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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حلقة نقاشية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلقة نقاشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podiumsdiskussion" title="Podiumsdiskussion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Podiumsdiskussion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestlusring" title="Vestlusring – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vestlusring" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel_de_discusi%C3%B3n" title="Panel de discusión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Panel de discusión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="میزگرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میزگرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Պանելային քննարկում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանելային քննարկում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel-rasprava" title="Panel-rasprava – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Panel-rasprava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskusi_panel" title="Diskusi panel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Diskusi panel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9C" title="פאנל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאנל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="パネルディスカッション – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パネルディスカッション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyskusja_panelowa" title="Dyskusja panelowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dyskusja panelowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Панельное обсуждение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панельное обсуждение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panelov%C3%A1_diskusia" title="Panelová diskusia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panelová diskusia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneelikeskustelu" title="Paneelikeskustelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paneelikeskustelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel" title="Panel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Панельна дискусія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панельна дискусія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96%E7%92%B0%E7%AF%80" title="專題討論環節 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="專題討論環節" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A7%E8%AB%87%E6%9C%83" title="座談會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="座談會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of people gathered to discuss a topic in front of an audience</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cast_of_the_Flash_at_2015_PaleyFest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cast_of_the_Flash_at_2015_PaleyFest.jpg/220px-Cast_of_the_Flash_at_2015_PaleyFest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cast_of_the_Flash_at_2015_PaleyFest.jpg/330px-Cast_of_the_Flash_at_2015_PaleyFest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cast_of_the_Flash_at_2015_PaleyFest.jpg/440px-Cast_of_the_Flash_at_2015_PaleyFest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Panel with the cast of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flash_(2014_TV_series)" title="The Flash (2014 TV series)">The Flash</a></i> at 2015 PaleyFest</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b> panel discussion</b>, or simply a <b>panel</b>, involves a group of people gathered to discuss a topic in front of an audience, typically at scientific, business, or <a href="/wiki/Academic_conference" title="Academic conference">academic conferences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">fan conventions</a>, and on television shows. Panels usually include a moderator who guides the discussion and sometimes elicits audience questions, with the goal of being informative and entertaining.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harvard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film panels at fan conventions have been credited with boosting box office returns by generating advance <a href="/wiki/Marketing_buzz" title="Marketing buzz">buzz</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panel_discussion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_Hardwick,_Andrew_Lincoln,_Steven_Yeun,_Lauren_Cohan,_Michael_Cudlitz_%26_Danai_Gurira_(14793892763).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Chris_Hardwick%2C_Andrew_Lincoln%2C_Steven_Yeun%2C_Lauren_Cohan%2C_Michael_Cudlitz_%26_Danai_Gurira_%2814793892763%29.jpg/220px-Chris_Hardwick%2C_Andrew_Lincoln%2C_Steven_Yeun%2C_Lauren_Cohan%2C_Michael_Cudlitz_%26_Danai_Gurira_%2814793892763%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Chris_Hardwick%2C_Andrew_Lincoln%2C_Steven_Yeun%2C_Lauren_Cohan%2C_Michael_Cudlitz_%26_Danai_Gurira_%2814793892763%29.jpg/330px-Chris_Hardwick%2C_Andrew_Lincoln%2C_Steven_Yeun%2C_Lauren_Cohan%2C_Michael_Cudlitz_%26_Danai_Gurira_%2814793892763%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Chris_Hardwick%2C_Andrew_Lincoln%2C_Steven_Yeun%2C_Lauren_Cohan%2C_Michael_Cudlitz_%26_Danai_Gurira_%2814793892763%29.jpg/440px-Chris_Hardwick%2C_Andrew_Lincoln%2C_Steven_Yeun%2C_Lauren_Cohan%2C_Michael_Cudlitz_%26_Danai_Gurira_%2814793892763%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><i>The Walking Dead</i> panel host <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hardwick" title="Chris Hardwick">Chris Hardwick</a> takes a photo with actors <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lincoln" title="Andrew Lincoln">Andrew Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Yeun" title="Steven Yeun">Steven Yeun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Cohan" title="Lauren Cohan">Lauren Cohan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cudlitz" title="Michael Cudlitz">Michael Cudlitz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danai_Gurira" title="Danai Gurira">Danai Gurira</a> at the 2014 <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con_International" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Comic-Con International">Comic-Con</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The typical format for a discussion panel includes a moderator in front of an audience.