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href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ascensiunea_la_putere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascensiunea_la_putere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ascensiunea la putere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascensiunea_la_putere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidarea_puterii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidarea_puterii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Consolidarea puterii</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consolidarea_puterii-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Consolidarea puterii subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Consolidarea_puterii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modernizarea_Irakului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernizarea_Irakului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Modernizarea Irakului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernizarea_Irakului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succesiune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succesiune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Succesiune</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Succesiune-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Succesiune subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Succesiune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saddam_Hussein,_un_conducător_secular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saddam_Hussein,_un_conducător_secular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Saddam Hussein, un conducător secular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saddam_Hussein,_un_conducător_secular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afaceri_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afaceri_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Afaceri externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afaceri_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Războiul_contra_Iranului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Războiul_contra_Iranului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Războiul contra Iranului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Războiul_contra_Iranului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Războiul_din_Golf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Războiul_din_Golf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Războiul din Golf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Războiul_din_Golf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Al_Doilea_Război_din_Golf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al_Doilea_Război_din_Golf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Al Doilea Război din Golf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al_Doilea_Război_din_Golf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Condamnarea_și_executarea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condamnarea_și_executarea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Condamnarea și executarea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condamnarea_și_executarea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moartea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moartea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Moartea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moartea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saddam_în_media_artistică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saddam_în_media_artistică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Saddam în media artistică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saddam_în_media_artistică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saddam Hussein</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 129 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hoesein" title="Saddam Hoesein – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saddam Hoesein" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%9D_%E1%88%81%E1%88%B4%E1%8A%95" title="ሳዳም ሁሴን – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳዳም ሁሴን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="صدام حسين – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صدام حسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A8%DC%95%DC%90%DC%A1_%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%A2" title="ܨܕܐܡ ܚܘܣܝܢ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܨܕܐܡ ܚܘܣܝܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="صدام حسين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صدام حسين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="صدام حسين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صدام حسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadam_Husein" title="Sadam Husein – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sadam Husein" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99ddam_H%C3%BCseyn" title="Səddam Hüseyn – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səddam Hüseyn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صدام حسین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="صدام حسین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сәддам Хөсәйен – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәддам Хөсәйен" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Садам Хусейн – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Садам Хусейн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Садам Хусэйн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Садам Хусэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Саддам Хюсеин – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саддам Хюсеин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="সাদ্দাম হুসাইন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাদ্দাম হুসাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Husain" title="Saddam Husain – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saddam Husain" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadam_Husein" title="Sadam Husein – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sadam Husein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8E%D9%86" title="سەددام حوسێن – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەددام حوسێن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadd%C3%A1m_Husajn" title="Saddám Husajn – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saddám Husajn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seddam_H%C4%B1seyn" title="Seddam Hıseyn – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seddam Hıseyn" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="सद्दाम हुसेन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सद्दाम हुसेन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%90%CE%BD" title="Σαντάμ Χουσεΐν – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαντάμ Χουσεΐν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadam_Huse%C3%ADn" title="Sadam Huseín – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sadam Huseín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eadd%C4%81m_%E1%B8%A8usayn" title="Şaddām Ḩusayn – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Şaddām Ḩusayn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صدام حسین – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صدام حسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hoessein" title="Saddam Hoessein – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Saddam Hoessein" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Husayn" title="Saddam Husayn – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Saddam Husayn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="סדאם חוסיין – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סדאם חוסיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="सद्दाम हुसैन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सद्दाम हुसैन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szadd%C3%A1m_Huszein" title="Szaddám Huszein – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szaddám Huszein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Սադդամ Հուսեյն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սադդամ Հուսեյն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="サッダーム・フセイン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サッダーム・フセイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სადამ ჰუსეინი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სადამ ჰუსეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Саддам Хусейн – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Саддам Хусейн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93" title="សាដាម ហ៊ូសេន – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាដាម ហ៊ូសេន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸದ್ದಾಮ್ ಹುಸೇನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸದ್ದಾಮ್ ಹುಸೇನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%8B%B4_%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="사담 후세인 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사담 후세인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صدام حسین – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="صدام حسین" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedam_Huseyn" title="Sedam Huseyn – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedam Huseyn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Саддам Хусейн – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Саддам Хусейн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddamus_Husseinus" title="Saddamus Husseinus – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saddamus Husseinus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hoessein" title="Saddam Hoessein – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Saddam Hoessein" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadamas_Huseinas" title="Sadamas Huseinas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sadamas Huseinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadams_Huseins" title="Sadams Huseins – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sadams Huseins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="सद्दाम हुसेन – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सद्दाम हुसेन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Садам Хусеин – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Садам Хусеин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="സദ്ദാം ഹുസൈൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സദ്ദാം ഹുസൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Саддам Хусейн – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Саддам Хусейн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯝ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯝ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="सद्दाम हुसेन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सद्दाम हुसेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%92%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B0%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဆဒမ် ဟူစိန် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆဒမ် ဟူစိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صدام حسین – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="صدام حسین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="सद्दाम हुसेन – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सद्दाम हुसेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="सद्दाम हुसेन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सद्दाम हुसेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hoessein" title="Saddam Hoessein – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saddam Hoessein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Husayn" title="Saddam Husayn – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Saddam Husayn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE_%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ସଦ୍ଦାମ ହୁସେନ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସଦ୍ଦାମ ହୁସେନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਦਾਮ ਹੁਸੈਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਦਾਮ ਹੁਸੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Husajn" title="Saddam Husajn – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saddam Husajn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صدام حسین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صدام حسین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صدام حسین – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="صدام حسین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Саддам Хусейн – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саддам Хусейн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="सद्दाम हुसेन् – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सद्दाम हुसेन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadam_Husein" title="Sadam Husein – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sadam Husein" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="සදාම් හුසේන් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සදාම් හුසේන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadd%C3%A1m_Husajn" title="Saddám Husajn – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saddám Husajn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadam_Husein" title="Sadam Husein – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sadam Husein" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadaam_Xuseen" title="Sadaam Xuseen – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sadaam Xuseen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadam_Huseini" title="Sadam Huseini – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sadam Huseini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Садам Хусеин – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Садам Хусеин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சதாம் உசேன் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சதாம் உசேன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సద్దామ్ హుసేన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సద్దామ్ హుసేన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D2%B2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Саддом Ҳусайн – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саддом Ҳусайн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99" title="ซัดดัม ฮุสเซน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซัดดัม ฮุสเซน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Huse%C3%BDn" title="Saddam Huseýn – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Saddam Huseýn" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99ddam_Husejn" title="Səddam Husejn – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Səddam Husejn" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_H%C3%BCseyin" title="Saddam Hüseyin – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saddam Hüseyin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сәддам Хөсәен – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сәддам Хөсәен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Саддам Хусейн – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саддам Хусейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صدام حسین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدام حسین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Husayn" title="Saddam Husayn – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saddam Husayn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hosseyn" title="Saddam Hosseyn – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Saddam Hosseyn" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0" title="萨达姆·侯赛因 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨达姆·侯赛因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სადამ ჰუსეინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სადამ ჰუსეინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F" title="סאדאם כוסעין – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאדאם כוסעין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0" title="萨达姆·侯赛因 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨达姆·侯赛因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E9%81%94%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E7%8F%8A" title="薩達姆·海珊 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="薩達姆·海珊" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Saddam Hussein" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E9%81%94%E5%A7%86%E4%BE%AF%E8%B3%BD%E5%9B%A0" title="薩達姆侯賽因 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="薩達姆侯賽因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1316#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Versiunea pentru tipărire nu mai este suportată și poate avea erori de randare. Vă rugăm să vă actualizați bookmarkurile browserului și să folosiți funcția implicită de tipărire a browserului.