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Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kebijakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebijakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kebijakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kebijakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 54 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwe_Ekonomiese_Beleid" title="Nuwe Ekonomiese Beleid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nuwe Ekonomiese Beleid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="السياسة الاقتصادية الجديدة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السياسة الاقتصادية الجديدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_iqtisadi_siyas%C9%99t" title="Yeni iqtisadi siyasət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeni iqtisadi siyasət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая эканамічная палітыка – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новая эканамічная палітыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая эканамічная палітыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новая эканамічная палітыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова икономическа политика – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова икономическа политика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B2mica" title="Nova Política Econòmica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova Política Econòmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_ekonomick%C3%A1_politika" title="Nová ekonomická politika – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nová ekonomická politika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_%C3%96konomische_Politik" title="Neue Ökonomische Politik – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neue Ökonomische Politik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="New Economic Policy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Ekonomia_Politiko" title="Nova Ekonomia Politiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nova Ekonomia Politiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Nueva Política Económica – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva Política Económica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uus_majanduspoliitika" title="Uus majanduspoliitika – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uus majanduspoliitika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_Ekonomiko_Berria" title="Politika Ekonomiko Berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Politika Ekonomiko Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سیاستهای نوین اقتصادی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاستهای نوین اقتصادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle_politique_%C3%A9conomique" title="Nouvelle politique économique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouvelle politique économique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Nova Política Económica – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova Política Económica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%22%D7%A4" title="נא"פ – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נא"פ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aj_gazdas%C3%A1gpolitika" title="Új gazdaságpolitika – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Új gazdaságpolitika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նոր տնտեսական քաղաքականություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոր տնտեսական քաղաքականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuova_politica_economica" title="Nuova politica economica – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuova politica economica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%97" title="ネップ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネップ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Жаңа экономикалық саясат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа экономикалық саясат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" title="신경제정책 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경제정책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noeuva_Politega_Economega" title="Noeuva Politega Economega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Noeuva Politega Economega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%83%E0%BB%9D%E0%BB%88" title="ນະໂຍບາຍເສດຖະກິດໃໝ່ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນະໂຍບາຍເສດຖະກິດໃໝ່" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_ekonomin%C4%97_politika" title="Naujoji ekonominė politika – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji ekonominė politika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaun%C4%81_ekonomisk%C4%81_politika" title="Jaunā ekonomiskā politika – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaunā ekonomiskā politika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економска политика – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова економска политика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwe_Economische_Politiek" title="Nieuwe Economische Politiek – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nieuwe Economische Politiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Polityka_Ekonomiczna" title="Nowa Polityka Ekonomiczna – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa Polityka Ekonomiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B4mica" title="Nova Política Econômica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Política Econômica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noua_Politic%C4%83_Economic%C4%83" title="Noua Politică Economică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noua Politică Economică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая экономическая политика – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая экономическая политика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Economic Policy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економска политика – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова економска политика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny_ekonomisk_politik" title="Ny ekonomisk politik – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ny ekonomisk politik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="புதிய பொருளாதாரக் கொள்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதிய பொருளாதாரக் கொள்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="นโยบายเศรษฐกิจใหม่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นโยบายเศรษฐกิจใหม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagong_Polisiyang_Pang-ekonomiya" title="Bagong Polisiyang Pang-ekonomiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bagong Polisiyang