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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1886–1920"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1886–1920</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1886–1920-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1920s–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920s–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1920s–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920s–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_collaboration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_collaboration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Nazi collaboration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_collaboration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_in_emission_cheating_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_emission_cheating_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Role in emission cheating software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_emission_cheating_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Industrial technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumer_goods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_goods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Consumer goods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_goods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_and_building_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_building_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Energy and building technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_building_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_business_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_business_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other business areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_business_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Locations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Locations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Locations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>British operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_American_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_American_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>North American operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_American_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Indian operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Joint ventures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Joint ventures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BSH_Hausgeräte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BSH_Hausgeräte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>BSH Hausgeräte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BSH_Hausgeräte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EM-motive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EM-motive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>EM-motive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EM-motive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purolator_filters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purolator_filters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Purolator filters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purolator_filters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SB_LiMotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SB_LiMotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>SB LiMotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SB_LiMotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Static_ADAS_Calibration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Static_ADAS_Calibration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Static ADAS Calibration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Static_ADAS_Calibration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Corporate affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_practices_and_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_practices_and_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Environmental practices and initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_practices_and_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Partnership with universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bosch (company)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9)" title="بوش (شركة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوش (شركة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="روبرت بوش قام‌ب‌ها – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روبرت بوش قام‌ب‌ها" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_Gmbh" title="Robert Bosch Gmbh – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Bosch Gmbh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4_%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="روبرت بوش گ‌ام‌ب‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روبرت بوش گ‌ام‌ب‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_(entreprise)" title="Bosch (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bosch (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%89%AC_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="보쉬 (기업) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보쉬 (기업)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_(azienda)" title="Robert Bosch (azienda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Bosch (azienda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A9_(%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94)" title="בוש (חברה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוש (חברה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬಾಷ್ ಕಂಪನಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಷ್ ಕಂಪನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ბოში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Robert Bosch" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_csoport" title="Bosch csoport – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bosch csoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Роберт Бош – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роберт Бош" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A" title="रोबेर्ट बोश जीएमबीएच – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोबेर्ट बोश जीएमबीएच" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%87)" title="بوش (شركه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوش (شركه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88_%D0%93%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%A5" title="Роберт Бош ГмбХ – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Роберт Бош ГмбХ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_(bedrijf)" title="Bosch (bedrijf) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bosch (bedrijf)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5_(%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD)" title="ロバート・ボッシュ (企業) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・ボッシュ (企業)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_(przedsi%C4%99biorstwo)" title="Robert Bosch (przedsiębiorstwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Bosch (przedsiębiorstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_(empresa)" title="Bosch (empresa) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bosch (empresa)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_(kompani)" title="Bosch (kompani) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bosch (kompani)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_(podnik)" title="Robert Bosch (podnik) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Bosch (podnik)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch_(podjetje)" title="Bosch (podjetje) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bosch (podjetje)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4_(%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="بۆش (کۆمپانیا) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆش (کۆمپانیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_(yritys)" title="Robert Bosch (yritys) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Bosch (yritys)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A" title="บ๊อช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บ๊อช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch" title="Bosch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bosch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Bosch GmbH" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%96%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="罗伯特·博世公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·博世公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234021#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German engineering and technology company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"BOSCH" and "Bosch Corporation" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bosch_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bosch (disambiguation)">Bosch (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-COI plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-COI" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b> A major contributor to this article appears to have a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">close connection</a> with its subject.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. Please discuss further on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Bosch_(company)" title="Talk:Bosch (company)">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Robert Bosch GmbH</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosch-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bosch-logo.svg/250px-Bosch-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bosch-logo.svg/375px-Bosch-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bosch-logo.svg/500px-Bosch-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="97" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BoschRenningen-pjt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BoschRenningen-pjt.jpg/250px-BoschRenningen-pjt.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BoschRenningen-pjt.jpg/375px-BoschRenningen-pjt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BoschRenningen-pjt.jpg/500px-BoschRenningen-pjt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="2429" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Corporate Sector Research and Advanced Development in <a href="/wiki/Renningen" title="Renningen">Renningen</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Eisemann-Werke<br />Friedrich Hesser, Maschinenfabrik <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234021?uselang=en#P155" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 1886<span class="noprint">; 138 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1886-11-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch">Robert Bosch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Robert-Bosch-Platz 1, 70839 <a href="/wiki/Gerlingen" title="Gerlingen">Gerlingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Hartung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan Hartung (page does not exist)">Stefan Hartung</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>), (<a href="/wiki/Chief_technology_officer" title="Chief technology officer">CTO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_digital_officer" title="Chief digital officer">CDO</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive parts">Automotive parts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Power_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Power tools">power tools</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Security_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Security systems">security systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Home_appliances" class="mw-redirect" title="Home appliances">home appliances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">IoT</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>91.59 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €4.503 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €2.640 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €108.33 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €47.89 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_Stiftung" title="Robert Bosch Stiftung">Robert Bosch Stiftung</a> (92%)<br />Bosch Family (8%)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">429,416 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">BSH Hausgeräte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETAS" title="ETAS">ETAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosch_Rexroth" title="Bosch Rexroth">Bosch Rexroth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bosch.com/">bosch.