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<span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Financial status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="بيميكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيميكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos" title="Petróleos Mexicanos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Petróleos Mexicanos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="پمکس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پمکس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEMEX" title="PEMEX – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="PEMEX" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEMEX" title="PEMEX – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PEMEX" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos" title="Petróleos Mexicanos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Petróleos Mexicanos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="پمکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پمکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A9%95%EC%8A%A4" title="페멕스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페멕스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos" title="Petróleos Mexicanos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Petróleos Mexicanos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="ペメックス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペメックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos" title="Petróleos Mexicanos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Petróleos Mexicanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEMEX" title="PEMEX – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="PEMEX" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos" title="Petróleos Mexicanos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Petróleos Mexicanos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleos_Mexicanos" title="Petroleos Mexicanos – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Petroleos Mexicanos" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pemex" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="墨西哥石油公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="墨西哥石油公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q871308#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mexican state-owned petroleum corporation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Petróleos Mexicanos</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Logo_Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos.svg/220px-Logo_Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Logo_Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos.svg/330px-Logo_Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Logo_Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos.svg/440px-Logo_Petr%C3%B3leos_Mexicanos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4661" data-file-height="2742" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil and gas industry">Oil and gas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">June 7, 1938<span class="noprint">; 86 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1938-06-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Lázaro Cárdenas</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Mexico" title="Federal government of Mexico">government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavio_Romero_Oropeza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octavio Romero Oropeza (page does not exist)">Octavio Romero Oropeza</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavio_Romero_Oropeza" class="extiw" title="es:Octavio Romero Oropeza">es</a>]</span> (CEO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">Fuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Petrochemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrochemicals">petrochemicals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 96.979 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Financials_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 9.204 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Financials_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 136.068 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Financials_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">US$ 97.635</span> billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Financials_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Government">Mexican Government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">128,616 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Financials_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Financials-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pemex.com">www<wbr />.pemex<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pemex</b> (a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <b>Petróleos Mexicanos</b>, which translates to <i>Mexican Petroleum</i> in English; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈpemeks]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">petroleum corporation</a> managed and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Mexico">Mexican government</a>. It was formed in 1938 by <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">expropriation</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Mexican_oil_expropriation" title="Mexican oil expropriation">private oil companies in Mexico</a> at the time of its formation. Pemex had total assets worth $101.8 billion in December 2019<sup id="cite_ref-FS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as of 2009 was <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>'s second largest enterprise by annual revenue, surpassed only by <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a> (the Brazilian national oil company).