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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy:_Is_the_hallaca_a_tamale?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_and_cultural_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_and_cultural_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Historical and cultural perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_and_cultural_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hallaca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="هالاكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالاكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D8%BA%D8%B0%D8%A7)" title="آیاکا (غذا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آیاکا (غذا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaca" title="Ayaca – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ayaca" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hallaca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaka" title="Alaka – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Alaka" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%8D%A1" title="阿亞卡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿亞卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3085085#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hallaca" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Hallaca"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hallaca" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hallaca" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&oldid=1274773546" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Hallaca</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallacas_con_pan_de_jamon,_plato_Venezuelano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hallacas_con_pan_de_jamon%2C_plato_Venezuelano.jpg/250px-Hallacas_con_pan_de_jamon%2C_plato_Venezuelano.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hallacas_con_pan_de_jamon%2C_plato_Venezuelano.jpg/375px-Hallacas_con_pan_de_jamon%2C_plato_Venezuelano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hallacas_con_pan_de_jamon%2C_plato_Venezuelano.jpg/500px-Hallacas_con_pan_de_jamon%2C_plato_Venezuelano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5733" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Hallaca and <a href="/wiki/Pan_de_jam%C3%B3n" title="Pan de jamón">pan de jamón</a></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Ayaca, hayaca, guanimo, tamal, <a href="/wiki/Guanime" title="Guanime">guanime</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">Dumpling</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region">Latin America</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a> dough or <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> dough, meat (<a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken (food)">chicken</a>), <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caper" title="Caper">capers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcapurrias" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcapurrias">alcapurrias</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hallacas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hallacas">Media: Hallaca</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hallaca</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[aˈʎaka]</a></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[aˈʝaka]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Kijac_2003_p._84_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kijac_2003_p._84-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a traditional Venezuelan dish. Its origin is indigenous, but <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caper" title="Caper">capers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, and sometimes bits of <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a> were added in the 16th Century and after by settlers from the Iberian peninsula. Hallaca consists of corn dough stuffed with a stew of <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chicken_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken (food)">chicken</a> and other ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caper" title="Caper">capers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, fresh onion rings, red and green bell pepper slices. There are vegetarian hallacas, made with black beans or tofu.<sup id="cite_ref-Albala_2011_p._1-PA102_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albala_2011_p._1-PA102-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hallacas are folded in <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)#Plantain_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">plantain leaves</a>, tied with strings, and boiled. The dish is traditionally served during the <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> season and has several regional variants. It has been described as a <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a> of Venezuela. Some speculate it originated from the Orinoquia.<sup id="cite_ref-Kijac_2003_p._84_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kijac_2003_p._84-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Characteristic of the hallaca is the delicate corn dough made with <a href="/wiki/Consomm%C3%A9" title="Consommé">consommé</a> or <a href="/wiki/Broth" title="Broth">broth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a> colored with <a href="/wiki/Annatto" title="Annatto">annatto</a>. Hallacas are also commonly eaten in eastern Cuba,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trinidad where it is called <a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">pastelle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Aruba, and Curaçao. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hallaca is a traditional Venezuelan food known by various names and spread throughout the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> in the Americas as far south as Argentina in the decades following <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">the conquest</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is said to have been invented by slaves during the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-news_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slaves would prepare the Christmas Eve meal for the landowners and with leftover meat they made the hallacas filling for their own Christmas meal. One version of the dish's origin tale has it that the daughter of the landowning family asked to taste the hallacas. She and her family liked the dish so much they requested for it to be made for their dinner party and ever since it has been part of the traditional holiday meal for all classes.<sup id="cite_ref-tribune_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Ernst" title="Adolf Ernst">Adolfo Ernst</a>, the word <i>hallaca</i> evolved from the indigenous arawak, stemming from the verb <i>ayua</i> or <i>ayuar</i>, meaning "to mix or blend". From there, the construction <i>ayuaca</i> (mixed things) devolved to <i>ayaca</i> and ultimately to <i>hayaca</i> or <i>hallaca</i> (using Spanish silent "h" when written). Another version presumes that the word comes from an aboriginal language of the West of the country, whose meaning is "wrapping" or "bojote". The earliest use of the word in the modern sense is in a 1781 document of Italian missionary linguist <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Salvatore_Gilii" title="Filippo Salvatore Gilii">Filippo Salvatore Gilii</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_colores_de_la_Navidad_en_Venezuela_(4179534542).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Los_colores_de_la_Navidad_en_Venezuela_%284179534542%29.jpg/210px-Los_colores_de_la_Navidad_en_Venezuela_%284179534542%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Los_colores_de_la_Navidad_en_Venezuela_%284179534542%29.jpg/315px-Los_colores_de_la_Navidad_en_Venezuela_%284179534542%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Los_colores_de_la_Navidad_en_Venezuela_%284179534542%29.jpg/420px-Los_colores_de_la_Navidad_en_Venezuela_%284179534542%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Filling of the hallacas before being wrapped in the plantain leaves.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hallaca has an elaborate filling.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ingredients differ between regions and families but may include a combination of beef, pork, bacon, lard, onion, sweet pepper, red pepper, scallion, garlic, salt, pepper, oregano, cumin and some type of cooking wine or vinegar. Some versions of the filling include <a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">leeks</a>, Worcestershire sauce, mustard pickles, <a href="/wiki/Panela" title="Panela">panela</a>, or dark brown sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stew is simmered over low heat slowly for several hours.<sup id="cite_ref-tribune_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version from the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Andes" title="Venezuelan Andes">Venezuelan Andes</a> however differs because its meat filling is a <i>guiso crudo</i>, which means it is not pre-cooked.