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Bosch GmbH</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[bɔʃ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/88\/Robert_Bosch_GmbH.ogg\/Robert_Bosch_GmbH.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Robert Bosch GmbH.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Robert_Bosch_GmbH.ogg/Robert_Bosch_GmbH.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bosch_GmbH.ogg" title="File:Robert Bosch GmbH.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>), commonly known as <b>Bosch</b> (styled <b>BOSCH</b>), is a German <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Gerlingen" title="Gerlingen">Gerlingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. The company was founded by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch">Robert Bosch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-YFbosch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YFbosch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bosch is 94% owned by the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_Stiftung" title="Robert Bosch Stiftung">Robert Bosch Stiftung</a>, a charitable institution.<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business. </p><p>Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including <a href="/wiki/BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">household appliances</a> and power tools), industrial technology (including <a href="/wiki/Bosch_Rexroth" title="Bosch Rexroth">drive and control</a>) and energy and building technology.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of revenue, Bosch is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_automotive_suppliers" title="List of the largest automotive suppliers">largest automotive supplier</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1886–1920"><span id="1886.E2.80.931920"></span>1886–1920</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1886–1920"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg/170px-Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg/255px-Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg/340px-Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch">Robert Bosch</a>, founder of the company</figcaption></figure> <p>The company started in a backyard in Stuttgart-West as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Werkstätte für Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik</i></span> (Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering) on 15 November 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year Bosch presented a low voltage <a href="/wiki/Magneto" title="Magneto">magneto</a> for gas engines. </p><p>From 1897, Bosch started installing <a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">magneto ignition</a> devices into <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> and became a supplier of an ignition system. In 1902, the chief engineer at Bosch, <a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Honold" title="Gottlob Honold">Gottlob Honold</a>, unveiled the high-voltage magneto ignition system with <a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">spark plug</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1901, Bosch opened its first factory in Stuttgart. In 1906, the company produced its 100,000th magneto. In the same year, Bosch introduced the eight-hour day for workers. In 1910, the Feuerbach plant was founded and built close to Stuttgart. In this factory, Bosch started to produce generators and headlights "Bosch-Light" in 1914. The system had been presented in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The onset of motorization in road traffic meant that the company grew very rapidly after 1900. While Bosch had a workforce of 45 in 1901, it had grown to more than 1,000 by 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1913, Bosch founded an apprentice workshop in order to recruit qualified young people for the production of automotive electrics.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bosch's international development began in 1898 with the opening of a branch in London, followed the next year by Paris, Vienna, and Budapest. By 1909, Bosch was represented by trading partners on every continent: in 1906 in New York (U.S.) and Johannesburg (South Africa), in 1907 in Sydney (Australia), in 1908 in Buenos Aires (Argentina), in 1909 in Shanghai (China), in 1910 in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and in 1911 in Tokyo (Japan). Bosch opened the first factory outside Germany in Paris, in 1905, and the first on another continent in 1912 in Springfield, Massachusetts (USA).<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, Bosch was transformed into a corporation and remained so until 1937, when Robert Bosch became the sole owner again after buying back his shares. In the process, the company became a limited liability company (GmbH).<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920s–1945"><span id="1920s.E2.80.931945"></span>1920s–1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1920s–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the First World War, Bosch lost most of its international holdings, including its U.S. factories. The company had to largely rebuild its international activities. This included opening up further South American and Asian regions. In 1922, for example, Illies & Company established a sales office for Bosch goods in Calcutta, India. In the years that followed, Bosch concluded contracts in Asia with sales partners in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and what is now Indonesia, for example, and on the American continents with partners in Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s, Bosch expanded its product range to include numerous automotive technology products that were required for cars in everyday use: electric horn (1921), windshield wipers (1926), and direction indicators ("trafficator", 1927).<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, Bosch launched injection pumps for diesel. Bosch bought the gas appliances production from Junkers & Co. in 1932, as a part of a diversification strategy. In 1932, the company developed its first electric drill and presented its first car radio. In 1933, Bosch presented its first electric refrigerator for private households.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazi_collaboration">Nazi collaboration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nazi collaboration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 1933 negotiations between Robert Bosch AG and the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> began on relocating parts of armaments production to Germany's interior. Bosch founded two such alternative plants in 1935 and 1937: Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH in <a href="/wiki/Kleinmachnow" title="Kleinmachnow">Kleinmachnow</a> near Berlin and Elektro- und Feinmechanische Industrie GmbH (later Trillke-Werke GmbH) in <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a>. Both plants were used exclusively for armament production. These "shadow factories" were built under great secrecy and in close cooperation with the Nazi authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, Bosch AG became a limited liability company (<a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_mit_beschr%C3%A4nkter_Haftung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung">GmbH</a>). </p><p>The Bosch subsidiary Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH (DLMG) in Kleinmachnow employed around 5,000 people, more than half of whom were <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced laborers</a>, prisoners of war, and female concentration camp prisoners, including many women from the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had to produce accessories for German <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> aircraft. In Hildesheim, a secret plant for the entire electrical equipment of tanks, tractors, and trucks of the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> was built. In 1944, 4,290 men and women worked in the Trillke factory, 2,019 of whom were forced laborers, prisoners of war, and military internees. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Your explanation here (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, there were at least 3,000 workers at the mechanics division at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_Hildesheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosch Hildesheim (page does not exist)">Bosch Hildesheim</a> plant, almost all of them from nearby occupied countries; there were only 200 recorded German workers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the last years of the war, no new German tank ever drove without the starter elements from the Bosch factory in Hildesheim. Bosch also had a monopoly position in the outfitting of German Luftwaffe aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-AIRSCIENCE_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIRSCIENCE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the war, production was further decentralized, Bosch produced in an ever larger number of factories, and relocated parts of its production to 213 plants in more than 100 locations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, Bosch acquired <i>Mannesmann Rexroth AG</i>, which they later renamed to <i><a href="/wiki/Bosch_Rexroth" title="Bosch Rexroth">Bosch Rexroth AG</a></i>. In the same year, the company opened a new testing center in Vaitoudden, close to <a href="/wiki/Arjeplog" title="Arjeplog">Arjeplog</a> in north Sweden. A new developing center in <a href="/wiki/Abstatt" title="Abstatt">Abstatt</a>, Germany followed in 2004. </p><p>In 2002, Bosch acquired Philips CSI, which at the time was manufacturing a broad range of professional communication and security products and systems including <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">CCTV</a>, congress, and public address systems.