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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-普什圖語文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#普什圖語文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>普什圖語文字</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-普什圖語文字-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关普什圖語文字子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-普什圖語文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-傳統普什圖語字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#傳統普什圖語字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>傳統普什圖語字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-傳統普什圖語字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-普什圖語特有字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#普什圖語特有字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>普什圖語特有字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-普什圖語特有字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-阿拉伯字母拼寫方案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿拉伯字母拼寫方案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>阿拉伯字母拼寫方案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿拉伯字母拼寫方案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西里爾字母拼寫方案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西里爾字母拼寫方案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>西里爾字母拼寫方案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西里爾字母拼寫方案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拉丁字母拼寫方案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拉丁字母拼寫方案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>拉丁字母拼寫方案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拉丁字母拼寫方案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>发音</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-发音-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关发音子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-发音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-辅音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#辅音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>辅音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-辅音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词汇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词汇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>词汇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词汇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>语法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中国的普什图语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国的普什图语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>中国的普什图语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国的普什图语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參閲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參閲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參閲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參閲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">普什图语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。130种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Афган бызшәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Афган бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasjtoe" title="Pasjtoe – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pasjtoe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%90%E1%88%BD%E1%89%B6" title="ፐሽቶ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፐሽቶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="पश्तो – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पश्तो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البشتوية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البشتوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88" title="لغة البشتو – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغة البشتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পশতু ভাষা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পশতু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_paxtu" title="Idioma paxtu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma paxtu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%9Ftu_dili" title="Puştu dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Puştu dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پشتو دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پشتو دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Пушту теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пушту теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschtunische_Sproch" title="Paschtunische Sproch – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Paschtunische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%89%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пущунски език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пущунски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পশতু ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশতু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachtoueg" title="Pachtoueg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pachtoueg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1tunski_jezik" title="Paštunski jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paštunski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paixtu" title="Paixtu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paixtu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%86" title="زمانی پەشتۆ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی پەشتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%9Fto_tili" title="Paşto tili – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Paşto tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1t%C5%A1tina" title="Paštština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paštština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pashto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pashto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschtunische_Sprache" title="Paschtunische Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paschtunische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%9Ftuki" title="Peştuki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Peştuki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtgbe" title="Pashtgbe – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Pashtgbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Παστού – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παστού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pashto" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%9Dtuna_lingvo" title="Paŝtuna lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paŝtuna lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_past%C3%BAn" title="Idioma pastún – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma pastún" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1tu_keel" title="Puštu keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puštu keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxtunera" title="Paxtunera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paxtunera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زبان پشتو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان پشتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1tun_kieli" title="Paštun kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paštun kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachto" title="Pachto – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pachto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschtu" title="Paschtu – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Paschtu" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phaistis" title="An Phaistis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Phaistis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_paxta" title="Lingua paxta – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua paxta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="પશ્તો ભાષા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પશ્તો ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto-ng%C3%AE" title="Pashto-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pashto-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%95" title="פשטו – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פשטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्तो भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्तो भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pashto" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1tunski_jezici" title="Paštunski jezici – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paštunski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastu_nyelv" title="Pastu nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pastu nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A9%D5%B8" title="Փաշթո – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փաշթո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pastun" title="Lingua pastun – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua pastun" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Pashtun" title="Bahasa Pashtun – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Pashtun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Pashto" title="Pagsasao a Pashto – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Pashto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto-linguo" title="Pashto-linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pashto-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past%C3%BA" title="Pastú – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pastú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pashtu" title="Lingua pashtu – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua pashtu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="パシュトー語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パシュトー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3" title="პუშტუ – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პუშტუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Пуштубзэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Пуштубзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Pashto" title="Bahasa Pashto – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Pashto" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Пушту тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пушту тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC" title="ភាសាប៉ាស្តូ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាប៉ាស្តូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%8A%88%ED%86%A0%EC%96%B4" title="파슈토어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파슈토어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%97" title="پستوٗ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پستوٗ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_pe%C5%9Fto" title="Zimanê peşto – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê peşto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Pathanensis" title="Lingua Pathanensis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Pathanensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Pashtu" title="Lengua Pashtu – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua Pashtu" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengaz_pashtu" title="Lengaz pashtu – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lengaz pashtu" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_pashtu" title="Lengua pashtu – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua pashtu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1t%C5%ABn%C5%B3_kalba" title="Puštūnų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Puštūnų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1tu" title="Puštu – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Puštu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्तो भाषा – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पश्तो भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_past%C3%B4" title="Fiteny pastô – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny pastô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Pahit%C5%AB" title="Reo Pahitū – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Pahitū" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Паштунски јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Паштунски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81" title="പഷ്തു – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പഷ്തു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्तो भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पश्तो भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Pashto" title="Bahasa Pashto – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Pashto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပက်ရှ်တွန်းဘာသာစကား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပက်ရှ်တွန်းဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پشتو – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پشتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पस्तो भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पस्तो भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्तो भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पश्तो भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasjtoe" title="Pasjtoe – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pasjtoe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasjto" title="Pasjto – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pasjto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasjto_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Pasjto (språk) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pasjto (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pashto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B" title="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_paszto" title="Język paszto – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język paszto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پشتو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پشتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%9A%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پښتو – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پښتو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_past%C3%B3" title="Língua pastó – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua pastó" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtu_simi" title="Pashtu simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pashtu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_pa%C8%99tun%C4%83" title="Limba paștună – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba paștună" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_leid" title="Pashto leid – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pashto leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="پشتو ٻولي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پشتو ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1tunski_jezik" title="Paštunski jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paštunski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pashto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1t%C4%8Dina" title="Paštčina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paštčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پشتو زبان – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پشتو زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1tun%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Paštunščina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Paštunščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_pashto" title="Gjuha pashto – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha pashto" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Паштунски језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паштунски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Pastun" title="Basa Pastun – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Pastun" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pashto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%8Fdka_paszt%C5%8F" title="Gŏdka pasztŏ – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gŏdka pasztŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பஷ்தூ மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பஷ்தூ மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пашту – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пашту" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาปาทาน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาปาทาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%8D%93%E1%88%BD%E1%89%B6" title="ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቋንቋ ፓሽቶ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%9Ftu_dili" title="Puştu dili – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Puştu dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Pastun" title="Wikang Pastun – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Pastun" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%99%C5%A1to_zyvon" title="Pəšto zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Pəšto zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%9Ftuca" title="Peştuca – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peştuca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Пашто теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пашто теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%86%DB%95" title="پاشتوچە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پاشتوچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83" title="Пушту – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пушту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پشتو زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پشتو زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushtu_tili" title="Pushtu tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pushtu tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1tu" title="Puštu – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Puštu" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Pashtun" title="Tiếng Pashtun – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Pashtun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="普什图语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="普什图语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3" title="პუშტუ – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პუშტუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Pasht%C3%B3" title="Èdè Pashtó – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Pashtó" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Pashtun" title="Vah Pashtun – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Pashtun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto-g%C3%AD" title="Pashto-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pashto-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E6%96%87" title="普什圖文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="普什圖文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58680#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">普什图语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">پښتو</span>‎ / Pax̌tō</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">阿富汗：南部、东部、北部的少数省份；巴基斯坦：西部省份</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4,000-5,000萬 （2007–2009）<sup id="cite_ref-Penzl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penzl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="伊朗语支">伊朗语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东伊朗语支">东伊朗语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东南伊朗语支（页面不存在）">东南伊朗语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>普什图语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">阿拉伯字母<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8A%E6%8A%84%E4%BD%93" title="誊抄体">誊抄体</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ps">ps</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pus" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pus">pus</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">分別為：<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pus" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pus">pus</a></code> – 普什图语（一般）<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pst" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pst">pst</a></code> – 中普什图语<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pbu" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pbu">pbu</a></code> – 北普什图语<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pbt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pbt">pbt</a></code> – 南普什图语</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg/276px-Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="276" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg/414px-Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg/552px-Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption>普什圖語使用區域；主要分佈於阿富汗東南部，以及巴基斯坦西部和西北部地區(紫色區域).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>普什图语</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="普什圖語">普什圖語</a>：<span lang="ps" dir="rtl">پښتو</span>‎，<small>羅馬化：</small><i lang="ps-Latn" title="普什圖語羅馬化">Pax̌tō</i>，<small>國際音標：</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="國際音標標示發音" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標">[ˈpəʂt̪oː, ˈpəçt̪oː, ˈpʊxt̪oː]</a></span>），又译<b>帕圖語</b>，是中亞和南亞地區<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="普什图族">普什图族</a>民族<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>，在文獻上又稱作<b>阿富汗語</b>(<span lang="ps">افغاني</span>‎<sup id="cite_ref-Leyden_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leyden-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <span lang="en">Paṭhānī</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)，與<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕語</a>同屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印歐語</a>系東南伊朗語支的成員。<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_1983_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson_1983-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Darmesteter_1890_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darmesteter_1890-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>普什圖語、與西南伊朗語支的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a>同為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>的兩種<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方語言">官方語言</a><sup id="cite_ref-AC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，並且在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>西部和西北部地區屬於使用人數第二多的語言。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>方言差距很大，没有势力较强的标准音。而且很多普什图人通常也会操<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a>。阿富汗国歌的歌词即为普什图语。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="普什圖語文字"><span id=".E6.99.AE.E4.BB.80.E5.9C.96.E8.AA.9E.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>普什圖語文字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：普什圖語文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語字母（页面不存在）">普什圖語字母</a></div> <p>傳統普什圖語字母除了的阿拉伯字母拼寫；亦有西里爾字母拼寫，以及拉丁字母拼寫等方案。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="傳統普什圖語字母"><span id=".E5.82.B3.E7.B5.B1.E6.99.AE.E4.BB.80.E5.9C.96.E8.AA.9E.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>傳統普什圖語字母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：傳統普什圖語字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基本普什圖語44個字母:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div align="right" style="font-size:xxx-large;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p><sup>ﺍ ﺏ پ ﺕ ټ ﺙ ﺝ چ ﺡ ﺥ څ ځ ﺩ ډ ﺫ ﺭ ړ ﺯ ژ ږ ﺱ ﺵ ښ ﺹ ﺽ ﻁ ﻅ ﻉ ﻍ ﻑ ﻕ ک ګ ﻝ ﻡ ﻥ ڼ ﻭ ه ۀ ي ې ۍ ئ</sup> </p></blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="普什圖語特有字母"><span id=".E6.99.AE.E4.BB.80.E5.9C.96.E8.AA.9E.E7.89.B9.E6.9C.89.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>普什圖語特有字母</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：普什圖語特有字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在基本普什圖語中特有的11個字母: </p> <div align="left" style="font-size:xxx-large;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p><sup> ټ،څ، ځ، ډ، ړ، ږ، ښ، ګ، ڼ، ې ،ۍ</sup> </p></blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿拉伯字母拼寫方案"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E6.8B.89.E4.BC.AF.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E6.8B.BC.E5.AF.AB.E6.96.B9.E6.A1.88"></span>阿拉伯字母拼寫方案</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：阿拉伯字母拼寫方案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語字母（页面不存在）">普什圖語字母</a></div> <p>普什圖語<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a>拼寫方案、一般用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>傳統上的拼寫方式。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable Unicode" dir="rtl"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>字母 </th> <td><b>ا</b></td> <td><b>ب</b></td> <td><b>پ</b></td> <td><b>ت</b></td> <td><b>ټ</b></td> <td><b>ث</b></td> <td><b>ج</b></td> <td><b>ڃ</b></td> <td><b>چ</b></td> <td><b>ڇ</b></td> <td><b>څ</b></td> <td><b>ځ</b></td> <td><b>ح</b></td> <td><b>خ</b></td> <td><b>د</b></td> <td><b>ډ</b></td> <td><b>ذ</b></td> <td><b>ر</b></td> <td><b>ز</b></td> <td><b>ږ</b></td> <td><b>ژ</b></td> <td><b>ڙ</b></td> <td><b>س</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁雙唇塞音">b</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齿塞音">t̪</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞音">ʈ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦塞擦音">d͡ʒ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌塞擦音">ɖ͡ʐ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦塞擦音">t͡ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞擦音">ʈ͡ʂ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音">t͡s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦塞擦音">d͡z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清声门擦音">h</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清小舌擦音">χ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="浊齿塞音">d̪</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁捲舌塞音">ɖ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒擦音">ð</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦顫音">r</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦擦音">z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭擦音">ɣ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦擦音">ʒ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌擦音">ʐ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>字母 </th> <td><b>ښ</b></td> <td><b>ش</b></td> <td><b>ڜ</b></td> <td><b>ص</b></td> <td><b>ض</b></td> <td><b>ط</b></td> <td><b>ظ</b></td> <td><b>ع</b></td> <td><b>غ</b></td> <td><b>ف</b></td> <td><b>ڤ</b></td> <td><b>ق</b></td> <td><b>ک</b></td> <td><b>گ</b></td> <td><b>ل</b></td> <td><b>م</b></td> <td><b>ن</b></td> <td><b>و</b></td> <td><b>ه</b></td> <td><b>ۀ</b></td> <td><b>ي</b></td> <td><b>ی</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦擦音">ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌擦音">ʂ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦擦音">z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞音">t</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦擦音">z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後不圓唇元音">ɑ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭擦音">ɣ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音">f</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁唇齒擦音">v</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清小舌塞音">q</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭塞音">k</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭塞音">g</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈边近音">l</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音">n</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="濁圓唇軟腭近音">w</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清声门擦音">h</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中央元音">ə</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉後圓唇元音">u</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a>]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西里爾字母拼寫方案"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E9.87.8C.E7.88.BE.