Pang-ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_Ekonomi_Politikas%C4%B1" title="Yeni Ekonomi Politikası – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni Ekonomi Politikası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_%C4%B0qtisadi_S%C3%A4y%C3%A4s%C3%A4t" title="Yaña İqtisadi Säyäsät – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Yaña İqtisadi Säyäsät" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економічна політика – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова економічна політика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_s%C3%A1ch_kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_m%E1%BB%9Bi_(Li%C3%AAn_X%C3%B4)" title="Chính sách kinh tế mới (Liên Xô) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính sách kinh tế mới (Liên Xô)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="新经济政策 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新经济政策" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45745#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&oldid=26447805" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&id=26447805&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Artikel ini adalah bagian dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Politik_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Politik Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">seri</a>:</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Uni_Soviet" title="Politik Uni Soviet">Politik Uni Soviet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/203px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/270px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="line-height:0.5em;font-size:50%;">  </td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lightcoral;">Kepemimpinan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Daftar_pemimpin_Uni_Soviet" title="Daftar pemimpin Uni Soviet">Pemimpin</a></b></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kepala_Negara_Uni_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kepala Negara Uni Soviet">Kepala Negara</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Uni_Soviet" title="Presiden Uni Soviet">Presiden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kepala_negara_Uni_Soviet#Wakil_Kepala_Negara" title="Daftar kepala negara Uni Soviet">Wakil Presiden</a></li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepemimpinan_bersama_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Kepemimpinan bersama di Uni Soviet">Kepemimpinan bersama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Uni_Soviet" title="Dewan Negara Uni Soviet">Dewan Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Presidensial_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Presidensial Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Presidensial</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lightcoral;"><a href="/wiki/Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet" title="Partai Komunis Uni Soviet">Partai Komunis</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333518"><table class="sidebar" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size: 100%; clear:none; float:none;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet" title="Kongres Partai Komunis Uni Soviet">Kongres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komite_Pusat_Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Komite Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet">Komite Pusat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Partai Komunis Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sekretaris_Jenderal_Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet" title="Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet">Sekretaris Jenderal</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politbiro_Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Politbiro Partai Komunis Uni Soviet">Politbiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekretariat_Komite_Pusat_Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekretariat Komite Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet">Sekretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgbiro" title="Orgbiro">Orgbiro</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lightcoral;">Perwakilan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333518"><table class="sidebar" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size: 100%; clear:none; float:none;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Soviet_Uni_Soviet" title="Kongres Soviet Uni Soviet">Kongres Soviet</a><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Eksekutif_Pusat_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Eksekutif Pusat Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Eksekutif Pusat</a>)</div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Agung_Uni_Soviet" title="Majelis Agung Uni Soviet">Majelis Agung</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Kesatuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Kesatuan">Dewan Kesatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Kebangsaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Kebangsaan">Dewan Kebangsaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_Majelis_Agung#Presidium_Majelis_Agung_Uni_Soviet" title="Presidium Majelis Agung">Presidium</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Uni_Soviet" title="Kongres Perwakilan Rakyat Uni Soviet">Kongres Perwakilan Rakyat</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kepala_Negara_Uni_Soviet#Daftar_kepala_negara" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kepala Negara Uni Soviet">Ketua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilu_legislatif_Uni_Soviet_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilu legislatif Uni Soviet 1989 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemilu legislatif 1989</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lightcoral;">Pemerintahan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333518"><table class="sidebar" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size: 100%; clear:none; float:none;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitusi_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitusi Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Konstitusi</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nama_resmi_Uni_Soviet" title="Nama resmi Uni Soviet">Nama resmi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitusi_Soviet_1924&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitusi Soviet 1924 (halaman belum tersedia)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstitusi_Soviet_1936" title="Konstitusi Soviet 1936">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstitusi_Soviet_1977" title="Konstitusi Soviet 1977">1977</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Pemerintah_Uni_Soviet" title="Pemerintah