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2000s the company developed the electric hydraulic brake, common rail fuel injection with piezo-injectors, digital car radio with a disc drive, and the cordless screwdriver with a <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a> in 2003. </p><p>In 2004, Bosch bought Sigpack Systems from <a href="/wiki/SIG_Combibloc_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="SIG Combibloc Group">SIG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bosch received the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsche Zukunftspreis</i></span> (German Future Prize) from the German president in 2005 and 2008. A new development center was planned in 2008 in <a href="/wiki/Renningen" title="Renningen">Renningen</a>. In 2014, the first departments moved to the new center, while the remaining departments followed in 2015. </p><p>In 2006, Bosch acquired <a href="/wiki/Telex_Communications" title="Telex Communications">Telex Communications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electro-Voice" title="Electro-Voice">Electro-Voice</a>. </p><p>In 2009, Bosch invested about 3.6 billion Euro in development and research. Approximately 3900 patents are published per year. In addition to increasing energy efficiency by employing renewable energies, the company plans to invest in new areas such as <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">biomedical engineering</a>. </p><p>China is both a market and a manufacturing location for Bosch. In 2012, Bosch had 34,000 employees and a revenue of 41.7 billion Yuan (about 5 billion Euro) in China. </p> <ul><li>2012 – Purchased <a href="/wiki/SPX_Corporation" title="SPX Corporation">SPX Service Solutions</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 – Bosch sold its foundation brakes activities to <a href="/wiki/KPS_Capital_Partners" title="KPS Capital Partners">KPS Capital Partners</a>, which led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Chassis_Brakes_International" title="Chassis Brakes International">Chassis Brakes International</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 – Bosch announced it would exit its solar business</li> <li>2014 – Bosch entered talks to acquire Israeli <a href="/wiki/Red_Bend_Software" title="Red Bend Software">Red Bend Software</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 – Bosch takes over 100% of the shares from the former BSH Bosch and <a href="/wiki/BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH</a> joint venture (home appliances)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 – Bosch received the 2014 U.S. Smart Partner award for Physical Security from <a href="/wiki/Ingram_Micro" title="Ingram Micro">Ingram Micro Inc.</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015 – Bosch takes over 100% of the shares of the former ZF Lenksysteme (Steering Systems) GmbH joint venture (was 50/50 with <a href="/wiki/ZF_Friedrichshafen" title="ZF Friedrichshafen">ZF Friedrichshafen</a>)</li> <li>2015 – Bosch purchases Seeo, Inc, a start-up working on solid-state lithium-ion batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2020, Bosch funded the creation of a report entitled <i>Decarbonising Road Transport: There Is No Silver Bullet</i>, which contained disputed information about the environmental performance of <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, Volkswagen filed a $1.2 billion class-action against Bosch and <a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental AG</a> in the United States after VW was forced to reduce production due to a lack of automotive microchips.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 26, 2021, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed that Bosch won on all claims.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2020, Bosch Packaging Technology became Syntegon.<sup id="cite_ref-syntegon.com_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syntegon.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2021, Bosch christened its newly built semiconductor manufacturing plant in which it invested $1.2 billion, its largest-ever spending on a single project.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, Bosch announced to acquire Five.ai, an autonomous driving startup.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>in April 2022, Bosch announced it had acquired the <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>-based MEMS micro speaker producer, Arioso Systems. The company will form part of Bosch Sensortec GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2022, Bosch said the company is looking to invest approximately 3 billion euros into its semiconductor chip production and R&D over the next four years. They will be opening two new facilities for manufacturing a computer chip development in the cities of Dresden and Reutlingen. Chairman Stefan Hartung said the company is not interested in building cutting-edge semiconductor facilities but focuses on 40 and 200-nanometer chips used in the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, it was announced Bosch had completed the acquisition of the <a href="/wiki/Roseville,_California" title="Roseville, California">Roseville</a>-headquartered <a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">silicon carbide</a> (SiC) power device manufacturer, TSI Semiconductors.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2024, Bosch announced the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Controls" title="Johnson Controls">Johnson Controls</a>' heating and air conditioning operations for $8 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Role_in_emission_cheating_software">Role in emission cheating software</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Role in emission cheating software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> executives asked Bosch for help in developing software for their emission defeat devices. Volkswagen is one of Bosch's biggest customers. Volkswagen engineers provided detailed specifications to Bosch, which wrote the necessary code. Bosch was apparently concerned about the legality of the software and asked Volkswagen to assume responsibility if the fraud was discovered, but Volkswagen refused.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 2008, Bosch supplied approximately 17 million motor control and mixture control devices containing illegal software to various manufacturers both domestically and globally. With such software, the automobiles fitted with Bosch's devices emitted more nitrogen oxides than allowed under regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-forbesdieselgate_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbesdieselgate-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eurodiesel_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurodiesel-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 February 2017, Bosch agreed to pay consumers in the United States $327.5 million as compensation for its role in devising the software.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bosch also provided emissions software for Fiat Chrysler's <a href="/wiki/List_of_VM_Motori_engines#A_630_DOHC" title="List of VM Motori engines">3.0 L V6 diesel engine</a> used in 100,000 model year 2014–2016 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee" title="Jeep Grand Cherokee">Grand Cherokee</a> SUVs and <a href="/wiki/Ram_Trucks" title="Ram Trucks">Ram Trucks</a> and agreed to pay affected consumers $27.5 million as part of a broader settlement in January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2019, Bosch paid another <span class="nowrap">$100 million</span> fine for its connection to the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">Dieselgate</a> scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-forbesdieselgate_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbesdieselgate-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eurodiesel_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurodiesel-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of Bosch Group businesses are grouped into the following four business sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_Today_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch_Today-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_technology">Industrial technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Industrial technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2019 business year, the Industrial Technology business sector generated roughly 10 percent of total Bosch Group sales.<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sector includes the <a href="/wiki/Bosch_Rexroth" title="Bosch Rexroth">Drive and Control Technology division</a>, whose products include customized drive, control, and linear motion for factory automation, plant construction and engineering, and mobile machinery. </p><p>The second division, Packaging Technology, provides process and packaging for the pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs industries. Its range includes stand-alone machines, systems, and services. In the early 2000s, it was portrayed as the world’s No. 1 company for <a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">packaging technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Bosch decided to look for a new owner for this business. Bosch's in-house provider of assembly systems, Robert Bosch Manufacturing Solutions GmbH, Stuttgart, remains part of the Bosch Group; up to now, it has been part of the Packaging Technology division. </p><p>In addition, the Bosch Connected Industry business unit, which develops software and carries out Industry 4.0 projects for internal and external customers, has been part of the Industrial Technology business sector since the start of 2018. </p><p>In January 2020, Bosch Packaging Technology became Syntegon <sup id="cite_ref-syntegon.com_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syntegon.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mittelmotor_BOSCH.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mittelmotor_BOSCH.jpeg/220px-Mittelmotor_BOSCH.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mittelmotor_BOSCH.jpeg/330px-Mittelmotor_BOSCH.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mittelmotor_BOSCH.jpeg/440px-Mittelmotor_BOSCH.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="2440" /></a><figcaption>Bosch e-bike motor, 2015</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumer_goods">Consumer goods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Consumer goods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Consumer Goods business sector contributed some 23 percent of total Bosch Group sales in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its Power Tools division is a supplier of power tools, power tool accessories, and measuring technology. In addition to power tools such as <a href="/wiki/Hammer_drill" title="Hammer drill">hammer drills</a>, cordless screwdrivers, and <a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(power_tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigsaw (power tool)">jigsaws</a>, its products also include gardening equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Lawn_mower" title="Lawn mower">lawnmowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedge_trimmer" title="Hedge trimmer">hedge trimmers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pressure_washing" title="Pressure washing">high-pressure cleaners</a>. One of the division's focal points is convenient, high-performance cordless tools, and increasingly also web-enabled tools and services. </p><p>Overlapping with its mobility interests, it provides traction motors for <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric bicycles">electric bicycles</a> with sophisticated control systems. </p><p>The Consumer Goods business sector also includes <a href="/wiki/BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">BSH Hausgeräte</a> GmbH, which offers a broad range of modern, energy-efficient, and increasingly connected household appliances. Its products range from washing machines and tumble dryers through refrigerators and freezers, stoves and ovens, and dishwashers, to small appliances such as <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner" title="Vacuum cleaner">vacuum cleaners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coffeemaker" title="Coffeemaker">coffee makers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Food_processor" title="Food processor">food processors</a>. </p><p>Brands in this sector include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dremel" title="Dremel">Dremel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> (under licence)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructa-Neff" title="Constructa-Neff">Constructa-Neff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaggenau_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="Gaggenau Hausgeräte">Gaggenau Hausgeräte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermador" title="Thermador">Thermador</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_and_building_technology">Energy and building technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Energy and building technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BoschCCTV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BoschCCTV.jpg/220px-BoschCCTV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BoschCCTV.jpg/330px-BoschCCTV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BoschCCTV.jpg/440px-BoschCCTV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A CCTV camera manufactured by Bosch</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2019, the Energy and Building Technology business sector generated 7 percent of total Bosch Group sales.