CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hewahewa - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2d085ec5-1653-4bd2-b7cd-a118cff2579b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hewahewa","wgTitle":"Hewahewa","wgCurRevisionId":1254540091,"wgRevisionId":1254540091,"wgArticleId":62357324,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from December 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from December 2019","Biography with signature","Articles with hCards","Commons category link is on Wikidata","1770s births","1837 deaths","People from Oahu","Converts to Protestantism from pagan religions","Hawaiian Kingdom Protestants","Hawaiian nobility","Religious leaders from Hawaii", "Converts to Christianity from Hawaiian religion"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hewahewa","wgRelevantArticleId":62357324,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q75186256","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hewahewa - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewahewa"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewahewa"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hewahewa rootpage-Hewahewa skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hewahewa" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hewahewa" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hewahewa" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hewahewa" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kahuna_Nui" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kahuna_Nui"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kahuna Nui</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kahuna_Nui-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abolition_of_the_kapu_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition_of_the_kapu_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Abolition of the <i>kapu</i> system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition_of_the_kapu_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction_of_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction_of_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Introduction of Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction_of_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hewahewa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q75186256#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hewahewa" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hewahewa" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hewahewa"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hewahewa"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hewahewa" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hewahewa" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&oldid=1254540091" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hewahewa&id=1254540091&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHewahewa"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHewahewa"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hewahewa&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hewahewa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q75186256" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hawaiian religious leader</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Hewahewa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1774</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">Island of Hawai’i</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 16, 1837<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Waimea, <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">O’ahu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Kahuna Nui (high priest)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hewahewa_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hewahewa_signature.svg/150px-Hewahewa_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hewahewa_signature.svg/225px-Hewahewa_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hewahewa_signature.svg/300px-Hewahewa_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="163" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hewahewa</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1774</span> – February 16, 1837) was a Hawaiian religious leader who served as <i><a href="/wiki/Kahuna" title="Kahuna">kahuna nui</a></i> (high priest) of King <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_I" title="Kamehameha I">Kamehameha I</a> and his successor <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_II" title="Kamehameha II">Kamehameha II</a>. Hewahewa was a powerful figure in the royal court of Hawai’i and played a major role in the abolition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kapu_(Hawaiian_culture)" title="Kapu (Hawaiian culture)">kapu</a></i> system, the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">native religion of Hawai’i</a>, and the introduction of Christianity to the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kahuna_Nui">Kahuna Nui</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kahuna Nui"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hewahewa was born in the late 18th century. In 1819, French explorer <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Freycinet" title="Louis de Freycinet">Louis de Freycinet</a> estimated Hewahewa was born around 1774.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_FreycinetKelly1978115_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_FreycinetKelly1978115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up as part of the aristocracy of the pre-unified kingdom of the island of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">Hawaiʻi</a> and was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Pa%CA%BBao" title="Paʻao">Paʻao</a>, a lineage that added to his prestige as a spiritual leader. Hewahewa's great-grandfather was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holo%CA%BBae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holoʻae (page does not exist)">Holoʻae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/Kahuna" title="Kahuna">kahuna</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Alapainui" class="mw-redirect" title="Alapainui">Alapaʻinui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalani%CA%BB%C5%8Dpu%CA%BBu" title="Kalaniʻōpuʻu">Kalaniʻōpuʻu</a>, the latter of whom ruled during <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>'s fatal visit to the islands. Hewahewa's grandfather was Pailili (or Pailiki) and his father was Puʻou, a <i>kahuna</i> of Kalaniʻōpuʻu's successor <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_I" title="Kamehameha I">Kamehameha I</a>. A cousin of Hewahewa was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kek%C5%ABhaupi%CA%BBo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekūhaupiʻo (page does not exist)">Kekūhaupiʻo</a>, the instructor and military advisor of Kamehameha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_257,_260_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_257,_260-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamakau199278,_85–87_121,_187,_213,_291_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamakau199278,_85–87_121,_187,_213,_291-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinzie198386_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinzie198386-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuka%27ilimoku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kuka%27ilimoku.jpg/220px-Kuka%27ilimoku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kuka%27ilimoku.jpg/330px-Kuka%27ilimoku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kuka%27ilimoku.jpg/440px-Kuka%27ilimoku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>19th-century feather sculpture depiction of <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABka%CA%BBilimoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kūkaʻilimoku">Kūkaʻilimoku</a>, the war god of Kamehameha I and Hewahewa's priestly line</figcaption></figure> <p>Hewahewa was educated as a <i>kahuna</i> and rose to prominence in the court of Kamehameha. Hewahewa and his family line were of the order of the war god <a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB" title="Kū">Kū</a> (<i>moʻo Kū</i>), which rose to prominence during the conflict that led up to the unification of the Hawaiian Islands and displaced the priestly order of the fertility god <a href="/wiki/Lono" title="Lono">Lono</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahlins1996256–257_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESahlins1996256–257-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Kamehameha united the Hawaiian islands into the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a>, he granted Hewahewa control over the <a href="/wiki/Waimea_Valley" title="Waimea Valley">Waimea Valley</a> on <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>, a powerful position within the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Coleman_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coleman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1810s, Hewahewa was serving as <i>kahuna-nui</i> (high priest) and was responsible for maintaining the <i><a href="/wiki/Kapu_(Hawaiian_culture)" title="Kapu (Hawaiian culture)">kapu</a></i> code of conduct at the behest of King Kamehameha.