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company is the seventh most polluting in the world according to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mexican_oil_expropriation" title="Mexican oil expropriation">Mexican oil expropriation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Mexico" title="Petroleum industry in Mexico">Petroleum industry in Mexico</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(resin)" title="Pitch (resin)">pitch</a> had been worked in Mexico since the time of the <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a>. Small quantities of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> were first refined into <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a> around 1876 near <a href="/wiki/Tampico" title="Tampico">Tampico</a>. By the early 20th century, commercial quantities of oil were being extracted and <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">refined</a> by subsidiaries of the British <a href="/wiki/Pearson_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson PLC">Pearson</a> and American <a href="/wiki/Edward_Doheny" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Doheny">Doheny</a> companies and had attracted the attention of the Mexican government who then claimed all mineral rights for the state as part of its <a href="/wiki/1917_Constitution_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="1917 Constitution of Mexico">Constitution</a>. </p><p>In 1938, President <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Lázaro Cárdenas</a> (1934–40) sided with oil workers striking against foreign-owned oil companies for an increase in pay and social services. On March 18, 1938, citing Article 27 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of 1917">Constitution of 1917</a>, President Cárdenas embarked on the state-expropriation of all resources and facilities, nationalizing the United States and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Anglo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> operating companies. He is famous in saying in his speech addressing the nation, </p> <blockquote><p><i>I ask the entire nation to furnish the necessary moral and material support to face the consequences of a decision which we, of our own free will, would neither have sought nor desired.</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Pemex was established by Cárdenas's decree of June 7, 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He framed expropriation as a necessary national response to the injustice of the operations of foreign companies operating on Mexican soil. Expropriation was not outright confiscation since the Mexican government promised to compensate companies. However, in retaliation, many foreign governments closed their markets to Mexican oil until the Allies demand for petroleum in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> caused the boycott to be dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of the early boycott, Pemex developed into one of the largest oil companies in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview on the oil news website in November 2005, a Pemex employee spoke anonymously of the company's inability to grow production, stating that the company and country is at <a href="/wiki/Hubbert_peak_theory" title="Hubbert peak theory">Hubbert's Peak</a>. The person interviewed believed export levels could not be recovered once peak had passed, as the size of current fields that have been discovered or are coming online represent a fraction of the size of the oilfields going into terminal decline. Annual production has dropped each year between 2004 and 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-eia.doe.gov_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eia.doe.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, it has been reported the 2005–2006 daily oil production was down by approximately 500,000 barrels per day (79,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d) (a large proportion of the country's 4,500,000 barrels) on the previous year. Pemex averaged 3.71 MMBPD in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-eia.doe.gov_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eia.doe.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemex has never produced 4 MMBPD or higher for a yearly average.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemex was replaced as Latin America's largest company by Petrobras, according to a <a href="/wiki/Latin_Business_Chronicle" title="Latin Business Chronicle">Latin Business Chronicle</a> ranking of Latin America's Top 500 companies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>To help capitalize the company, former President <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a> brought forward the possibility of making shares of Pemex available to Mexican citizens and pension funds, to complement a current project-specific investment setup known as "Proyectos de Inversión Diferida En El Registro del Gasto" (Deferred Investment Projects in the Expenditure Registry).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposal, which intended to alleviate Pemex's tax burden and create a substantial budget increase, met opposition in <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a> made clear at the beginning of his presidency that he would try his best to open up the sector to private investment. Pemex is Latin America's second-largest company measured by revenues, according to a ranking of the region's 500 largest companies by <a href="/wiki/Latin_Business_Chronicle" title="Latin Business Chronicle">Latin Business Chronicle</a>, behind Brazilian oil company <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a>. In June 2009, Pemex has asked for an extra $1.5 billion state aid to finance oil fields investments, reported Bloomberg. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tula_Refinery_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tula_Refinery_%285%29.jpg/220px-Tula_Refinery_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tula_Refinery_%285%29.jpg/330px-Tula_Refinery_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tula_Refinery_%285%29.jpg/440px-Tula_Refinery_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption>PEMEX refinery in <a href="/wiki/Tula_de_Allende" title="Tula de Allende">Tula de Allende</a>, state of Hidalgo</figcaption></figure> <p>President Calderón called for a change in Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">oil industry</a> after output at Pemex fell at the fastest rate since 1942. His comments came after <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a> and London-based <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> said they made a "giant" oil find of as much as 3 billion barrels (480<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) in the Gulf of Mexico, southeast of Houston. According to Mexican Energy Minister <a href="/wiki/Georgina_Kessel" title="Georgina Kessel">Georgina Kessel</a>, Mexico may seek to emulate Brazilian Oil rules that strengthened Petroleo Brasileiro SA as it considers regulation changes to revive the oil industry.