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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_requirements,_portability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Learning_Yambo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Learning_Yambo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Learning Yambo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Learning_Yambo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-distributed_part" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-distributed_part"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Non-distributed part</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-distributed_part-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Yambo</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Andrea Marini</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Davide Sangalli, Claudio Attaccalite, Andrea Ferretti, Henrique Miranda, Myrta Gruning, Conor Hogan, Daniele Varsano, Dario A. Leon, Fulvio Paleari, Igancio Alliati, Nicola Spallanzani, Nalabothula Muralidhar, Elena Molteni, Alberto Guandalini, Pedro Melo, Ryan McMillan, Fabio Affinito, Alejandro Molina-Sanchez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">2008<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">5.2 / 31 August 2023<span class="noprint">; 14 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2023-08-31</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/yambo-code/yambo">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/yambo-code<wbr />/yambo</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Many-body_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Many-body theory">Many-body theory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yambo-code.eu">www<wbr />.yambo-code<wbr />.eu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yambo</b> is a computer <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> package for studying <a href="/wiki/Many-body_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Many-body theory">many-body theory</a> aspects of <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SangalliFerretti2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SangalliFerretti2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It calculates the <a href="/wiki/Excited_state" title="Excited state">excited state</a> properties of physical systems from <a href="/wiki/First_principle" title="First principle">first principles</a>, e.g., from <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a> law without the use of empirical data. It is an <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a> released under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL). However the main development repository is private and only a subset of the features available in the private repository are cloned into the public repository and thus distributed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excited_state_properties">Excited state properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Excited state properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yambo can calculate: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticle" title="Quasiparticle">Quasiparticle</a> energies: plasmon pole,<sup id="cite_ref-reviewgw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reviewgw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> COHSEX approximation,<sup id="cite_ref-reviewgw_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reviewgw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or real-axis</li> <li>Lifetimes<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the <a href="/wiki/GW_approximation" title="GW approximation">GW approximation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_absorption" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical absorption">Optical absorption</a>: RPA, Bethe Salpeter with or without Tamm-Dancoff approximation,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TDDFT in TD-LDA or LRC<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_energy_loss_spectroscopy" title="Electron energy loss spectroscopy">Electron energy loss spectroscopy</a></li> <li>Dynamical polarizability</li> <li>electron-phonon coupling (static<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dynamic<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perturbation theory)</li> <li>magneto optical properties<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>surface spectroscopy<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_systems">Physical systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/YAMBO_code" title="Special:EditPage/YAMBO code">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22YAMBO+code%22">"YAMBO code"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22YAMBO+code%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22YAMBO+code%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22YAMBO+code%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22YAMBO+code%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22YAMBO+code%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Yambo can treat molecules and periodic systems (both metallic an insulating) in three dimensions (crystalline solids) two dimensions (surfaces) and one dimension (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nanotube" title="Nanotube">nanotubes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanowire" title="Nanowire">nanowires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> chains). It can also handle collinear (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Spin_polarization" title="Spin polarization">spin-polarized</a> <a href="/wiki/Wave_function" title="Wave function">wave functions</a>) and non-collinear (<a href="/wiki/Spinor" title="Spinor">spinors</a>) magnetic systems. </p><p>Typical systems are of the size of 10-100 atoms, or 10-400 electrons, per unit cell in the case of periodic systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theoretical_methods_and_approximations">Theoretical methods and approximations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theoretical methods and approximations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yambo relies on many-body perturbation theory and <a href="/wiki/Time-dependent_density_functional_theory" title="Time-dependent density functional theory">time-dependent density functional theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quasiparticle energies are calculated within the <a href="/wiki/GW_approximation" title="GW approximation">GW approximation</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the self energy. Optical properties are calculated either by solving the <a href="/wiki/Bethe%E2%80%93Salpeter_equation" title="Bethe–Salpeter equation">Bethe–Salpeter equation</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by using the adiabatic local density approximation within time-dependent density functional theory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerical_details">Numerical details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Numerical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yambo uses a <a href="/wiki/Plane_wave" title="Plane wave">plane waves</a> basis set to represent the electronic (single-particle) wavefunctions. Core electrons are described with norm-conserving <a href="/wiki/Pseudopotential" title="Pseudopotential">pseudopotentials</a>. The choice of a plane-wave basis set enforces the periodicity of the systems. Isolated systems, and systems that are periodic in only one or two directions can be treated by using a supercell approach. For such systems Yambo offers two numerical techniques for the treatment of the Coulomb integrals: the cut-off<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the random-integration method. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yambo is interfaced with plane-wave density-functional codes: <a href="/wiki/ABINIT" title="ABINIT">ABINIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/PWscf" class="mw-redirect" title="PWscf">PWscf</a>, <a href="/wiki/CPMD" class="mw-redirect" title="CPMD">CPMD</a> and with the ETSF-io library.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The utilities that interface these codes with Yambo are distributed along with the main program.</li> <li>The source code is written in Fortran 95 and C</li> <li>The code is parallelized using MPI running libraries</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_interface">User interface</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: User interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yambo has a command line user interface. Invoking the program with specific option generates the input with default values for the parameters consistent with the present data on the system.</li> <li>A postprocessing tool, distributed along with the main program, helps with the analysis and visualization of the results.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_requirements,_portability"><span id="System_requirements.2C_portability"></span>System requirements, portability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: System requirements, portability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> based systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">Compilers</a> for the programming languages <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> 95 and <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></li> <li>optional: <a href="/wiki/The_Portland_Group" title="The Portland Group">PGI</a> Fortran compiler for <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPU</a> version (starting from 4.5 release)</li> <li>optional: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/">netcdf</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fftw.org/">fftw</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpi-forum.org/">mpi</a> (for parallel execution), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etsf.eu/fileformats">etsf-io</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tddft.org/programs/octopus/wiki/index.php/Libxc">libxc</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5">hdf5</a></li> <li>Hardware requirements depend very much on the physical system under study and the chosen level of theory. For <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">random-access memory</a> (RAM) the requirements may vary from less than 1 GB to few GBs, depending on the problem.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Learning_Yambo">Learning Yambo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Learning Yambo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yambo team provides a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yambo-code.eu/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page">wiki</a> web-page with a list of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yambo-code.eu/wiki/index.php?title=Tutorials">tutorials</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yambo-code.eu/wiki/index.php?title=Lectures">lecture notes</a>. On the yambo web-site there is also a list of all <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yambo-code.eu/wiki/index.php?title=Thesis">thesis</a> done with the code. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-distributed_part">Non-distributed part</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Non-distributed part"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part of the YAMBO code is kept under a private repository. These are the features implemented and not yet distributed: </p> <ul><li>total energy using adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>magnetic field<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>self-consistent GW<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>dynamical Bethe–Salpeter<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>finite-momentum Bethe-Salpeter</li> <li>real-time spectroscopy<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>advanced kernels for time-dependent density functional theory (Nanoquanta kernel<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=YAMBO_code&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMariniHoganGrüningVarsano2009" class="citation journal cs1">Marini, Andrea; Hogan, Conor; Grüning, Myrta; Varsano, Daniele (2009). "yambo: An ab initio tool for excited state calculations". <i>Computer Physics Communications</i>. <b>180</b> (8): 1392–1403. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.3118">0810.3118</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009CoPhC.180.1392M">2009CoPhC.180.1392M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cpc.2009.02.003">10.1016/j.cpc.2009.02.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8269390">8269390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Physics+Communications&rft.atitle=yambo%3A+An+ab+initio+tool+for+excited+state+calculations&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1392-1403&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0810.3118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8269390%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cpc.2009.02.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009CoPhC.180.1392M&rft.aulast=Marini&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Hogan%2C+Conor&rft.au=Gr%C3%BCning%2C+Myrta&rft.au=Varsano%2C+Daniele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SangalliFerretti2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SangalliFerretti2019_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSangalliFerrettiMirandaAttaccalite2019" class="citation journal cs1">Sangalli, D; Ferretti, A; Miranda, H; Attaccalite, C; Marri, I; Cannuccia, E; Melo, P; Marsili, M; Paleari, F; Marrazzo, A; Prandini, G; Bonfà, P; Atambo, M O; Affinito, F; Palummo, M; Molina-Sánchez, A; Hogan, C; Grüning, M; Varsano, D; Marini, A (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1361-648X%2Fab15d0">"Many-body perturbation theory calculations using the yambo code"</a>. <i>Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter</i>. <b>31</b> (32): 325902. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.03837">1902.03837</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JPCM...31F5902S">2019JPCM...31F5902S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1361-648X%2Fab15d0">10.1088/1361-648X/ab15d0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30943462">30943462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics%3A+Condensed+Matter&rft.atitle=Many-body+perturbation+theory+calculations+using+the+yambo+code&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=325902&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1902.03837&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30943462&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1361-648X%2Fab15d0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019JPCM...31F5902S&rft.aulast=Sangalli&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Ferretti%2C+A&rft.au=Miranda%2C+H&rft.au=Attaccalite%2C+C&rft.au=Marri%2C+I&rft.au=Cannuccia%2C+E&rft.au=Melo%2C+P&rft.au=Marsili%2C+M&rft.au=Paleari%2C+F&rft.au=Marrazzo%2C+A&rft.au=Prandini%2C+G&rft.au=Bonf%C3%A0%2C+P&rft.au=Atambo%2C+M+O&rft.au=Affinito%2C+F&rft.au=Palummo%2C+M&rft.au=Molina-S%C3%A1nchez%2C+A&rft.au=Hogan%2C+C&rft.au=Gr%C3%BCning%2C+M&rft.au=Varsano%2C+D&rft.au=Marini%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1088%252F1361-648X%252Fab15d0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yambo-code.eu/about/">"What Can Yambo Do?"