Uni Soviet">Pemerintah</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kementerian_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Kementerian di Uni Soviet">Kementerian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Negara_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Negara Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_pemerintahan_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar pemerintahan di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Kabinet</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kepala_Pemerintahan_Uni_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kepala Pemerintahan Uni Soviet">Kepala Pemerintahan</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wakil_Pertama_Perdana_Menteri_Uni_Soviet" title="Wakil Pertama Perdana Menteri Uni Soviet">Wakil Pertama Perdana Menteri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakil_Perdana_Menteri_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakil Perdana Menteri Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakil Perdana Menteri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekretaris_Perdana_Menteri_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekretaris Perdana Menteri Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekretaris Perdana Menteri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrator_Urusan_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrator Urusan Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Administrator Urusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Komisar_Rakyat" title="Dewan Komisar Rakyat">Dewan Komisar Rakyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Menteri_Uni_Soviet" title="Dewan Menteri Uni Soviet">Dewan Menteri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabinet_Menteri_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabinet Menteri Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Kabinet Menteri</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lightcoral;">Hukum</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_Uni_Soviet" title="Mahkamah Agung Uni Soviet">Mahkamah Agung</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penasihat_Militer_Mahkamah_Agung_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penasihat Militer Mahkamah Agung Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Penasihat Militer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengadilan_Rakyat_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengadilan Rakyat Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengadilan Rakyat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengadilan_Negeri_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengadilan Negeri Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengadilan Negeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaksa_Agung_Uni_Soviet" title="Jaksa Agung Uni Soviet">Kejaksaan Agung</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lightcoral;"><a href="/wiki/Ideologi_Partai_Komunis_Uni_Soviet" title="Ideologi Partai Komunis Uni Soviet">Ideologi</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333518"><table class="sidebar" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size: 100%; clear:none; float:none;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demokrasi_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demokrasi Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Demokrasi Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxisme%E2%80%93Leninisme" title="Marxisme–Leninisme">Marxisme–Leninisme</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leninisme" title="Leninisme">Leninisme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Stalinisme" title="Stalinisme">Stalinisme</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khrushchevisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khrushchevisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Khrushchevisme</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Stalinisasi" title="De-Stalinisasi">De-Stalinisasi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lightcoral;">Masyarakat</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333518"><table class="sidebar" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size: 100%; clear:none; float:none;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Uni_Soviet" title="Ekonomi Uni Soviet">Ekonomi</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertanian_Uni_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertanian Uni Soviet">Pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barang_kebutuhan_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barang kebutuhan di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Barang kebutuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rencana_lima_tahun_bagi_perekonomian_nasional_Uni_Soviet" title="Rencana lima tahun bagi perekonomian nasional Uni Soviet">Rencana Lima Tahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_ekonomi_Soviet_1965" title="Reformasi ekonomi Soviet 1965">Reformasi Kosygin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_Stagnasi" title="Era Stagnasi">Era Stagnasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perencanaan_keseimbangan_material" title="Perencanaan keseimbangan material">Perencanaan keseimbangan material</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunisme_perang" title="Komunisme perang">Komunisme perang</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Uni_Soviet" title="Demografi Uni Soviet">Demografi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendidikan_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendidikan di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keluarga_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keluarga di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Keluarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraseologi_Soviet" title="Fraseologi Soviet">Fraseologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Soviet Union (halaman belum tersedia)">Agama</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekanan</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyensoran_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyensoran di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyensoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyensoran_gambar_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Penyensoran gambar di Uni Soviet">Penyensoran gambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_Besar-Besaran" title="Pembersihan Besar-Besaran">Pembersihan Besar-Besaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Sistem gulag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolektivisasi_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Kolektivisasi di Uni