<sup id="cite_ref-Coleman_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coleman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolition_of_the_kapu_system">Abolition of the <i>kapu</i> system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Abolition of the kapu system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1819, King Kamehameha died and his son <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_II" title="Kamehameha II">Kamehameha II</a> became the new monarch. Kamehameha II was not as strong a ruler as his father; his court advisers—including Hewahewa—began to exert influence over the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <i>kahuna-nui</i>, Hewahewa was tasked with implementing and enforcing the <i>kapu</i> on the islands but by the time of Kamehameha II's ascension to the throne, Hewahewa had grown disillusioned with the system. His doubts were reinforced by the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Ka%CA%BBahumanu" title="Kaʻahumanu">Kaʻahumanu</a>, the late Kamehameha I's favorite wife, who had a relationship with high priest and persuaded him action was needed to break the <i>kapu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acting on his views, Hewahewa and other court officials—including several female members of the royal family—planned to abolish the <i>kapu</i>. The reformers' first target was a law that forbade women to eat certain foods and from eating with noblemen. At a grand feast held six months after Kamehameha I's death, his son was persuaded to eat alongside his female relatives; the women also ate forbidden foods at the feast, ushering the era of <i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAi_Noa" title="ʻAi Noa">ʻAi Noa</a></i> (free eating). While this display was criticized by more conservative members of Hawaiian society, it was also seen as breaking the monarchy's support of the <i>kapu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after the feast, Hewahewa embarked on a campaign to rid the kingdom of the <i>kapu</i> system. He was supported by a reformist faction within the kahunas and by two of Kamehameha I's queens, Kaʻahumanu—who persuaded Hewahewa to support the adoption of <i>ʻAi Noa</i>—and the king’s mother <a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%8Dp%C5%ABolani" title="Keōpūolani">Keōpūolani</a>. Acting in his role as <i>kahuna-nui</i>, Hewahewa ordered the burning of religious idols, the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Heiau" title="Heiau">heiaus</a>, and the end of the <i>kapu</i>. Not all of the native Hawaiian religion was interfered with; family <i>ʻaumākua</i> remained untouched and the <i>kahuna</i> retained much of their political power as scholars and healers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Hawaiian leaders opposed Hewahewa's efforts to abolish the Hawaiian religion. A reactionary faction led by <a href="/wiki/Keaoua_Kekuaokalani" title="Keaoua Kekuaokalani">Keaoua Kekuaokalani</a>, a nephew of Kamehameha I and former student of Hewahewa, revolted against Kamehameha II and his court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite gathering some support, the rebels were defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Kuamoo_Burials" title="Kuamoo Burials">Battle of Kuamo'o</a> in December 1819, marking the end of organized resistance against Hewahewa and his supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction_of_Christianity">Introduction of Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Introduction of Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Letter_of_Hewahewa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_of_Hewahewa.jpg/220px-Letter_of_Hewahewa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_of_Hewahewa.jpg/330px-Letter_of_Hewahewa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_of_Hewahewa.jpg/440px-Letter_of_Hewahewa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption>Letter written on July 27, 1830, from Hewahewa to Mikamalena (<a href="/wiki/Levi_Chamberlain" title="Levi Chamberlain">Levi Chamberlain</a>) to affirm his ongoing faith in God</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1820, Christian missionaries arrived on the island. Many members of the Hawaiian nobility, including Hewahewa, eventually converted to Christianity;<sup id="cite_ref-Coleman_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coleman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> multiple sources note the introduction of Christianity filled the spiritual void left by the dissolution of the <i>kapu</i> system.<sup id="cite_ref-Coleman_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coleman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Charlot_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charlot-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPukuiHaertigLee1972276_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPukuiHaertigLee1972276-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some sources, Hewahewa had predicted the arrival of a new god from the sea in the days before the first missionaries arrived in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPukuiHaertigLee1972276_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPukuiHaertigLee1972276-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Christian faith spread throughout the Hawaiian islands, Hewahewa remained supportive of many of the new faith's systems of belief; rather than the traditional Hawaiian deities, he thanked Jehovah for food during a feast in place and composed a chant to worship the new god.<sup id="cite_ref-Charlot_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charlot-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hewahewa remained supportive of free eating; he ate alongside women and later resigned his office as <i>kahuna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hewahewa's dialogue with the missionaries also persuaded the powerful chiefess <a href="/wiki/Kapi%CA%BBolani_(chiefess)" title="Kapiʻolani (chiefess)">Kapiʻolani</a> to adopt the Christian faith.<sup id="cite_ref-Charlot_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charlot-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the decline of the Hawaiian religion had decreased Hewahewa's influence as a spiritualist, he remained important in the Hawaiian Kingdom into the 1830s.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralston_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralston-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an old man, he was called upon by <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_III" title="Kamehameha III">Kamehameha III</a> in an attempt to restore the native Hawaiian faith but Hewahewa persuaded the king to abandon the effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralston_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralston-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hewahewa was also known for exhibiting signs of alcoholism.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralston_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralston-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to reports in the contemporaneous <i>Ke Kumu Hawaii</i> and the <i>Sandwich Island Gazette</i>, Hewahewa died on February 16, 1837, at his home in <a href="/wiki/Waimea,_Oahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Waimea, Oahu">Waimea, Oahu</a>. He was ill for four months before his death and had asked his friends to pray for his salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralston_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralston-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1837Death_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1837Death-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is, however, some discrepancy about his date of death; in 1893, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Bright_Emerson" title="Nathaniel Bright Emerson">Nathaniel Bright Emerson</a>, who was born 1839, remembered Hewahewa "as a silent and wrinkled old man, who lived in a retired valley in Waialua, Island of Oahu, about the year 1848".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson189312_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson189312-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thousands of Hawaiians,<sup id="cite_ref-kitv_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kitv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including pioneering lifeguard <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Aikau" title="Eddie Aikau">Eddie Aikau</a>, are descendants of Hewahewa<sup id="cite_ref-Coleman_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coleman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, several acres of Hewahewa's lands in Waimea Valley, which were bestowed upon him by Kamehameha in the early 19th century, were granted protected status.