<sup id="cite_ref-gm_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, two islands just off the coast of Falcón state, Venezuela, it is called 'ayaca' or 'ayaka'. The ingredients are pork and chicken stew, or pork or chicken stew, capers, raisins, cashew nuts, bellpepper, pickled baby onions, prunes, and olives. The dough is made from white cornmeal, and the ayaca leaves first spread with lard or oil. Cooked meat and other ingredients are then wrapped in ayaca leaves, tied with string and then boiled for about 2 hours. Flavors in the ayaca vary from family to family, and some add very hot Madam Jeanette peppers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican cuisine</a> the dish is called <i>hayaca</i> and used to be a popular part of the island's cuisine. Unlike the Venezuelan variety, <i>hayaca</i>s from Puerto Rico are made not with maize but with <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>, stock, milk, pork fat cooked with annatto, and banana leaf, and baked in traditional open-wood-fire. They are typically filled with diced <a href="/wiki/Pork_butt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork butt">pork butt</a> braised with <a href="/wiki/Sofrito" title="Sofrito">sofrito</a>, annatto oil (olive oil or lard), olives, capers, chickpeas, raisins, and spices. The liquid is then strained into the masa. Because of the long and elaborate process and skills that it takes to prepare, the hayaca is now rarely available, but is still found, mostly in coastal, family-owned restaurants and other small establishments known as "kioscos" where there are still strong ties to native heritage and classic slow-cooking skills.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The corn dough is similar to a standard <a href="/wiki/Arepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Arepas">arepas</a> dough. Pork fat is melted down with <a href="/wiki/Annatto" title="Annatto">annatto</a> to add color. Corn flour is kneaded together with broth and some soft butter and the cooled pork fat mixture is incorporated to make a soft dough with a golden color. A large <a href="/wiki/Cooking_banana" title="Cooking banana">plantain</a> leaf is greased with vegetable oil and the dough is flattened on the leaf to about a quarter inch thickness . The <i>guiso</i> filling is topped with a combination of onion, pepper, parsley, potatoes, raisins, almonds, chickpeas, capers, green olives, hard boiled eggs and bacon.<sup id="cite_ref-gm_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaf is tied and boiled at a low heat.<sup id="cite_ref-gm_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hallaca can be made in advance and frozen.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plato_Navide%C3%B1o_Venezolano.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Plato_Navide%C3%B1o_Venezolano.JPG/210px-Plato_Navide%C3%B1o_Venezolano.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Plato_Navide%C3%B1o_Venezolano.JPG/315px-Plato_Navide%C3%B1o_Venezolano.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Plato_Navide%C3%B1o_Venezolano.JPG/420px-Plato_Navide%C3%B1o_Venezolano.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Christmas meal in Venezuela with <a href="/wiki/Pan_de_jam%C3%B3n" title="Pan de jamón">pan de jamón</a> and hallacas.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although in the other countries of the region it is eaten any day of the year with the same name but different preparations, Hallaca is a staple of Colombian and Venezuelan <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Schuetz_2009_p._23_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuetz_2009_p._23-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christmas meals in Venezuela would include hallacas, pastries, <a href="/wiki/Pan_de_jam%C3%B3n" title="Pan de jamón">pan de jamón</a> and chicken stew, but not all families have been able to afford them during food <a href="/wiki/Shortages_in_Venezuela" title="Shortages in Venezuela">shortages in Venezuela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, despite <a href="/wiki/Shortages_in_Venezuela" title="Shortages in Venezuela">food shortages affecting the country</a>, the Venezuelan government created a hallaca with a length of around 400 feet, a Guinness World Record.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to Venezuelan tradition, hallacas are popular year-round in Ecuador, and there are several variants across the country's regions. Along with <a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita">humitas</a>, they are a staple of traditional Ecuadorian cuisine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Families usually gather in the morning to prepare the ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy:_Is_the_hallaca_a_tamale?"><span id="Controversy:_Is_the_hallaca_a_tamale.3F"></span>Controversy: Is the hallaca a tamale?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Controversy: Is the hallaca a tamale?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The hallaca is a traditional Colombian and Venezuelan dish primarily consumed during the <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas season</a>. Over time, a debate has emerged surrounding the hallaca, often comparing or confusing it with the tamale, another traditional dish from various Latin American cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some popular narratives suggest that the hallaca might be a derivative or a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">tamale</a>, this claim is contested by several <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chef" title="Chef">chefs</a>. They argue that, although both dishes use corn dough and are cooked wrapped in leaves, hallacas and tamales have distinct differences.<sup id="cite_ref-elestimulo.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elestimulo.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For instance, the hallaca has a singular type of filling and utilizes <a href="/wiki/Cooking_banana" title="Cooking banana">plantain</a> leaves as its wrapper, whereas tamales can have a variety of fillings and can be wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Corn_husk" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn husk">corn husks</a> or plantain leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, tamales can be both sweet and savory, while the hallaca is mainly a savory dish.<sup id="cite_ref-elestimulo.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elestimulo.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_and_cultural_perspective">Historical and cultural perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historical and cultural perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "hallaca" is distinctly Venezuelan, and historical records place it in Venezuela as early as 1538.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the tamale has a pre-Hispanic origin, linked to several indigenous cultures of <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>. </p><p>Venezuelan intellectual <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Uslar_Pietri" title="Arturo Uslar Pietri">Arturo Uslar Pietri</a> pointed out that the history of several centuries of Venezuela can be found reflected in the hallaca.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Uslar_Pietri" title="Arturo Uslar Pietri">Uslar Pietri</a>, the hallaca is a complex dish with an equally intricate origin, merging influences from various cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Venezuelan writer and historian <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Herrera_Luque" title="Francisco Herrera Luque">Francisco Herrera Luque</a> once remarked that comparing the robust hallaca with the tamale is like comparing a llama with a camel.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there are superficial similarities between the hallaca and the tamale, and both dishes reflect the rich history and diversity of their respective cultures, the hallaca is a unique dish with its own history, tradition, and cultural significance in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparing it to the tamale, though common, is seen by many Venezuelans and culinary experts as an oversimplification.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollo" title="Bollo">Bollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamal">Tamales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_dishes" title="List of maize dishes">List of maize dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stuffed_dishes" title="List of stuffed dishes">List of stuffed dishes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallaca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hallacas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hallacas">Hallacas</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kijac_2003_p._84-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kijac_2003_p._84_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kijac_2003_p._84_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKijac2003" class="citation book cs1">Kijac, M.B. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southamericantab00mari"><i>The South American Table: The Flavor and Soul of Authentic Home Cooking from Patagonia to Rio de Janeiro, with 450 Recipes</i></a></span>. NYM Series. Harvard Common Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southamericantab00mari/page/84">84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55832-249-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55832-249-3"><bdi>978-1-55832-249-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+South+American+Table%3A+The+Flavor+and+Soul+of+Authentic+Home+Cooking+from+Patagonia+to+Rio+de+Janeiro%2C+with+450+Recipes&rft.series=NYM+Series&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Harvard+Common+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55832-249-3&rft.aulast=Kijac&rft.aufirst=M.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthamericantab00mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albala_2011_p._1-PA102-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Albala_2011_p._1-PA102_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbala2011" class="citation book cs1">Albala, K. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&pg=RA1-PA102"><i>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</i></a>. Greenwood. p. 1–PA102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37626-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37626-9"><bdi>978-0-313-37626-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Cultures+of+the+World+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=1-PA102&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37626-9&rft.aulast=Albala&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTo6c_PJWRgC%26pg%3DRA1-PA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garth, Hanna 2013 Food and Identity in the Caribbean. London: Bloomsbury.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuza2017" class="citation book cs1">Cuza, Alejandro (15 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_yQ6DwAAQBAJ&q=hallaca+cuba&pg=PR20"><i>Cuban Spanish Dialectology: Variation, Contact, and Change</i></a>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626165113" title="Special:BookSources/9781626165113"><bdi>9781626165113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuban+Spanish+Dialectology%3A+Variation%2C+Contact%2C+and+Change&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft.isbn=9781626165113&rft.aulast=Cuza&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_yQ6DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhallaca%2Bcuba%26pg%3DPR20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caribbeanpot.com/pastelles-a-caribbean-christmas-tradition/">"Pastelles A Caribbean Christmas Tradition"</a>. December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastelles+A+Caribbean+Christmas+Tradition.&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaribbeanpot.com%2Fpastelles-a-caribbean-christmas-tradition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9news.com/article/life/food/recipe-traditional-venezuelan-hallacas/73-f84183d7-89dd-477d-90b4-9dbc0c34cafb">"RECIPE: Traditional Venezuelan hallacas"</a>. <i>9news</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=9news&rft.atitle=RECIPE%3A+Traditional+Venezuelan+hallacas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.9news.com%2Farticle%2Flife%2Ffood%2Frecipe-traditional-venezuelan-hallacas%2F73-f84183d7-89dd-477d-90b4-9dbc0c34cafb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribune-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tribune_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribune_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/naperville-sun/ct-nvs-venezuelan-christmas-family-tradition-st-1220-20171223-story.html">"Three generations gather to carry on Venezuelan Christmas hallacas tradition in Naperville"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 23 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Three+generations+gather+to+carry+on+Venezuelan+Christmas+hallacas+tradition+in+Naperville&rft.date=2017-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fsuburbs%2Fnaperville-sun%2Fct-nvs-venezuelan-christmas-family-tradition-st-1220-20171223-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvard-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvard_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvard_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKijac2003" class="citation book cs1">Kijac, Maria Baez (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southamericantab00mari"><i>The South American Table: The Flavor and Soul of Authentic Home Cooking from Patagonia to Rio de Janeiro, With 450 Recipes</i></a></span>. Harvard Common Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southamericantab00mari/page/84">84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558322493" title="Special:BookSources/9781558322493"><bdi>9781558322493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+South+American+Table%3A+The+Flavor+and+Soul+of+Authentic+Home+Cooking+from+Patagonia+to+Rio+de+Janeiro%2C+With+450+Recipes&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Harvard+Common+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781558322493&rft.aulast=Kijac&rft.aufirst=Maria+Baez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthamericantab00mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuinn2012" class="citation book cs1">Guinn, Jeff (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MIjZCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97"><i>Santa's North Pole Cookbook: Classic Christmas Recipes from Saint Nicholas</i></a>. Penguin Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780399160646" title="Special:BookSources/9780399160646"><bdi>9780399160646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Santa%27s+North+Pole+Cookbook%3A+Classic+Christmas+Recipes+from+Saint+Nicholas&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780399160646&rft.aulast=Guinn&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMIjZCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gm-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gm_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gm_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gm_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quericavida.com/recipes/venezuelan-andean-hallacas/fdcba71c-bac0-437e-8527-d283def35b3e">"Venezuelan Andean Hallacas"</a>. <i>Que Rica Vida</i>. 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Fawcett Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman%27s+Day+Encyclopedia+of+Cookery+%3B+Prepared+and+Edited+by+the+Editors+of+Woman%27s+Day%2C+Volume+11&rft.pub=Fawcett+Publications&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Tighe&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomansdayencyclo11tigh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuetz_2009_p._23-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schuetz_2009_p._23_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuetz2009" class="citation book cs1">Schuetz, K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VOhGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23"><i>Venezuela</i></a>. Exploring Countries. Bellwether Media. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61211-587-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61211-587-0"><bdi>978-1-61211-587-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venezuela&rft.series=Exploring+Countries&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Bellwether+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-61211-587-0&rft.aulast=Schuetz&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVOhGAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/venezuela/article189755384.html">"A homemade Christmas dish is the latest casualty of Venezuela's economic crisis"</a>. <i>Miami Herald</i>. 16 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=A+homemade+Christmas+dish+is+the+latest+casualty+of+Venezuela%27s+economic+crisis&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fvenezuela%2Farticle189755384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/venezuelan-cooks-produce-worlds-largest-hallaca-traditional-savory-christmas-treat">"Venezuelan cooks produce world's largest hallaca, traditional savory Christmas treat"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Venezuelan+cooks+produce+world%27s+largest+hallaca%2C+traditional+savory+Christmas+treat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fvenezuelan-cooks-produce-worlds-largest-hallaca-traditional-savory-christmas-treat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-12-23/venezuelan-christmas-isnt-christmas-without-hallaca">"For this Venezuelan, Christmas isn't Christmas without hallaca"</a>. 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+this+Venezuelan%2C+Christmas+isn%27t+Christmas+without+hallaca&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2016-12-23%2Fvenezuelan-christmas-isnt-christmas-without-hallaca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHallaca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/colombia/2021/12/27/cena-de-fin-de-ano-diferencias-entre-tamales-y-hallacas-y-como-se-preparan/">"New Year's Eve dinner: differences between tamales and hallacas and how they are prepared"</a>. <i>infobae</i> (in European Spanish). 27 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dumplings" title="Template:Dumplings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dumplings" title="Template talk:Dumplings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dumplings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dumplings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dumplings154" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">Dumplings</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_dumplings" title="List of dumplings">List of dumplings</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">American cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_dumpling" title="Apple dumpling">Apple dumpling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_and_dumplings" title="Chicken and dumplings">Chicken and dumplings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_Rangoon" title="Crab Rangoon">Crab Rangoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoephla" title="Knoephla">Knoephla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manapua" title="Manapua">Manapua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poutine_r%C3%A2p%C3%A9e" title="Poutine râpée">Poutine râpée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivels" title="Rivels">Rivels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolinho_de_chuva" title="Bolinho de chuva">Bolinho de chuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapalele" title="Chapalele">Chapalele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corunda" title="Corunda">Corunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuegado" title="Nuegado">Nuegado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamonha" title="Pamonha">Pamonha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantruca" title="Pantruca">Pantruca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrentinos" title="Sorrentinos">Sorrentinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducana" title="Ducana">Ducana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">East Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abacus_seeds" title="Abacus