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2014, Pemex signed a cooperation agreement with the Russian oil company <a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a> focusing on oil production and field exploration as well as exchange of knowledge in the aforementioned areas, including actions for ecological preservation and environmental protection.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2016, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Lozoya_Austin" title="Emilio Lozoya Austin">Emilio Lozoya Austin</a> stepped down as CEO of Pemex and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Anaya" title="José Antonio González Anaya">José Antonio González Anaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 27, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Anaya" title="José Antonio González Anaya">José Antonio González Anaya</a> was appointed to be the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit. Carlos Alberto Treviño Medina was appointed CEO, sequentially. </p><p>In July 2021, it was announced that PEMEX.UL for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distribution was to be created. Even though Pemex is highly indebted, it is still determined to assist the poor that are affected by the rising energy prices.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> n a rare turn of events, Pemex saw profits of $719 million in the second quarter of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in July 2021, the <a href="/wiki/SENER" title="SENER">SENER</a> appointed Pemex as the operator for the <a href="/wiki/Zama_oil_field" title="Zama oil field">Zama oil field</a> which was originally discovered by <a href="/wiki/Talos_Energy" title="Talos Energy">Talos Energy</a> in 2017. The two companies shall work together for the final development of Zama.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September that year, Talos disputed the governments decision, since Pemex doesn't have the required $2 billion for the oil fields development.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With debts still at over $100 billion by September 2021, Pemex and the finance ministry of Mexico's relationship was strengthened as the government decided to continue to support the company, but would not change the laws in order to directly reflect their debt.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some speculation was made that the government may use <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) money to lighten Pemex's debt.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Budget increases of 17% over 2021 amounts were proposed, with a 14% reduction of its profit-sharing duties, for 2022's exploration and production processes.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An agreement between Pemex and <a href="/wiki/Braskem" title="Braskem">Braskem</a> (BRKM5.SA) was reached in September 2021 for a new gas supply agreement and also to build a $400 million ethane terminal to be located in Laguna de Pajaritos, in <a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos" title="Coatzacoalcos">Coatzacoalcos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2021, Pemex was in debt with a recorded loss of $3.7 billion in profits for the third quarter compared to the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last quarter of 2021, production was 4.5% higher than that of the last quarter of 2020. Due to tax payments and the currency being weak against the dollar, Pemex still reported a net loss of $6.05 billion. In order to reduce the debt Pemex is working on a plan to domestically refine its oil and reduce exports by 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>February 23, 2023, three major fires broke out at three different Mexico and U.S. operated Pemex facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2023, Pemex and U.S. based, <a href="/wiki/Talos_Energy" title="Talos Energy">Talos Energy</a> submitted to develop an offshore oil field.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two companies have been partnered since 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The platform that was submitted was for two offshore platforms and 46 wells with oil and gas from Zama would filter into the Pemex-run terminal at <a href="/wiki/Dos_Bocas,_Trujillo_Alto,_Puerto_Rico" title="Dos Bocas, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico">Dos Bocas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2023, Pemex received bids for the renewal of the Dos Bocas <a href="/wiki/Wastewater_treatment" title="Wastewater treatment">wastewater treatment plant</a> (PTE) which was originally built in 1970 and is no longer capable of treating the oily waters.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pemex's credit rating changed to from stable to negative in July 2023 due to the ongoing debt accumulation. The government assistance from President <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador</a> is said to likely continue until the end of his term in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2023, it was announced that Pemex would receive capital allocations from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Mexico" title="Federal government of Mexico">federal government of Mexico</a> to assist in paying off over $11 million in accumulated debt.