<sup id="cite_ref-kitv_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kitv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, Hewahewa was posthumously inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame">Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame</a> with a group of historical Hawaiian chanters.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanters_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanters-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historian <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Kamakau" title="Samuel Kamakau">Samuel Kamakau</a> stated that Holoʻae was both the grandfather of Hewahewa and Hewahewa's father Puʻou.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamakau199285_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamakau199285-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_258_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_258-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_FreycinetKelly1978115-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_FreycinetKelly1978115_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_FreycinetKelly1978">de Freycinet & Kelly 1978</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamakau199285-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamakau199285_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKamakau1992">Kamakau 1992</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_258-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_258_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSahlins1996">Sahlins 1996</a>, pp. 132, 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_257,_260-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahlins1996132,_257,_260_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSahlins1996">Sahlins 1996</a>, pp. 132, 257, 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamakau199278,_85–87_121,_187,_213,_291-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamakau199278,_85–87_121,_187,_213,_291_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKamakau1992">Kamakau 1992</a>, pp. 78, 85–87 121, 187, 213, 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinzie198386-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinzie198386_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKinzie1983">McKinzie 1983</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESahlins1996256–257-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahlins1996256–257_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSahlins1996">Sahlins 1996</a>, pp. 256–257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coleman-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFColeman2004" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, Stuart Holmes (February 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SOQGLxkrmiwC&q=Hewahewa&pg=PA7"><i>Eddie Would Go: The Story of Eddie Aikau, Hawaiian Hero and Pioneer of Big Wave Surfing</i></a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312327187" title="Special:BookSources/9780312327187"><bdi>9780312327187</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eddie+Would+Go%3A+The+Story+of+Eddie+Aikau%2C+Hawaiian+Hero+and+Pioneer+of+Big+Wave+Surfing&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2004-02-07&rft.isbn=9780312327187&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Stuart+Holmes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSOQGLxkrmiwC%26q%3DHewahewa%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb196521–39_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebb1965">Webb 1965</a>, pp. 21–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'arcy2018" class="citation book cs1">D'arcy, Paul (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n4217/pdf/ch06.pdf">"Creating a Kingdom: Hawai'i from 1796 to 1819"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Transforming Hawai'i</i>. ANU Press. pp. 181–220. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22459%2FTH.06.2018">10.22459/TH.06.2018</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-173-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-173-7"><bdi>978-1-76046-173-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv301dpq.14">j.ctv301dpq.14</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:188301153">188301153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creating+a+Kingdom%3A+Hawai%E2%80%98i+from+1796+to+1819&rft.btitle=Transforming+Hawai%27i&rft.pages=181-220&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22459%2FTH.06.2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A188301153%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv301dpq.14%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-76046-173-7&rft.aulast=D%27arcy&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fn4217%2Fpdf%2Fch06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daws, Gavan (1968). <i>Shoal of Time</i>. pp. 54–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charlot-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charlot_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charlot_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charlot_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlot2010" class="citation journal cs1">Charlot, John (2010). "Two Early Hawaiian-Christian Chants". <i>Anthropos</i>. <b>105</b> (1): 29–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5771%2F0257-9774-2010-1-29">10.5771/0257-9774-2010-1-29</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25734737">25734737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropos&rft.atitle=Two+Early+Hawaiian-Christian+Chants&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-46&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5771%2F0257-9774-2010-1-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25734737%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Charlot&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPukuiHaertigLee1972276-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPukuiHaertigLee1972276_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPukuiHaertigLee1972276_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPukuiHaertigLee1972">Pukui, Haertig & Lee 1972</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelasco1990" class="citation journal cs1">Velasco, Ambrose (June 1, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mphs/vol11/iss1/7/">"Chiasmus in Ancient Hawaiian Prophecies, Prayers, and Chants"</a>. <i>Mormon Pacific Historical Society</i>. <b>11</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mormon+Pacific+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Chiasmus+in+Ancient+Hawaiian+Prophecies%2C+Prayers%2C+and+Chants&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1990-06-01&rft.aulast=Velasco&rft.aufirst=Ambrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarsarchive.byu.edu%2Fmphs%2Fvol11%2Fiss1%2F7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSissons2011" class="citation journal cs1">Sissons, Jeffrey (2011). "History as Sacrifice: The Polynesian Iconoclasm". <i>Oceania</i>. <b>81</b> (3): 302–315. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.2011.tb00110.x">10.1002/j.1834-4461.2011.tb00110.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23209537">23209537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceania&rft.atitle=History+as+Sacrifice%3A+The+Polynesian+Iconoclasm&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=302-315&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.2011.tb00110.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23209537%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sissons&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ralston-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ralston_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ralston_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ralston_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ralston_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRalston1985" class="citation journal cs1">Ralston, Caroline (1985). "Early Nineteenth Century Polynesian Millennial Cults and the Case of Hawai'i". <i>The Journal of the Polynesian Society</i>. <b>94</b> (4): 307–331. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20705949">20705949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.atitle=Early+Nineteenth+Century+Polynesian+Millennial+Cults+and+the+Case+of+Hawai%27i&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=307-331&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20705949%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ralston&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1837Death-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1837Death_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papakilodatabase.com/pdnupepa/cgi-bin/pdnupepa?a=d&d=KKH18370426-01.2.13">"MAKE"</a>. <i>Ke Kumu Hawaii</i>. Vol. 2, no. 24. Honolulu. April 26, 1837. p. 96. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116150054/https://www.papakilodatabase.com/pdnupepa/cgi-bin/pdnupepa?a=d&d=KKH18370426-01.2.13">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ke+Kumu+Hawaii&rft.atitle=MAKE&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=96&rft.date=1837-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpapakilodatabase.com%2Fpdnupepa%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpdnupepa%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DKKH18370426-01.2.13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson189312-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson189312_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmerson1893">Emerson 1893</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kitv-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kitv_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kitv_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kitv.com/story/39977636/community-celebrates-new-partnership-for-sacred-north-shore-land">"Community celebrates new partnership for sacred North Shore land"</a>. <i>www.kitv.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115155817/https://www.kitv.com/story/39977636/community-celebrates-new-partnership-for-sacred-north-shore-land">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kitv.com&rft.atitle=Community+celebrates+new+partnership+for+sacred+North+Shore+land&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitv.com%2Fstory%2F39977636%2Fcommunity-celebrates-new-partnership-for-sacred-north-shore-land&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chanters-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chanters_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaiimusicmuseum.org/honorees/2000/chanters.html">"Chanters"</a>. HMHF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229054915/http://www.hawaiimusicmuseum.org/honorees/2000/chanters.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chanters&rft.pub=HMHF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiimusicmuseum.org%2Fhonorees%2F2000%2Fchanters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmerson1893" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Bright_Emerson" title="Nathaniel Bright Emerson">Emerson, Nathaniel Bright</a> (1893). "Long Voyages of the Ancient Hawaiians". <i>Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society</i>. Honolulu: The Bulletin Publishing Company: 1–34. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10524%2F965">10524/965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+of+the+Hawaiian+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Long+Voyages+of+the+Ancient+Hawaiians&rft.pages=1-34&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10524%2F965&rft.aulast=Emerson&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel+Bright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_FreycinetKelly1978" class="citation book cs1">de Freycinet, Louis; Kelly, Marion (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HtAvAAAAMAAJ"><i>Hawaií in 1819: A Narrative Account</i></a>. Honolulu: Department of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4827597">4827597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hawai%C3%AD+in+1819%3A+A+Narrative+Account&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=Department+of+Anthropology%2C+Bernice+Pauahi+Bishop+Museum&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4827597&rft.aulast=de+Freycinet&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHtAvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamakau1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Kamakau" title="Samuel Kamakau">Kamakau, Samuel</a> (1992) [1961]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=chiefs&l=en"><i>Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii</i></a> (Revised ed.). Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_Schools" title="Kamehameha Schools">Kamehameha Schools</a> Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87336-014-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87336-014-1"><bdi>0-87336-014-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/25008795">25008795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruling+Chiefs+of+Hawaii&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Kamehameha+Schools+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F25008795&rft.isbn=0-87336-014-1&rft.aulast=Kamakau&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulukau.org%2Felib%2Fcgi-bin%2Flibrary%3Fc%3Dchiefs%26l%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinzie1983" class="citation book cs1">McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea (1983). Stagner, Ishmael W. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-YPNBdfvmDUC"><i>Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers</i></a>. Vol. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-939154-28-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-939154-28-5"><bdi>0-939154-28-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12555087">12555087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hawaiian+Genealogies%3A+Extracted+from+Hawaiian+Language+Newspapers&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12555087&rft.isbn=0-939154-28-5&rft.aulast=McKinzie&rft.aufirst=Edith+Kawelohea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-YPNBdfvmDUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPukuiHaertigLee1972" class="citation book cs1">Pukui, Mary Kawena; Haertig, E. W.; Lee, Catherine A. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=qlcc2&l=en"><i>Nānā i Ke Kumu (Look to the Source)</i></a>. Honolulu: Hui Hanai. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-916630-13-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-916630-13-3"><bdi>978-0-916630-13-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/228660193">228660193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N%C4%81n%C4%81+i+Ke+Kumu+%28Look+to+the+Source%29&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=Hui+Hanai&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F228660193&rft.isbn=978-0-916630-13-3&rft.aulast=Pukui&rft.aufirst=Mary+Kawena&rft.au=Haertig%2C+E.+W.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Catherine+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulukau.org%2Felib%2Fcgi-bin%2Flibrary%3Fc%3Dqlcc2%26l%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSahlins1996" class="citation book cs1">Sahlins, Marshall (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=adVe-z1xuvsC"><i>How "Natives" Think: About Captain Cook, For Example</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-73369-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-73369-2"><bdi>978-0-226-73369-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1016115445">1016115445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+%22Natives%22+Think%3A+About+Captain+Cook%2C+For+Example&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1016115445&rft.isbn=978-0-226-73369-2&rft.aulast=Sahlins&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DadVe-z1xuvsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb1965" class="citation journal cs1">Webb, M. C. (March 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_74_1965/Volume_74%2C_No._1/The_abolition_of_the_taboo_system_in_Hawaii%2C_by_M._C._Webb%2C_p_21_-_39/p1">"The Abolition of the Taboo System in Hawaii"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Polynesian Society</i>. <b>74</b> (1). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 21–39. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20704251">20704251</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5544737967">5544737967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.atitle=The+Abolition+of+the+Taboo+System+in+Hawaii&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-39&rft.date=1965-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5544737967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20704251%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jps.