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet biografii" style="background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;">Saddam Hussein</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Saddam_Hussain_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Saddam_Hussain_1980.jpg/220px-Saddam_Hussain_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Saddam_Hussain_1980.jpg/330px-Saddam_Hussain_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Saddam_Hussain_1980.jpg/440px-Saddam_Hussain_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="714" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span>Saddam Hussein în 1980</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Nume la naștere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Poreclă</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span lang="es">El carnicero de Bagdad</span>, <span lang="ar">جزار بغداد</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P1449" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/28_aprilie" title="28 aprilie">28 aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1937-04-28</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Awja" title="Al-Awja">Al-Awja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincia_Saladin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provincia Saladin — pagină inexistentă">Provincia Saladin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="2006-12-30">30 decembrie 2006</time> (69 de ani)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadhimiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadhimiya — pagină inexistentă">Kadhimiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>, Irak</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Înmormântat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Al-Awja" title="Al-Awja">Al-Awja</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P119" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cauza decesului</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Pedeapsa_cu_moartea" title="Pedeapsa cu moartea">pedeapsa cu moartea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A2nzurare" title="Spânzurare">spânzurare</a>) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P509" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Părinți</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16051068" class="extiw" title="d:Q16051068"><span lang="en">Hussein 'Abid al-Majid</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Hussein 'Abid al-Majid</span> (scriitor irakian)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631165" class="extiw" title="d:Q7631165"><span lang="en">Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat</span> |]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P22" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Căsătorit cu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sajida_Talfah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sajida Talfah — pagină inexistentă">Sajida Talfah</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samira_Shahbandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samira Shahbandar — pagină inexistentă">Samira Shahbandar</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Număr de copii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">6 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P1971" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Copii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Uday_Hussein" title="Uday Hussein">Uday Hussein</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qusay_Hussein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qusay Hussein — pagină inexistentă">Qusay Hussein</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raghad_Hussein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raghad Hussein — pagină inexistentă">Raghad Hussein</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Hussein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rana Hussein — pagină inexistentă">Rana Hussein</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hala_Hussein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hala Hussein — pagină inexistentă">Hala Hussein</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cetățenie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Iraq_(1924%E2%80%931959).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149805" class="extiw" title="d:Q149805">Regatul Irakului</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regatul_Irakului_(monarhie_%C3%AEn_Orientul_Mijlociu_(1921-1958))&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regatul Irakului (monarhie în Orientul Mijlociu (1921-1958)) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><small> (<time datetime="1937">1937</time>–<time datetime="1958">1958</time>)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Iraq_(1963%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3041595" class="extiw" title="d:Q3041595"><span lang="en">Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)</span> (state forged in 1958 in Iraq and ended in 1968)|]]</span><small> (<time datetime="1958">1958</time>–<time datetime="1968">1968</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108185" class="extiw" title="d:Q3108185">Irakul Ba'athist</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irakul_Ba%27athist_(the_Republic_of_Iraq_from_1968_to_2003_during_the_time_of_Ba%27athism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irakul Ba'athist (the Republic of Iraq from 1968 to 2003 during the time of Ba'athism) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><small> (<time datetime="1968">1968</time>–<time datetime="2004">2004</time>)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Iraq_(2004%E2%80%932008).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a><small> (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>–<time datetime="2006">2006</time>)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P27" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Religie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunnism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnism">Sunnism</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Militar" title="Militar">militar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Scriitor" title="Scriitor">scriitor</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6625963" class="extiw" title="d:Q6625963">romancier</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romancier_(autor_de_romane)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romancier (autor de romane) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bionar" title="Revoluționar">revoluționar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">limba arabă</a><sup id="cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <a href="/wiki/Pre%C8%99edinte" title="Președinte">Președinte</a> al <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irakului</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br />16 iulie 1979 – 9 aprilie 2003</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Prim-ministru</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="NavHead" align="left" style="width:96%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000)"></div><div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%27dun_Hammadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa'dun Hammadi — pagină inexistentă">Sa'dun Hammadi</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Hamza_Zubeidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi — pagină inexistentă">Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Husayn_Khudayir_as-Samarrai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai — pagină inexistentă">Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr — pagină inexistentă">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autoritatea_provizorie_de_Coali%C8%9Bie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autoritatea provizorie de Coaliție — pagină inexistentă">Autoritatea provizorie de Coaliție</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Președinte al Consiliului de Comandament Revoluționar al Irakului</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br />16 iulie 1979 – 9 aprilie 2003</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr — pagină inexistentă">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><i>funcție desființată</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prim-ministru_al_Irakului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prim-ministru al Irakului — pagină inexistentă">Prim-ministru al Irakului</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br />29 mai 1994 – 9 aprilie 2003</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Husayn_Khudayir_as-Samarrai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai — pagină inexistentă">Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Bahr_al-Ulloum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum — pagină inexistentă">Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum</a> <small>(ca Președinte interimar al Consiliului de Guvernare a Irakului)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br />16 iulie 1979 – 23 martie 1991</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr — pagină inexistentă">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%27dun_Hammadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa'dun Hammadi — pagină inexistentă">Sa'dun Hammadi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px"> Secretar al Comandamentului Național a Partidului Socialist al Renașterii Arabe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba'ath — pagină inexistentă">Ba'ath</a> (Baas)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>În funcție</b><br />ianuarie 1992 – 30 decembrie 