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploration">Exploration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantarell_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cantarell_2.jpg/220px-Cantarell_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cantarell_2.jpg/330px-Cantarell_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cantarell_2.jpg/440px-Cantarell_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cantarell_Field" title="Cantarell Field">Cantarell Field</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Proponents of Calderón's energy policy stated that Pemex lacks the equipment, technology and financial means to explore for new reserves in <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_drilling" title="Deepwater drilling">deep water</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">shale gas</a>; hence, a reform to Mexican law is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to a failing infrastructure, dwindling reserves have created urgency in completing some type of reform. Only 20% of Mexico has been extensively explored for further reserves and it has been argued that Pemex will need the help of some form of foreign investment to successfully explore new reserves, including in the Gulf of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2015, the board approved a $4.16 billion spending cut, pulling the company's budget down 11.5 percent from the 2015 budget approved by Mexico's congress. The company also said it will delay deepwater exploration plans and cut jobs in response to weak oil prices.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2019, the company stated the discovery of a deposit in southeastern Mexico that could produce 500 million barrels of crude, the largest discovery in more than 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_status">Financial status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Financial status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pemex_gas_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pemex_gas_station.jpg/220px-Pemex_gas_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pemex_gas_station.jpg/330px-Pemex_gas_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pemex_gas_station.jpg/440px-Pemex_gas_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>Pemex gas station in <a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Taxes on Pemex revenue provide about a third of all the tax revenues collected by the Mexican government.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemex has a debt of $42.5 billion, including $24 billion in <a href="/wiki/Off-balance-sheet" title="Off-balance-sheet">off-balance-sheet</a> debt. The state-owned company pays out over 60% of its revenue in royalties and taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexico exports crude oil, but imports more expensive gasoline.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Hidrocarburos_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (Mexico)">National Hydrocarbons Commission</a>, created in 2008 by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexican Congress</a> to increase regulatory oversight, has increased scrutiny over Pemex in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of July 2019, Pemex is the most indebted oil company in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-veconomist_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veconomist-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidents_and_controversies">Incidents and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Incidents and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incidents">Incidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1979, Pemex's Ixtoc 1 exploratory oil well in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a> suffered a blowout resulting in <a href="/wiki/Ixtoc_I_oil_spill" title="Ixtoc I oil spill">one of the largest oil spills</a> in history.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemex spent $100 million to clean up the spill and avoided most compensation claims by asserting <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">sovereign immunity</a> as a state-run company.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/San_Juanico_disaster" title="San Juanico disaster">November 19th, 1984</a>, a series of <a href="/wiki/Boiling_liquid_expanding_vapor_explosion" title="Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion">BLEVE</a>'s at a Pemex LPG storage facility occur in the heavily populated outskirts of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Ixhuatepec" title="San Juan Ixhuatepec">San Juan Ixhuatepec</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, resulting in the deaths of around 500-600 residents and up to 7000 injured by the explosions, ensuing fire and shrapnel from exploding tanks. It is considered among the deadliest industrial accidents in world history.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pemex was blamed for <a href="/wiki/1992_Guadalajara_explosions" title="1992 Guadalajara explosions">a series of 1992 gas explosions in Guadalajara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 19, 2012, an explosion at the Pemex gas plant in <a href="/wiki/Reynosa" title="Reynosa">Reynosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a> killed 30 and injured 46 people. Pemex Director Juan Jose Suarez said that there was "no evidence that it was a deliberate incident, or some kind of attack".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 31, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Torre_Ejecutiva_Pemex_explosion" title="Torre Ejecutiva Pemex explosion">an explosion</a> occurred at the administrative offices of Pemex in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>. At least 37 people were killed and at least 126 were injured. The cause has not been confirmed. Local media reported that machinery exploded in the basement of an administrative center next door to the 52-story <a href="/wiki/Torre_Ejecutiva_Pemex" title="Torre Ejecutiva Pemex">Pemex tower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 1, 2015, a fire occurred on platform Abkatun A in the southern Gulf of Mexico which killed 4 workers.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 20, 2016, a large explosion and fire at the company's Chlorinate 3 plant in <a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos" title="Coatzacoalcos">Coatzacoalcos</a> killed at least 28 people.