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E6.8B.BC.E5.AF.AB.E6.96.B9.E6.A1.88"></span>西里爾字母拼寫方案</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：西里爾字母拼寫方案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語西里爾化（页面不存在）">普什圖語西里爾化</a></div> <p>普什圖語西里爾字母拼寫方案延伸自同爲<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="伊朗语支">伊朗语支</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東伊朗語言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern Iranian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東伊朗語言（页面不存在）">東伊朗語言分支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Iranian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern Iranian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span>的帕卡琳娜<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a>西里爾字母拼寫方案，並基本上基於帕卡琳娜瓦罕语字母。<sup id="cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>普什圖語使用41個西里爾字母，都有大小寫兩種形式。多数字母為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a>，另外兼用一些的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">非斯拉夫语族字母</a>等。<sup id="cite_ref-kililwahan_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kililwahan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable Unicode"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>字母 </th> <td><b>А а</b></td> <td><b>А̄ а̄ </b></td> <td><b>Б б</b></td> <td><b>В в</b></td> <td><b>В̌ в̌</b></td> <td><b>Г г</b></td> <td><b>Г̌ г̌</b></td> <td><b>Д д</b></td> <td><b>Д̣ д̣</b></td> <td><b>Е е</b></td> <td><b>Ё ё</b></td> <td><b>Ж ж</b></td> <td><b>Ж̣ ж̣</b></td> <td><b>З з</b></td> <td><b>Ҙ ҙ</b></td> <td><b>И и</b></td> <td><b>Й й</b></td> <td><b>Ҋ ҋ</b></td> <td><b>К к</b></td> <td><b>Қ қ</b></td> <td><b>Л л</b></td> <td><b>М м</b></td> <td><b>Н н</b></td> <td><b>Ң ң</b></td> <td><b>Ӈ ӈ</b></td> <td><b>О о</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後不圓唇元音">ɑ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁雙唇塞音">b</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="濁圓唇軟腭近音">w</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭塞音">g</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭擦音">ɣ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="浊齿塞音">d̪</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁捲舌塞音">ɖ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦擦音">ʒ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌擦音">ʐ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦擦音">z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦塞擦音">d͡z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭近音">j</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊硬腭擦音">ʝ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭塞音">k</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清小舌塞音">q</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈边近音">l</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音">n</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌鼻音">ɳ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="軟腭鼻音">ŋ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉後圓唇元音">o</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>字母 </th> <td><b>П п</b></td> <td><b>Р р</b></td> <td><b>Р̌ р̌</b></td> <td><b>С с</b></td> <td><b>Т т</b></td> <td><b>Т̣ т̣</b></td> <td><b>У у</b></td> <td><b>Ф ф</b></td> <td><b>Х х</b></td> <td><b>Х̌ х̌</b></td> <td><b>Ҳ ҳ</b></td> <td><b>Ц ц</b></td> <td><b>Ч ч</b></td> <td><b>Ҷ ҷ</b></td> <td><b>Ш ш</b></td> <td><b>Ш̣ ш̣</b></td> <td><b>Щ щ</b></td> <td><b>Ꚗ ꚗ</b></td> <td><b>Ъ ъ</b></td> <td><b>Ы ы</b></td> <td><b>Ә ә</b></td> <td><b>Ь ь</b></td> <td><b>Э э</b></td> <td><b>Ю ю</b></td> <td><b>Я я</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦顫音">r</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%97%AA%E9%9F%B3" title="卷舌闪音">ɽ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齿塞音">t̪</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞音">ʈ</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉後圓唇元音">u</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音">f</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清声门擦音">h</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音">t͡s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦塞擦音">t͡ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦塞擦音">d͡ʒ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦擦音">ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌擦音">ʂ</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清硬腭擦音">ç</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中央元音">ə</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td>Ø</td> <td>Ø</td> <td>Ø </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拉丁字母拼寫方案"><span id=".E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E6.8B.BC.E5.AF.AB.E6.96.B9.E6.A1.88"></span>拉丁字母拼寫方案</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：拉丁字母拼寫方案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語拉丁化（页面不存在）">普什圖語拉丁化</a></div> <p>普什圖語拉丁字方案延伸自同爲伊朗语支東伊朗語言分支的帕卡琳娜<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a>拉丁字母拼寫方案，並基本上基於帕卡琳娜瓦罕语字母。此拉丁字母拼寫方案是由哈奇卡特·阿里（Haqiqat Ali）於1984年所創<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。普什圖語使用41個拉丁字母，都有大小寫兩種形式。多数字母为拉丁字母，另外兼用少数的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拉丁字母列表">拉丁修饰字母</a>、以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拉丁字母列表">擴展拉丁字母</a>等。<sup id="cite_ref-kililwahan_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kililwahan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable Unicode"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>字母 </th> <td><b>A a</b></td> <td><b>Ā ā</b></td> <td><b>B b</b></td> <td><b>C c</b></td> <td><b>Č č</b></td> <td><b>Ç ç</b></td> <td><b>D d</b></td> <td><b>Ḍ ḍ</b></td> <td><b>E e</b></td> <td><b>Ə ə</b></td> <td><b>F f</b></td> <td><b>G g</b></td> <td><b>Ǧ ǧ</b></td> <td><b>H h</b></td> <td><b>I i</b></td> <td><b>J j</b></td> <td><b>J̌ ǰ</b></td> <td><b>J̣ j̣</b></td> <td><b>K k</b></td> <td><b>L l</b></td> <td><b>M m</b></td> <td><b>N n</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後不圓唇元音">ɑ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁雙唇塞音">b</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音">t͡s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦塞擦音">t͡ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清硬腭擦音">ç</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="浊齿塞音">d̪</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁捲舌塞音">ɖ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中央元音">ə</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音">f</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭塞音">g</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭擦音">ɣ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清声门擦音">h</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦塞擦音">d͡ʒ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊硬腭擦音">ʝ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭塞音">k</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈边近音">l</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音">n</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>字母 </th> <td><b>Ṇ ṇ</b></td> <td><b>Ň ň</b></td> <td><b>O o</b></td> <td><b>P p</b></td> <td><b>Q q</b></td> <td><b>R r</b></td> <td><b>Ṛ ṛ</b></td> <td><b>S s</b></td> <td><b>Š š</b></td> <td><b>Ṣ̌ ṣ̌</b></td> <td><b>T t</b></td> <td><b>Ṭ ṭ</b></td> <td><b>U u</b></td> <td><b>V v</b></td> <td><b>W w</b></td> <td><b>X x</b></td> <td><b>X̌ x̌</b></td> <td><b>Y y</b></td> <td><b>Z z</b></td> <td><b>Ž ž</b></td> <td><b>Ẓ̌ ẓ̌</b></td> <td><b>Ź ź</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌鼻音">ɳ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="軟腭鼻音">ŋ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉後圓唇元音">o</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清小舌塞音">q</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦顫音">r</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%97%AA%E9%9F%B3" title="卷舌闪音">ɽ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦擦音">ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌擦音">ʂ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齿塞音">t̪</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞音">ʈ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉後圓唇元音">u</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="濁圓唇軟腭近音">w</a>]</span></td> <td>Ø</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭近音">j</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦擦音">z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦擦音">ʒ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌擦音">ʐ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦塞擦音">d͡z</a>]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发音"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E9.9F.B3"></span>发音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：发音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語音系（页面不存在）">普什圖語音系</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="央元音">央</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="後元音">后</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉元音">閉</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a></span>(i)</td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉後圓唇元音">u</a></span>(u) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中元音">中</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a></span>(e) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中央元音">ə</a></span>(ə) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉後圓唇元音">o</a></span>(o) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開元音">開</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a></span>(a) </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後不圓唇元音">ɑ</a></span>(а̄) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="辅音"><span id=".E8.BE.85.E9.9F.B3"></span>辅音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：辅音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齒齦音">齒齒齦</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌音">捲舌</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦後音">齒齦後</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭音">硬腭</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">软腭</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="小舌音">小舌</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門音">聲門</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="鼻音">鼻音</a> </th> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a></span>(m) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齿鼻音">n</a></span>(n) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌鼻音">ɳ</a></span>(ṇ) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="軟腭鼻音">ŋ</a></span>(ň) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a></span>(p) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁雙唇塞音">b</a></span>(b) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齿塞音">t</a></span>(t) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="浊齿塞音">d</a></span>(d) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞音">ʈ</a></span>(ṭ) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁捲舌塞音">ɖ</a></span>(ḍ) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭塞音">k</a></span>(k) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭塞音">ɡ</a></span>(g) </td> <td style="background:#EEE8AA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清小舌塞音">q</a></span>(q) </td> <td style="background:#AAB0EE"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a> </th> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音">t͡s</a></span>(c) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦塞擦音">d͡z</a></span>(ʒ) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦塞擦音">t͡ʃ</a></span>(č) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦塞擦音">d͡ʒ</a></span>(ǰ) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <td style="background:#EEE8AA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音">f</a></span>(f) </td> <td style="background:#AAB0EE"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E6%9C%89%E5%99%9D%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="清齒有噝擦音">s</a></span>(s) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E6%9C%89%E5%99%9D%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="濁齒有噝擦音">z</a></span>(z) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌擦音">ʂ</a></span>(ṣ̌) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌擦音">ʐ</a></span>(ẓ̌) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦擦音">ʃ</a></span>(š) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁腭齦擦音">ʒ</a></span>(ž) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清硬腭擦音">ç</a></span>(ç) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊硬腭擦音">ʝ</a></span>(j̣) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a></span>(x̌) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭擦音">ɣ</a></span>(ɣ̌) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清声门擦音">h</a></span>(h) </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="近音">近音</a> </th> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈边近音">l</a></span>(l) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭近音">j</a></span>(y) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="濁圓唇軟腭近音">w</a></span>(w) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>R音 </th> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%AB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦顫音">r</a></span>(r) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%97%AA%E9%9F%B3" title="卷舌闪音">ɽ</a></span>(ṛ) </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td> <td style="border-right: none;"> </td> <td style="border-left: none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>黄色为外来借词音位，不属于普什图语原本音系，因此音位 /q/ 和 /f/ 可以分别被替换成 [k] 和 [p]。