2006</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Precedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Succedat de</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><i>Vacant</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Premii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17365974" class="extiw" title="d:Q17365974">Ordinul Isabelei Catolica în grad de Mare Cruce</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinul_Isabelei_Catolica_%C3%AEn_grad_de_Mare_Cruce_(first_class_grade_of_the_Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinul Isabelei Catolica în grad de Mare Cruce (first class grade of the Order of Isabella the Catholic) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span> <small>(<time datetime="1974">1974</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29383181" class="extiw" title="d:Q29383181"><span lang="es">Collar de la Orden del Mérito Civil</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="es">Collar de la Orden del Mérito Civil</span> (Award given by the Spanish government)|]]</span> <small>(<time datetime="1978">1978</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2522577" class="extiw" title="d:Q2522577">Ordinul Stara Planina</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinul_Stara_Planina_(Bulgarian_state_honor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinul Stara Planina (Bulgarian state honor) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1991972" class="extiw" title="d:Q1991972">Ordinul José Marti</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinul_Jos%C3%A9_Marti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinul José Marti — pagină inexistentă"></a></span> <small>(<time datetime="1978">1978</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56452120" class="extiw" title="d:Q56452120"><span lang="en">Detroit Key</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Detroit Key</span> (order)|]]</span> <small>(<time datetime="1980">1980</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864037" class="extiw" title="d:Q864037"><span lang="en">Order of Mubarak the Great</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Order of Mubarak the Great</span> (award)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747248" class="extiw" title="d:Q747248"><span lang="sl">red jugoslovanske zvezde</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="sl">red jugoslovanske zvezde</span> (award)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3885229" class="extiw" title="d:Q3885229"><span lang="en">Order of the Two Rivers</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Order of the Two Rivers</span> (Order awarded by the Kings and Presidents of Iraq)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703201" class="extiw" title="d:Q2703201">Ordinul de Merit Civil</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinul_de_Merit_Civil_(Spanish_order_of_merit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinul de Merit Civil (Spanish order of merit) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q1316"><small>...mai multe...</small></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Partid politic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba'ath — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Socialist al Renașterii Arabe Ba'ath</a> (Baas) (1957–1966)<br />Partidul Socialist Arab Ba'ath – Regiunea Irakului<br />(1966–2006)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ideologie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Baasism" title="Baasism">Baasism</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316#P1142" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Alte afilieri</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Frontul Progresist Național<br />(1974–2003)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194445" class="extiw" title="d:Q194445">Universitatea din Cairo</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitatea_din_Cairo_(public_university_with_its_main_campus_in_Giza,_Egypt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitatea din Cairo (public university with its main campus in Giza, Egypt) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><small> (<a href="/wiki/Drept" title="Drept">drept</a>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14711166" class="extiw" title="d:Q14711166"><span lang="en">Nolan Catholic High School</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Nolan Catholic High School</span> (high school in Texas, United States)|]]</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E6E6FA;color:#000;border-top-style: solid; border-color:#aaa; border-top-width: 1px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px">Semnătură</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Saddam_Hussein_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saddam_Hussein_Signature.svg/150px-Saddam_Hussein_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saddam_Hussein_Signature.svg/225px-Saddam_Hussein_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saddam_Hussein_Signature.svg/300px-Saddam_Hussein_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="89" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##E6E6FA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316" class="extiw" title="d:Q1316">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saddam_Hussein&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Om_politic" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, 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.infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Iraq,_Saddam_Hussein_(222).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Iraq%2C_Saddam_Hussein_%28222%29.jpg/200px-Iraq%2C_Saddam_Hussein_%28222%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Iraq%2C_Saddam_Hussein_%28222%29.jpg/300px-Iraq%2C_Saddam_Hussein_%28222%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Iraq%2C_Saddam_Hussein_%28222%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Saddam Hussein</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti</b> (în <a href="/wiki/Arab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabă">arabă</a>: <b>‏صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي</b>, pronunțat "Sadám Huseín Abd al-Majíd al-Tikríti; n. <time datetime="1937-04-28"><a href="/wiki/28_aprilie" title="28 aprilie">28 aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Awja" title="Al-Awja">Al-Awja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salah_ad_Din" title="Salah ad Din">Salah ad Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> – d. <time datetime="2006-12-30"><a href="/wiki/30_decembrie" title="30 decembrie">30 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Kazimain" title="Kazimain">Kazimain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagdad_(provincie)" title="Bagdad (provincie)">Bagdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>) a fost un politician irakian, <a href="/wiki/Pre%C8%99edinte" title="Președinte">președinte</a> al <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irakului</a> în perioada <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> - <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> și <a href="/wiki/Prim-ministru" title="Prim-ministru">prim-ministru</a> al acestei țări între <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> - <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> și <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> - <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>, secretar general al secției irakiene a partidului <a href="/wiki/Baasism" title="Baasism">Baas</a> (Partidul Socialist al Renașterii Arabe), <a href="/wiki/Mare%C8%99al" title="Mareșal">mareșal</a> (din 1979). Saddam a guvernat Irakul într-o manieră <a href="/wiki/Dictatur%C4%83" title="Dictatură">dictatorială</a> arbitrară, cu caracter semi-laic, a promovat o politică belicistă, inițiind un război lung și anevoios împotriva <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranului</a> și mai târziu o campanie fulger în care a cucerit și a anexat emiratul vecin al <a href="/wiki/Kuweit" title="Kuweit">Kuweitului</a>. Bazându-se ca și regimurile irakiene precedente pe hegemonia comunității musulmane sunite, a inițiat masacre împotriva populației <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ii%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Șiiți">șiite</a> (ex. masacrul de la Dujail din 1982) și a <a href="/wiki/Kurzi" title="Kurzi">kurzilor</a>, împotriva acestora din urmă uzând și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arma_chimic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arma chimică — pagină inexistentă">arme chimice</a> (contra localității Halabja), crime pentru care a fost judecat și executat. </p><p>Saddam a avut un rol cheie în lovitura de stat a partidului Baas din <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>. Ca