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Television shows in the English-speaking world that feature a discussion panel format include <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher" title="Real Time with Bill Maher">Real Time with Bill Maher</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Loose_Women" title="Loose Women">Loose Women</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nightly_Show_with_Larry_Wilmore" title="The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore">The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore</a></i>, as well as segments of the long-running <i><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Press" title="Meet the Press">Meet the Press</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quiz shows featuring this format, such as <i><a href="/wiki/QI" title="QI">QI</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Never_Mind_the_Buzzcocks" title="Never Mind the Buzzcocks">Never Mind the Buzzcocks</a></i>, are called <a href="/wiki/Panel_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Panel game">panel games</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fan_conventions">Fan conventions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panel_discussion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fan conventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Panels at sci-fi <a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">fan conventions</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con_International" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Comic-Con International">San Diego Comic-Con</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Comic_Con" title="New York Comic Con">New York Comic Con</a>, have become increasingly popular; there are typically long lines to get access to the panels.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The panels often feature advance looks at upcoming films and <a href="/wiki/Video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Video games">video games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Panels and the early screenings at conventions have been credited as increasing the popularity of blockbuster films in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the earliest film panels was at the 1976 San Diego Comic-Con, when publicist Charles Lippincott hosted a slideshow—in front of a "somewhat skeptical" audience—for an upcoming film called <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i>. Five years later, the <i><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></i> panel at the 1981 San Diego Comic-Con featured a film <a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">featurette</a>, before featurettes were popular. At the 2000 event, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> preview panel ushered in today's era of hugely popular panels.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manels">Manels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panel_discussion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Manels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TC_Sessions_Robotics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TC_Sessions_Robotics.jpg/220px-TC_Sessions_Robotics.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TC_Sessions_Robotics.jpg/330px-TC_Sessions_Robotics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TC_Sessions_Robotics.jpg/440px-TC_Sessions_Robotics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>An all-male technology panel in 2020 is an example of a manel.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>manel</i> is a panel whose participants are all men. The term is a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau word">portmanteau word</a> deriving from <i>the man</i> and <i>panel</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionaries (website)">Oxford Dictionaries</a> and Cambridge Dictionaries teams both published blog posts on the word in 2017, suggesting the term was new at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second decade of the twenty-first century, such panels, in academia, the private sector, the media, government, and beyond, became the object of <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> critique and of extensive media discussion,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as academic research.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commentators challenged conference organizers and speakers to refuse to present manels. Organisations responding included <i><a href="/wiki/The_Financial_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Financial Times">The Financial Times</a></i>, whose board decided in August 2017 to end men-only conference panels, and encouraged its journalists not to participate in these elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panel_discussion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="News conference">News conference</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panel_discussion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/panel-discussions-13909630">"Panel Discussions"</a>. 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This blog will shame you</a>', <i>BBC Trending</i> (27 May 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigid Schulte, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/human-interest/2017/10/there-is-no-excuse-for-all-male-panels-heres-how-to-fix-them.html">There’s No Excuse for All-Male Panels. Here’s How to Fix Them</a>', <i>Slate</i> (6 October 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Elizabeth Williams, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2018/03/16/the-manel-in-academia-why-are-no-women-historians-coming-to-a-big-event/">The "manel" in academia: Why are no women historians coming to a big event?</a>', <i>Salon</i> (16 March 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sara Wallace Goodman and Thomas B. Pepinsky, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3297654">Gender Representation and Strategies for Panel Diversity: Lessons from the APSA Annual Conference</a>', <i>SSRN</i> (20 December 2018), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.3297654">10.2139/ssrn.3297654</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Bouvy and M. Mujoomdar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201903.0238/v1">All Male Panels and Gender Diversity of Issue Panels and Plenary Sessions at ISPOR Europe</a>', <i>Preprints</i> (2019), 2019030238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Skapinker, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/7766db38-46dd-11e8-8ae9-4b5ddcca99b3">Ending men-only panels is a spur to creativity</a>', <i>Financial Times</i> (24 April 2018).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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