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 24, 2016, a fire broke out on the oil tanker "Burgos", off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Boca_del_R%C3%ADo,_Veracruz" title="Boca del Río, Veracruz">Boca del Río, Veracruz</a>, forcing all the crew (31 members) to be evacuated safely. The tanker was carrying 80,000 barrels of diesel and 70,000 barrels of gasoline.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20160927_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20160927-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 18, 2019, <a href="/wiki/Tlahuelilpan_pipeline_explosion" title="Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion">an explosion</a> occurred on a pipeline passing through the village of <a href="/wiki/Tlahuelilpan" title="Tlahuelilpan">Tlauhuelilpan, Hidalgo</a> killing at least 137 people.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several hundred people were gathering around an illegal pipe drain in order to get fuel. Images of the event shows people collecting fuel with buckets and small containers from a waterfall of gasoline. Military and police forces were present during the event for several hours before the explosion but were unable to stop the people from stealing fuel. The pipeline was not closed on time even after the fuel drain was reported.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 2, 2021, a natural gas pipeline owned by Pemex burst in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>. The natural gas was then ignited, causing a "fireball" to appear on the water's surface. The blaze was extinguished with <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> after approximately five hours.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With two explosions at offshore platforms during the summer of 2021, Pemex's security and maintenance procedures are being questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 24, 2021, an oil rig fire killed five workers.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 7, 2023, an explosion followed by a fire on the Nohoch Alfa oil platform offshore <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Campeche</a> in the Gulf of Mexico. The incident was classified as "serious". There were 180 workers on the platform. Two people were killed, another was missing, several were injured. The platform personnel have been evacuated.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 6, 2024, an explosion followed by a fire on the Akal Bravo oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico. The incident was classified as "serious". There were 28 workers on the platform. There was one person killed and at least 13 others were injured<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the U.S. Justice Department reported that some U.S. refineries had bought millions of dollars' worth of oil stolen from Mexican government pipelines. Criminals, especially drug gangs, tap remote pipelines and sometimes build their own pipelines to siphon off hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of oil each year. One oil executive has been charged and has pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges. The U.S. Homeland Security Department will return $2.4 million to Mexico's tax administration—the first money seized during a binational investigation into smuggled oil that authorities expect to lead to more arrests and seizures. In 2010 the former president of <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>-based Trammo Petroleum was sentenced to three years of probation and fined $10,000 after pleading guilty to conspiracy to receive stolen goods.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pemex has a long history of alleged violation of human and labour rights regarding engineers, unrightfully considered to be "trusted workers" who have tried to unionize since 1995 and succeeded, after several repression episodes, in doing so in 2008 and 2009, although at a high human cost.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included the death of a person who was refused medical service at one of Pemex's hospitals because his son had just been sacked for belonging to this union, the Unión Nacional de Técnicos y Profesionistas (shorthand UNTyPP).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also included forcing union members to resign from the Union from their hospital beds, as happened to three cancer patients in 2009. Up to date and in spite of pressure by the Mexican Congress, the International Labour Organization, the Global Compact, the Industrial Global Union and thousands of citizens all over the world, workers fired in 2002, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 have not been all reinstated nor has there been any other reparation.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemex has denied these accusations. </p><p>On November 10, 2019, the institution suffered a cyber attack and its computers were infected with DoppelPaymer <a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">ransomware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2021, the arrest of former CEO Carlos Trevino was ordered after he did not show for his hearing, in which he was being charged with criminal association and money laundering. Testimony was presented by other ex-CEO, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Lozoya_Austin" title="Emilio Lozoya Austin">Emilio Lozoya</a>, who was initially placed in witness protection.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2022, Lozoya was formally charged with money laundering, bribery and criminal association, which could amount to 39 years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corruption">Corruption</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Car_Wash" title="Operation Car Wash">Operation Car Wash</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pemexgasstation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pemexgasstation.jpg/250px-Pemexgasstation.