vicepreședinte al Irakului în timpul președinției lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bakr — pagină inexistentă">al-Bakr</a>, care se îmbolnăvise în ultimii săi ani de viață, Saddam a clădit puternice forțe de securitate care i-au permis să controleze forțele armate și viața politică a țării și să consolideze dictatura. În urma unor măsuri de naționalizare a petrolului și a altor industrii la începutul anilor 1970, a reușit în prima parte a guvernării sale de facto și apoi ca președinte, să crească într mod considerabil nivelul de viață mediu în țară. </p><p>Saddam a rămas la putere în ciuda dezastruosului război împotriva <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranului</a> (<a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>-<a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>), și apoi a <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_din_Golf" title="Războiul din Golf">Războiului din Golf</a> din (<a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>-<a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>), care au adus un declin serios în condițiile de viață și condițiile umanitare din Irak. În timpul Războiului Golfului, pentru a-și atrage simpatia maselor arabe și musulmane din regiune, Saddam a lansat 60 de rachete contra teritoriului <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israelului</a>. După <a href="/wiki/Invazia_Irakului_din_2003" title="Invazia Irakului din 2003">invazia Irakului din 2003</a>, Saddam a fost răsturnat de la putere, a reușit să se ascundă vreme de opt luni, până ce a fost capturat în ascunzătoarea subterană unde se afla, lângă localitatea natală <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>, la data de <a href="/wiki/13_decembrie" title="13 decembrie">13 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. </p><p>În perioada post-Saddam foști militari, oameni de securitate și persoane în posturi de conducere legați de regimul său au fost îndepărtați din viața politică și din administrația țării și din armată, iar puterea a fost preluată, în urma alegerilor, de guverne dominate de reprezentanți ai partidelor șiite. O parte din fostele forțe de securitate și militare sunite ce fuseseră credincioase lui Saddam au pus bazele unor mișcări de rezistență și teroare sunite, din care cea mai eficientă și de temut este <a href="/wiki/Statul_Islamic" title="Statul Islamic">Statul Islamic al Irakului și al Levantului</a> sau Califatul Islamic (ISIS sau Daash). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2></div> <p>Saddam Hussein s-a născut în satul <a href="/wiki/Al-Awja" title="Al-Awja">Al-Awja</a>, lângă <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>, într-o familie de crescători de oi. Mama lui, Subha Tulfat al-Mussallah și-a numit nou-născutul "<b>Saddam</b>" (ceea ce înseamnă "încăpățânatul" sau "cel care confruntă" în <a href="/wiki/Arab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabă">arabă</a>) (صدام). El nu și-a cunoscut niciodată tatăl, Hussein 'Abd al-Majid, care a murit sau a dispărut la 5 luni înainte ca Saddam să se nască. La puțin timp după aceea, fratele lui Saddam a murit de cancer. În pruncie mama lui Saddam l-a abandonat și copilul a fost trimis la unchiul său, Khairallah Tulfah, unde a stat până la vârsta de trei ani. </p><p>Subha s-a remăritat, iar Saddam a locuit ulterior împreună cu trei dintre frații săi vitregi. Tatăl său vitreg, Ibrahim al-Hassan, s-a purtat față de el cu violență și l-a silit să fure. </p><p>La 10 ani, Saddam a fugit de acasă la unchiul său foarte religios din <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>. Îndrumat de acesta, a intrat într-o școală secundară naționalistă din <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>. La 20 ani, în <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>, Saddam s-a alăturat partidului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baas — pagină inexistentă">Baas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ascensiunea_la_putere">Ascensiunea la putere</h2></div> <p>În <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> ofițeri din armată conduși de <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Qassim" title="Abdul Karim Qassim">Abdul Karim Qassim</a> l-au răsturnat pe regele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisal_al_II-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisal al II-lea — pagină inexistentă">Faisal al II-lea</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baas — pagină inexistentă">Baasiștii</a> s-au opus noului regim, iar în <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> Saddam a luat parte la încercarea de a-l asasina pe Qassim (acum prim ministru). Saddam a fost rănit la picior, dar a reușit să fugă în <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>, de unde s-a mutat mai târziu în <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a> (Qassim l-a condamnat la moarte în contumacie), unde studiază dreptul la Universitatea din <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. </p><p>O nouă lovitură de stat din <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> a adus la putere partidul Baas, dar noul regim a fost răsturnat după 7-8 luni, fiind distrus de facționalism puternic. Saddam s-a întors în Irak, dar a fost arestat în <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> de noul regim anti-Baasist al lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rahman_%27Arif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rahman 'Arif — pagină inexistentă">Abdul Rahman 'Arif</a>. A evadat în <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> și a devenit unul din cei mai importanți membri ai partidului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consolidarea_puterii">Consolidarea puterii</h2></div> <p>În <a href="/wiki/Iulie" title="Iulie">iulie</a> <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> o altă lovitură de stat a adus partidul Baas la putere, sub generalul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr — pagină inexistentă">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a>. Saddam a fost numit vicepreședinte. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> Saddam a fost numit comandantul forțelor armate. Foarte repede a devenit centrul regimului, fiind conducătorul <i>de facto</i> al Irakului înainte de a prelua puterea în mod formal în <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>. Cu încetul, el și-a consolidat puterea asupra guvernului irakian și al partidului. Cum președintele al-Bakr era bătrân și slab și era mai puțin capabil să-și exercite obligațiile, Saddam a luat un rol din ce în ce mai mare în guvernarea Irakului, atât pe plan extern cât și intern. Cu timpul a devenit conducătorul nedisputat <i>de facto</i> al Irakului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernizarea_Irakului">Modernizarea Irakului</h3></div> <p>Saddam și-a consolidase puterea într-o țară cu tensiuni profunde. Mult înainte de Saddam, Irakul era împărțit în linii sociale, etnice, economice și religioase: musulman <a href="/wiki/Suni%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Suniți">suniți</a>-musulman <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ii%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Șiiți">șiiți</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kurzi" title="Kurzi">kurzi</a>, triburi rurale-locuitori ai orașelor, nomazi-țărani.Saddam și-a propus întărirea unității și modernizarea Irakului, în centrul căreia stăteau veniturile din <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrol</a>. Programul său politic prevedea: </p> <ul><li>exproprierea companiilor occidentale care s-a efectuat la <a href="/wiki/1_iunie" title="1 iunie">1 iunie</a> <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>. după Războiul de Yom Kipur și criza petrolului din 1973, prețurile petrolului au crescut si aceasta ar fi urmat să ajute la dezvoltarea țării</li> <li>"Campania națională pentru eradicarea analfabetismului" și campania pentru "Școlarizare obligatorie gratuită în Irak";</li> <li>inițierea spitalizărilor gratuite</li> <li>o revoluție în industriile de energie și în servicii publice, incluzând electrificarea fiecărui oraș</li> <li>crearea de <i>cooperative</i> pentru antrenarea țăranilor necalificați</li> <li>dublarea cheltuielilor pentru agricultură între <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>-<a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>;</li> <li>a promis condiții mai bune de viață pentru țărani;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succesiune">Succesiune</h2></div> <p>În <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> al-Bakr a început tratative cu <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> (și ea pe atunci sub conducerea partidului Baas) pentru unificare. Președintele sirian <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> urma să devină conducător deputat într-o uniune (ceea ce l-ar fi dus pe Saddam în obscuritate). Dar înainte să se întâmple, al-Bakr a demisionat pe <a href="/wiki/16_iulie" title="16 iulie">16 iulie</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>. Saddam a asumat formal președinția. În timpul unei întâlniri cu conducătorii partidului Baas pe <a href="/wiki/22_iulie" title="22 iulie">22 iulie</a>, Saddam a citit o listă cu membri care credea că i se opun, care au fost executați. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saddam_Hussein,_un_conducător_secular"><span id="Saddam_Hussein.2C_un_conduc.C4.83tor_secular"></span>Saddam Hussein, un conducător secular</h3></div> <p>Saddam se vedea pe sine drept un revoluționar și modernizator, asemeni lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasser — pagină inexistentă">Nasser</a>. Spre disperarea conservatorilor islamiști, guvernul a dat femeilor drepturi în plus și le-a oferit slujbe în guvern sau industrie. De asemenea Saddam a creat un nou sistem legislativ, menținând Irakul ca unq din statele musulmane care nu erau conduse după dreptul religios musulman (<a href="/wiki/%C8%98aria" title="Șaria">Șaria</a>). Saddam a abolit judecătoriile Șaria cu excepția celor pentru daune personale. Totuși, conflicte interne au încetinit programele sale de modernizare, fiind urât de către șiiți și kurzi. Nevoia de stabilitate si unitate a servit drept pretext pentru conducerea sa dictatorială, bazată mai ales pe sprijinul arabilor suniți. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afaceri_externe">Afaceri externe</h3></div> <p>În afacerile externe, Saddam voia ca Irakul să aibă un rol major în Orientul Mijlociu. În <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> Irakul a semnat un pact de ajutor cu <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a>, care a trimis arme și sfătuitori. Totuși execuțiile comuniștilor irakieni din <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> și comerțul intensificat cu Occidentul au înrăutățit relațiile cu URSS. Saddam a călătorit în Franța în <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>, întâlnindu-se cu <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> și dezvoltând relații apropiate cu cercurile conducătoare franceze. Tot el a condus opoziția arabă față de acordurile de pace de la <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a> în <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> între Egipt și Israel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Războiul_contra_Iranului"><span id="R.C4.83zboiul_contra_Iranului"></span>Războiul contra Iranului</h3></div> <p>În <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> șahul <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Reza_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Reza Pahlavi">Mohammed Reza Pahlavi</a> a fost răsturnat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolu%C8%9Bia_islamic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revoluția islamică — pagină inexistentă">revoluția islamică</a>, care a instalat o republică teocratică condusă de ayatollahul <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a>. Saddam se temea că ideile radicale islamice, ostile conducerii laice, vor crește în influență asupra populației majoritare șiite din Irak. </p><p>între Khomeini și Saddam domnea o ostilitate veche. În <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> Khomeini a fost exilat din Iran, și s-a stabilit în orașul sfânt șiit irakian <a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Najaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Najaf — pagină inexistentă">An Najaf</a>. În <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>, Saddam a consimțit să-l expulzeze pe Khomeini, ceea ce se consideră de unii comentatori ca cea mai mare greșeală a sa. După revoluție, Khomeini a văzut în răsturnarea regimului lui Saddam o chestiune de maximă importanță. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/22_septembrie" title="22 septembrie">22 septembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> Irak a declarat război Iranului, intre altele pentru a ocupa zona de frontiera locuita de arabi a Iranului, numita Arabistan. În primii ani, forțele irakiene au avut succese, dar apoi în <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> s-au retras din țara vecină, transformând războiul rapid într-unul de uzură. Irakul a început din nou să câștige teren (fiind sprijinit de SUA sub <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>), și atunci în <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> Khomeini în final a consimțit la un armistițiu . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Războiul_din_Golf"><span id="R.C4.83zboiul_din_Golf"></span>Războiul din Golf</h3></div> <p>Saddam s-a găsit după război cu o datorie de aproximativ 75 miliarde dolari, în mare parte datorată Kuweitului și Americii. Saddam a făcut presiuni asupra Kuweit-ului pentru ca acesta din urmă să șteargă datoria Irakului către Kuweit (aprox. 30 miliarde). Saddam mai cerea și diminuarea producției de petrol a emiratului vecin. (Kuweitul pompa în continuu petrol din instalațiile sale, menținând prețul mic, în timp ce Irakul vindea petrol scump pentru a-și plăti datoria). </p><p>La 2 august 1990, irakienii au invadat Kuweitul, sub pretextul ca aceasta țară este un vechi teritoriu irakian. SUA a construit rapid o coaliție internațională sub egida ONU și a impus embargou asupra Irakului. La 16 ianuarie 1991 au început bombardamentele asupra Irakului, iar în februarie armata aliată i-a silit pe irakieni să se retragă dn Kuweit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Al_Doilea_Război_din_Golf"><span id="Al_Doilea_R.C4.83zboi_din_Golf"></span>Al Doilea Război din Golf</h4></div> <ul><li>Saddam Hussein a suferit diverse sancțiuni din partea ONU, una din ele fiind restricția deținerii de arme de distrugere în masă. Saddam Hussein a refuzat să accepte aceste sancțiuni, oricât de grave ar fi fost consecințele. De aceea, în anul 2003 a început cel de al doilea Război din Golf, între Irak și o coaliție de țări conduse de SUA.</li></ul> <ul><li>La data de 20 martie 2003 a început invazia coaliției în Irak. De aceea în Irak a fost lansată operațiunea "Operation Iraqi Freedom" (pentru eliberarea Irakului). Al treilea război din golf a luat sfârșit odată cu capturarea, detronarea și condamnarea la moarte a lui Saddam Hussein.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Condamnarea_și_executarea"><span id="Condamnarea_.C8.99i_executarea"></span>Condamnarea și executarea</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Saddam_Hussein_at_trial,_July_2004.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Saddam_Hussein_at_trial%2C_July_2004.JPEG/220px-Saddam_Hussein_at_trial%2C_July_2004.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Saddam_Hussein_at_trial%2C_July_2004.JPEG/330px-Saddam_Hussein_at_trial%2C_July_2004.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Saddam_Hussein_at_trial%2C_July_2004.JPEG/440px-Saddam_Hussein_at_trial%2C_July_2004.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Saddam Hussein judecat în 2004, la un an după ce a fost capturat</figcaption></figure> <p>Dictatorul irakian s-a ascuns în cele din urmă într-o groapă de lângă localitatea <a href="/wiki/Ad-Dawr" title="Ad-Dawr">Ad-Dawr</a>, din apropierea orașului său natal, <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>După capturarea sa de către trupele americane, Saddam a fost predat tribunalului penal irakian care l-a condamnat pe <a href="/wiki/5_noiembrie" title="5 noiembrie">5 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> la moarte iar la data de <a href="/wiki/26_decembrie" title="26 decembrie">26 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> verdictul a fost confirmat. Sentința a fost executată la <a href="/wiki/29_decembrie" title="29 decembrie">29 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> în timpul nopții, prin spânzurare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moartea">Moartea</h2></div> <p>Saddam trebuia executat până în zori, înainte de începerea unei sărbători musulmane. A fost spânzurat la ora 5, ora României. Călăii spun că Saddam a murit senin, cu Coranul în mână și înainte de a muri, ultimele sale cuvinte au fost un îndemn ca irakienii să fie uniți și să nu ia contactul cu iranienii. Trupul său a fost predat familiei, fiind îngropat după 24 ore de la execuție, după tradiția musulmană. A fost înmormântat în satul său natal <a href="/wiki/Al-Awja" title="Al-Awja">Al-Awja</a>, alături de fiii săi, uciși în războiul din anul 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saddam_în_media_artistică"><span id="Saddam_.C3.AEn_media_artistic.C4.83"></span>Saddam în media artistică</h2></div> <ul><li>2011 - <i>Saddam Hussein</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mister" class="mw-disambig" title="Mister">mister</a> dramatic