<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its Building Technologies division (formerly Security Systems) has two areas of business: the global product business for security and communications, and the regional integrator business. The latter offers services for building security, energy efficiency, and building automation in selected countries. Both units focus on commercial applications. The products encompass video surveillance, intrusion detection, fire detection, and voice-alarm systems, as well as access control and professional audio and conference systems. </p><p>The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_Thermotechnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosch Thermotechnik (page does not exist)">Thermotechnik GmbH</a></i> Thermotechnology division offers systems for <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a>, hot water, and decentralized energy management. It provides heating systems and energy management for residential buildings, water heaters, and commercial and industrial heating and air-conditioning systems. </p><p>The Bosch Global Service Solutions division offers outsourcing for business processes and services, primarily for customers in the automotive, travel, and logistics industries and in information and communications technology. Within Bosch, it also provides shared-service functions. </p><p>Robert Bosch Smart Home GmbH offers web-enabled, app-controlled products for the home. </p><p>Brands within this sector: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynacord" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynacord">Dynacord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-Voice" title="Electro-Voice">Electro-Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex_Communications" title="Telex Communications">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Bosch" class="mw-redirect" title="Worcester Bosch">Worcester Bosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers" title="Junkers">Junkers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_business_areas">Other business areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other business areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bosch Group also operates in other business areas that are not assigned to a particular sector.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosch_Today_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosch_Today-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bosch Healthcare Solutions GmbH is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH. The subsidiary was established in 2015. The business offers products and services in the area of healthcare and medical technology.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2020, Bosch Healthcare Solutions announced that it has developed a diagnostic tool for detecting the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronavirus</a> <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> responsible for the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in under three hours. According to Bosch, the test can be performed directly at the point of care, eliminating the need to transport samples.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grow Platform GmbH is the legal entity of Grow and a 100% subsidiary of the Bosch corporation. Grow is an internal start-up incubator. </p><p>Robert Bosch Venture Capital GmbH (Rbvc, also known as Bosch Ventures) is the corporate venture capital company of the Bosch Group. RBVC invests worldwide in innovative <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">start-up companies</a>. Its investment activities focus on technology companies working in areas of business of current and future relevance for Bosch, above all, automation and electrification, energy efficiency, enabling technologies, and healthcare systems. RBVC also invests in services and business models as well as new materials that are relevant to the above-mentioned areas of business.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations">Locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosch_Headquarter_Stuttgart.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bosch_Headquarter_Stuttgart.JPG/220px-Bosch_Headquarter_Stuttgart.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bosch_Headquarter_Stuttgart.JPG/330px-Bosch_Headquarter_Stuttgart.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bosch_Headquarter_Stuttgart.JPG/440px-Bosch_Headquarter_Stuttgart.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2145" data-file-height="1593" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Gerlingen" title="Gerlingen">Gerlingen</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosch_Feuerbach_IT_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bosch_Feuerbach_IT_Campus.jpg/220px-Bosch_Feuerbach_IT_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bosch_Feuerbach_IT_Campus.jpg/330px-Bosch_Feuerbach_IT_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bosch_Feuerbach_IT_Campus.jpg/440px-Bosch_Feuerbach_IT_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4449" data-file-height="2966" /></a><figcaption>IT campus in Stuttgart-Feuerbach, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>Through a complex network of over 468 subsidiaries and regional entities, the company operates in over 60 countries worldwide. Including sales and service partners, Bosch's global manufacturing, engineering, and sales network covers nearly every country in the world. At 125 locations across the globe, Bosch employs roughly 90,100 associates in research and development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_operations">British operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: British operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, Bosch has its corporate head office in <a href="/wiki/Denham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Denham, Buckinghamshire">Denham, Buckinghamshire</a>, and employs circa. 5,200 people. There are also around 40 other Bosch Group locations throughout the country, including <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenrothes" title="Glenrothes">Glenrothes</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Neots" title="St Neots">St Neots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stowmarket" title="Stowmarket">Stowmarket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alongside sales and support functions for all Bosch business sectors in the region, the company also manufactures boiler systems, mobile hydraulics, as well as packaging machinery alongside lawn and garden products in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2019, Bosch opened its London Connectory, a <a href="/wiki/Shoreditch" title="Shoreditch">Shoreditch</a>-based "co-innovation space" open to partners from the public, private, and academic sectors, from start-ups to multinational organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_operations">North American operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: North American operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bosch_Ltda_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_Bosch_Ltda_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Robert_Bosch_Ltda_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_Bosch_Ltda_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Robert_Bosch_Ltda_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_Bosch_Ltda_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Robert_Bosch_Ltda_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption>Company headquarters in Latin America located in Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>In North America, Robert Bosch LLC (a wholly owned Bosch subsidiary) has corporate headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills, Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth, Michigan</a> . Three Research Technology Centers are located in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale, California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlBosch_-_Bosch_Research_and_Technology_Center_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlBosch_-_Bosch_Research_and_Technology_Center-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factories and distribution facilities are located in <a href="/wiki/Mt._Prospect,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Prospect, Illinois">Mt. Prospect, Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Estates,_Illinois" title="Hoffman Estates, Illinois">Hoffman Estates, Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Broadview,_Illinois" title="Broadview, Illinois">Broadview, Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kentwood,_Michigan" title="Kentwood, Michigan">Kentwood, Michigan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren, Michigan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Owatonna,_Minnesota" title="Owatonna, Minnesota">Owatonna, Minnesota</a>; <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham, Massachusetts</a>; <a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Tennessee" title="Clarksville, Tennessee">Clarksville, Tennessee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anderson,_South_Carolina" title="Anderson, South Carolina">Anderson, South Carolina</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_Bern,_North_Carolina" title="New Bern, North Carolina">New Bern, North Carolina</a>; and 11 other cities. There are also two corporate sites in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and ten in Mexico. A central purchasing office for all divisions of Bosch Group is located in Broadview, Illinois. In North America, Bosch employs about 24,750 people in 80 locations, generating $8.8 billion in sales in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2015, Bosch Security Systems opened its newly constructed distribution center in <a href="/wiki/Greer,_South_Carolina" title="Greer, South Carolina">Greer, South Carolina</a>. The distribution center adds more than 50 new associates in the state and will receive, store and ship more than 50,000 different products for video surveillance, intrusion and fire detection, access control and management systems and professional audio and conference systems.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Bosch launched its first co-creation IoT innovation space in the world, the Connectory. A partnership with <a href="/wiki/1871_(company)" title="1871 (company)">1871</a>, it is located within the <a href="/wiki/Merchandise_Mart" title="Merchandise Mart">Merchandise Mart</a> in downtown <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_operations">Indian operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Indian operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bosch entered India in 1922, when Illies & Company set up a sales office in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>. For three decades, the company operated in the Indian market only through imports. In 1951, the Motor Industries Company Ltd. (MICO) was founded, with Bosch instantly buying 49% of its stock. MICO became the sole distributor and, after the Indian state implemented restrictive import regulations, a factory was set up at Adugodi, Bangalore in 1953, to manufacture various products with Bosch licensing. From this point onward, vocational training took place as well, culminating in the creation of a Vocational Centre in 1960. By 1961, 2,000 people worked at the Bangalore plant, which had already started an export business, and 57.5% of MICO shares had been bought by Bosch. This was followed by increased investments into MICO plants in India in the late 1960s and early 1970s; a second plant was installed in Nasik in 1969–1971, and a third in Naganathapura in 1988. In the late 1980s, the second-largest contingent of Bosch employees outside of Germany was based in India until eventually, in 2008, MICO was renamed Bosch Limited.