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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навигация </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Баш биткә күчү [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Баш бит</span></a></li><li id="n-browse" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AD%D1%87%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA"><span>Эчтәлек</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a 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системага керергә киңәш итәбез, әмма бу мәҗбүри түгел."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Хисап язмасын төзү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC+%28%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%29" title="Сезгә системага керергә тәкъдим ителә, әмма бу мәҗбүри түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Керү</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страницы для неавторизованных редакторов <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BC:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88" aria-label="Подробнее о 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/24px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"459\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Проектлар\"\u003EПроектлар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/5px-Kerze.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5\" height=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/8px-Kerze.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/10px-Kerze.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"822\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003EХәтерТактасы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/u\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/12px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/18px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/24px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1626\" data-file-height=\"1626\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003EЕлПроекты\u003C/a\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/12px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/18px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/24px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003EАгымдагыМарафоннар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Проект:Төбәк тематик атналыгы\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/20px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/30px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/40px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1920\" data-file-height=\"975\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" title=\"Проект:Төбәк тематик атналыгы\"\u003EТөбәкАтналыгы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B5_2024\" title=\"Википедия:Проект:Азия ае 2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/20px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/30px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B5_2024\" title=\"Проект:Азия ае 2024\"\u003EАзия ае 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Эчтәлек" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Эчтәлек</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Йөзем_төрләре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Йөзем_төрләре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Йөзем төрләре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Йөзем_төрләре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Үстерү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Үстерү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Үстерү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Үстерү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_ук_кара" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_ук_кара"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Шулай ук кара</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_ук_кара-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әдәбият" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әдәбият"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Әдәбият</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әдәбият-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Чыганаклар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Чыганаклар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Чыганаклар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Чыганаклар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Эчтәлек" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Отобразить/Скрыть содержание" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Отобразить/Скрыть содержание</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Йөзем (үсемлек)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перейти к статье на другом языке. Доступно на 87 языках" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B6%D1%8C" title="Ажь — абхазский" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ажь" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="كرمة (نبات) — гарәп" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرمة (نبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="гарәп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="كرمه (جنس من النباتات) — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كرمه (جنس من النباتات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowemin" title="Cowemin — атикамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Cowemin" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cz%C3%BCm" title="Üzüm — әзәрбайҗан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üzüm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзәрбайҗан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Йөҙөм — башкорт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йөҙөм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкорт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABnoug%C4%97" title="Vīnougė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vīnougė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD)" title="Вінаград (род раслін) — белорус" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вінаград (род раслін)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Вінаград — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вінаград" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лоза — болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — босния" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinya" title="Vinya — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vinya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Кемс — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кемс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8E%D9%88" title="دارمێو — үзәк көрд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دارمێو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="үзәк көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9va" title="Réva — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Réva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Иçĕм — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иçĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwinwydden" title="Gwinwydden — уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwinwydden" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinstok" title="Vinstok — дания" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vinstok" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дания" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinreben" title="Weinreben — алман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weinreben" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="алман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — инглиз" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="инглиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vito" title="Vito — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — испан" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viinapuu" title="Viinapuu — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viinapuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatsondo" title="Mahatsondo — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahatsondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="انگور (سرده) — фарсы" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگور (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсы" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viinik%C3%B6ynn%C3%B6kset" title="Viiniköynnökset — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viiniköynnökset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — француз" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winplaanten" title="Winplaanten — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Winplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADni%C3%BAin" title="Fíniúin — ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fíniúin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — галисия" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billey_feeyney" title="Billey feeyney — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Billey feeyney" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="वाइटिस — һинд" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाइटिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="һинд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loza_(biljni_rod)" title="Loza (biljni rod) — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Loza (biljni rod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winowc_(r%C3%B3d)" title="Winowc (ród) — югары сорб" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Winowc (ród)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="югары сорб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C5%91l%C5%91" title="Szőlő — венгр" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szőlő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Խաղող — әрмән" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաղող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="әрмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Խաղող — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խաղող" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — индонезия" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADnvi%C3%B0ur" title="Vínviður — исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vínviður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — итальян" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E5%B1%9E" title="ブドウ属 — япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブドウ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantengan" title="Bantengan — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bantengan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ვაზი — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვაზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara" title="Tara — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tara" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%86%8D" title="포도속 — корея" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포도속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корея" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAw%C3%AA_r%C3%AAz" title="Mêwê rêz — көрд" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mêwê rêz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%BC_(%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83)" title="Жүзүм (уруу) — кыргыз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жүзүм (уруу)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4iriewen" title="Wäiriewen — люксембург" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wäiriewen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvo" title="Uvo — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Uvo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vynmedis" title="Vynmedis — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vynmedis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABnkoki" title="Vīnkoki — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vīnkoki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Виноград — горномарийский" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Виноград" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="горномарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uba" title="Uba — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Uba" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_(plant)" title="Vitis (plant) — голланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vitis (plant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinranke" title="Vinranke — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vinranke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinrankeslekta" title="Vinrankeslekta — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vinrankeslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D0%BD%C3%A6%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сæнæфсир — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сæнæфсир" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winoro%C5%9Bl" title="Winorośl — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Winorośl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="انگوری — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگوری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Виноград (род) — рус" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виноград (род)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="рус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bide" title="Bide — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bide" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna" title="Vigna — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vigna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vini%C4%8D" title="Vinič — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vinič" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardhia" title="Hardhia — албан" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hardhia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Лоза (род) — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лоза (род)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Vinsläktet — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vinsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mzabibu" title="Mzabibu — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mzabibu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="திராட்சை (பேரினம்) — тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திராட்சை (பேரினம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Виноград — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Виноград" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Виноград — украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Виноград" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_(ekin)" title="Tok (ekin) — үзбәк" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tok (ekin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="үзбәк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinmarj_(heim)" title="Vinmarj (heim) — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vinmarj (heim)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Nho" title="Chi Nho — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Nho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%B1%9E" title="葡萄属 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="葡萄属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ბინეხი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბინეხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape" title="Grape — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Grape" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%B1%9E" title="葡萄属 — кытай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葡萄属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%B1%AC" title="葡萄屬 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191019#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка телләргә сылтамалар өстәү" class="wbc-editpage">Сылтамалар өстәү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Гомуми </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%99_%D1%8E%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Бирегә сылтаган барлык битләрнең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Бу биткә сылтамалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" rel="nofollow" title="Бу биттән сылтамалар бирелгән битләрдә соңгы үзгәрешләр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйләнешле 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_%28%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%29&id=3439687&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бу биткә (чыганак буларак) ничек җибәрергә турында мәгълүмат"><span>Бу биткә (чыганакка) җибәрү</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2599%25D3%25A9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC_%28%25D2%25AF%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%29"><span>Кыска URL алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2599%25D3%25A9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC_%28%25D2%25AF%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%29"><span>Скачать 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title="Бу битнең басма юрамасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Бастыру юрамасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башка проектларда </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vitis" hreflang="en"><span>Викиҗыентык</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vitis" hreflang="en"><span>Викитөрләр</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191019" title="Үзара бәйләнгән мәгълүматләр репозиториясе элементларына сылтама [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәгълүмат элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Инструменты для страниц"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Внешний вид"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Внешний вид</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia — ирекле энциклопедия проектыннан ([http://tt.wikipedia.org.ttcysuttlart1999.aylandirow.tmf.org.ru/wiki/Йөзем (үсемлек) latin yazuında])</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" cellspacing="1" style="border-spacing: 1px; width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"><span class="fn">Йөзем</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18" data-wikidata-claim-id="q191019$ABDF15E7-76B2-4C5B-BBDE-CB1B9C4A4A62"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Vitis_californica_with_grapes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vitis_californica_with_grapes.jpg/250px-Vitis_californica_with_grapes.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vitis_californica_with_grapes.jpg/375px-Vitis_californica_with_grapes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vitis_californica_with_grapes.jpg/500px-Vitis_californica_with_grapes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Халыкара фәнни исем</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P225" data-wikidata-claim-id="q191019$FF660F77-F095-4130-8838-F1EC29999280"><span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">Vitis</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span class="wikidata-snak" data-wikidata-hash="a817d3670bc2f9a3586b6377a65d54fff72ef888"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Карл Линней">L.