în 3 acte, în limba <a href="/wiki/Ebraic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraică">ebraică</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Dramaturg" title="Dramaturg">dramaturgul</a> <a href="/wiki/Israelian" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelian">israelian</a> Yonatan Levi, a fost premiat la Festivalul de teatru fringe de la <a href="/wiki/Acra" title="Acra">Acra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/926874/National-Progressive-Front">„National Progressive Front”</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=National+Progressive+Front&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F926874%2FNational-Progressive-Front&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASaddam+Hussein" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.jo/books?id=4CfBKvsiWeQC&pg=PA494&lpg=PA494&dq=national+progressive+front+iraq&source=bl&ots=Sf1C3yIIhO&sig=TiKA6JaOL9mTOZvQPq_AAlNfF4E&hl=ar&sa=X&ei=ZoKnU_2XHdHY7AaXoICoDQ&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCA">„The Middle East and North Africa 2003”</a>. <i>google.jo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.jo&rft.atitle=The+Middle+East+and+North+Africa+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.jo%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4CfBKvsiWeQC%26pg%3DPA494%26lpg%3DPA494%26dq%3Dnational%2Bprogressive%2Bfront%2Biraq%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DSf1C3yIIhO%26sig%3DTiKA6JaOL9mTOZvQPq_AAlNfF4E%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DZoKnU_2XHdHY7AaXoICoDQ%26ved%3D0CGQQ6AEwCA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASaddam+Hussein" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/"><i>Autoritatea BnF</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2015-10-10">10 octombrie 2015</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autoritatea+BnF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.bnf.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASaddam+Hussein" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/world/newsid_3323000/3323347.stm">Despre capturarea lui Saddam Hussein pe situl BBC</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saddam_Hussein?uselang=ro">Saddam Hussein</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/sapte-luni-cu-saddam-393226.html">Șapte luni cu Saddam</a>, 3 februarie 2008, Toni Dumitru, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/ziarul-de-duminica/biografii-comentate-xxvii-saddam-hussein-un-dictator-sangeros-de-calin-hentea-11267127">Biografii comentate (XXVII). Saddam Hussein, un dictator sângeros</a>, 22 august 2013, Calin Hentea, <i>Ziarul de Duminică</i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_marcante_ale_R%C4%83zboiului_Rece" title="Format:Personalități marcante ale Războiului Rece"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_marcante_ale_R%C4%83zboiului_Rece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Personalități marcante ale Războiului Rece — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_marcante_ale_R%C4%83zboiului_Rece&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Personalități marcante ale <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Rece" title="Războiul Rece">Războiului Rece</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dwight_David_Eisenhower" title="Dwight David Eisenhower">Dwight David Eisenhower</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_P._Shultz" title="George P. Shultz">George P. Shultz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westmoreland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Westmoreland — pagină inexistentă">William Westmoreland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ethel_%C8%99i_Julius_Rosenberg" title="Ethel și Julius Rosenberg">Ethel și Julius Rosenberg</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldrich_Ames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldrich Ames — pagină inexistentă">Aldrich Ames</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harry_Gold" title="Harry Gold">Harry Gold</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Vissarionovici_Stalin" title="Iosif Vissarionovici Stalin">I. V. Stalin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gheorghi_Malenkov" title="Gheorghi Malenkov">Gheorghi Malenkov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Viaceslav_Molotov" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaceslav Molotov">Viaceslav Molotov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Grom%C3%AEko" title="Andrei Gromîko">Andrei Gromîko</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatoli_Dobr%C3%AEnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatoli Dobrînin — pagină inexistentă">Anatoli Dobrînin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kos%C3%AEghin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kosîghin">Alexei Kosîghin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Hru%C8%99ciov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikita Hrușciov">Nikita Hrușciov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brejnev" title="Leonid Brejnev">Leonid Brejnev</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iuri_Andropov" class="mw-redirect" title="Iuri Andropov">Iuri Andropov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Cernenko" title="Konstantin Cernenko">Konstantin Cernenko</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Gorbaciov" title="Mihail Gorbaciov">Mihail Gorbaciov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_R%C3%AEjkov" title="Nikolai Rîjkov">Nikolai Rîjkov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_%C8%98evardnadze" title="Eduard Șevardnadze">Eduard Șevardnadze</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ghenadi_Ianaev" title="Ghenadi Ianaev">Ghenadi Ianaev</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boris_El%C8%9Bin" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris Elțin">Boris Elțin</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ivanovici_Abel" title="Rudolf Ivanovici Abel">Rudolf Ivanovici Abel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Igor_Orlov" title="Igor Orlov">Igor Orlov</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleg_Gordievski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleg Gordievski — pagină inexistentă">Oleg Gordievski</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Burgess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Burgess — pagină inexistentă">Guy Burgess</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Maclean_(spion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Maclean (spion) — pagină inexistentă">Donald Maclean</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Poher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Poher — pagină inexistentă">Alain Poher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Federal%C4%83_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Federală Germania">RFG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Democrat%C4%83_German%C4%83" title="Republica Democrată Germană">RDG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht" title="Walter Ulbricht">Walter Ulbricht</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egon_Krenz" title="Egon Krenz">Egon Krenz</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Guillaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Günter Guillaume — pagină inexistentă">Günter Guillaume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Markus_Wolf" title="Markus Wolf">Markus Wolf</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Socialist%C4%83_Cehoslovacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Socialistă Cehoslovacia">Cehoslovacia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milan_Kundera" title="Milan Kundera">Milan Kundera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jan_Palach" title="Jan Palach">Jan Palach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotny — pagină inexistentă">Antonín Novotny</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Polon%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Polonă">Polonia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_Paul_al_II-lea" title="Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea">Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a> • <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka" title="Władysław Gomułka">Władysław Gomułka</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gierek" title="Edward Gierek">Edward Gierek</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Ungar%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Ungară">Ungaria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ty%C3%A1s_R%C3%A1kosi" title="Mátyás Rákosi">Mátyás Rákosi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imre Nagy (politician)">Imre