seeds">Abacus seeds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bah-o%C3%A2n" title="Bah-oân">Bah-oân</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baozi" title="Baozi">Baozi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chhau-a-koe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhau-a-koe">Chhau-a-koe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cha_siu_bao" title="Cha siu bao">Cha siu bao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cifantuan" title="Cifantuan">Cifantuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fun_guo" title="Fun guo">Fun guo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Har_gow" title="Har gow">Har gow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hujiao_bing" title="Hujiao bing">Hujiao bing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi" title="Jiaozi">Jiaozi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kibi_dango_(millet_dumpling)" title="Kibi dango (millet dumpling)">Kibi dango</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lo_mai_gai" title="Lo mai gai">Lo mai gai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mantou" title="Mantou">Mantou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Qingtuan" title="Qingtuan">Qingtuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shengjian_mantou" title="Shengjian mantou">Shengjian mantou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AC_(dessert)" title="Sì (dessert)">Sì</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soon_kueh" title="Soon kueh">Soon kueh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shumai" title="Shumai">Shumai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Suanla_chaoshou" class="mw-redirect" title="Suanla chaoshou">Suanla chaoshou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tangbao" title="Tangbao">Tangbao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tangyuan_(food)" title="Tangyuan (food)">Tangyuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Taro_dumpling" title="Taro dumpling">Taro dumpling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wonton" title="Wonton">Wonton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xiaolongbao" title="Xiaolongbao">Xiaolongbao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yau_gok" title="Yau gok">Yau gok</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zhaliang" title="Zhaliang">Zhaliang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zongzi" title="Zongzi">Zongzi</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bukkumi" title="Bukkumi">Bukkumi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eo-mandu" title="Eo-mandu">Eo-mandu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gamja-ongsimi" title="Gamja-ongsimi">Gamja-ongsimi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gyeongdan" title="Gyeongdan">Gyeongdan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hoppang" title="Hoppang">Hoppang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jjinppang" title="Jjinppang">Jjinppang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mandu_(food)" title="Mandu (food)">Mandu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mandu-guk" title="Mandu-guk">Mandu-guk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mandu-gwa" title="Mandu-gwa">Mandu-gwa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pyeonsu" title="Pyeonsu">Pyeonsu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sujebi" title="Sujebi">Sujebi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Songpyeon" title="Songpyeon">Songpyeon</a></dd> <dt>Other</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Akashiyaki" title="Akashiyaki">Akashiyaki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buuz" title="Buuz">Buuz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dango" title="Dango">Dango</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%8Dza#Japanese_version" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyōza">Gyōza</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khuushuur" title="Khuushuur">Khuushuur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mitarashi_dango" title="Mitarashi dango">Mitarashi dango</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nikuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikuman">Nikuman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oyaki" title="Oyaki">Oyaki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Suiton" title="Suiton">Suiton</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asian cuisine">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mont_baung" title="Mont baung">Mont baung</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mont_lone_yay_baw" title="Mont lone yay baw">Mont lone yay baw</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mont_phet_htok" title="Mont phet htok">Mont phet htok</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bibingka" title="Bibingka">Bibingka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Empanada#Philippines" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mache_(food)" title="Mache (food)">Mache</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Masi_(food)" title="Masi (food)">Masi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Moche_(food)" title="Moche (food)">Moche</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pancit_Molo" title="Pancit Molo">Pancit Molo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paowaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Paowaw">Paowaw</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pinsec_frito" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinsec frito">Pinsec frito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shumai" title="Shumai">Shumai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Siopao" title="Siopao">Siopao</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arem-arem" title="Arem-arem">Arem-arem</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zongzi" title="Zongzi">Bakcang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bakpau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakpau">Bakpau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batagor" title="Batagor">Batagor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burasa" title="Burasa">Burasa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chai_kue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chai kue (page does not exist)">Chai kue</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cilok" title="Cilok">Cilok</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jalangkote" title="Jalangkote">Jalangkote</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Karipap</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Klepon" title="Klepon">Klepon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kue_kochi" title="Kue kochi">Kue kochi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kue_putu" title="Kue putu">Kue putu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kue_putu_mangkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kue putu mangkok">Kue putu mangkok</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lemang" title="Lemang">Lemang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lemper" title="Lemper">Lemper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lepet" title="Lepet">Lepet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nagasari" title="Nagasari">Nagasari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Panada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wonton" title="Wonton">Pangsit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(food)#Indonesia" title="Pastel (food)">Pastel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rissole#Indonesia" title="Rissole">Risoles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oliebol" title="Oliebol">Roti oliebol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lemper#Semar_mendem" title="Lemper">Semar mendem</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">Siomay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timphan" title="Timphan">Timphan</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thailand</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cho_muang" title="Cho muang">Cho muang</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_bao" title="Bánh bao">Bánh bao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_bao_b%C3%A1nh_v%E1%BA%A1c" title="Bánh bao bánh vạc">Bánh bao bánh vạc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%99t_l%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Bánh bột lọc">Bánh bột lọc</a></dd> <dt>Other</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Curry puff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_(food)" title="Ada (food)">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aushak" title="Aushak">Aushak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujhia" title="Gujhia">Gujhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulha" title="Gulha">Gulha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoentay" title="Hoentay">Hoentay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhukkatta" title="Kozhukkatta">Kozhukkatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukhmi" title="Lukhmi">Lukhmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modak" title="Modak">Modak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momo_(food)" title="Momo (food)">Momo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevryo" title="Nevryo">Nevryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munthiri_kothu" title="Munthiri kothu">Munthiri kothu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yomari" title="Yomari">Yomari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshpara" title="Joshpara">Chuchvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Manti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orama_(dish)" title="Orama (dish)">Orama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsa_(food)" title="Samsa (food)">Samsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">West Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(food)" title="Gondi (food)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrz%C9%99" title="Gürzə">Gürzə</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingel" title="Hingel">Hingel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinkali" title="Khinkali">Khinkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" title="Kubbeh">Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Qatayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Sambusak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshpara" title="Joshpara">Shishbarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_b%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" title="Tatar böreği">Tatar böreği</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Asian cuisine">North Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">Pelmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyanse" title="Pyanse">Pyanse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bor%C8%99_de_burechiu%C8%99e" title="Borș de burechiușe">Borș de burechiușe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C8%9Buna%C8%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="Colțunași">Colțunași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halu%C5%A1ky" title="Halušky">Halušky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalduny" title="Kalduny">Kalduny (Kundumy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreplach" title="Kreplach">Kreplach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataz" title="Mataz">Mataz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_ball" title="Matzah ball">Matzah ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">Pelmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scovard%C4%83" title="Scovardă">Scovardă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uszka" title="Uszka">Uszka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Varenyky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_European_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern European cuisine">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agnolotti <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavese_agnolotti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavese agnolotti">Pavese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnolotti" title="Agnolotti">Piedmontese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappelletti_(pasta)" title="Cappelletti (pasta)">Cappelletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casoncelli" title="Casoncelli">Casoncelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casunziei" title="Casunziei">Casunziei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cjarsons" title="Cjarsons">Cjarsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnocchi" title="Gnocchi">Gnocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnudi" title="Gnudi">Gnudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlutzkrapfen" title="Schlutzkrapfen">Mezzelune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">Ravioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacchettoni" title="Sacchettoni">Sacchettoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortellini" title="Tortellini">Tortellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortelloni" title="Tortelloni">Tortelloni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_dumplings" title="Black dumplings">Black dumplings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryndzov%C3%A9_halu%C5%A1ky" title="Bryndzové halušky">Bryndzové halušky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capuns" title="Capuns">Capuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampfnudel" title="Dampfnudel">Dampfnudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germkn%C3%B6del" title="Germknödel">Germknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halu%C5%A1ky" title="Halušky">Halušky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrijski_%C5%BElikrofi" title="Idrijski žlikrofi">Idrijski žlikrofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kluski" title="Kluski">Kluski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knedle" title="Knedle">Knedle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%B6del" title="Knödel">Knödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopytka" title="Kopytka">Kopytka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maultasche" title="Maultasche">Maultasche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohnnudel" title="Mohnnudel">Mohnnudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampuchy" title="Pampuchy">Pampuchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickert" title="Pickert">Pickert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyzy_(dish)" title="Pyzy (dish)">Pyzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenkn%C3%B6del" title="Marillenknödel">Marillenknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlutzkrapfen" title="Schlutzkrapfen">Schlutzkrapfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schupfnudel" title="Schupfnudel">Schupfnudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlishkes" title="Shlishkes">Shlishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_dumplings" title="Silesian dumplings">Silesian dumplings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapa%C4%8Dky" class="mw-redirect" title="Strapačky">Strapačky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uszka" title="Uszka">Uszka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_European_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Western European cuisine">Western Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbajuan" title="Barbajuan">Barbajuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissole" title="Rissole">Rissole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_European_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern European cuisine">Northern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_clanger" title="Bedfordshire clanger">Bedfordshire clanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cepelinai" title="Cepelinai">Cepelinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroppkaka" title="Kroppkaka">Kroppkaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palt" title="Palt">Palt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitepalt" title="Pitepalt">Pitepalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspeball" title="Raspeball">Raspeball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenkey" title="Kenkey">Kenkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Sambusa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sim" title="Dim sim">Dim sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maize_and_corn169" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corn" title="Template:Corn"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corn" title="Template talk:Corn"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corn" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corn"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maize_and_corn169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize and corn</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amylomaize" title="Amylomaize">Amylomaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_corn" title="Baby corn">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_corn" title="Blue corn">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dent_corn" title="Dent corn">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_corn" title="Field corn">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_corn" title="Flint corn">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_corn" title="Flour corn">Flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize" title="Genetically modified maize">Genetically modified</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_genetically_modified_maize" title="List of varieties of genetically modified maize">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_810" title="MON 810">MON 810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_863" title="MON 863">MON 863</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_corn" title="Purple corn">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Protein_Maize" title="Quality Protein Maize">Quality Protein Maize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoepeg_corn" title="Shoepeg corn">Shoepeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_corn" title="Sweet corn">Sweet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweetcorn_varieties" title="List of sweetcorn varieties">Varieties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxy_corn" title="Waxy corn">Waxy</a></li> <li>By origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia_maize_varieties" title="Bolivia maize varieties">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador_maize_varieties" title="Ecuador maize varieties">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Italian_maize_varieties" title="Traditional Italian maize varieties">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_corn" title="Peruvian corn">Peru</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corncob" title="Corncob">Cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_kernel" title="Corn kernel">Kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stover" title="Corn stover">Stover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_construction" title="Corn construction">Corn construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_milling" title="Maize milling">Maize milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixtamalization" title="Nixtamalization">Nixtamalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_wet-milling" title="Corn wet-milling">Wet-milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_maker" title="Popcorn maker">Popcorn maker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_diseases" title="List of maize diseases">Pathology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBCH-scale_(maize)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBCH-scale (maize)">BBCH-scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_allergy" title="Corn allergy">Corn allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut" title="Corn smut">Corn smut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_streak_virus" title="Maize streak virus">Maize streak virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maize_production" title="Category:Maize production">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornstalk_fiddle" title="Cornstalk fiddle">Cornstalk fiddle</a></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_production_in_Tanzania" title="Maize production in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_corn_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International corn production statistics">International corn production statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popcorn_brands" title="List of popcorn brands">List of popcorn brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters (agriculture)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Palace" title="Corn Palace">Corn Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_School" title="Corn School">Corn School</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Field_of_Corn" title="Field of Corn">Field of Corn</a></i> (1994 sculpture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cornbread_Festival" title="National Cornbread Festival">National Cornbread Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Corn_Festival" title="Sweet Corn Festival">Sweet Corn Festival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_(film)" title="Zea (film)">Zea</a></i> (film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_dishes" title="List of maize dishes">Maize dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">Cornmeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">Mielie-meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samp" title="Samp">Samp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_steep_liquor" title="Corn steep liquor">Steep liquor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">Syrup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucose_syrup" title="Glucose syrup">Glucose syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_perception_of_high-fructose_corn_syrup" title="Public perception of high-fructose corn syrup">Public perception</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-maltose_corn_syrup" title="High-maltose corn syrup">High-maltose</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Soups, stews, <br />and porridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banku_(dish)" title="Banku (dish)">Banku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binte_biluhuta" title="Binte biluhuta">Binte biluhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulz_(food)" title="Bulz (food)">Bulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocolo%C8%99i" title="Cocoloși">Cocoloși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chowder" title="Corn chowder">Corn chowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crab_soup" title="Corn crab soup">Corn crab soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_pudding" title="Corn pudding">Corn pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_soup" title="Corn soup">Corn soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stew" title="Corn stew">Corn stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cou-cou" title="Cou-cou">Cou-cou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamed_corn" title="Creamed corn">Creamed corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">Fufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_mais" title="Ginataang mais">Ginataang mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">Grits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasty_pudding" title="Hasty pudding">Hasty pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%8Damak" title="Kačamak">Kačamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83" title="Mămăligă">Mămăligă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83_%C3%AEn_p%C4%83turi" title="Mămăligă în pături">Mămăligă în pături</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mush_(cornmeal)" title="Mush (cornmeal)">Mush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashofa" title="Pashofa">Pashofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozole" title="Pozole">Pozole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamite" title="Sagamite">Sagamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suam_na_mais" title="Suam na mais">Suam na mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali">Ugali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar%C3%A9m" title="Xarém">Xarém</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Tamales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aca%C3%A7%C3%A1" title="Acaçá">Acaçá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanime" title="Guanime">Guanime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita">Humita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacatamal" title="Nacatamal">Nacatamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamonha" title="Pamonha">Pamonha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Breads and cakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollo" title="Bollo">Bollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broa" title="Broa">Broa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachapa" title="Cachapa">Cachapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipa_guasu" title="Chipa guasu">Chipa guasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">Cornbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_cookie" title="Corn cookie">Corn cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tortilla" title="Corn tortilla">Corn tortilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tortilla-based_dishes" title="List of tortilla-based dishes">List of tortilla-based dishes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnycake" title="Johnnycake">Johnnycake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makki_ki_roti" title="Makki ki roti">Makki ki roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_choclo" title="Pastel de choclo">Pastel de choclo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piki" title="Piki">Piki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proja" title="Proja">Proja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa">Pupusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloosh" title="Sloosh">Sloosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sope_(food)" title="Sope (food)">Sope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopa_paraguaya" title="Sopa paraguaya">Sopa paraguaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoonbread" title="Spoonbread">Spoonbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talo_(food)" title="Talo (food)">Talo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla" title="Tortilla">Tortilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totopo" title="Totopo">Totopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotou" title="Wotou">Wotou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Fried dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battered_sausage" title="Battered sausage">Battered sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chip" title="Corn chip">Corn chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_dog" title="Corn dog">Corn dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_fritter" title="Corn fritter">Corn fritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_nut" title="Corn nut">Corn nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornick_(food)" title="Cornick (food)">Cornick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushpuppy" title="Hushpuppy">Hushpuppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milho_frito" title="Milho frito">Milho frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachos" title="Nachos">Nachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorullos" title="Sorullos">Sorullos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tostada_(tortilla)" title="Tostada (tortilla)">Tostada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_chip" title="Tortilla chip">Tortilla chip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alivenci" title="Alivenci">Alivenci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkie" title="Conkie">Conkies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_flakes" title="Corn flakes">Corn flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob" title="Corn on the cob">Corn on the cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_relish" title="Corn relish">Corn relish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_sauce" title="Corn sauce">Corn sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofio" title="Gofio">Gofio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">Hominy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut#Culinary_uses" title="Corn smut">Huitlacoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkey" title="Kenkey">Kenkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuymak" title="Kuymak">Kuymak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADz_con_hielo" title="Maíz con hielo">Maíz con hielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_blanca" title="Maja