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bosch India has a turnover of over US$3 billion and over 31,000 employees spread across 10 locations and 7 application development centers. Approximately 84% of Bosch India revenues come from its automotive business, with the remaining 16% split between its non-automotive businesses that include packaging, energy and building, power tools, and consumer retail.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bosch also has R&D facilities in <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India. This is Bosch's largest R&D operation outside its home market of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-LiveMint_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiveMint-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2014, Bosch announced the launch of a locally developed <a href="/wiki/Eyewash" title="Eyewash">eye-irrigation fluid</a> in India. The company's new eye screening and detection system offers a combination of hardware and software and provides affordable eye care. </p><p>Bosch India is listed on the Indian <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchanges</a> and has a <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of over US$12 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Bosch's engineering and software arm Robert Bosch Engineering and Business Solutions (abbreviated as RBEI), changed its name to Bosch Global Software Technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Joint_ventures">Joint ventures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Joint ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BSH_Hausgeräte"><span id="BSH_Hausger.C3.A4te"></span>BSH Hausgeräte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: BSH Hausgeräte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">BSH Hausgeräte</a></div> <p>BSH Hausgeräte GmbH, in which Bosch acquired all shares in 2014, is one of the world's top three companies in the household appliances industry. In Germany and <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, BSH is the market leader. It includes the principal brand names <i>Bosch</i> and <i>Siemens</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gaggenau_Hausger%C3%A4te_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaggenau Hausgeräte GmbH">Gaggenau</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Balay_(Spanish_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balay (Spanish company)">Balay</a></i>, <i>Neff</i>, <i>Thermador</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Constructa_(company)" title="Constructa (company)">Constructa</a></i>, <i>Viva</i> and <i>Ufesa</i> brands, and further six regional brands. Bosch household appliances for the North American market are mainly manufactured at its factory near <a href="/wiki/New_Bern,_North_Carolina" title="New Bern, North Carolina">New Bern, North Carolina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EM-motive">EM-motive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: EM-motive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler AG</a> and Bosch established a 50:50 joint venture (JV) to develop and manufacture electric motors in 2011. The JV, called EM-motive GmbH, manufactures traction motors for electric, fuel cell and extended-range vehicles at a facility in Hildesheim, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 Bosch acquired the remaining shares and assumed full control of the company.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purolator_filters">Purolator filters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Purolator filters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bosch co-owned <a href="/wiki/Purolator_Filters" title="Purolator Filters">Purolator Filters</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> with Mann+Hummel until 2013. In 2013 the Mann+Hummel Group acquired Bosch's stake.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SB_LiMotive">SB LiMotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: SB LiMotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SB_LiMotive" title="SB LiMotive">SB LiMotive</a></div> <p>In June 2008 Bosch formed SB LiMotive, a 50:50 joint company with <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung SDI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company held a ceremony for a 28.000 m<sup>2</sup> lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing plant in September 2009 and it is scheduled to start production for <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">hybrid vehicles</a> in 2011 and for <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a> in 2012. The plant will generate 1,000 jobs in <a href="/wiki/Ulsan" title="Ulsan">Ulsan</a>, Korea in addition to the 500 employees in Korea, Germany, and the United States. SB LiMotive was officially ended in September 2012 with both companies focusing on automotive batteries alone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Static_ADAS_Calibration">Static ADAS Calibration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Static ADAS Calibration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2020, Bosch and <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_International" title="Mitchell International">Mitchell International</a> paired up to develop the MD-500, a wireless tablet that repair planners can use to link directly to OEM repair procedures from Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs), automatically upload pre-scan and post-scans, and write estimates and calibration reports. Bosch and Mitchell launched the MD-TS21, a target system that permits repair facilities to quickly and accurately calibrate blind-spot monitors, front-facing camera, and radar sensors in automobile models with <a href="/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced driver-assistance systems">ADAS</a>, in February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Numbers need to be updated.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Robert Bosch GmbH, including its wholly owned subsidiaries, is unusual in that it is an extremely large, privately owned corporation that is almost entirely (92%) owned by a charitable foundation. Thus, while most of the profits are invested back into the corporation to build for the future and sustain growth, nearly all of the profits distributed to shareholders are devoted to humanitarian causes. </p> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Bosch family<br />8% ownership<br />7% of total votes</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Robert Bosch Stiftung<br />GmbH<br />92% ownership<br />no voting rights</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Robert Bosch<br />Industrietreuhand KG<br />0.01% ownership<br />93% of total votes</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Robert Bosch GmbH<br />Capital funds: 1.2 billion Euro</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <p>As shown in the diagram above, the <i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_Stiftung" title="Robert Bosch Stiftung">Robert Bosch Stiftung</a></i> (<i>Robert Bosch Foundation</i>) holds 92% of the <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> of <i>Robert Bosch GmbH</i>, but no voting rights. The <i>Robert Bosch Industrietreuhand KG</i> (<i>Robert Bosch Industrial <a href="/wiki/Trust_company" title="Trust company">Trust</a> <a href="/wiki/Kommanditgesellschaft" title="Kommanditgesellschaft">KG</a></i>), with old members of the company management, agents of the Bosch family, and other eminent people from the industry (such as Jürgen Hambrecht, CEO of <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a>), have 93% of the votes, but no shares (0.01%). The remaining 8% of shares and 7%<sup id="cite_ref-YFbosch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YFbosch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of voting rights are held by the descendants of the company founder Robert Bosch.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bosch invests 9% of its revenue on research and development, nearly double the industry average of 4.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2022, German engineering firm Bosch faced allegations of violating European Union sanctions against Russia after Ukrainian authorities reported finding Bosch components in Russian military vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2024, the Russian government placed Bosch's Russian subsidiary under the temporary management of a Gazprom entity, citing responses to Western hostilities.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, reports have surfaced indicating that Bosch, along with other companies, has been selling appliances intended for the Ukrainian market in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_practices_and_initiatives">Environmental practices and initiatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Environmental practices and initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2019, Bosch said it planned to be "fully <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon-neutral</a>” by 2020 by investing in clean electricity and a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_offset" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon offset">carbon offset</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnership_with_universities">Partnership with universities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Partnership with universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bosch has formed a strategic alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Johannes Bähr, Paul Erker: <i>Bosch – Geschichte eines Weltunternehmens</i>.<i>(Bosch – The Story of a global company).</i> <a href="/wiki/C._H._Beck" title="C. H. Beck">C.H. Beck Verlag</a>, Munich 2013 in German</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Annual_Report_2023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2023_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/our_figures/pdf/bosch-annual-report-2023.pdf">"Annual Report 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Robert Bosch GmbH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502132216/http://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/our_figures/pdf/bosch-annual-report-2023.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2023&rft.pub=Robert+Bosch+GmbH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.bosch.com%2Fmedia%2Fglobal%2Fbosch_group%2Four_figures%2Fpdf%2Fbosch-annual-report-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YFbosch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YFbosch_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YFbosch_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/41/41437.html">"Robert Bosch GmbH Company Profile"</a>. Yahoo! Finance.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Bosch+GmbH+Company+Profile&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+Finance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiz.yahoo.com%2Fic%2F41%2F41437.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Annual_Report_2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2020_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331131046/https://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/our_figures/pdf/bosch-annual-report-2020.pdf">"Annual Report 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Robert Bosch GmbH. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/our_figures/pdf/bosch-annual-report-2020.