Nagy</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r" title="János Kádár">János Kádár</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Horn" title="Gyula Horn">Gyula Horn</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Rajk" title="László Rajk">László Rajk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_N%C3%A9meth" title="Miklós Németh">Miklós Németh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gy%C3%B6rgy_L%C3%A1z%C3%A1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="György Lázár — pagină inexistentă">György Lázár</a> • <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Gr%C3%B3sz" title="Károly Grósz">Károly Grósz</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcelo_Caetano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcelo Caetano — pagină inexistentă">Marcelo Caetano</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lvaro_Cunhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Álvaro Cunhal — pagină inexistentă">Álvaro Cunhal</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salgueiro_Maia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salgueiro Maia — pagină inexistentă">Salgueiro Maia</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Soares" title="Mário Soares">Mário Soares</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Socialist%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Republica Socialistă România">România</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihai_Pacepa" title="Ion Mihai Pacepa">Ion Mihai Pacepa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mihai_al_Rom%C3%A2niei" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihai al României">Mihai al României</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Chivu Stoica</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Bulgar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Populară Bulgară">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Todor_Jivkov" title="Todor Jivkov">Todor Jivkov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Petar_Mladenov" class="mw-redirect" title="Petar Mladenov">Petar Mladenov</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Jeliu_Jelev" title="Jeliu Jelev">Jeliu Jelev</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Kolarov" title="Vasil Kolarov">Vasil Kolarov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Simeon_al_II-lea_al_Bulgariei" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon al II-lea al Bulgariei">Simeon al II-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gheorghi_Dimitrov" title="Gheorghi Dimitrov">Gheorghi Dimitrov</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Federativ%C4%83_Iugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Federativă Iugoslavia">Iugoslavia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ribar" title="Ivan Ribar">Ivan Ribar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ante_Markovi%C4%87" title="Ante Marković">Ante Marković</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mesi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Mesić">Stjepan Mesić</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hodja" title="Enver Hodja">Enver Hodja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Berlinguer" title="Enrico Berlinguer">Enrico Berlinguer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_al_Spaniei" title="Juan Carlos I al Spaniei">Juan Carlos I</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Carrero-Blanco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Carrero-Blanco — pagină inexistentă">Luis Carrero-Blanco</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_al_XII-lea" title="Papa Pius al XII-lea">papa Pius al XII-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_al_XXIII-lea" title="Papa Ioan al XXIII-lea">papa Ioan al XXIII-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Papa_Paul_al_VI-lea" title="Papa Paul al VI-lea">papa Paul al VI-lea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Casaroli" title="Agostino Casaroli">Agostino Casaroli</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Poggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Poggi — pagină inexistentă">Luigi Poggi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">China</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> • <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Chinez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Chineză">Republica Chineză</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Republica Cuba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King — pagină inexistentă">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_St._Laurent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis St. Laurent — pagină inexistentă">Louis St. Laurent</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lester_B._Pearson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lester B. Pearson — pagină inexistentă">Lester Pearson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Clark — pagină inexistentă">Joe Clark</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Turner — pagină inexistentă">John Turner</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Mulroney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Mulroney — pagină inexistentă">Brian Mulroney</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Orientul<br /> Apropiat </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" class="mw-redirect" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" class="mw-redirect" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_Jadid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah Jadid — pagină inexistentă">Salah Jadid</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammad Mosaddegh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Karim_Qasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Karim Qasim — pagină inexistentă">Abd al-Karim Qasim</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr — pagină inexistentă">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saddam Hussein</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestina">Palestina</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Sud" title="Coreea de Sud">Coreea de Sud</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung-hee" title="Park Chung-hee">Park Chung-hee</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ho_%C8%98i_Min" title="Ho Și Min">Ho Și Min</a> • <a href="/wiki/Le_Duan" title="Le Duan">Le Duan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngo Dinh Diem">Ngo Dinh Diem</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thi%E1%BB%87u" title="Nguyễn Văn Thiệu">Nguyễn Văn Thiệu</a>  • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1p" title="Võ Nguyên Giáp">Võ Nguyên Giáp</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kakuei_Tanaka" title="Kakuei Tanaka">Kakuei Tanaka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Yasuhiro Nakasone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Kaifu" title="Toshiki Kaifu">Toshiki Kaifu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Cambodgia" title="Cambodgia">Cambodgia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lon_Nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lon Nol — pagină inexistentă">Lon Nol</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Hatta — pagină inexistentă">Mohammad Hatta</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Malik — pagină inexistentă">Adam Malik</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto — pagină inexistentă">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq — pagină inexistentă">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine">Filipine</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fidel_V._Ramos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fidel V. Ramos — pagină inexistentă">Fidel V. Ramos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Najibullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Najibullah — pagină inexistentă">Mohammad Najibullah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">America <br />Latină </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Videla" title="Jorge Videla">Jorge Rafael Videla</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopoldo_Galtieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopoldo Galtieri — pagină inexistentă">Leopoldo Galtieri</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Brazilia" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" title="Getúlio Vargas">Getúlio Vargas</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C3%ADs_Carlos_Prestes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luís Carlos Prestes — pagină inexistentă">Luís Prestes</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonel_Brizola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonel Brizola — pagină inexistentă">Leonel Brizola</a></div> </td></tr> 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