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Correctional nursing - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nursing_sick_call" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nursing_sick_call"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Nursing sick call</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nursing_sick_call-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Correctional_nursing_and_mental_illness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Correctional_nursing_and_mental_illness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Correctional nursing and mental illness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Correctional_nursing_and_mental_illness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_careers_in_correctional_nursing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_careers_in_correctional_nursing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Common careers in correctional nursing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_careers_in_correctional_nursing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_health--prison_populations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_health--prison_populations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Community health--prison populations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_health--prison_populations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nurse_in_federal_prison.jpg/220px-Nurse_in_federal_prison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nurse_in_federal_prison.jpg/330px-Nurse_in_federal_prison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nurse_in_federal_prison.jpg/440px-Nurse_in_federal_prison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>A correctional nurse working in an American prison</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Correctional nursing</b> or <b>forensic nursing</b> is <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a> as it relates to <a href="/wiki/Prisoner" title="Prisoner">prisoners</a>. Nurses are required in prisons, jails, and detention centers; their job is to provide physical and mental healthcare for detainees and inmates.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these correctional settings, nurses are the primary healthcare providers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These nurses also work with crime victims and assist in expert witness testimonies, and are involved in a variety of legal cases, including <a href="/wiki/Paternity_law" title="Paternity law">paternity disputes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">workplace injuries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Correctional facilities vary widely in size and population. Correspondingly, there is a wide range of roles which correctional nurses fill.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some facilities are as large as small cities and include an in-house hospital with inpatient and emergency facilities. Most correctional nurses fall into four categories: Reception Screening, Chronic Care Clinicians, <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">Medication</a> Administration, and Ambulatory Care (often called "sick call"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intake_screening">Intake screening</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Intake screening"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intake screening (also known as R&R, or Reception and Release Screening) is the process where a nurse evaluates an inmate who is new to an institution before they are moved to their housing unit. Custodial officers use this information in order to decide which part of the facility is appropriate for a particular inmate, and will sometimes call for an inmate to be moved to another facility if the inmate's medical or mental health needs cannot be met at the initial placement. The nurse performing intake screening generally schedules the inmate for an appointment with a healthcare provider for a detailed <a href="/wiki/Medical_history" title="Medical history">medical history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_examination" title="Physical examination">physical examination</a> depending on the inmate's needs and presence of chronic diseases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronic_care_clinicians">Chronic care clinicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chronic care clinicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inmates with <a href="/wiki/Chronic_condition" title="Chronic condition">chronic health concerns</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">high blood pressure</a>, generally have regularly scheduled appointments at chronic care clinics, where nurses provide patient assessments and education about chronic health concerns. Generally, these clinics are overseen by a mid-level provider, such as a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nurse_practitioner" title="Nurse practitioner">nurse practitioner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medication_administration">Medication administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medication administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medications, even <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">over-the-counter</a> ones, can be misused in a correctional environment, so medications are usually administered to patients via a medication pass or queue system. Inmates requiring regularly scheduled medication either report to a nurse located centrally in a medical unit, or receive their doses in their housing unit. In higher-security areas, where movement is more restricted and inmates are largely confined to cells, medications are administered at the cell front. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nursing_sick_call">Nursing sick call</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nursing sick call"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inmates requiring episodic healthcare generally follow a process called Sick Call. After requesting treatments generally by completing a form (sometimes called a "Sick Call Slip"), a nurse meets with the patient. Most facilities have standardized protocols for conditions like <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athlete%27s_foot" title="Athlete's foot">athlete's foot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a>, which can be treated with over-the-counter medication without the need for a physician or other advanced medical provider. An assessment of a more serious condition, or one that falls outside the protocols, is referred to a medical provider for further evaluation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Correctional_nursing_and_mental_illness">Correctional nursing and mental illness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Correctional nursing and mental illness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Correctional_nursing" title="Talk:Correctional nursing">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the National Alliance of Mental Health reports in 2019 roughly 40% of all people with mental illness will be introduced to the criminal justice system (2 million). Of the inmates incarcerated in the many different types of facilities, <a href="/wiki/Mentally_ill_people_in_United_States_jails_and_prisons" title="Mentally ill people in United States jails and prisons">25% have mental illness</a> (550,000 on any day). In 2017 State and Federal Governments paid more than $150 billion to incarcerate these individuals and their stays in the system are usually 4 times longer than other patients.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Treating those patients is quite difficult. Prisons rely on security over healthcare, and expression of care from nurses is restricted due to budget limitations, patient restrictions and ethical unknowns. Making their care even more difficult is the fact that many inmates in correctional justice facilities have lost their rights and are limited in what they are allowed to receive and the measure of their care leading to a dehumanizing of patients. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another main problem of nursing mental illness in correctional facilities is the overwhelming association with these patients and the likelihood they will end up in solitary confinement, which greatly compounds their mental status.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nurses training in the criminal justice system must be prepared for these problems in their daily practices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_careers_in_correctional_nursing">Common careers in correctional nursing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Common careers in correctional nursing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When it comes to establishing a career in correctional/forensic nursing, there are many avenues one can undertake which can include sexual assault nurse examiner, nurse coroner, nurse attorney or a forensic nurse examiner.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_health--prison_populations">Community health--prison populations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Community health--prison populations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When one enters into a correctional facility, the presence of health care should not go away. The patients in prison populations are at a greater risk for health complications, especially if there are untreated, underlying chronic health conditions. Some of the most common health concerns for those in prison include communicable diseases, including <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>. These remain an issue for this population due to the prisoners engaging in high-risk behaviors including unprotected sexual contact.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the older adult prison population (aged 50 years and above), common chronic health conditions reported include diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, and respiratory disorders such as <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emphysema" title="Emphysema">emphysema</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For women in prison, there are more components that need to be considered to ensure their overall health. Also, with the common chronic conditions as listed above, there needs to be increased access to reproductive health services including gynecological exams. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There also needs to be improved mental health processes for women in prison. For some, there have been increased reports of self-harm and suicide while in prison when compared to the male prisoner demographic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The root causes of this issue are related to being isolated, being detained in locations away from loved ones, and bullying from other prisoners. To further address these needs, improvements must be made to assessment screenings of the women prisoners, which involves addressing the patient's history of trauma, as well as the offering of social support services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correctional_nursing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forensicnurses.org/page/CorrectionalNursing">"Correctional Nursing - International Association of Forensic Nurses"</a>. <i>www.forensicnurses.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Challenges and mental health needs of women in prison. <i>The British Journal of Psychiatry, 212</i>, 134-136. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2017.42. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75c465f4c6‐6v5rc Cached time: 20241125120154 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.241 seconds Real time usage: 0.559 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 824/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23009/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 611/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27971/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.142/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4834540/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 297.013 1 -total 50.07% 148.706 1 Template:Reflist 33.03% 98.103 2 Template:Cite_web 24.16% 71.768 1 Template:Globalize_section 23.17% 68.828 1 Template:Short_description 21.98% 65.277 1 Template:Globalize 21.04% 62.485 1 Template:Ambox 13.15% 39.065 2 Template:Pagetype 9.91% 29.435 4 Template:Cite_journal 5.98% 17.768 3 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:58051070:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241125120154 and revision id 1210853180. 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