</a></span></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak" data-wikidata-hash="45e5b04c2f47c968d719101fed54a982f5fde7cf"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1753_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1753 ел">1753</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_55bda7c5a60207cc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_55bda7c5a60207cc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_41deba8b4f1af46c_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_41deba8b4f1af46c-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Таксономик ранг</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P105" data-wikidata-claim-id="q191019$B329FB1C-8941-4F66-8488-2876309BB53F"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ыруг (биология)">ыру</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_55bda7c5a60207cc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_55bda7c5a60207cc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Югарырак таксон</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P171" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191019$561CC208-8153-4161-80F4-0D46076C0254"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitoideae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitoideae (бит юк)">Vitoideae</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17302499" class="extiw" title="d:Q17302499">[d]</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Таксономик төр</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P427" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191019$e006985f-45be-df6f-fd3b-aa2e00422f61"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._vinifera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V. vinifera (бит юк)">V. vinifera</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30046" class="extiw" title="d:Q30046">[d]</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Җимеш төре</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P4000" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191019$89387FF3-2216-4EF7-B319-3759AD5EE064"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%96%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Җиләк (бит юк)">җиләк</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13184" class="extiw" title="d:Q13184">[d]</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Шушы чыганакларда тасвирлана</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191019$ce4fe19c-470b-cbc6-e1c4-20ab8a7c9ba3"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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title="d:Q56441911">[d]</a></sup></span></span> һәм <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191019$03d0ddd1-49c0-f993-21b9-c9cdc8474a34"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрон энциклопедик сүзлеге (бит юк)">Брокгауз һәм Ефрон энциклопедик сүзлеге</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602358" class="extiw" title="d:Q602358">[d]</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Башлану вакыты</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P580" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191019$a0090e4e-a107-4112-93da-772779f56cad"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=60000_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="60000 тысячелетие до н. э. (бит юк)">60000 тысячелетие до н. э.</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Нәрсәнең чыганагы</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1672" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q191019$63bd5769-4599-32f7-e992-0c877147a065"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йөзем (бит юк)">йөзем</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10978" class="extiw" title="d:Q10978">[d]</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <p><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373" data-wikidata-claim-id="q191019$79728B90-36B4-4EA9-B332-2359DFE2A875"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vitis" title="commons:Category:Vitis"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vitis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vitis">Йөзем</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D2%97%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Викиҗыентык">Викиҗыентыкта</a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Йөзе́м</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">Vitis</span></i>) – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йөземлеләр (бит юк)">йөземлеләр</a> гаиләлегеннән күпьеллык агачсыман <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лианалар (бит юк)">лианалар</a> ыругы. 60-70 төре билгеле. <i>Культуралы йөзем</i> (<i>V. vinifera</i>) үстерелә. Озын (3-5 м), нәзек, берьеллык үрентеләре һәм көчле тамыр системасы белән <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Туфрак">туфракка</a> 7 м тирәнлеккә кадәр китүче лиана. Чәчәкләре ике җенесле яисә ана җенесле себеркәчле чәчәк оешмасына җыелган, читтән (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D2%97%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Бөҗәкләр">бөҗәкләр</a> яисә җил белән) һәм үзеннән серкәләнә. Җимеше - төрле формада һәм төстә (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D3%99" title="Гәрәбә">гәрәбәдәй</a> сарыдан яшел, алсу, куе шәмәхә һәм хәтта кара төскә кадәр). Җимешләре тәлгәш һәм чук булып җыелган. Составында 10 нан 30% ка кадәр <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Глюкоза">глюкозадан</a> торуы белән кыйммәтле санала. Җылылык һәм яктылык яратучы үсемлек. ТРда җиңел уңдырышлы туфраклы, җылына торган тау битләрендә яхшы үсә. ТРда иртә өлгерә торган сортлары гына үстерелә. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Йөзем_төрләре"><span id=".D0.99.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B5.D0.BC_.D1.82.D3.A9.D1.80.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Йөзем төрләре</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Йөзем төрләре» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Йөзем төрләре»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Vitis</i> ыругы 70 төрдән тора һәм ике вак ыругка бүленә: <i>Euvitis Planch</i> һәм <i>Muscadinia Planch</i>. Беренчесенә 68 төр карый, алар чыгышы, үскән төбәкләре, шулай ук ботаник, морфологик-анатомик үзенсәлектәре буенча өч төркемгә бүленә: </p> <ul><li>Аурупа-Азия төркеме;</li> <li>Америка төркеме;</li> <li>Көнчыгыш Азия төркеме.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Николай Вавилов (бит юк)">Николай Вавилов</a> йөземнең килеп чыгышын һәм чәчеп үстерелә башлавын шул рәвешчә билгеләгән: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Урта Азия">Урта Азия</a>, анда Төньяк-көнчыгыш <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндстан">Һиндстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әфганстан">Әфганстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Таҗикстан">Таҗикстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үзбәкстан">Үзбәкстан</a>, Көнчыгыш <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Тянь-Шань">Тянь-Шань</a> дә кушыла;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алгы Азия">Алгы Азия</a>, анда эчке <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кече Азия">Кече Азия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ">Кавказ</a> аръягы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран">Иран</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Төркмәнстан">Төркмәнстанның</a> таулы өлеше карый. Бу төбәкләрдә йөзем күп төрле һәм кыргый рәвештә дә үсә.