</a>. <i>Yambo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yambo&rft.atitle=What+Can+Yambo+Do%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yambo-code.eu%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reviewgw-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reviewgw_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reviewgw_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAulburJönssonWilkins2000" class="citation book cs1">Aulbur, Wilfried G.; Jönsson, Lars; Wilkins, John W. (2000). "Quasiparticle Calculations in Solids". <i>Solid State Physics</i>. Vol. 54. 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"Quasiparticle band-structure effects on thedhole lifetimes of copper within the <i>GW</i> approximation". <i>Physical Review B</i>. <b>66</b> (16): 161104(R). <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0208575">cond-mat/0208575</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PhRvB..66p1104M">2002PhRvB..66p1104M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevb.66.161104">10.1103/physrevb.66.161104</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F98481">10261/98481</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37797921">37797921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+B&rft.atitle=Quasiparticle+band-structure+effects+on+thedhole+lifetimes+of+copper+within+the+GW+approximation&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=161104%28R%29&rft.date=2002-10-30&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F98481&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37797921%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002PhRvB..66p1104M&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0208575&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevb.66.161104&rft.aulast=Marini&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Del+Sole%2C+Rodolfo&rft.au=Rubio%2C+Angel&rft.au=Onida%2C+Giovanni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrüningMariniGonze2009" class="citation journal cs1">Grüning, Myrta; Marini, Andrea; Gonze, Xavier (12 August 2009). 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"Exact Coulomb cutoff technique for supercell calculations". <i>Physical Review B</i>. <b>73</b> (20): 205119. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0601031">cond-mat/0601031</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvB..73t5119R">2006PhRvB..73t5119R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevb.73.205119">10.1103/physrevb.73.205119</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F97933">10261/97933</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26312984">26312984</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+B&rft.atitle=Exact+Coulomb+cutoff+technique+for+supercell+calculations&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=205119&rft.date=2006-05-26&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F97933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26312984%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PhRvB..73t5119R&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0601031&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevb.73.205119&rft.aulast=Rozzi&rft.aufirst=Carlo+A.&rft.au=Varsano%2C+Daniele&rft.au=Marini%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Gross%2C+Eberhard+K.+U.&rft.au=Rubio%2C+Angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalistePouillonVerstraeteOlevano2008" class="citation journal cs1">Caliste, D.; Pouillon, Y.; Verstraete, M.J.; Olevano, V.; Gonze, X. 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"First-Principles Description of Correlation Effects in Layered Materials". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>96</b> (13): 136404. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0510221">cond-mat/0510221</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvL..96m6404M">2006PhRvL..96m6404M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.96.136404">10.1103/physrevlett.96.136404</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F97928">10261/97928</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16712011">16712011</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13324711">13324711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=First-Principles+Description+of+Correlation+Effects+in+Layered+Materials&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=136404&rft.date=2006-04-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F97928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13324711%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PhRvL..96m6404M&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0510221&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16712011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.96.136404&rft.aulast=Marini&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+P.&rft.au=Rubio%2C+Angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSangalliMarini2011" class="citation journal cs1">Sangalli, Davide; Marini, Andrea (12 October 2011). "Anomalous Aharonov–Bohm Gap Oscillations in Carbon Nanotubes". <i>Nano Letters</i>. <b>11</b> (10): 4052–4057. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.5695">1106.5695</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NanoL..11.4052S">2011NanoL..11.4052S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fnl200871v">10.1021/nl200871v</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21805987">21805987</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10946434">10946434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+Letters&rft.atitle=Anomalous+Aharonov%E2%80%93Bohm+Gap+Oscillations+in+Carbon+Nanotubes&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=4052-4057&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10946434%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011NanoL..11.4052S&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1106.5695&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21805987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fnl200871v&rft.aulast=Sangalli&rft.aufirst=Davide&rft.au=Marini%2C+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunevalVastReining2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bruneval, Fabien; Vast, Nathalie; <a href="/wiki/Lucia_Reining" title="Lucia Reining">Reining, Lucia</a> (6 July 2006). 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"Dynamical Excitonic Effects in Metals and Semiconductors". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>91</b> (17): 176402. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0308271">cond-mat/0308271</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvL..91q6402M">2003PhRvL..91q6402M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.91.176402">10.1103/physrevlett.91.176402</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14611364">14611364</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8472529">8472529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Dynamical+Excitonic+Effects+in+Metals+and+Semiconductors&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=176402&rft.date=2003-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8472529%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PhRvL..91q6402M&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0308271&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14611364&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.91.176402&rft.aulast=Marini&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Del+Sole%2C+Rodolfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYAMBO+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttaccaliteGrüningMarini2011" class="citation journal cs1">Attaccalite, C.; Grüning, M.; Marini, A. 