/ɭ̆/ (ɺ̢ )在词尾发作捲舌近音 [ɻ] 。卷舌擦音 /ʂ, ʐ/ 和硬腭擦音 /ç, ʝ/ 为同一音位在不同方言中的发音。南部、西南方言（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%88" title="坎大哈">坎大哈</a>）偏向保留卷舌擦音，而中西部方言则偏向发成硬腭擦音。其他方言则会把卷舌音混到其他发音去，比如东南方言会将其与齒齦後擦音 /ʃ, ʒ/合并，而北、东北方言会将按照对称方式与软腭音合并，发成 /x, ɡ/ (而不是 /ɣ/)。另外，根据Henderson (1983)<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_1983_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson_1983-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ，中西部方言的浊卷舌擦音 /ʝ/ 只出现在<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E7%9C%81" title="瓦尔达克省">瓦尔达克省</a>，而在该地区其他地方并入 /ɡ/音。跟在元音 /u/ 后的软腭音/k, ɡ, x, ɣ/ 会被同化成<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="唇音化">唇音化</a>的[kʷ, ɡʷ, xʷ, ɣʷ]。 </p><p>清塞音[p, t, t͡ʃ, k]均不<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="送气">送气</a>，只有在重读音节元音前会轻微送气。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词汇"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></span>词汇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：词汇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>普什图语词汇大部分固有词与东伊朗亚语支有关。尽管部分词汇甚至源自古希腊方言，但是绝大部分均为普什图的固有词汇。七世纪之后的借词主要来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="伊朗语族">伊朗语族</a>和一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语">印度斯坦语</a>，还有一些阿拉伯语词汇直接、或者通过上述两类语言间接传入。下面的简表展示了纯正普什图语和借词:<sup id="cite_ref-A_dictionary_of_the_Puk'hto,_Pus'hto,_or_language_of_the_Afghans_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_dictionary_of_the_Puk'hto,_Pus'hto,_or_language_of_the_Afghans-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>普什图语</th> <th>波斯语</th> <th>阿拉伯语</th> <th>汉意 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ps">چوپړ</span>‎<br /><i>chopaṛ</i></td> <td><span lang="fa">چاپار</span>‎<br /> <i>chapar</i></td> <td><span lang="ar">خدمة</span>‎<br /><i>khidmah</i></td> <td>服务 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ps">هڅه</span>‎<br /><i>hatsa</i></td> <td><span lang="fa">کوشش</span>‎<br /> <i>kušeš</i></td> <td><span lang="ar">جهد</span>‎<br /><i>jahd</i></td> <td>努力/尝试 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ps">پرېکړه</span>‎<br /><i>prekṛa</i></td> <td><span lang="fa">گزیره</span>‎<br /><i>gazire</i></td> <td><span lang="ar">قرار</span>‎<br /><i>qarār</i></td> <td>决定 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ps">ملګری</span>‎, <span lang="ps">ملګرې</span>‎<br /><i>malgaray</i>, <i>malgare</i></td> <td><span lang="fa">دوست</span>‎<br /><i>dost</i></td> <td><span lang="ar">صديق</span>‎<br /><i>ṣadīq</i></td> <td>朋友 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语法"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"></span>语法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：语法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="普什圖語語法">普什圖語語法</a></div> <p>采用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B3%93%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主賓動語序">主宾动语序</a>，形容词放在名词前。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名词</a>（形容词）有语法上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7" class="mw-disambig" title="性">性</a>（阴阳性）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0" title="数">数</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%95%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="单数">单数</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B8_(%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95)" title="複數 (語法)">複數</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-disambig" title="格">格</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC" title="主格">主格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E6%8E%A5%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="間接格">间接格</a>）的变化。主格用于主语，或者现在形动词的宾语，间接格用于介词和过去形动词的宾语。没有类似<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E8%AF%8D" title="冠词">冠词</a>。动词有「现在」「过去」和「单纯形」「完成形」的组合而成的四种，以及过去进行和虚拟式共六种变化。现在单纯形和虚拟式以外，其他四种动词要与宾语的形态搭配一致。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>文字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語字母（页面不存在）">普什圖語字母</a></div> <p>普什圖語採用<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a>來拼寫。添加了几个符号以用来表示阿拉伯语、波斯语里不存在的音（如卷舌音）。全部由45個字母。书写时主要使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8A%E6%8A%84%E4%BD%93" title="誊抄体">誊抄体</a>，也使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%93" title="波斯体">波斯体</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pashto_Alphabet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pashto_Alphabet.png/220px-Pashto_Alphabet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pashto_Alphabet.png/330px-Pashto_Alphabet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pashto_Alphabet.png/440px-Pashto_Alphabet.png 2x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>普什图语字母表</figcaption></figure> <table align="center" cellpadding="4" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>ا<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɑ, ʔ/</span></td> <td>ب<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/b/</span></td> <td>پ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/p/</span></td> <td>ت<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t/</span></td> <td>ټ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʈ/</span></td> <td>ث<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/s/</span></td> <td>ج<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/dʒ/</span></td> <td>ځ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/dz/</span></td> <td>چ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/tʃ/</span></td> <td>څ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ts/</span></td> <td>ح<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/h/</span></td> <td>خ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/x/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>د<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/d/</span></td> <td>ډ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɖ/</span></td> <td>ﺫ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/z/</span></td> <td>ﺭ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/r/</span></td> <td>ړ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɺ̢/</span></td> <td>ﺯ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/z/</span></td> <td>ژ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʒ/</span></td> <td>ږ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʐ, ʝ, ɡ/</span></td> <td>س<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/s/</span></td> <td>ش<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʃ/</span></td> <td>ښ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʂ, ç, x/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ص<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/s/</span></td> <td>ض<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/z/</span></td> <td>ط<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/t/</span></td> <td>ظ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/z/</span></td> <td>ع<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʔ/</span></td> <td>غ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɣ/</span></td> <td>ف<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/f/</span></td> <td>ق<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/q/</span></td> <td>ک<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/k/</span></td> <td>ګ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɡ/</span></td> <td>ل<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/l/</span></td> <td>م<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/m/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ن<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/n/</span></td> <td>ڼ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɳ/</span></td> <td>و<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/w, u, o/</span></td> <td>ه<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/h, a, ə/</span></td> <td>ۀ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ə/</span></td> <td>ی<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/j, ai/</span></td> <td>ي<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span></td> <td>ې<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e/</span></td> <td>ۍ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/əi/</span></td> <td>ئ<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ai/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中国的普什图语"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E7.9A.84.E6.99.AE.E4.BB.80.E5.9B.BE.E8.AF.AD"></span>中国的普什图语</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：中国的普什图语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1959年，为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="中国国际广播电台">中国国际广播电台</a>筹办普什图语广播，教育部从国内选拔留学生<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E6%B4%AA%E6%89%8D" title="车洪才">车洪才</a>等人赴阿富汗学习普什图语。1963年和1964年又先后由这些学成归来的留学生和外籍教师一起在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="北京广播学院">北京广播学院</a>开办普什图语专业，招收了两届普什图语学生。8人毕业后分配至中国国际广播电台。1973年7月15日，普什图语广播正式开播，每天两次，每次半小时。然而广播内容空洞乏味，直到苏联入侵阿富汗之前，反响不大。目前普什图语广播每天播出三次，每次半小时，其中两次为重播。不过在阿富汗和巴基斯坦的收听效果不太好。1990年代，北京广播学院普什图语专业停止招生。2000年恢复招生。2004年，两名毕业生进入<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="解放军外国语学院">解放军外国语学院</a>任教。这也是中国第二个开设普什图语专业的学校。同年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E5%AA%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="中国传媒大学">中国传媒大学</a>在全国招收了20名学生，1人毕业后留校任教。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1975年，国务院召开的全国辞书工作会议决定出版《普什图语汉语词典》。1978年，商务印书馆把《普什图语汉语词典》的编写工作交给了时任北京广播学院外语系教师的车洪才。由于种种原因，这项工作花了30年才完成。2015年2月，由车洪才主编，<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="商务印书馆">商务印书馆</a>出版的《普什图语汉语词典》终于问世，填补了一个学术空白。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Penzl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Penzl_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Penzl, Herbert; Ismail Sloan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=zvRePgAACAAJ">A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan</a>. Ishi Press International. 2009: 210 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-25</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-923891-72-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-923891-72-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-923891-72-2</a>. <q>Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40 million to 60 million...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Ismail+Sloan&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft.aulast=Penzl&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Pashto+a+Descriptive+Study+of+the+Dialect+of+Kandahar%2C+Afghanistan&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-923891-72-2&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Ishi+Press+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzvRePgAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007 (39 million)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Keith Brown. Pashto (2005), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-08-044299-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-08-044299-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-08-044299-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Keith+Brown&rft.btitle=Pashto+%282005%29%2C+Encyclopedia+of+Language+and+Linguistics+%282+ed.%29&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-08-044299-4&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leyden-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leyden_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">John Leyden, Esq., M.D. and William Erskine, Esq. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114042010/http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=03501051&ct=92">Events Of The Year 910 (1525)</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baburnama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baburnama（页面不存在）">Memoirs of Babur</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Packard_Humanities_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Packard Humanities Institute（页面不存在）">Packard Humanities Institute</a>: 5. 1921 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=03501051&ct=92">原始内容</a>存档于2012-11-14）. <q>To the south is Afghanistān. There are eleven or twelve different languages spoken in Kābul: Arabic, Persian, Tūrki, Moghuli, Hindi, <b>Afghani</b>, Pashāi, Parāchi, Geberi, Bereki, and Lamghāni.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Events+Of+The+Year+910+%281525%29&rft.au=John+Leyden%2C+Esq.%2C+M.D.+and+William+Erskine%2C+Esq.&rft.date=1921&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+Babur&rft.pages=5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersian.packhum.org%2Fpersian%2F%2Fpf%3Ffile%3D03501051%26ct%3D92&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">India. Office of the Registrar General. Census of India, 1961: Gujarat. Manager of Publications. 1961: 142, 166, 177.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=India.+Office+of+the+Registrar+General&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1961%3A+Gujarat&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=142%2C+166%2C+177&rft.pub=Manager+of+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henderson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Henderson, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004085316/http://people.ku.edu/~mmth/Sample_Pashto_Phonology_I_Term_Paper.pdf">The Phonology of Pashto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. University of Wisconnsin Madisson. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.ku.edu/~mmth/Sample_Pashto_Phonology_I_Term_Paper.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2012-10-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Pashto&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconnsin+Madisson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.ku.edu%2F~mmth%2FSample_Pashto_Phonology_I_Term_Paper.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henderson_1983-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_1983_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_1983_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Henderson, Michael. Four Variaties of Pashto. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 1983, (103.595-8).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Four+Variaties+of+Pashto&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=103.595-8&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darmesteter_1890-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Darmesteter_1890_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Darmesteter, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.89854">Chants populaires des Afghans</a>. Paris. 1890.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Darmesteter&rft.btitle=Chants+populaires+des+Afghans&rft.date=1890&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Paris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.granth.89854&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AC_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of Afghanistan – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/af00000_.html"><i>Chapter 1 The State, Article 16 (Languages) and Article 20 (Anthem)</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170908045555/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/af00000_.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Banting, Erinn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KRt0HfYFZGsC&lpg=PP1&vq=place%20of%20Afghans&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false">Afghanistan: The land</a>. Crabtree Publishing Company. 2003: 4 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7787-9335-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-7787-9335-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-7787-9335-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231090626/http://books.google.com/books?id=KRt0HfYFZGsC&lpg=PP1&vq=place%20of%20Afghans&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2013-12-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=Erinn&rft.aulast=Banting&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%3A+The+land&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7787-9335-4&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Crabtree+Publishing+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRt0HfYFZGsC%26lpg%3DPP1%26vq%3Dplace%2520of%2520Afghans%26pg%3DPA4%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/tables/POPULATION%20BY%20MOTHER%20TONGUE.pdf">Population by Mother Tongue</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141010134307/http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/tables/POPULATION%20BY%20MOTHER%20TONGUE.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Population Census - Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khpalapashtu.com/sitee/pashtula/pasalph.htm">Pashto Alphabet Table</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118065122/http://www.khpalapashtu.com/sitee/pashtula/pasalph.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期18 January 2012<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><sup>[日期不符]</sup></span>., Pristupljeno 23. 4. 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freenet-homepage.de/prilop/pashto-alphabet.html">Pashto Alphabet Table</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918162503/http://freenet-homepage.de/prilop/pashto-alphabet.html">存檔</a>，存档日期18 September 2008<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><sup>[日期不符]</sup></span>., Pristupljeno 23. 4. 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209085234/http://www.pamirian.ru/Wakhi_language_transition.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-28</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pamirian.ru/Wakhi_language_transition.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-12-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pamirian.ru%2FWakhi_language_transition.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khojayori, Nasrullo, and Mikael Thompson. Tajiki Reference Grammar for Beginners. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kililwahan-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kililwahan_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kililwahan_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ru">Пахалина, Т.Н.</span>. <bdi lang="ru"><i>Ваханский язык</i></bdi> [《瓦罕语》]. 苏联莫斯科: 苏联科学院. 1975年 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到俄语网页">（俄语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C+%D0%A2.%D0%9D.%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91&rft.pub=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ali, Haqiqat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ju1jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Haqiqat+Ali%22+%2BWakhi&dq=%22Haqiqat+Ali%22+%2BWakhi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pJQ6T8M6xOzSAYjy5acL&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA">Wakhi Language</a> <b>1</b>. 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=Haqiqat&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.btitle=Wakhi+Language&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJu1jAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Haqiqat%2BAli%2522%2B%252BWakhi%26dq%3D%2522Haqiqat%2BAli%2522%2B%252BWakhi%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DpJQ6T8M6xOzSAYjy5acL%26ved%3D0CDIQ6AEwAA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_dictionary_of_the_Puk'hto,_Pus'hto,_or_language_of_the_Afghans-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_dictionary_of_the_Puk'hto,_Pus'hto,_or_language_of_the_Afghans_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_George_Raverty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry George Raverty（页面不存在）">Raverty, Henry George Rahman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/raverty/">A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans</a> 2. London: Williams and Norgate. 1867 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224211049/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/raverty/">存档</a>于2021-02-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=Henry+George+Rahman&rft.aulast=Raverty&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+the+Puk%27hto%2C+Pus%27hto%2C+or+language+of+the+Afghans&rft.date=1867&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Williams+and+Norgate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Fdictionaries%2Fraverty%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《非通用语特色专业教学与研究》，<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787565700910" title="Special:网络书源/9787565700910">9787565700910</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E6%B4%AA%E6%89%8D" title="车洪才">車洪才</a>（主編）,《普什圖語漢語詞典》,<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="商務印書館">商務印書館</a>, 2014-12-01. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787100108997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787100108997</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Schmidt, Rüdiger (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/compendiumlingua0000unse">Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum</a>. Wiesbaden: Reichert. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-88226-413-6" title="Special:网络书源/3-88226-413-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3-88226-413-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.btitle=Compendium+Linguarum+Iranicarum&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-88226-413-6&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Reichert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompendiumlingua0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Gusain, Lakhan (2008?) <i>A Grammar of Pashto</i>. Ann Arbor, MI: Northside Publishers.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Morgenstierne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Morgenstierne（页面不存在）">Georg Morgenstierne</a> (1926) <i>Report on a Linguistic Mission to Afghanistan</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Comparative_Research_in_Human_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture（页面不存在）">Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning</a>, Serie C I-2. Oslo. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-923891-09-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-923891-09-1">978-0-923891-09-1</a></li> <li>Daniel G. Hallberg (1992) <i>Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 4)</i>. National Institute of Pakistani Studies.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-969-8023-14-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-969-8023-14-0">978-969-8023-14-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Penzl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Penzl（页面不存在）">Herbert Penzl</a> <i>A Grammar of Pashto: A Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-923891-72-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-923891-72-5">978-0-923891-72-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Penzl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Penzl（页面不存在）">Herbert Penzl</a> <i>A Reader of Pashto</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-923891-71-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-923891-71-8">978-0-923891-71-8</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參閲"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B2"></span>參閲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：參閲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語音系（页面不存在）">普什圖語音系</a>(Pashto phonology)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語字母（页面不存在）">普什圖語字母</a>(Pashto alphabet)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖經翻譯成普什圖語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bible translations into Pashto"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%88%90%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖經翻譯成普什圖語（页面不存在）">聖經翻譯成普什圖語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Pashto" class="extiw" title="en:Bible translations into Pashto"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bible translations into Pashto</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿富汗科學院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿富汗科學院（页面不存在）">阿富汗科學院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Afghanistan" class="extiw" title="en:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普什圖語研究院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pashto Academy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普什圖語研究院（页面不存在）">普什圖語研究院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_Academy" class="extiw" title="en:Pashto Academy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pashto Academy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pashto_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pashto language"><span style="font-weight:bold;">普什图语</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">關於一系列與普什图语有關的詞語，參見<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維基詞典">維基詞典</a>上<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:普什图语"><b>普什图语</b>的詞語目錄</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ps:"> Pashto 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/index.shtml">BBC-Pashto（普什圖語）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141022064625/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/index.