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pemexgasstation.jpg/375px-Pemexgasstation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pemexgasstation.jpg/500px-Pemexgasstation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>A Pemex gas station in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico</figcaption></figure> <p>There have been various allegations of corruption in Pemex for over a decade. These range from political contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a> (PRI) (over $200 million), "no show" jobs – individuals who receive a salary while performing no duties – various forms of fraud, embezzlement and even under-the-table fuel sales. It has been estimated these various forms of corruption contribute to the loss of over $1 billion a year.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Odebrecht" title="Odebrecht">Odebrecht</a> is a Brazilian conglomerate that like Pemex also operates in the field of petroleum. Back in 2010–2012, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Lozoya_Austin" title="Emilio Lozoya Austin">Emilio Lozoya Austin</a> was part of the PRI's team supporting <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a> (EPN) in his presidential campaign. After EPN won the elections, Lozoya was promoted to director of Pemex, a role in which he served for most of EPN's presidency. In 2017, Brazilian newspaper <a href="/wiki/O_Globo" title="O Globo">O Globo</a> claimed that Odebrecht helped finance EPN's presidential campaign, by giving $10 million to Emilio Lozoya as a bribe during times close to the 2012 elections. Soon after EPN won the elections in 2012, Lozoya became a director of Pemex and Odebrecht "won" huge contracts from Pemex and the Mexican government. </p><p>The news of the controversy surfaced in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revealing Lozoya bought a $38 million house with a single payment even before he was named a director of Pemex. Such a house did not fit with his salary at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2017, it was confirmed by the presidency that EPN himself also met with Odebrecht four times during his presidential campaign.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This directly tied EPN into the scandal, albeit EPN claimed not to have received any bribes.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A document from Brazil reported Lozoya received $5 million in November 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Santiago Nieto, in charge of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiscal%C3%ADa_Especializada_para_la_Atenci%C3%B3n_de_los_Delitos_Electorales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiscalía Especializada para la Atención de los Delitos Electorales (page does not exist)">Fiscalía Especializada para la Atención de los Delitos Electorales</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal%C3%ADa_Especializada_para_la_Atenci%C3%B3n_de_los_Delitos_Electorales" class="extiw" title="es:Fiscalía Especializada para la Atención de los Delitos Electorales">es</a>]</span> (FEPADE), an office in charge of investigating electoral crimes, was controversially fired soon after the Odebrecht scandal began. He was said to be receiving too much pressure from EPN and Lozoya to stop the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The firing was criticized by ex-president Felipe Calderon's wife and independent 2018 presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Zavala" title="Margarita Zavala">Margarita Zavala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Peña Nieto said Santiago's restitution fate depended on the Mexican Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization Borde Politico had published weeks before that 116 out of the 128 Mexican senators were incompetent.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mexico" title="Portal:Mexico">Mexico portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Mexico" title="Petroleum industry in Mexico">Petroleum industry in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juanico_disaster" title="San Juanico disaster">San Juanico disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_de_Lima_Cartel" title="Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel">Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Financials-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Financials_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Financials_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Financials_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Financials_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Financials_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/company/pemex/">"Pemex"</a>. <i>Fortune Global 500</i>. Fortune<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune+Global+500&rft.atitle=Pemex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Fcompany%2Fpemex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FS_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pemex.com/en/investors/financial-information/Resultados%20anuales/PEMEX_2019_Financial_Statements.pdf">FS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118154458/https://rankings.americaeconomia.com/2010/500/ranking-500-america-latina.php">"AméricaEconomía – Ránking las 500 mayores empresas de América latina"</a>. americaeconomia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rankings.americaeconomia.com/2010/500/ranking-500-america-latina.php">the original</a> on November 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Am%C3%A9ricaEconom%C3%ADa+%E2%80%93+R%C3%A1nking+las+500+mayores+empresas+de+Am%C3%A9rica+latina&rft.pub=americaeconomia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frankings.americaeconomia.com%2F2010%2F500%2Franking-500-america-latina.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley2017" class="citation news cs1">Riley, Tess (July 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change">"Just 100 companies responsible for 71% of global emissions, study says"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mexico City: Government of Mexico, 1940. 877</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord_ClagettValderrama1973" class="citation book cs1">Lord Clagett, Helen; Valderrama, David M. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qKPfAAAAMAAJ"><i>A Revised Guide to the Law & Legal Literature of Mexico</i></a>. 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<i>www.reforma.