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2F%2FVolume_74_1965%2FVolume_74%252C_No._1%2FThe_abolition_of_the_taboo_system_in_Hawaii%252C_by_M._C._Webb%252C_p_21_-_39%2Fp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hewahewa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hewahewa">Hewahewa</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2014" class="citation web cs1">Young, Peter T. (October 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imagesofoldhawaii.com/hewahewa/">"Hewahewa"</a>. <i>Image of Old Hawaiʻi</i>. Hoʻokuleana LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Image+of+Old+Hawai%CA%BBi&rft.atitle=Hewahewa&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimagesofoldhawaii.com%2Fhewahewa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHewahewa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_in_Hawaii" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Template:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Template talk:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_in_Hawaii" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Christianity in Hawaii</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian groups<br /> in Hawaii</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hawaii" title="Church of Hawaii">Church of Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Hawaii" title="Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii">Episcopal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Pacific_Baptist_Convention" title="Hawaii Pacific Baptist Convention">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Community_in_Hawaii" title="Eastern Catholic Community in Hawaii">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Hawaii" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Hawaii">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California-Nevada-Hawaii_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="California-Nevada-Hawaii District (LCMS)">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_Christian_Fellowship" title="New Hope Christian Fellowship">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Los_Angeles,_Southern_California,_and_Hawaii" title="Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii">Coptic Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Church in Hawaii">Orthodox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Crossroads" title="Church of the Crossroads">Church of the Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace" title="Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace">Our Lady of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiakea_Mission_Station-Hilo_Station" title="Waiakea Mission Station-Hilo Station">Haili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Halawai_O_Holualoa" title="Hale Halawai O Holualoa">Hōlualoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiola_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Imiola Church">Imiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ahumanu_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ahumanu Church">Kaʻahumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaiaha%CA%BBo_Church" title="Kawaiahaʻo Church">Kawaiahaʻo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laie_Hawaii_Temple" title="Laie Hawaii Temple">Lāʻie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makawao_Union_Church" title="Makawao Union Church">Makawao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiki_Christian_Church" title="Makiki Christian Church">Makiki Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lanakila_Catholic_Church" title="Maria Lanakila Catholic Church">Maria Lanakila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokuaikaua_Church" title="Mokuaikaua Church">Mokuʻaikaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_Sea_Painted_Church" title="Star of the Sea Painted Church">Star of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_Saint_Andrew,_Honolulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew, Honolulu">St. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Benedict%27s_Catholic_Church_(Honaunau,_Hawaii)" title="St. Benedict's Catholic Church (Honaunau, Hawaii)">St. Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Catholic_Church_(Hilo,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Joseph Catholic Church (Hilo, Hawaii)">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_the_Archangel_Church_(Kailua-Kona,_Hawaii)" title="St. Michael the Archangel Church (Kailua-Kona, Hawaii)">St. Michael the Archangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiola_Church" title="Waiola Church">Waiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waioli_Mission_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Waioli Mission District">Waiʻoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wananalua_Congregational_Church" title="Wananalua Congregational Church">Wānanalua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missionaries_to_Hawaii" title="List of missionaries to Hawaii">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Patterson_Alexander" title="William Patterson Alexander">W. P. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorrin_Andrews" title="Lorrin Andrews">Lorrin Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Armstrong_(Hawaii_missionary)" title="Richard Armstrong (Hawaii missionary)">Richard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Bachelot" title="Alexis Bachelot">Alexis Bachelot </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Baldwin_(missionary)" title="Dwight Baldwin (missionary)">Dwight Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_I" title="Hiram Bingham I">Hiram Bingham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_II" title="Hiram Bingham II">Hiram Bingham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_Edwards_Bishop" title="Sereno Edwards Bishop">Sereno Edwards Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias Bond">Elias Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert_H._Boeynaems" title="Libert H. Boeynaems">Libert H. Boeynaems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Weston_Clark" title="Ephraim Weston Clark">Ephraim Weston Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Coan" title="Titus Coan">Titus Coan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Starr_Cooke" title="Amos Starr Cooke">A. S. Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Coudrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Coudrin">Peter Coudrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Damon" title="Samuel C. Damon">Samuel C. Damon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Father Damien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Dibble" title="Sheldon Dibble">Sheldon Dibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dole" title="Daniel Dole">Daniel Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dutton" title="Joseph Dutton">Joseph Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellis_(British_missionary)" title="William Ellis (British missionary)">William Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Newell_Emerson" title="Ursula Newell Emerson">Ursula Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Smith_Green" title="Jonathan Smith Green">J. S. Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Johnson_Gulick" title="Peter Johnson Gulick">P. J. Gulick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Oscar_Hall" title="Edwin Oscar Hall">E. O. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merriman_Colbert_Harris" title="Merriman Colbert Harris">Merriman Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Rexford_Hitchcock" title="Harvey Rexford Hitchcock">H. R. Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McEwen_Hyde" title="Charles McEwen Hyde">Charles McEwen Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_P._Judd" title="Gerrit P. Judd">Gerrit P. Judd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Belden_Lyman" title="David Belden Lyman">David Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lyons" title="Lorenzo Lyons">Lorenzo Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Maigret" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Désiré Maigret">Louis Maigret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Paris" title="John Davis Paris">John D. Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harrison_Rice" title="William Harrison Rice">W. H. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richards_(Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Richards (Hawaii)">William Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nettleship_Staley" title="Thomas Nettleship Staley">Thomas Staley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsey_Stockton" title="Betsey Stockton">Betsey Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Systermans" title="John M. Systermans">John M. Systermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Thurston" title="Asa Thurston">Asa Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Lucy Goodale Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Wilcox" title="Abner Wilcox">Abner Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Willis" title="Alfred Willis">Alfred Willis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native Christians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Akaka" title="Abraham Akaka">Abraham Akaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akaiko_Akana" title="Akaiko Akana">Akaiko Akana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hewahewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hoapili_Ka%CA%BBauwai" title="William Hoapili Kaʻauwai">William Hoapili Kaʻauwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kahale" title="Edward Kahale">Edward Kahale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Kahokuoluna" title="Alice Kahokuoluna">Alice Kahokuoluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kamau" title="William Kamau">William Kamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapi%CA%BBolani_(chiefess)" title="Kapiʻolani (chiefess)">Kapiʻolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kekela" title="James Kekela">James Kekela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kekumano" title="Charles Kekumano">Charles