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2020&rft.pub=Robert+Bosch+GmbH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.bosch.com%2Fmedia%2Fglobal%2Fbosch_group%2Four_figures%2Fpdf%2Fbosch-annual-report-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180523095844/https://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/our_figures/pdf/bosch-today-2018.pdf">"Bosch Today 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bosch Global</i>. 22 May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/our_figures/pdf/bosch-today-2018.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bosch+Global&rft.atitle=Bosch+Today+2018&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.bosch.com%2Fmedia%2Fglobal%2Fbosch_group%2Four_figures%2Fpdf%2Fbosch-today-2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheiner2019" class="citation book cs1">Theiner, Peter (15 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d0i9DwAAQBAJ"><i>Robert Bosch: An Entrepreneur in an Age of Extremes</i></a>. C.H. Beck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-74146-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-74146-3"><bdi>978-3-406-74146-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Bosch%3A+An+Entrepreneur+in+an+Age+of+Extremes&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft.isbn=978-3-406-74146-3&rft.aulast=Theiner&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd0i9DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bosch.com/stories/1886-1905-from-first-workshop-to-factory/">"The beginnings 1886–1905"</a>. Bosch Global. Robert Bosch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+beginnings+1886%E2%80%931905&rft.pub=Robert+Bosch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bosch.com%2Fstories%2F1886-1905-from-first-workshop-to-factory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosch-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosch_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBährErker2015" class="citation book cs1">Bähr, Johannes; Erker, Paul (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.17104/9783406683602"><i>Bosch</i></a>. C.H. Beck. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17104%2F9783406683602">10.17104/9783406683602</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-68360-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-68360-2"><bdi>978-3-406-68360-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosch&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17104%2F9783406683602&rft.isbn=978-3-406-68360-2&rft.aulast=B%C3%A4hr&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft.au=Erker%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.17104%2F9783406683602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2014" class="citation web cs1">Heller, Michael (12 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131171817/https://www.translatetheweb.com/?from=&to=en&dl=en&ref=trb&a=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.stuttgarter-zeitung.de%252Finhalt.unternehmen-im-dritten-reich-robert-bosch-und-der-doppelte-spagat.dd553a40-57df-4ae8-a88d-3a46b7106081.html">"Companies in the Third Reich: Robert Bosch and the double balancing act"</a>. <i>stuttgarter-zeitung.de</i>. Stuttgarter-Zeitung. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.translatetheweb.com/?from=&to=en&dl=en&ref=trb&a=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.stuttgarter-zeitung.de%252Finhalt.unternehmen-im-dritten-reich-robert-bosch-und-der-doppelte-spagat.dd553a40-57df-4ae8-a88d-3a46b7106081.html">the original</a> on 31 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2020</span>. <q>Many forced laborers worked at the Bosch plants. Bähr and Erker estimate the total number at 20,000 forced laborers, including 1,200 concentration camp inmates. At the end of 1944, the share of forced labourers in the workforce was around 33 percent; in the whole of German industry it was about 25 percent in August 1944. It cannot be said that the forced laborers at Bosch fared better than elsewhere. Especially in the factories far from Stuttgart, such as in Kleinmachnow near Berlin or in Langenbielau (Bielawa) in Silesia, there were attacks. 'The Russian workers and prisoners of war were subjected to arbitrary acts and denunciations contrary to all the principles of the company, and concentration camp prisoners were brutally abused at the Langenbielau plant,' the historians write.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stuttgarter-zeitung.de&rft.atitle=Companies+in+the+Third+Reich%3A+Robert+Bosch+and+the+double+balancing+act&rft.date=2014-01-12&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.translatetheweb.com%2F%3Ffrom%3D%26to%3Den%26dl%3Den%26ref%3Dtrb%26a%3Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.stuttgarter-zeitung.de%25252Finhalt.unternehmen-im-dritten-reich-robert-bosch-und-der-doppelte-spagat.dd553a40-57df-4ae8-a88d-3a46b7106081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.mcmaster.ca/archives/virtualmuseum/mod1-3.html">"The Virtual Museum of the Holocaust and the Resistance – Irena Matusiak: Cookbooks and diaries"</a>. <i>library.mcmaster.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.mcmaster.ca&rft.atitle=The+Virtual+Museum+of+the+Holocaust+and+the+Resistance+%E2%80%93+Irena+Matusiak%3A+Cookbooks+and+diaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.mcmaster.ca%2Farchives%2Fvirtualmuseum%2Fmod1-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergerson2004" class="citation book cs1">Bergerson, Andrew Stuart (14 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rGTL30QmPhsC&pg=PA218"><i>Ordinary Germans in Extraordinary Times: The Nazi Revolution in Hildesheim</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-11123-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-11123-4"><bdi>978-0-253-11123-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordinary+Germans+in+Extraordinary+Times%3A+The+Nazi+Revolution+in+Hildesheim&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004-10-14&rft.isbn=978-0-253-11123-4&rft.aulast=Bergerson&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrGTL30QmPhsC%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AIRSCIENCE-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AIRSCIENCE_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jJmlcqjKdNkC&pg=PA48"><i>Air Science: Introduction to aviation</i></a>. Montgomery: U.S. Air University, Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps. 1953. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Science%3A+Introduction+to+aviation&rft.place=Montgomery&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=U.S.+Air+University%2C+Air+Force+Reserve+Officer+Training+Corps&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjJmlcqjKdNkC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span> "Even more poorly dispersed was aircraft magneto production, as the Bosch plant located at Stuttgart produced all the magnetos for the German military machine."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.building.co.uk/philips-csi-sold-to-bosch/1020783.article">Philips CSI sold to Bosch</a>, 12 August 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://process-technology-online.com/top-news/news/100-years-of-innovation-in-the-packaging-industry/">"100 years of innovation in the packaging industry"</a>. <i>Process technology online - Konradin-Verlag Robert Kohlhammer</i>. 7 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Process+technology+online+-+Konradin-Verlag+Robert+Kohlhammer&rft.atitle=100+years+of+innovation+in+the+packaging+industry&rft.date=2006-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprocess-technology-online.com%2Ftop-news%2Fnews%2F100-years-of-innovation-in-the-packaging-industry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosch" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Bosch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bosch-completes-acquisition-of-spx-corporations-service-solutions-business-181982761.html">"Bosch completes acquisition of SPX Corporation's Service Solutions business"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bosch+completes+acquisition+of+SPX+Corporation%27s+Service+Solutions+business&rft.au=Bosch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fbosch-completes-acquisition-of-spx-corporations-service-solutions-business-181982761.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/spxservice-robertbosch-antitrust-idUSL1E8MQ1FJ20121126">"FTC approves Bosch buy of SPX Service Solutions, with conditions"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 26 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=FTC+approves+Bosch+buy+of+SPX+Service+Solutions%2C+with+conditions&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fspxservice-robertbosch-antitrust-idUSL1E8MQ1FJ20121126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europe.autonews.com/article/20120111/ANE/301109737/bosch-sells-brake-unit-to-kps-capital-partners">"Bosch sells brake unit to KPS Capital Partners"</a>. <i>Automotive News Europe</i>. 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Automotive+News+Europe&rft.atitle=Bosch+sells+brake+unit+to+KPS+Capital+Partners&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurope.autonews.com%2Farticle%2F20120111%2FANE%2F301109737%2Fbosch-sells-brake-unit-to-kps-capital-partners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosch-redbend-idUSKBN0GJ1B320140819">Bosch in talks to buy Israel's Red Bend Software</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, 20 August 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.siemens.com/press/pool/de/pressemitteilungen/2014/corporate/AXX20140968e.pdf">[1]</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germany+probes+possible+exports+of+dual-use+goods+by+Bosch+%E2%80%93+Spiegel&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fgermany-probes-possible-exports-dual-use-goods-by-bosch-spiegel-2022-03-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unn.ua/en/news/putin-transferred-ariston-and-bosch-assets-in-russia-to-gazprom">"Putin transferred Ariston and Bosch assets in Russia to Gazprom | УНН"</a>. <i>unn.ua</i>. 4 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unn.ua&rft.atitle=Putin+transferred+Ariston+and+Bosch+assets+in+Russia+to+Gazprom+%7C+%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%9D&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funn.ua%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fputin-transferred-ariston-and-bosch-assets-in-russia-to-gazprom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mind.ua/en/news/20274263-bosch-delonghi-and-philips-sell-appliances-made-for-ukraine-in-russia-kommersant">"Bosch, Delonghi and Philips sell appliances made for Ukraine in Russia - Kommersant"</a>. <i>Mind.ua</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mind.ua&rft.atitle=Bosch%2C+Delonghi+and+Philips+sell+appliances+made+for+Ukraine+in+Russia+-+Kommersant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmind.ua%2Fen%2Fnews%2F20274263-bosch-delonghi-and-philips-sell-appliances-made-for-ukraine-in-russia-kommersant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2019" class="citation news cs1">McGee, Patrick (9 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/da91dabe-723d-11e9-bbfb-5c68069fbd15">"Bosch says it will be carbon-neutral in 2020"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/da91dabe-723d-11e9-bbfb-5c68069fbd15">the original</a></span> on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Bosch+says+it+will+be+carbon-neutral+in+2020&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fda91dabe-723d-11e9-bbfb-5c68069fbd15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarmstadt" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Darmstadt, Technische Universität. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tu-darmstadt.de/wissenstransfer/kooperation_mit_unternehmen/formen_der_zusammenarbeit/strategische_partnerschaften_2/index.de.jsp">"Strategische Partnerschaften"</a>. <i>Technische Universität Darmstadt</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technische+Universit%C3%A4t+Darmstadt&rft.atitle=Strategische+Partnerschaften&rft.aulast=Darmstadt&rft.aufirst=Technische+Universit%C3%A4t&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tu-darmstadt.de%2Fwissenstransfer%2Fkooperation_mit_unternehmen%2Fformen_der_zusammenarbeit%2Fstrategische_partnerschaften_2%2Findex.de.