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm">多語網站普什圖語</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150905061758/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepashto.com/">Pashto Dictionary with Phonetic Keyboard & Auto-Suggestion</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210225040223/http://www.thepashto.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khyber.org/publications/pdf/pashtolangformation.pdf">Pashto Language & Identity Formation in Pakistan</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224181217/http://www.khyber.org/publications/pdf/pashtolangformation.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011130141/http://people.ku.edu/~mmth/Some_Indic_features_in_Pashto.pdf">Indo-Aryan identity of Pashto</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Henry George Raverty" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henry George Raverty"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_George_Raverty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry George Raverty（页面不存在）">Henry George Raverty</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George_Raverty" class="extiw" title="en:Henry George Raverty"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henry George Raverty</span></a></span>）</span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/raverty/">A Dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or Language of the Afghans.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224211049/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/raverty/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Second edition, with considerable additions. London: Williams and Norgate, 1867.</li> <li>D. N. MacKenzie, "A Standard Pashto", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khyber.org/publications/026-030/standardpashto.shtml">Khyber.org</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210301002711/http://www.khyber.org/publications/026-030/standardpashto.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qamosona.com/">Freeware Online Pashto Dictionaries</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100131073107/http://www.qamosona.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/twainweb/troberts/pashto/pashlex1.html">A Pashto Word List</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210211051015/http://www.yorku.ca/twainweb/troberts/pashto/pashlex1.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111223185020/http://www.afghanwiki.com/en/index.php?title=Pashto">Origins of Pashto</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310001121/http://uiuc.libguides.com/content.php?pid=194326&sid=1628823">Resources for the Study of the Pashto Language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3fFY26tBpE&t=0h0m0s">YouTube上的Ethnic groups of AFGHANISTAN</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">東部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E8%AA%9E" title="阿維斯陀語">阿維斯陀語</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古西徐亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scythian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古西徐亞語（页面不存在）">古西徐亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Scythian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scythian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">西部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BA%95%E8%AF%AD" title="米底语">米底語</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古波斯語">古波斯語</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中古</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">東部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="巴克特里亚语">巴克特里亚语</a>（大夏語） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="花剌子模语">花剌子模语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">塞語</a>(于阗语) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">圖木舒克語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西徐亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scythian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西徐亞語（页面不存在）">西徐亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Scythian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scythian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="粟特语">粟特语</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">西部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="安息语">帕提亚语</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="中古波斯语">中古波斯语</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%9B%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="回回语">回回语</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">現代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">东伊朗次语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%9D%A6%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD" title="巴尔坦吉语">巴尔坦吉语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E8%8F%B2%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库菲语（页面不存在）">库菲语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%A8%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="门吉语（页面不存在）">门吉语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥尔木力语（页面不存在）">奥尔木力语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="奧塞梯語">奧塞梯語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%87%E8%AA%9E" title="帕拉奇語">帕拉奇语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">普什图语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E5%96%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁善语（页面不存在）">鲁善语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑格列奇语（页面不存在）">桑格列奇语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="帕米爾語言">帕米爾語言</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="色勒库尔语">色勒库尔语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E6%A0%BC%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="舒格南语">舒格南语</a>（識匿語）） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%87%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="万吉语（页面不存在）">万吉语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%BE%E6%AF%94%E8%AA%9E" title="雅格諾比語">雅格諾比語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9D%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="依德哈语（页面不存在）">依德哈语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B9%E5%8F%A4%E4%BC%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅兹古伦语（页面不存在）">雅兹古伦语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E8%A5%BF%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊什喀西木语（页面不存在）">伊什喀西木语</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">西伊朗次语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%8E%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古亚扎里语（页面不存在）">古亚扎里语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语">俾路支语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%96%AC%E7%B1%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="阿喬米語">阿喬米語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴示卡迪语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bashkardi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E7%A4%BA%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴示卡迪语（页面不存在）">巴示卡迪语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkardi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bashkardi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bashkardi language</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低拉米语（页面不存在）">低拉米语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%80%E8%AA%9E" title="塔里什語">塔里什語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="戈拉尼語">戈拉尼語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="吉拉基語">吉拉基語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9E%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="马赞德兰语">马赞德兰语</a>（塔巴里语） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="庫爾德語">庫爾德語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中库尔德语">中</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="北库尔德语">北</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南庫德語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Kurdish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南库尔德语">南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Kurdish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Kurdish</span></a></span>）</span></span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%AD" title="拉科语">拉科语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="卢尔语">卢尔语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E7%88%BE%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴克提爾利語（页面不存在）">巴克提爾利語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑萨里语（页面不存在）">桑萨里语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">東波斯語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E8%AA%9E" title="哈扎拉吉語">哈扎拉吉語</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E_(%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2)" title="塔特語 (高加索)">塔特語 (高加索)</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E8%92%82%E8%AA%9E_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97)" title="塔蒂語 (伊朗)">塔蒂語 (伊朗)</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E6%89%8E%E5%85%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="扎扎其語">扎扎其語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波斯方言（页面不存在）">波斯方言</a> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="template:Pashto language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="template:Pashto language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pashto_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Pashto language（页面不存在）">template:Pashto language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/template:Pashto_language" class="extiw" title="en:template:Pashto language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">template:Pashto language</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_巴林语言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a>语言</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">官方语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="现代标准阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">半官方语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">少数语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="亚美尼亚语">亚美尼亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语">俾路支语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD" title="马拉雅拉姆语">马拉雅拉姆语</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">普什图语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="旁遮普語">旁遮普語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="泰米尔语">泰米尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">手语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯手语（页面不存在）">阿拉伯手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="阿富汗语言（英语：-&#123;Languages_of_Afghanistan&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Template:阿富汗语言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:阿富汗语言（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:阿富汗语言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="阿富汗语言（英语：-&#123;Languages_of_Afghanistan&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿富汗语言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Languages of Afghanistan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿富汗语言（页面不存在）">阿富汗语言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" class="extiw" title="en:Languages of Afghanistan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Languages of Afghanistan</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">官方语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">普什图语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地区语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语">俾路支语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="柯尔克孜语">柯尔克孜语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="努利斯坦语支">努利斯坦语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕沙伊语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pashayi languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%B2%99%E4%BC%8A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕沙伊语（页面不存在）">帕沙伊语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashayi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Pashayi languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pashayi languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="土库曼语">土库曼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%AD%9C%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="乌孜别克语">乌兹别克语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="南乌兹别克语">南乌兹别克语</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">少数语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Askunu