blanca">Maja maíz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maque_choux" title="Maque choux">Maque choux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mote_(food)" title="Mote (food)">Mote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinole" title="Pinole">Pinole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">Popcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atole" title="Atole">Atole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_jora" title="Chicha de jora">Chicha de jora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">Chicha morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colada_morada" title="Colada morada">Colada morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tea" title="Corn tea">Corn tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazamorra" title="Mazamorra">Mazamorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinolillo" title="Pinolillo">Pinolillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejate" title="Tejate">Tejate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christmas672" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christmas" title="Template:Christmas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christmas" title="Template talk:Christmas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christmas672" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Christmas_(holiday)" title="Blue Christmas (holiday)">Blue Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day">Children's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Day" title="Saint Nicholas Day">Saint Nicholas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Day" title="Saint Stephen's Day">Saint Stephen's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In<br />Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Angel Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">in later culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_nativity_scene" title="Neapolitan nativity scene">Neapolitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Twelfth Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In folklore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badalisc" title="Badalisc">Badalisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caganer" title="Caganer">Caganer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BDla" title="Grýla">Grýla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Frost" title="Jack Frost">Jack Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korvatunturi" title="Korvatunturi">Korvatunturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Christmas_Spider" title="Legend of the Christmas Spider">Legend of the Christmas Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Lwyd" title="Mari Lwyd">Mari Lwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_figure" title="Miner's figure">Miner's figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisse_(folklore)" title="Nisse (folklore)">Nisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Winter" title="Old Man Winter">Old Man Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Santa's workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%B3_de_Nadal" title="Tió de Nadal">Tió de Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turo%C5%84" title="Turoń">Turoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_cat" title="Yule cat">Yule cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift-bringer" title="Christmas gift-bringer">Gift-bringers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_(European_folklore)" title="Saint Nicholas (European folklore)">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">Befana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ded_Moroz" title="Ded Moroz">Ded Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandpa_Indian" title="Grandpa Indian">Grandpa Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulupukki" title="Joulupukki">Joulupukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julemanden" title="Julemanden">Julemanden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Baba" title="Noel Baba">Noel Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olentzero" title="Olentzero">Olentzero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_No%C3%ABl" title="Père Noël">Père Noël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_winter_gift-bringers" title="List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas">Companions of<br />Saint Nicholas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Claus" title="Mrs. Claus">Mrs. Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Fouettard" title="Père Fouettard">Père Fouettard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_Man" title="Sack Man">Sack Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_daughter" title="Santa Claus' daughter">Santa Claus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27s_reindeer" title="Santa Claus's reindeer">Santa's reindeer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer" title="Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer">Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegurochka" title="Snegurochka">Snegurochka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Piet" title="Zwarte Piet">Zwarte Piet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_traditions" title="Christmas traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_calendar" title="Advent calendar">Advent calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_candle" title="Advent candle">Advent candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_Head_Feast" title="Boar's Head Feast">Boar's Head Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwibbogen" title="Schwibbogen">Candle arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalking_the_door" title="Chalking the door">Chalking the door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_card" title="Christmas card">Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carols_by_Candlelight" title="Carols by Candlelight">Carols by Candlelight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christingle" title="Christingle">Christingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Peace" title="Christmas Peace">Christmas Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cracker" title="Christmas cracker">Crackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_decoration" title="Christmas decoration">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didukh" title="Didukh">Didukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elf_on_the_Shelf" title="The Elf on the Shelf">The Elf on the Shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Seven_Fishes" title="Feast of the Seven Fishes">Feast of the Seven Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Santa" title="Flying Santa">Flying Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift" title="Christmas gift">Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Google Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamper#Christmas_hamper" title="Hamper">Hampers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_letter" title="Round-robin letter">Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule" title="Lord of Misrule">Lord of Misrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_star" title="Moravian star">Moravian star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummers%27_play" title="Mummers' play">Mummers' play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">Nutcrackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_doll" title="Nutcracker doll">dolls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ornament" title="Christmas ornament">Ornaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_parade" title="Santa Claus parade">Parades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">Piñatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pyramid" title="Christmas pyramid">Pyramids</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4uchermann" title="Räuchermann">Räuchermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Santa" title="Secret Santa">Secret Santa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanbaum" title="Spanbaum">Spanbaum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stamp" title="Christmas stamp">Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stocking" title="Christmas stocking">Stockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Twelve Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassailing" title="Wassailing">Wassailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_window" title="Christmas window">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_goat" title="Yule goat">Yule goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log" title="Yule log">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Observance_of_Christmas_by_country" title="Observance of Christmas by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Australia" title="Christmas in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Din" title="Boro Din">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Colombia" title="Christmas in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_and_Christmas_in_Denmark" title="Yule and Christmas in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Christmas" title="Ethiopian Christmas">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Finland" title="Christmas in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_France" title="Christmas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihnachten" title="Weihnachten">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hungary" title="Christmas in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Iceland" title="Christmas in Iceland">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Christmas_folklore" title="Icelandic Christmas folklore">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Indonesia" title="Christmas