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosch+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bosch538" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bosch" title="Template:Bosch"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bosch" title="Template talk:Bosch"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bosch" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bosch"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bosch538" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosch</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Divisions and<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">BSH Hausgeräte</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gaggenau_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="Gaggenau Hausgeräte">Gaggenau</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Constructa-Neff" title="Constructa-Neff">NEFF</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Balay" title="Balay">Balay</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pitsos" title="Pitsos">Pitsos</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosch_Rexroth" title="Bosch Rexroth">Bosch Rexroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosch_Security_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosch Security Systems">Bosch Security Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosch_Solar_Energy" title="Bosch Solar Energy">Bosch Solar Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dremel" title="Dremel">Dremel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETAS" title="ETAS">ETAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Bosch_Group" title="Worcester, Bosch Group">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zexel" title="Zexel">Zexel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Former and defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaupunkt" title="Blaupunkt">Blaupunkt</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernseh" title="Fernseh">Fernseh</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indramat" title="Indramat">Indramat</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas_Consoles" title="Midas Consoles">Midas Consoles</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIBA_Elektrik_G.m.b.H" title="SIBA Elektrik G.m.b.H">SIBA Elektrik</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skil" title="Skil">Skil</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex_Communications" title="Telex Communications">Telex Communications</a>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bosch-logo.svg/170px-Bosch-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bosch-logo.svg/255px-Bosch-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bosch-logo.svg/340px-Bosch-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="97" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Joint ventures and<br />shareholdings (any<br />of these are no longer<br />in existence)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Television_Systems_Inc." title="Broadcast Television Systems Inc.">Broadcast Television Systems</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernseh" title="Fernseh">Fernseh</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JECS" title="JECS">Japan Electronic Control System</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB_LiMotive" title="SB LiMotive">SB LiMotive</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(50% with <a href="/wiki/Samsung_SDI" title="Samsung SDI">Samsung SDI</a>, disbanded)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_S40" title="Siemens S40">Bosch 1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digifant_engine_management_system" title="Digifant engine management system">Digifant engine management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetronic" title="Jetronic">Jetronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motronic" title="Motronic">Motronic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Bosch" title="Anna Bosch">Anna Bosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch">Robert Bosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_Jr." title="Robert Bosch Jr.">Robert Bosch Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Fehrenbach" title="Franz Fehrenbach">Franz Fehrenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Honold" title="Gottlob Honold">Gottlob Honold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosch-Halle" title="Bosch-Halle">Bosch-Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerlingen" title="Gerlingen">Gerlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert-Bosch-Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert-Bosch-Hospital">Robert-Bosch-Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_Foundation_Fellowship_Program" title="Robert Bosch Foundation Fellowship Program">Robert Bosch Foundation Fellowship Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_reactive-ion_etching#Bosch_process" title="Deep reactive-ion etching">Bosch process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_Stiftung" title="Robert Bosch Stiftung">Robert Bosch Stiftung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">¹Now integrated into other Bosch divisions or business groupings ²Sold </span> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bosch_(company)" title="Category:Bosch (company)">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert Bosch GmbH"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_tool_manufacturers28" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tool_manufacturers" title="Template:Power tool manufacturers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Power_tool_manufacturers" title="Template talk:Power tool manufacturers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Power_tool_manufacturers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Power tool manufacturers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_tool_manufacturers28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">Power tool</a> manufacturers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altendorf_GmbH" title="Altendorf GmbH">Altendorf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dremel" title="Dremel">Dremel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einhell" title="Einhell">Einhell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emak" title="Emak">Emak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Electric_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerson Electric Company">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fein_(company)" title="Fein (company)">Fein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festool" title="Festool">Festool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flex-Elektrowerkzeuge" title="Flex-Elektrowerkzeuge">Flex-Elektrowerkzeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilti" title="Hilti">Hilti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husqvarna_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Husqvarna AB">Husqvarna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gardena_(company)" title="Gardena (company)">Gardena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonsereds_Fabrikers_AB" title="Jonsereds Fabrikers AB">Jonsered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_Motors_Corporation" title="McCulloch Motors Corporation">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemo_Power_Tools" title="Nemo Power Tools">Nemo Power Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poulan" title="Poulan">Poulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weed_Eater" title="Weed Eater">Weed Eater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apex_Tool_Group" title="Apex Tool Group">Apex Tool Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Tool_Works" title="Illinois Tool Works">Illinois Tool Works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miller_Electric" title="Miller Electric">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paslode" title="Paslode">Paslode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyeyang_Electric" title="Kyeyang Electric">Kyeyang Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafell" title="Mafell">Mafell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makita" title="Makita">Makita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolmar" title="Dolmar">Dolmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAT_Holdings" title="MAT Holdings">MAT Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabo" title="Metabo">Metabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondial_(company)" title="Mondial (company)">Mondial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Tool" title="Oregon Tool">Oregon Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Corporation">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positec" title="Positec">Positec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Tools" title="Rockwell Tools">Rockwell Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WORX" title="WORX">WORX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgid" title="Ridgid">Ridgid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SawStop" title="SawStop">SawStop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheppach_(company)" title="Scheppach (company)">Scheppach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skil" title="Skil">Skil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Black_%26_Decker" title="Stanley Black & Decker">Stanley Black & Decker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black%2BDecker" title="Black+Decker">Black+Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bostitch" title="Bostitch">Bostitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craftsman_(tools)" title="Craftsman (tools)">Craftsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cub_Cadet" title="Cub Cadet">Cub Cadet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWalt" title="DeWalt">DeWalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tools" title="Mac Tools">Mac Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTD_Holdings" title="MTD Holdings">MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter-Cable" title="Porter-Cable">Porter-Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidchrome" title="Sidchrome">Sidchrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiga" title="Stiga">Stiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stihl" title="Stihl">Stihl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techtronic_Industries" title="Techtronic Industries">Techtronic Industries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEG_(German_company)" title="AEG (German company)">AEG Electric Tools (under license)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelite_Corporation" title="Homelite Corporation">Homelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Electric_Tool_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryobi" title="Ryobi">Ryobi power tools (under license)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamabiko_Corporation" title="Yamabiko Corporation">Yamabiko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_Germany180" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_Germany180" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Automotive industry in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Economy of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Germany" title="Transport in Germany">Transport in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Germany" title="Category:Automotive companies of Germany">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Active <br />vehicle <br />producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artega_Automobile" title="Artega Automobile">Artega Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Buses" title="Daimler