language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Askunu language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Askunu_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Askunu language（页面不存在）">Ashkunu</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askunu_language" class="extiw" title="en:Askunu language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Askunu language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%81%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="布拉灰语">布拉灰语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kamkata-viri language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kamkata-viri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamkata-viri_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamkata-viri language（页面不存在）">Kamkata-viri</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamkata-viri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kamkata-viri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kamkata-viri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="科瓦語">科瓦語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="柯尔克孜语">柯尔克孜语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="帕米爾語言">帕米爾語</a> <ul><li><small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊什卡希米语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ishkashimi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E4%BB%80%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊什卡希米语（页面不存在）">伊什卡希米语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ishkashimi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ishkashimi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></li> <li><small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="门吉语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Munji language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%A8%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="门吉语（页面不存在）">门吉语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munji_language" class="extiw" title="en:Munji language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Munji language</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E6%A0%BC%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="舒格南语">舒格南语</a></small></li> <li><small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="依德哈语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yidgha language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9D%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="依德哈语（页面不存在）">依德哈语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidgha_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yidgha language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yidgha language</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特雷加米语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tregami language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特雷加米语（页面不存在）">特雷加米语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tregami_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tregami language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tregami language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维加利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waigali language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维加利语（页面不存在）">维加利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waigali_language" class="extiw" title="en:Waigali language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waigali language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦西瓦里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wasi-wari"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦西瓦里语（页面不存在）">瓦西瓦里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasi-wari" class="extiw" title="en:Wasi-wari"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wasi-wari</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%88%88%E5%8B%92%E8%AA%9E" title="蒙戈勒語">蒙戈勒语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">辅助语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="阿富汗手语">阿富汗手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_巴基斯坦語言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Template:巴基斯坦语言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:巴基斯坦语言（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:巴基斯坦语言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_巴基斯坦語言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="巴基斯坦語言">巴基斯坦語言</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">官方语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴基斯坦英语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pakistani English"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴基斯坦英语（页面不存在）">英语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_English" class="extiw" title="en:Pakistani English"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pakistani English</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他语言<br /><small>(根据<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="巴基斯坦行政区划">行政区划</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE" title="自由克什米爾">自由克什米爾</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="多格拉语">多格拉语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古贾里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gujari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%BE%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古贾里语（页面不存在）">古贾里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Gujari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gujari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克什米爾語">克什米爾語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="昆代尔沙希语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kundal Shahi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%86%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昆代尔沙希语（页面不存在）">昆代尔沙希语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kundal Shahi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kundal Shahi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕哈里-波特瓦里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pahari-Pothwari"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C-%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕哈里-波特瓦里语（页面不存在）">帕哈里-波特瓦里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" class="extiw" title="en:Pahari-Pothwari"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pahari-Pothwari</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" title="俾路支省">俾路支省</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语">俾路支语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%81%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="布拉灰语">布拉灰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="德瓦里語">德瓦里語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E8%AA%9E" title="哈扎拉吉語">哈扎拉吉語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贾德加利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jadgali language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贾德加利语（页面不存在）">贾德加利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadgali_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jadgali language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jadgali language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赫特兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Khetrani language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫特兰语（页面不存在）">赫特兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khetrani_language" class="extiw" title="en:Khetrani language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Khetrani language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">普什图语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦内西语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wanetsi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%86%85%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦内西语（页面不存在）">瓦内西语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanetsi" class="extiw" title="en:Wanetsi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wanetsi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E7%89%B9-%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦省">吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦省</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%E8%AF%AD" title="巴尔蒂语">巴尔蒂语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="布魯夏斯基語">布魯夏斯基語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多马基语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Domaaki language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多马基语（页面不存在）">多马基语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domaaki_language" class="extiw" title="en:Domaaki language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Domaaki language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="科瓦語">科瓦語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD" title="普里吉语">普里吉语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="辛那语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shina language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%9B%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="辛那语（页面不存在）">辛那语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shina_language" class="extiw" title="en:Shina language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shina language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94-%E6%99%AE%E8%B5%AB%E5%9B%BE%E8%B5%AB%E7%93%A6%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省">开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="布魯夏斯基語">布魯夏斯基語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴德希语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Badeshi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴德希语（页面不存在）">巴德希语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badeshi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Badeshi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Badeshi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴特里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bateri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴特里语（页面不存在）">巴特里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bateri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bateri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Chilisso language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chilisso language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilisso_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chilisso language（页面不存在）">Chilisso language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilisso_language" class="extiw" title="en:Chilisso language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chilisso language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达梅利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dameli language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%A2%85%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达梅利语（页面不存在）">达梅利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dameli_language" class="extiw" title="en:Dameli language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dameli language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加瓦尔-巴蒂语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gawar-Bati language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加瓦尔-巴蒂语（页面不存在）">加瓦尔-巴蒂语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" class="extiw" title="en:Gawar-Bati language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gawar-Bati language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戈瓦罗语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gowro language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%88%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戈瓦罗语（页面不存在）">戈瓦罗语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowro_language" class="extiw" title="en:Gowro language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gowro language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印德科语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hindko"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BE%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印德科语（页面不存在）">印德科语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko" class="extiw" title="en:Hindko"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hindko</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度科希斯坦语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indus Kohistani"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度科希斯坦语（页面不存在）">印度科希斯坦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" class="extiw" title="en:Indus Kohistani"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indus Kohistani</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡拉米语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kalami language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡拉米语（页面不存在）">卡拉米语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalami_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kalami language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kalami