</li></ul> <p>Европа-Азия төренә бер төр карый: <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L., ул бик күп бакча сортлары биргән, <i>Vitis vinifera</i> subsp. <i>silvestris</i> (урман йөземе) лә бар. А. М. Негруль чәчеп үстерелгән сортларны үзенчәлекләренә карап өч экологик-географик төркемгә бүлә: </p> <ul><li>көнчыгыш төркем <i>Vitis vinifera</i> convar. orientalis</li> <li>көнбатыш төркем <i>Vitis vinifera</i> convar. occidentalis</li> <li>Кара диңгез яры төркеме <i>Vitis vinifera</i> convar. pontica</li></ul> <p>Америка төркеменә 28 төр карый. Бакчачылар аларның сабакларын үсенте алу өчен файдалана. Аеруча <i>Vitis rupestris</i>, <i>Vitis riparia</i> һәм <i>Vitis labrusca</i> сорты кулай. Соңгысы Төньяк Америка сортлары арасында <a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80_%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Җир җиләге">җир җиләге</a> исен аңкытып торуы белән билгеле (XVII гасыр урталарыннан чәчеп үстерелә). </p><p>Көнчыгыш Азия төркеменә 39 төр карый, алар әлегә аз өйрәнелгән. Иң билгелесе — Амур йөземе (Vitis amurensis). Үз чиратында Амур йөземе өч экотипка бүленә: төньяк экотип (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Хабарау">Хабарау</a> киңлегендә үсә), көньяк экотип (<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток">Владивосток</a> киңлегендә үсә) һәм кытай экотибы (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кытай">Кытайның</a> көньяк районнарында таралган). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Үстерү"><span id=".D2.AE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D2.AF"></span>Үстерү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="«Үстерү» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Үстерү»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Йөзем - көньяк культурасы, әмма ул төньякка таба күчә бара. 25-30 градыс суыкка чыдамнары да бар аның. Аның өчен суыктан бигрәк язгы температура тирбәлешләре куркыныч. Көндез кояшта җылынып "уянган" бөреләр төнге салкынны өнәми. Шуңа күрә үсентене утыртканда салкын җилләр янамаган, кояшлы, җылына торган туфраклы урын сайлау мәслихәт. Бездәге калын кар астында ул карсыз көньяктагыдан әйбәтрәк кышлый. </p><p>Кышлатуга әзерләгәндә йөзем куагын балчык белән күмү кирәкми, тамырлары өстенә салам, коры <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Тирес">тирес</a>, кипкән үлән каплап, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D3%99%D2%AF%D1%81%D3%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кәүсә (бит юк)">кәүсәне</a> бәйләп җиргә яткырып, рубероид яки капчык капларга һәм кар төшү белән өстенә өяргә кирәк. </p><p>Утырту өчен бездә иң кулай вакыт - яз: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Апрель">апрельнең</a> икенче яртысыннан май ае урталарына кадәр. Соңга калсаң, үсенте хәлсез була. Көзен дымлы җиргә утыртып, яхшылап каплыйсы була - язын иртә "уянып", үсә башлау өчен кулайрак. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Сентябрь">Сентябрь</a> урталарыннан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Октябрь">октябрь</a> урталарына кадәр утыртасы. </p><p>Үсентеләр өчен чокыр 70 сантиметрга кадәр казыла. Черемәле җирне ком катыштырып әзерлисе. Бер чиләк катнашмага 1-2 шырпы кабы кадәр агач көле салырга кирәк. Чокырны көздән казып куйсаң, дым тупларга уңай була. Язын черемә урынына саламлы тирес кулланырга ярамый. </p><p>Комлы җирдә чокыр төбенә вак гравий һәм кара туфрак катнашмасын 1:1 нисбәтендә 15 сантиметр итеп түшәлә. Аның өстенә чокырның яртысына кадәр торф яки черемә һәм ком катнашмасы салына, өстенә – ком. </p><p>Татарстан бакчачылары 40лап төрле йөзем үстерә. Алар уңышлары, өлгерү вакытлары, авыруларга каршы торучанлыклары белән аерылып торалар. Эшне башлау өчен иң кулае - "Изабелла" сорты. Ул күп сортларның башлангычы булып тора һәм тиз өлгерә, салкынга чыдам, тиз үсә. Йөзем куагы декоратив үсемлек буларак та кулланыла, койма, дача йортларын, верандаларны каплап гаҗәп матур "тере чаршау" барлыкка китерә. Йөзем <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Алмагач">алма</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чияләр (бит юк)">чияләр</a> белән килешеп үсә. </p><p>ВИНОГРАД. Җир шарында бу тәмле җимешнең 8 мең тирәсе сорты билгеле. Тәмлелеге өстенә ул әле бик файдалы да. Бу җимештә тиз эрүчән татлы матдәләр 25 % ка якын. Нигездә, бу — глюкоза һәм фруктоза. Ор ганизм аны бик яхшы үзләштерә. Хәтерегезгә төшерәбез: глюкоза — нерв күзәнәкләренең туклану матдәсе. Виноград шикәрләре канга кереп, йөрәк мускулының кыскаруын көчәйтә һәм матдәләр алмашын яхшырта. </p><p>Виноград кабыгында һәм йомшагында пектин дигән матдә бик күп. Шун лыктан җиләкнең агулануга каршы тору сыйфаты бар, ул организмнан авыр металл тозларын чыгара. Табиблар анда картаюны акрынайту сыйфаты барлыгын да ачыклаганнар. Моңа аның составында көчле антиоксидант булып исәпләнгән флавоноидлар булу ярдәм итә. </p><p>Виноградның бактерияләргә һәм вирусларга каршы тәэсир итә тор ган сыйфаты да билгеле, ул иммунитетны көчәйтә. Виноград үпкәләргә файдалы, элекке заманда аны астмадан интеккән кешеләрне дәвалаганда кулланганнар. Бу җимеш бөерләрдә таш утыруны, шулай ук канда тромб ясалуны кисәтүе белән дә игътибарга лаек. </p><p>Кара виноград хатын-кызларның сөт бизендә яман шеш барлыкка килү куркынычын киметә. Ул шулай ук авыру бөерләргә ярдәм итә, холестерин ясалуны киметә. Баш миенең активлыгын саклый, Альцгеймер авыруы барлыкка килүне һәм картларның күрү сәләте кимүен акрынайта. Шуңа күрә олы яшьтәге кешеләргә кара виноград белән дуслашырга киңәш ителә. </p><p>Күзләр белән бәйле проблемаларны киметү өчен көненә 100 грамм тирәсе виноград ашарга кирәк. Виноград мигрень авыруыннан интегүчеләргә файдалы. Бу очракта аның согын су белән катыштырмыйча эчү шарт. </p><p>Виноград ашказаны-эчәк тракты эшчәнлеген көйли, йөрәк-кан тамырла ры авыруларын, подагра, бавыр циррозы, хроник гепатит һәм бронхит, азканлылыкны (гемоглобин дәрәҗәсен һәм эритроцитлар күләмен арттыра) дәвалау өчен файдаланыла. Аның эчне йомшарту, сидек куу, организмны ныгыту һәм какырык ясалуны көчәйтү кебек сыйфатлары бар. </p><p>Виноградның ачык төстәге сортлары кешегә тормыш өчен кирәкле энер- ' гия бирә. Бу җимештә тимер, кальций, калий, фосфор, күкерт, кремний, натрий элементлары, РР, С, Н, А, В1 В2, В3, В6, В9 витаминнары, протеин, клетчатка бар. </p><p>Виноградны кемгә ашарга киңәш ителми? </p><p>Иң беренче — йөкле һәм бала ашатучы хатын-кызларга. Шулай ук авыз куышлыгында, эчәклектә, ашказанында, үңәчендә җәрәхәт булган кешеләр гә; кариестан, стоматиттан, кискен формадагы туберкулездан, симерүдән, уремиядән, шикәр диабетыннан интегүчеләргә. Караңгы виноград согын балаларга биргәндә сак булыгыз: кайберләрендә азканлылык барлыкка китерергә мөмкин. </p><p>Тагын шуны хәтерләргә кирәк: шикәр һәм кислота тешләргә зыян китерә, эмален җимерә. Шуңа күрә виноград ашагач, аның согын эчкәч, ялкаулан магыз — авызны чайкап алыгыз. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_ук_кара"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D0.BA_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Шулай ук кара</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="«Шулай ук кара» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Шулай ук кара»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Йөземчелек">Йөземчелек</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әдәбият"><span id=".D3.98.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82"></span>Әдәбият</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="«Әдәбият» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Әдәбият»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Арутюнян А.С. Удобрение виноградников. М., 1983;</li> <li>Виноградство. Энцикл.: В 3 т. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Кишинёв">Кишинёв</a>, 1986.</li> <li>«Ампелография с основами виноградарства». Негруль А. М., Гордеева Л. Н., Калмыкова Т. И., М.: Высшая школа, 1979.</li> <li>«Ампелография и селекция винограда». Дудник Н. А., Одесса: ОСХИ, 1979.</li> <li>«Ампелография и селекция винограда». Трошин Л. П., Краснодар: РИЦ «Вольные мастера», 1999.</li> <li>«Размножение винограда черенками в большом количестве». Роте Р., СПб: Риккер, 1883.</li> <li>«Руководство по виноградарству». Потебня А. А., Скробишевский В. Я., СПб: Изд. Девриена, 1906.</li> <li>«Опыт виноградарства в Оренбургском уезде». Соколов Д. Н., М.: Тип. Сомовой, 1911.</li> <li>«Виноградарство». Мержаниан А. С., М.: Колос, 1967.</li> <li>«Технология возделывания винограда». Кухарский М. С., Михалаке И. Н., Кишинев: Картя Молдовеняскэ, 1985.</li> <li>«Виноградарство». Смирнов К. В., Калмыкова Т. И., Морозова Г. С., М.: Агропромиздат, 1987.</li> <li>«Энциклопедия виноградарства». Кишинев: МСЭ, 1986—1987.</li> <li>«Виноградарство». К. В. Смирнов, Л. М. Малтабар, А. К. Раджабов, Н. В. Матузок, М.: Изд-во МСХА, 1998.</li> <li>«Виноградарство США». Уинклер А. Дж., М.: Колос, 1966.</li> <li>«Изучение сортов винограда». М. А. Лазаревский. Изд. Ростовского университета, 1963.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Чыганаклар"><span id=".D0.A7.D1.8B.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Чыганаклар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="«Чыганаклар» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Чыганаклар»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tatarile.org/maglumat/%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99/%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC">Татар энциклопедиясе. Казан, 2010.</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2016 елның 5 март көнендә <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305192520/http://tatarile.org/maglumat/%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99/%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC">архивланган</a>.</span></small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kukmor-rt.ru/tt/component/k2/item/880-y%D3%A9zem-bezd%D3%99-d%D3%99-%D2%AFs%D3%99.html">Р. Миниятуллин. Йөзем бездә дә үсә</a><span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-placeholder, #72777d)">(үле сылтама)</span></li></ul> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_55bda7c5a60207cc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_55bda7c5a60207cc_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_55bda7c5a60207cc_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_55bda7c5a60207cc_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_55bda7c5a60207cc_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q3331189" data-entity-id="Q40975586"><i class="wef_low_priority_links"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Карл Линней">Линней К.</a></i> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40975586" class="extiw" title="d:Q40975586">Genera plantarum eorumque characteres naturales, secundum numerum figuram, situm, & proportionem omnium fructificationis partium</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 5 — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Стокһольм">Стокһолм</a>: 1754. — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/BHL.TITLE.746">doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.746</a></span></span><div style="display:none"><a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1754https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1043https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q40975586">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1754https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1043https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q40975586</a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_41deba8b4f1af46c-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_41deba8b4f1af46c_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_41deba8b4f1af46c_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q47461344" data-entity-id="Q21856106"><i class="wef_low_priority_links"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Карл Линней">Linnaeus C.</a></i> <a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Species_Plantarum_(Editio_Prima)/Tomus_I" class="extiw" title="la:s:Species Plantarum (Editio Prima)/Tomus I">Species Plantarum</a>: Exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 1753.</span></span><div style="display:none"><a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q21856106https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1043https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q21856050">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q21856106https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1043https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q21856050</a></div></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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