Buses">Daimler Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setra" title="Setra">Setra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaris" title="Elaris">Elaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krauss-Maffei_Wegmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Krauss-Maffei Wegmann">Krauss-Maffei Wegmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdera" title="Isdera">Isdera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_(marque)" title="Smart (marque)">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybach" title="Maybach">Maybach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoplan" title="Neoplan">Neoplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiesmann">Wiesmann</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Foreign_owned13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Ford of Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Germany" title="Ford Germany">Ford-Werke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magirus" title="Magirus">Magirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Europe" title="Hyundai Motor Europe">Hyundai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany#Former_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Defunct <br />vehicle <br />producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adler_(cars_and_motorcycle)" title="Adler (cars and motorcycle)">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Automobilwerk Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijah_Automotive" title="Baijah Automotive">Baijah Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_(automobiles)" title="Beaufort (automobiles)">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward" title="Borgward">Borgward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward_Group" title="Borgward Group">Borgward Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennabor" title="Brennabor">Brennabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCtsch" title="Brütsch">Brütsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCssing" title="Büssing">Büssing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelsbrunner_Automobile_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Edelsbrunner Automobile München">Edelsbrunner Automobile München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehrhardt-Szawe" title="Ehrhardt-Szawe">Ehrhardt-Szawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">Eisenacher Motorenwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuldamobil" title="Fuldamobil">Fuldamobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggomobil" title="Goggomobil">Goggomobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_(company)" title="Goliath (company)">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutbrod" title="Gutbrod">Gutbrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanomag#Cars" title="Hanomag">Hanomag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansa (car)">Hansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersting-Modellbauwerkst%C3%A4tten" title="Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten">Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleinschnittger" title="Kleinschnittger">Kleinschnittger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BChlstein" title="Kühlstein">Kühlstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loremo" title="Loremo">Loremo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markranst%C3%A4dter_Automobilfabrik" title="Markranstädter Automobilfabrik">Markranstädter Automobilfabrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurer-Union" title="Maurer-Union">Maurer-Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Automobil_Gesellschaft" title="Neue Automobil Gesellschaft">Neue Automobil Gesellschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Automobile_and_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="North German Automobile and Engine">North German Automobile and Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protos_of_Nonnendamm" title="Protos of Nonnendamm">Protos of Nonnendamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selve" title="Selve">Selve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simson_(company)" title="Simson (company)">Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steiger_(automobile_company)" title="Steiger (automobile company)">Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoewer" title="Stoewer">Stoewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(automobile)" title="Tempo (automobile)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)" title="Veritas (automobile)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderer (car)">Wanderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp" title="Zündapp">Zündapp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATR_(company)" title="ATR (company)">ATR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETAS_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ETAS Group">ETAS Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group" title="Dräxlmaier Group">Dräxlmaier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr_Group" title="Dürr Group">Dürr Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eibach_(company)" title="Eibach (company)">Eibach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getrag" title="Getrag">Getrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%26R_(company)" title="H&R (company)">H&R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Peters" title="Hermann Peters">Hermann Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HQM_Sachsenring_GmbH" title="HQM Sachsenring GmbH">HQM Sachsenring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KW_Automotive" title="KW Automotive">KW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6we_Automobil" title="Löwe Automobil">Löwe Automobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_GmbH" title="Mahle GmbH">Mahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_Behr" title="Mahle Behr">Mahle Behr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann%2BHummel" title="Mann+Hummel">Mann+Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petri_AG" title="Petri AG">Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renk" title="Renk">Renk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_Automotive" title="Rheinmetall Automotive">Rheinmetall Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaeffler_Group" title="Schaeffler Group">Schaeffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voith" title="Voith">Voith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Friedrichshafen" title="ZF Friedrichshafen">ZF Friedrichshafen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Sachs" title="ZF Sachs">ZF Sachs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport <br />and<br />tuners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9ff" title="9ff">9ff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abt_Sportsline" title="Abt Sportsline">Abt Sportsline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_Schnitzer" title="AC Schnitzer">AC Schnitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport" title="Schnitzer Motorsport">Schnitzer Motorsport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Performance_and_Racing" title="Audi Performance and Racing">APR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG" title="Mercedes-AMG">AMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBS_Autotechnik" title="BBS Autotechnik">BBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter Cars">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">Brabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsson_(car_company)" title="Carlsson (car company)">Carlsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinan_Cars" title="Dinan Cars">Dinan Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Power" title="G-Power">G-Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemballa" title="Gemballa">Gemballa</a></li> <li>Kleemann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorinser" title="Lorinser">Lorinser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamann_Motorsport" title="Hamann Motorsport">Hamann Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofele-Design" title="Hofele-Design">Hofele-Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWA_Team" title="HWA Team">HWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmscher" title="Irmscher">Irmscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joest_Racing" title="Joest Racing">Joest Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karosserie_Baur" title="Karosserie Baur">Karosserie Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenig_Specials" title="Koenig Specials">Koenig Specials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansory" title="Mansory">Mansory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-Motorsport" title="MK-Motorsport">MK-Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoren_Technik_Mayer" title="Motoren Technik Mayer">Motoren Technik Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitec_Group" title="Novitec Group">Novitec Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel_Performance_Center" title="Opel Performance Center">Opel Performance Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renntech" title="Renntech">Renntech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieger_Tuning" title="Rieger Tuning">Rieger Tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowe_Racing" title="Rowe Racing">Rowe Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a 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Mobility">Mercedes-Benz Mobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Bank" title="Mercedes-Benz Bank">Mercedes-Benz Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixt" title="Sixt">Sixt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verband_der_Automobilindustrie" title="Verband der Automobilindustrie">German Association of the Automotive Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Mobil_International" title="Auto Mobil International">AMI Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Motor Show">Frankfurt Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automechanika" title="Automechanika">Automechanika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationale_Zuliefererb%C3%B6rse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internationale Zuliefererbörse (page does not exist)">IZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_NCAP" title="Euro NCAP">Euro NCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAC" title="ADAC">ADAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems" title="Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems">ASAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%9CV" title="TÜV">TÜV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Masters" title="Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters">DTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring" title="Nürburgring">Nürburgring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234021#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405532276">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142062967">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2019917-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87882278">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12255435s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12255435s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00728541">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Robert Bosch GmbH"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV238676">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Robert Bosch GmbH"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2007248570&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007477246505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031315747">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&oldid=1277275654">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bosch_(company)&oldid=1277275654</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bosch_(company)" title="Category:Bosch (company)">Bosch (company)</a></li><li><a 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