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href="/wiki/Template:Chemistry_software" title="Template:Chemistry software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chemistry_software" title="Template talk:Chemistry software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chemistry_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chemistry software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computational_chemistry_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Computational_chemistry" title="Computational chemistry">Computational chemistry</a> software</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cheminformatics" title="Cheminformatics">Cheminformatics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Avalon Cheminformatics Toolkit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioclipse" title="Bioclipse">Bioclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Obelisk" title="Blue Obelisk">Blue Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry_Development_Kit" title="Chemistry Development Kit">Chemistry Development Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Computational_Chemistry_Environment" title="Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment">ECCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOELib" title="JOELib">JOELib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OELib" title="OELib">OELib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Babel" title="Open Babel">Open Babel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDKit" title="RDKit">RDKit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schrödinger (company)">Canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemicalize" title="Chemicalize">Chemicalize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Studio" title="Discovery Studio">Discovery Studio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_kinetics" title="Chemical kinetics">Chemical kinetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APBS_(software)" title="APBS (software)">APBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantera_(software)" title="Cantera (software)">Cantera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_PreProcessor" title="Kinetic PreProcessor">KPP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autochem" title="Autochem">Autochem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_WorkBench" title="Chemical WorkBench">Chemical WorkBench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEMKIN" title="CHEMKIN">CHEMKIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSILAB" title="COSILAB">COSILAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DelPhi_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="DelPhi (software)">DelPhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khimera" title="Khimera">Khimera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Molecular_modelling" title="Molecular modelling">Molecular modelling</a> <br /> and <br /> <a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">visualization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_molecular_graphics_systems" title="List of molecular graphics systems">List of molecular graphics systems</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaph_Designer" title="Ascalaph Designer">Ascalaph Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avogadro_(software)" title="Avogadro (software)">Avogadro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BALL" title="BALL">BALL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biskit" title="Biskit">Biskit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabedit" title="Gabedit">Gabedit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghemical" title="Ghemical">Ghemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jmol" title="Jmol">Jmol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekel" title="Molekel">Molekel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PyMOL" title="PyMOL">PyMOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuteMol" title="QuteMol">QuteMol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RasMol" title="RasMol">RasMol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone_(molecular_mechanics)" title="Abalone (molecular mechanics)">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACD/ChemSketch" title="ACD/ChemSketch">ACD/ChemSketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomistix_ToolKit" title="Atomistix ToolKit">Atomistix ToolKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChemDraw" title="ChemDraw">ChemDraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChemWindow" title="ChemWindow">ChemWindow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EzMol" title="EzMol">EzMol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaussian_(software)" title="Gaussian (software)">Gaussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schrödinger (company)">Maestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarvinSketch" class="mw-redirect" title="MarvinSketch">MarvinSketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarvinView" class="mw-redirect" title="MarvinView">MarvinView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODELLER" title="MODELLER">MODELLER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Operating_Environment" title="Molecular Operating Environment">Molecular Operating Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMSON" title="SAMSON">SAMSON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_(chemistry_software)" title="Spartan (chemistry software)">Spartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCSF_Chimera" title="UCSF Chimera">UCSF Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Molecular_Dynamics" title="Visual Molecular Dynamics">VMD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Docking_(molecular)" title="Docking (molecular)">Molecular docking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protein-ligand_docking_software" title="List of protein-ligand docking software">List of protein-ligand docking software</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoDock" title="AutoDock">AutoDock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoDock_Vina" class="mw-redirect" title="AutoDock Vina">AutoDock Vina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexAID" title="FlexAID">FlexAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDock" title="RDock">rDock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glide_(docking)" title="Glide (docking)">Glide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeDock" title="LeDock">LeDock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Operating_Environment" title="Molecular Operating Environment">Molecular Operating Environment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Molecular_dynamics" title="Molecular dynamics">Molecular dynamics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP2K" title="CP2K">CP2K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GROMACS" title="GROMACS">GROMACS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMMPS" title="LAMMPS">LAMMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMM" title="OpenMM">OpenMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLUMED" title="PLUMED">PLUMED</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone_(molecular_mechanics)" title="Abalone (molecular mechanics)">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMBER" title="AMBER">AMBER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHARMM" title="CHARMM">CHARMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car%E2%80%93Parrinello_molecular_dynamics" title="Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics">CPMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_(software)" title="Desmond (software)">Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GROMOS" title="GROMOS">GROMOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAMD" title="NAMD">NAMD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_chemistry" title="Quantum chemistry">Quantum chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_quantum_chemistry_and_solid-state_physics_software" title="List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software">List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABINIT" title="ABINIT">ABINIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACES_(computational_chemistry)" title="ACES (computational chemistry)">ACES</a> (CFOUR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIMAll" title="AIMAll">AIMAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigDFT" title="BigDFT">BigDFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLUMBUS" title="COLUMBUS">COLUMBUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONQUEST" title="CONQUEST">CONQUEST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP2K" title="CP2K">CP2K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_(program)" title="Dalton (program)">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(software)" title="Dirac (software)">DIRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DP_code" title="DP code">DP code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLEUR" title="FLEUR">FLEUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeON" title="FreeON">FreeON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADNESS" title="MADNESS">MADNESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOPAC" title="MOPAC">MOPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPQC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPQC">MPQC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NWChem" title="NWChem">NWChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_(software)" title="Octopus (software)">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOLCAS" title="MOLCAS">OpenMolcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PARSEC" title="PARSEC">PARSEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSI_(computational_chemistry)" title="PSI (computational chemistry)">PSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PyQuante" title="PyQuante">PyQuante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PySCF" title="PySCF">PySCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_ESPRESSO" title="Quantum ESPRESSO">Quantum ESPRESSO</a> (PWscf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMG_(program)" title="RMG (program)">RMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIESTA_(computer_program)" title="SIESTA (computer program)">SIESTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_bond_programs" title="Valence bond programs">VB2000</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">YAMBO code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Density_Functional" title="Amsterdam Density Functional">ADF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMPAC" title="AMPAC">AMPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMol3" title="DMol3">DMol3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CADPAC" title="CADPAC">CADPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASINO" title="CASINO">CASINO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASTEP" title="CASTEP">CASTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car%E2%80%93Parrinello_molecular_dynamics" title="Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics">CPMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_bond_programs" title="Valence bond programs">CRUNCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRYSTAL_(software)" title="CRYSTAL (software)">CRYSTAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(computer_program)" title="Firefly (computer program)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAMESS_(UK)" title="GAMESS (UK)">GAMESS (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAMESS_(US)" title="GAMESS (US)">GAMESS (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaussian_(software)" title="Gaussian (software)">Gaussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_(software)" title="Jaguar (software)">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOLCAS" title="MOLCAS">MOLCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOLPRO" title="MOLPRO">MOLPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONETEP" title="ONETEP">ONETEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAtom" title="OpenAtom">OpenAtom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCA_(quantum_chemistry_program)" title="ORCA (quantum chemistry program)">ORCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(computational_chemistry)" title="PLATO (computational chemistry)">PLATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PQS_(software)" title="PQS (software)">PQS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Chem" title="Q-Chem">Q-Chem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantemol" title="Quantemol">Quantemol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scigress" title="Scigress">Scigress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_(chemistry_software)" title="Spartan (chemistry software)">Spartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeraChem" title="TeraChem">TeraChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOMOLE" title="TURBOMOLE">TURBOMOLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Ab_initio_Simulation_Package" title="Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package">VASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIEN2k" title="WIEN2k">WIEN2k</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_bond_programs" title="Valence bond programs">XMVB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal structure">Skeletal structure</a> drawing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JChemPaint" title="JChemPaint">JChemPaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molsketch" title="Molsketch">Molsketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDrawChem" title="XDrawChem">XDrawChem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACD/ChemSketch" title="ACD/ChemSketch">ACD/ChemSketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS/Draw" title="ISIS/Draw">BIOVIA Draw</a></li> <li>ChemDoodle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChemDraw" title="ChemDraw">ChemDraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChemWindow" title="ChemWindow">ChemWindow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JME_Molecule_Editor" title="JME Molecule Editor">JME Molecule Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarvinSketch" class="mw-redirect" title="MarvinSketch">MarvinSketch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqion" title="Aqion">Aqion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulim" title="Eulim">Eulim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXC_code" title="EXC code">EXC code</a></li> <li>GenX</li> <li>GSim</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(crystallography)" 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