language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡拉什语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kalasha-mun"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡拉什语（页面不存在）">卡拉什语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalasha-mun" class="extiw" title="en:Kalasha-mun"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kalasha-mun</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡尔克提语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kalkoti language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔克提语（页面不存在）">卡尔克提语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkoti_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kalkoti language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kalkoti language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡姆维里方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kamviri dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E7%BB%B4%E9%87%8C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡姆维里方言（页面不存在）">卡姆维里方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamviri_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Kamviri dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kamviri dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="科瓦語">科瓦語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曼基亚利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mankiyali language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼基亚利语（页面不存在）">曼基亚利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankiyali_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mankiyali language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mankiyali language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙吉语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Munji language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙吉语（页面不存在）">蒙吉语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munji_language" class="extiw" title="en:Munji language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Munji language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥穆尔语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ormuri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥穆尔语（页面不存在）">奥穆尔语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormuri" class="extiw" title="en:Ormuri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ormuri</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕鲁拉语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Palula language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E9%B2%81%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕鲁拉语（页面不存在）">帕鲁拉语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palula_language" class="extiw" title="en:Palula language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Palula language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Torwali language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Torwali language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torwali_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torwali language（页面不存在）">Torwali language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torwali_language" class="extiw" title="en:Torwali language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Torwali language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ushoji language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ushoji language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushoji_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushoji language（页面不存在）">Ushoji language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushoji_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ushoji language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ushoji language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wazir dialect" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wazir dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wazir_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wazir dialect（页面不存在）">Wazir dialect</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazir_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Wazir dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wazir dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Yidgha language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yidgha language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yidgha_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yidgha language（页面不存在）">Yidgha language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidgha_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yidgha language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yidgha language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E7%9C%81" title="旁遮普省">旁遮普省</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bagri language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bagri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagri_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagri language（页面不存在）">Bagri language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bagri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bagri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="多格拉语">多格拉语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pahari-Pothwari" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pahari-Pothwari"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahari-Pothwari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pahari-Pothwari（页面不存在）">Pahari-Pothwari</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" class="extiw" title="en:Pahari-Pothwari"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pahari-Pothwari</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Punjabi dialects" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Punjabi dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punjabi dialects（页面不存在）">Punjabi dialects</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Punjabi dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Punjabi dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙拉基语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saraiki language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙拉基语（页面不存在）">沙拉基语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language" class="extiw" title="en:Saraiki language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saraiki language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="拉贾斯坦语">拉贾斯坦语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%B7%E7%9C%81" title="信德省">信德省</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Aer language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aer language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aer_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aer language（页面不存在）">Aer language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aer_language" class="extiw" title="en:Aer language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aer language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴格里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bagri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴格里语（页面不存在）">巴格里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bagri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bagri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bhaya language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bhaya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhaya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhaya language（页面不存在）">Bhaya language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bhaya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bhaya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Dhatki language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dhatki language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhatki_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhatki language（页面不存在）">Dhatki language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhatki_language" class="extiw" title="en:Dhatki language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dhatki language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Goaria language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Goaria language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goaria_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goaria language（页面不存在）">Goaria language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaria_language" class="extiw" title="en:Goaria language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Goaria language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="古吉拉特语">古吉拉特语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jandavra language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jandavra language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jandavra_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jandavra language（页面不存在）">Jandavra language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jandavra_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jandavra language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jandavra language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jogi language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jogi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jogi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jogi language（页面不存在）">Jogi language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jogi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jogi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Koli language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Koli language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koli_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koli language（页面不存在）">Koli language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koli_language" class="extiw" title="en:Koli language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Koli language</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Parkari Koli language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parkari Koli language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parkari_Koli_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parkari Koli language（页面不存在）">Parkari Koli language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" class="extiw" title="en:Parkari Koli language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parkari Koli language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kutchi language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kutchi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutchi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutchi language（页面不存在）">Kutchi language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutchi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kutchi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kutchi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Loarki language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Loarki language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loarki_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loarki language（页面不存在）">Loarki language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loarki_language" class="extiw" title="en:Loarki language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Loarki language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马尔瓦里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marwari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔瓦里语（页面不存在）">马尔瓦里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Marwari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marwari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Memoni language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Memoni language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoni_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memoni language（页面不存在）">Memoni language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoni_language" class="extiw" title="en:Memoni language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Memoni language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mewari language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mewari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mewari_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mewari language（页面不存在）">Mewari language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mewari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mewari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Od language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Od language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Od_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Od language（页面不存在）">Od language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od_language" class="extiw" title="en:Od language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Od language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="拉贾斯坦语">拉贾斯坦语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Vaghri language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vaghri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaghri_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaghri language（页面不存在）">Vaghri language</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaghri_language" 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