Kekumano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%8Dp%C5%ABolani" title="Keōpūolani">Keōpūolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helio_Koa%CA%BBeloa" title="Helio Koaʻeloa">Helio Koaʻeloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hulu_Mahoe" title="Joel Hulu Mahoe">Joel Hulu Mahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Malo" title="David Malo">David Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonatana_Napela" title="Jonatana Napela">Jonatana Napela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Opukahaia" title="Henry Opukahaia">Henry Opukahaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puaaiki" title="Puaaiki">Puaʻaiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Toleration_(Hawaii)" title="Edict of Toleration (Hawaii)">Edict of Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Honolulu" title="French invasion of Honolulu">French invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace_affair" title="Laplace affair">Laplace affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hawaiian_Music_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hawaiian_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hawaiian_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hawaiian_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hawaiian_Music_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame">Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Na_Lani_%CA%BBEh%C4%81" title="Na Lani ʻEhā">Patrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Kalākaua">Kalākaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leleiohoku_II" title="Leleiohoku II">Leleiohoku II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likelike" title="Likelike">Likelike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lili%CA%BBuokalani" title="Liliʻuokalani">Liliʻuokalani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Apaka" title="Alfred Apaka">Alfred Apaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Desha_Beamer" title="Helen Desha Beamer">Helen Desha Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Berger" title="Henri Berger">Henri Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_K._Bright_Sr." title="Sol K. Bright Sr.">Sol K. Bright Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keaulumoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keaulumoku (page does not exist)">Keaulumoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kekuku" title="Joseph Kekuku">Joseph Kekuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._King" title="Charles E. King">Charles E. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Machado" title="Lena Machado">Lena Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kawena_Pukui" title="Mary Kawena Pukui">Mary Kawena Pukui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickie_I%27i_Rodrigues" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickie I'i Rodrigues">Victoria K. I`i Rodrigues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_%22Sonny%22_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert "Sonny" Cunha">Albert "Sonny" Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Ho%CA%BBopi%CA%BBi" title="Sol Hoʻopiʻi">Sol Hoʻopiʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvin_Kaleolani_Isaacs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvin Kaleolani Isaacs (page does not exist)">Alvin Kaleolani Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haunani_Kahalewai" title="Haunani Kahalewai">Haunani Kahalewai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekia_Kealaka%CA%BBi" title="Mekia Kealakaʻi">Mekia Kealakaʻi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kameaaloha_Almeida" title="John Kameaaloha Almeida">John Kameaaloha Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmgard_Farden_Aluli" title="Irmgard Farden Aluli">Irmgard Farden Aluli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alexander_Anderson_(composer)" title="Robert Alexander Anderson (composer)">Robert Alexander Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bina_Mossman" title="Bina Mossman">Bina Mossman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Nape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Nape (page does not exist)">David Nape</a></li> <li><b>Songs honored:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Aloha" title="Hawaii Aloha">Hawaii Aloha</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ua_Like_No_A_Like&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ua Like No A Like (page does not exist)">Ua Like No A Like</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaulana_Na_Pua" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaulana Na Pua">Kaulana Na Pua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makalapua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makalapua (page does not exist)">Makalapua</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Na_Ali%60i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Na Ali`i (page does not exist)">Na Ali`i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Hawaiian_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Hawaiian Band">The Royal Hawaiian Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maddy_Lam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maddy Lam (page does not exist)">Maddy Lam</a></li> <li><b>Hawaiian Chanters:</b> Keaulumoku, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%60opulupulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka`opulupulu (page does not exist)">Ka`opulupulu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapoukahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapoukahi (page does not exist)">Kapoukahi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapihe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapihe (page does not exist)">Kapihe</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hewahewa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haili_Church_Choir" title="Haili Church Choir">Haili Church Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa_Keawe" title="Genoa Keawe">Genoa Keawe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kinney" title="Ray Kinney">Ray Kinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Pahinui" title="Gabby Pahinui">Gabby Pahinui</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Songs honored:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alika_(song)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alika (song) (page does not exist)">Alika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalama%27ula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalama'ula (page does not exist)">Kalama'ula</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wehiwehi_%27Oe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wehiwehi 'Oe (page does not exist)">Wehiwehi 'Oe </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_Schools" title="Kamehameha Schools">Kamehameha Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahauanu_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahauanu Lake (page does not exist)">Kahauanu Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaiaha%CA%BBo_Church" title="Kawaiahaʻo Church">Kawaiahaʻo Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Alohikea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Alohikea (page does not exist)">Alfred Alohikea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahauanu_Lake_Trio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahauanu Lake Trio (page does not exist)">Kahauanu Lake Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ali%27iloa_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Ali'iloa Lincoln">Bill Ali'iloa Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_W._Waia%60u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry W. Waia`u (page does not exist)">Henry W. Waia`u</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahi_Beamer" title="Mahi Beamer">Mahi Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Cazimero" title="The Brothers Cazimero">The Brothers Cazimero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K.L._Davis" title="Charles K.L. Davis">Charles K.L. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Dela_Cruz" title="Linda Dela Cruz">Linda Dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nina_Keali%60iwahamana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nina Keali`iwahamana (page does not exist)">Nina Keali`iwahamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Veary" title="Emma Veary">Emma Veary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Ka%27iwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Ka'iwa (page does not exist)">Bill Ka'iwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Kalima" title="Jesse Kalima">Jesse Kalima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Kamae" title="Eddie Kamae">Eddie Kamae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_McDiarmid_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald McDiarmid Sr. (page does not exist)">Donald McDiarmid Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Moon_(musician)" title="Peter Moon (musician)">Peter Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_Sai" title="Marlene Sai">Marlene Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pi%27ilani_Watkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pi'ilani Watkins (page does not exist)">John Pi'ilani Watkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Ae%27a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Ae'a (page does not exist)">Joseph Ae'a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_%22Lizzie%22_Kahau_Kauanui_Alohikea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth "Lizzie" Kahau Kauanui Alohikea (page does not exist)">Elizabeth "Lizzie" Kahau Kauanui Alohikea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anuhea_Audrey_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anuhea Audrey Brown (page does not exist)">Anuhea Audrey Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kihei_Desha_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Kihei Desha Brown (page does not exist)">Thomas Kihei Desha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Angeline_Johnson" title="Alice Angeline Johnson">Alice Angeline Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Keola_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Keola Lake (page does not exist)">John Keola Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Po%27ai_Nahale-a_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Po'ai Nahale-a Sr. (page does not exist)">Albert Po'ai Nahale-a Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Nahenahe_Singers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Nahenahe Singers (page does not exist)">Leo Nahenahe Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani_Vaughan" title="Palani Vaughan">Palani Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Ka%CA%BBupena_Wong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Kaʻupena Wong (page does not exist)">James Kaʻupena Wong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hui_Ohana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hui Ohana (page does not exist)">Hui Ohana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Sylvester_Kalama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Sylvester Kalama (page does not exist)">Thomas Sylvester Kalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kamakahi" title="Dennis Kamakahi">Dennis Kamakahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27iki_Aiu_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'iki Aiu Lake">Ma'iki Aiu Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_Lee" title="Kui Lee">Kui Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Namaka_Bacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pat Namaka Bacon (page does not exist)">Pat Namaka Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andy_Cummings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andy Cummings (page does not exist)">Andy Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Ka%CA%BBai" title="Ernest Kaʻai">Ernest Kaʻai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Kauhi_Quartet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Kauhi Quartet (page does not exist)">Richard Kauhi Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keali%27i_Reichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Keali'i Reichel">Keali'i Reichel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Ilalaole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Ilalaole (page does not exist)">Joseph Ilalaole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Kalama" title="Benny Kalama">Benny Kalama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Li%27a_Kalainaina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Li'a Kalainaina (page does not exist)">Sam Li'a Kalainaina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akoni_Mika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akoni Mika (page does not exist)">Akoni Mika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Namakelua" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice Namakelua">Alice Namakelua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olomana_(Hawaiian_music_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olomana (Hawaiian music group) (page does not exist)">Olomana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pihanui_Kuluwaimaka_Palea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Pihanui Kuluwaimaka Palea (page does not exist)">James Pihanui Kuluwaimaka Palea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_Leo_Hawai%E2%80%98i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka Leo Hawai‘i (page does not exist)">Ka Leo Hawai‘i</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Kainapau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Kainapau (page does not exist)">George Kainapau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaha_Sons_of_Ni%27ihau" class="mw-redirect" title="Makaha Sons of Ni'ihau">Makaha Sons of Ni'ihau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Na%27ope" class="mw-redirect" title="George Na'ope">George Na'ope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Owens" title="Harry Owens">Harry Owens</a></li> <li><b>Song honored:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Ponoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Ponoi">Hawaii Ponoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamaka_Ukulele" title="Kamaka Ukulele">Kamaka Hawaii, Inc.</a> (ukulele maker)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_H._Kane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew H. Kane (page does not exist)">Matthew H. Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iolani_Luahine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iolani Luahine">Iolani Luahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napua_Stevens" title="Napua Stevens">Napua Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Ho" title="Don Ho">Don Ho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Calls" title="Hawaii Calls">Hawaii Calls</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Chillingworth" title="Sonny Chillingworth">Sonny Chillingworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Kawelohea_McKinzie" title="Edith Kawelohea McKinzie">Edith Kawelohea McKinzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puakea_Nogelmeier" title="Puakea Nogelmeier">Puakea Nogelmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Noa" title="Beverly Noa">Beverly Noa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lani_Custino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lani Custino (page does not exist)">Lani Custino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lokalia_Montgomery" title="Lokalia Montgomery">Lokalia Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_Collins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei Collins (page does not exist)">Lei Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halekulani_Girls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halekulani Girls (page does not exist)">Halekulani Girls</a> (Alice Fredlund, Sybil Bright Andrews, Linda Dela Cruz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Byrd" title="Jerry Byrd">Jerry Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darrell_Lupenui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darrell Lupenui (page does not exist)">Darrell Lupenui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaddius_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaddius Wilson (page does not exist)">Thaddius Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Brian_Eselu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'Brian Eselu (page does not exist)">O'Brian Eselu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Noble" title="Johnny Noble">Johnny Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_%E2%80%9CKini%E2%80%9D_Sullivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean “Kini” Sullivan (page does not exist)">Jean “Kini” Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kaimikaua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kaimikaua (page does not exist)">John Kaimikaua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamo_Howell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamo Howell (page does not exist)">Mamo Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaleikini" title="Danny Kaleikini">Danny Kaleikini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_%E2%80%9CBabe%E2%80%9D_Bell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard “Babe” Bell (page does not exist)">Richard “Babe” Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Isaacs_%E2%80%98Ohana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Isaacs ‘Ohana (page does not exist)">The Isaacs ‘Ohana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Kanaka%E2%80%99ole_%E2%80%98Ohana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Kanaka’ole ‘Ohana (page does not exist)">The Kanaka’ole ‘Ohana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krash_Kealoha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krash Kealoha (page does not exist)">Krash Kealoha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_%22Skylark%22_Rossetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacqueline "Skylark" Rossetti (page does not exist)">Jacqueline "Skylark" Rossetti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimo_Kahoano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimo Kahoano (page does not exist)">Kimo Kahoano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Keawehawai%E2%80%99i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Keawehawai’i (page does not exist)">Karen Keawehawai’i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melveen_Leed" title="Melveen Leed">Melveen Leed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Kamakawiwo%CA%BBole" title="Israel Kamakawiwoʻole">Israel Kamakawiwoʻole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beamer_%E2%80%98Ohana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beamer ‘Ohana (page does not exist)">Beamer ‘Ohana</a> (Nona, Keola, Kapono)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bray_%E2%80%98Ohana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bray ‘Ohana (page does not exist)">Bray ‘Ohana</a> (Daddy and Lydia Bray)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho%E2%80%98opi%E2%80%98i_Brothers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ho‘opi‘i Brothers (page does not exist)">Ho‘opi‘i Brothers</a> (Richard and Solomon)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahananui_%E2%80%98Ohana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahananui ‘Ohana (page does not exist)">Kahananui ‘Ohana</a> (Dorothy Kahananui and Dorothy Gillett)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saichi_Kawahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saichi Kawahara (page does not exist)">Saichi Kawahara</a></li> <li><b>Literary award:</b> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=He_Mele_Aloha:_A_Hawaiian_Songbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="He Mele Aloha: A Hawaiian Songbook (page does not exist)">He Mele Aloha: A Hawaiian Songbook</a></i> (Vicky Hollinger, Kimo Hussey, Puakea Nogelmeier, Carol Wilcox), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Queen%E2%80%99s_Songbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Queen’s Songbook (page does not exist)">The Queen’s Songbook</a></i> (Dorothy Kahananui Gillett, Barbara Smith and Hui Hanai)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pua_Ha%CA%BBaheo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pua Haʻaheo (page does not exist)">Pua Haʻaheo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marta_Hohu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marta Hohu (page does not exist)">Marta Hohu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leila_Hohu_Kiaha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leila Hohu Kiaha (page does not exist)">Leila Hohu Kiaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_%E2%80%9CFeet%E2%80%9D_Rogers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David “Feet” Rogers (page does not exist)">David “Feet” Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_B._Soria_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry B. Soria Jr. (page does not exist)">Harry B. Soria Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Kau%27i_Zuttermeister" title="Emily Kau'i Zuttermeister">Emily Kau'i Zuttermeister</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_Room_musicians_from_Lexington_Hotel,_NYC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawaiian Room musicians from Lexington Hotel, NYC (page does not exist)">Hawaiian Room musicians from Lexington Hotel, NYC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Paused due to the global pandemic</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ah_See" title="Jules Ah See">Jules Ah See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ah_See" title="Jules Ah See">Jules Ah See</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kihei_de_Silva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kihei de Silva (page does not exist)">Kihei de Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mapuana_de_Silva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mapuana de Silva (page does not exist)">Mapuana de Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawaikapuokalani_Hewett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawaikapuokalani Hewett (page does not exist)">Kawaikapuokalani Hewett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Kalama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Kalama (page does not exist)">David Kalama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makua_Laiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makua Laiana (page does not exist)">Makua Laiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lyons" title="Lorenzo Lyons">Lorenzo Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_P._Robins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary P. Robins (page does not exist)">Mary P. Robins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&oldid=1254540091">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&oldid=1254540091</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1770s_births" title="Category:1770s births">1770s births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1837_deaths" title="Category:1837 deaths">1837 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Oahu" title="Category:People from Oahu">People from Oahu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Converts_to_Protestantism_from_pagan_religions" title="Category:Converts to Protestantism from pagan religions">Converts to Protestantism from pagan religions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hawaiian_Kingdom_Protestants" title="Category:Hawaiian Kingdom Protestants">Hawaiian Kingdom Protestants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hawaiian_nobility" title="Category:Hawaiian nobility">Hawaiian nobility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_leaders_from_Hawaii" title="Category:Religious leaders from Hawaii">Religious leaders from Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Converts_to_Christianity_from_Hawaiian_religion" title="Category:Converts to Christianity from Hawaiian religion">Converts to Christianity from Hawaiian religion</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_December_2019" title="Category:Use American English from December 2019">Use American English from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_December_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from December 2019">Use mdy dates from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biography_with_signature" title="Category:Biography with signature">Biography with signature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 14:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewahewa&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59b954b7fb-tbjc4","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.632","walltime":"0.821","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4053,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":93926,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3048,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":80514,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 650.503 1 -total"," 23.79% 154.729 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.14% 111.465 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 17.12% 111.377 7 Template:Cite_book"," 14.25% 92.723 2 Template:Navbox"," 13.51% 87.861 1 Template:Christianity_in_Hawaii"," 11.75% 76.422 14 Template:Sfn"," 11.54% 75.085 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.62% 43.063 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.17% 40.163 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.376","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7983798,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCharlot2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;arcy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmerson1893\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamakau1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinzie1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPukuiHaertigLee1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRalston1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSahlins1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSissons2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVelasco1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebb1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_FreycinetKelly1978\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Christianity in Hawaii\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 14,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-59b954b7fb-gtqj4","timestamp":"20241206105642","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hewahewa","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hewahewa","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q75186256","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q75186256","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-11-15T23:29:37Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T14:06:43Z","headline":"Hawaiian religious leader"}</script> </body> </html>