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.reforma.com&rft.atitle=Pag%C3%B3+Lozoya+38+mdp+de+contado+por+casa+en+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reforma.com%2Faplicacioneslibre%2Fpreacceso%2Farticulo%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D1186416%26urlredirect%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.reforma.com%2Faplicaciones%2Farticulo%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D1186416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aristeguinoticias.com/2310/mexico/presidencia-admite-reuniones-epn-odebrecht-pero-niega-participacion-de-la-empresa-en-campana-del-pri/">"Presidencia admite reuniones EPN-Odebrecht, pero niega 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href="https://www.forbes.com.mx/mcci-vinculo-odebrecht-pri-campana-presidencial/">"MCCI revela vínculo de Odebrecht con campaña presidencial"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MCCI+revela+v%C3%ADnculo+de+Odebrecht+con+campa%C3%B1a+presidencial&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft.au=Forbes+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com.mx%2Fmcci-vinculo-odebrecht-pri-campana-presidencial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aristeguinoticias.com/2510/mexico/en-brasil-este-documento-involucra-a-lozoya-con-sobornos-de-odebrecht/">"En Brasil, este documento involucra a Lozoya con sobornos de Odebrecht – Aristegui Noticias"</a>. <i>aristeguinoticias.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aristeguinoticias.com&rft.atitle=En+Brasil%2C+este+documento+involucra+a+Lozoya+con+sobornos+de+Odebrecht+%E2%80%93+Aristegui+Noticias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faristeguinoticias.com%2F2510%2Fmexico%2Fen-brasil-este-documento-involucra-a-lozoya-con-sobornos-de-odebrecht%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025235015/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mexico-politics/mexican-prosecutor-says-he-was-unjustly-fired-as-graft-dispute-brews-idUKKBN1CU3AL">"Mexican prosecutor says he was unjustly fired as graft dispute brews"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. October 27, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mexico-politics/mexican-prosecutor-says-he-was-unjustly-fired-as-graft-dispute-brews-idUKKBN1CU3AL">the original</a> on October 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mexican+prosecutor+says+he+was+unjustly+fired+as+graft+dispute+brews&rft.date=2017-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-mexico-politics%2Fmexican-prosecutor-says-he-was-unjustly-fired-as-graft-dispute-brews-idUKKBN1CU3AL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/politica/despido-de-santiago-nieto-es-de-una-enorme-torpeza-zavala">"Despido de Santiago Nieto es de una enorme torpeza: Zavala"</a>. October 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Despido+de+Santiago+Nieto+es+de+una+enorme+torpeza%3A+Zavala&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Fpolitica%2Fdespido-de-santiago-nieto-es-de-una-enorme-torpeza-zavala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/politica/futuro-de-santiago-nieto-en-la-cancha-del-senado-epn">"Futuro de Santiago Nieto, en la cancha del Senado: EPN"</a>. October 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Futuro+de+Santiago+Nieto%2C+en+la+cancha+del+Senado%3A+EPN&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2Fpolitica%2Ffuturo-de-santiago-nieto-en-la-cancha-del-senado-epn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aristeguinoticias.com/0910/mexico/reprobados-116-de-128-senadores-en-materia-de-eficiencia-borde-politico/">"Reprobados 116 de 128 senadores en materia de eficiencia: Borde Político – Aristegui Noticias"</a>. <i>aristeguinoticias.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aristeguinoticias.com&rft.atitle=Reprobados+116+de+128+senadores+en+materia+de+eficiencia%3A+Borde+Pol%C3%ADtico+%E2%80%93+Aristegui+Noticias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faristeguinoticias.com%2F0910%2Fmexico%2Freprobados-116-de-128-senadores-en-materia-de-eficiencia-borde-politico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APemex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemex&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pemex" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pemex">Pemex</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish and English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Pemex.com">Official Pemex website</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070916025822/http://www.hidrosur.com.mx/16-1-Hoja+de+Seguridad+de+los+productos.html">Security sheets for the use of substances (in PDF format) about the Pemex products: Magna, Diesel, Combustoleo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/41/41359.html">Petróleos Mexicanos Company Profile</a> on <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicoinfrastructure.com/">Mexico Energy Reform and related infrastructure projects</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.negociosverdes.mx/asiste-pemex/">All about of Asiste Pemex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexmundi.com/energy.aspx?country=mx&product=oil&graph=production">Mexico's crude oil production chart (1980–2004)</a> – Data sourced from the US Department of Energy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaee.org/pdf/Nov06.pdf#19d">"Pemex: Challenges and Opportunities; Time for Reform?" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Barbados (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Canada (page does not exist)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Haiti (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Jamaica (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oil in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871308#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871308#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871308#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007444029305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pemex&oldid=1257939031">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pemex&oldid=1257939031</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pemex" title="Category:Pemex">Pemex</a></li><li><a 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