in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ireland" title="Christmas in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Italy" title="Christmas in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Mexico" title="Christmas in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Zealand" title="Christmas in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Christmas in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Poland" title="Christmas in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Romania" title="Christmas in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia" title="Christmas in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Serbia" title="Christmas in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Sweden" title="Christmas in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ukraine" title="Christmas in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Christmas in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hawaii" title="Christmas in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Mexico" title="Christmas in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols" title="List of Christmas carols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_operas" title="List of Christmas operas">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_hit_singles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom">Hit singles in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_Christmas_singles_in_the_United_States" title="List of popular Christmas singles in the United States">Hit singles in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Christmas_Holiday_charts" title="Billboard Christmas Holiday charts">Music charts (<i>Billboard</i>)</a></li> <li>Music books <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carols_for_Choirs" title="Carols for Choirs">Carols for Choirs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The Oxford Book of Carols">The Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The New Oxford Book of Carols">The New Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piae_Cantiones" title="Piae Cantiones">Piae Cantiones</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_by_medium" title="Christmas by medium">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas-themed_literature" title="List of Christmas-themed literature">In literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_films" title="List of Christmas films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_in_film" title="Santa Claus in film">Santa Claus in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poetry <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Santeclaus_with_Much_Delight" title="Old Santeclaus with Much Delight">Old Santeclaus with Much Delight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas" title="A Visit from St. Nicholas">A Visit from St. Nicholas</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_in_the_Workhouse" title="Christmas Day in the Workhouse">Christmas Day in the Workhouse</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journey_of_the_Magi" title="Journey of the Magi">Journey of the Magi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomten_(poem)" title="Tomten (poem)">Tomten</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of Christmas television specials">Christmas television specials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of United States Christmas television specials">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yule_Log_(TV_program)" title="Yule Log (TV program)">Yule Log</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In<br />modern<br />society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Advent Conspiracy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(partying)" title="Black Friday (partying)">Black Friday (partying)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday (shopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronner%27s_Christmas_Wonderland" title="Bronner's Christmas Wonderland">Bronner's Christmas Wonderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_creep" title="Christmas creep">Christmas creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_(Trading)_Act_2004" title="Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004">Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Christmas Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmasland_in_New_Taipei_City" title="Christmasland in New Taipei City">Christmasland in New Taipei City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Mountains" title="Christmas Mountains">Christmas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_controversies" title="Christmas controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_Christmas" title="Economics of Christmas">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GivingTuesday" title="GivingTuesday">GivingTuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinch" title="Grinch">Grinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Christmas_Lottery" title="Spanish Christmas Lottery">El Gordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_July" title="Christmas in July">In July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_August_(Yellowstone)" title="Christmas in August (Yellowstone)">In August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_Christmas_games" title="NBA Christmas games">NBA games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Christmas_Day" title="NFL on Christmas Day">NFL games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikkujoulu" title="Pikkujoulu">Pikkujoulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SantaCon" title="SantaCon">SantaCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_Candy_Castle" title="Santa's Candy Castle">Santa's Candy Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Village" title="Santa Claus Village">Santa Claus Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Scrooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Saturday" title="Super Saturday">Super Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_O%27Hanlon" title="Virginia O'Hanlon">Virginia O'Hanlon</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus" title="Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus">Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(weather)" title="White Christmas (weather)">White Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes" title="List of Christmas dishes">Food and<br />drink</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" title="Christmas dinner">Dinner</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joulup%C3%B6yt%C3%A4" title="Joulupöytä">Joulupöytä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smorgasbord#Julbord" title="Smorgasbord">Julbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julebord" title="Julebord">Julebord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Dios" title="Kūčios">Kūčios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon" title="Réveillon">Réveillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_desserts" title="Thirteen desserts">Thirteen desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-dish_Christmas_Eve_supper" title="Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper">Twelve-dish supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigilia" title="Wigilia">Wigilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska" title="Baked Alaska">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_cane" title="Candy cane">Candy cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cake" title="Christmas cake">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookie" title="Christmas cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">Cozonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitcake" title="Fruitcake">Fruitcake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutia" title="Kutia">Kutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3wki" title="Makówki">Makówki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampushka" title="Pampushka">Pampushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlova_(dessert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlova (dessert)">Pavlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_velvet_cake" title="Red velvet cake">Red velvet cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plum" title="Sugar plum">Sugar plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szaloncukor" title="Szaloncukor">Szaloncukor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Turrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)" title="Yule log (cake)">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Soup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(soup)" title="Menudo (soup)">Menudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_sauce" title="Bread sauce">Bread sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcurrant_sauce" title="Redcurrant sauce">Redcurrant sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">Hot chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissel" title="Kissel">Kissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_bishop" title="Smoking bishop">Smoking bishop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponche_crema" title="Ponche crema">Ponche crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_(cocktail)" title="Snowball (cocktail)">Snowball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Dumplings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Meat and fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_goose" title="Roast goose">Roast goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeritos" title="Romeritos">Romeritos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourti%C3%A8re" title="Tourtière">Tourtière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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