Soviet">Kolektivisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak_asasi_manusia_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak asasi manusia di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">HAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penindasan_ideologi_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penindasan ideologi di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Penindasan ideologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riset_paksa_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riset paksa di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Riset paksa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyalahgunaan_politik_psikiatri_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyalahgunaan politik psikiatri di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyalahgunaan politik psikiatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_politik_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Penindasan politik di Uni Soviet">Penindasan politik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penindasan_ekonomi_di_Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penindasan ekonomi di Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Penindasan ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemindahan_penduduk_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Pemindahan penduduk di Uni Soviet">Pemindahan penduduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Propaganda di Uni Soviet">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teror_Merah" title="Teror Merah">Teror Merah</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politik_menurut_negara" title="Kategori:Politik menurut negara">Negara lainnya</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Uni_Soviet" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas Uni Soviet">Atlas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Uni_Soviet" title="Templat:Uni Soviet"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Uni_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Uni Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Uni_Soviet&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a>: новая экономическая политика - <i>novaya ekonomicheskaya politika</i> atau НЭП) adalah kebijakan ekonomi <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> yang diusulkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> sebagai tindakan sementara. Lenin mengkarakterisasi NEP pada tahun 1922 sebagai sistem ekonomi yang mencakup "<a href="/wiki/Pasar_bebas" title="Pasar bebas">pasar bebas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a>, keduanya tunduk pada kendali negara", sementara perusahaan negara yang disosialisasikan akan beroperasi berdasarkan "basis keuntungan". </p><p>Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru memperbolehkan bisnis kecil dibuka kembali untuk keuntungan pribadi sementara negara tetap menguasai bank, perdagangan luar negeri dan industri besar.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru secara resmi dipilih pada kongres ke-10 Partai Komunis Rusia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kebijakan">Kebijakan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kebijakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kebijakan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Undang-undang tersebut menyetujui koeksistensi sektor swasta dan publik, yang tergabung dalam NEP, yang merupakan "ekonomi campuran" yang berorientasi pada negara. NEP mencerminkan peralihan dari nasionalisasi penuh pada bagian-bagian industri tertentu. Beberapa jenis investasi asing diharapkan oleh Uni Soviet di bawah NEP, untuk mendanai proyek-proyek industri dan pembangunan dengan kebutuhan devisa atau teknologi. </p><p>NEP pada dasarnya adalah kebijakan pertanian baru. Kaum Bolshevik memandang kehidupan desa tradisional sebagai sesuatu yang konservatif dan terbelakang. Dengan adanya NEP, negara hanya mengizinkan kepemilikan tanah swasta karena gagasan pertanian kolektif mendapat tentangan keras. </p><p>Lenin memahami bahwa kondisi ekonomi sedang buruk, jadi dia membuka pasar perdagangan bebas yang lebih luas, dengan harapan dapat memotivasi penduduk untuk meningkatkan produksi. Di bawah NEP, tidak hanya "kepemilikan pribadi, perusahaan swasta, dan keuntungan pribadi sebagian besar dipulihkan di Rusia pada masa pemerintahan Lenin," namun rezim Lenin meminta bantuan kapitalisme internasional, dan bersedia memberikan "konsesi yang besar kepada kapitalisme asing." Lenin mengambil posisi bahwa untuk mencapai sosialisme, ia harus menciptakan "prasyarat material yang hilang" dari modernisasi dan pembangunan industri yang mengharuskan Soviet Rusia untuk "kembali ke program kapitalisme negara yang dipengaruhi pasar dan diawasi secara terpusat". Lenin mengikuti ajaran Karl Marx bahwa suatu negara harus terlebih dahulu mencapai "kematangan kapitalisme sepenuhnya sebagai prasyarat realisasi sosialis". Tahun-tahun mendatang akan menggunakan istilah Marxisme–Leninisme untuk menggambarkan pendekatan Lenin terhadap kebijakan ekonomi yang dianggap mendukung kebijakan yang menggerakkan negara menuju komunisme. Kebijakan utama yang digunakan Lenin adalah mengakhiri permintaan gandum dan sebagai gantinya memberlakukan pajak (Prodnalog) terhadap para petani, sehingga memungkinkan mereka untuk menyimpan dan memperdagangkan sebagian dari hasil panen mereka. Pada mulanya dikenal pajak ini dibayarkan dalam bentuk natura, yaitu dalam bentuk jasa pertanian, namun seiring dengan stabilnya mata uang pada tahun 1924, pajak tersebut diubah menjadi pembayaran tunai. Hal ini meningkatkan insentif petani untuk berproduksi, dan sebagai responsnya, produksi melonjak sebesar 40% setelah kekeringan dan kelaparan pada tahun 1921–22. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Davies, R. W. (ed.) (1991). <i>From tsarism to the new economic policy: continuity and change in the economy of the USSR.</i> Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0801426219" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8014-2621-9</a>. </p><p>Fitzpatrick, Sheila, et al (ed.) (1991). <i>Russia in the Era of NEP</i>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/025320657X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-253-20657-X</a>. </p><p>Golitsyn, Anatoliy (1984). <i>New Lies for Old - The Communist Strategy of Deception and Disinformation</i>. New York, Dodd, Mead & Company </p><p>Golitsyn, Anatoliy (1995). <i>Perestroika Deception - Memoranda to the Central Intelligence Agency - The World's Slide Towards the Second October Revolution (Weltoktober)</i>. London, New York, Edward Harle Ltd. </p><p>NEP Era Journal: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/NEPera/main/index.php">http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/NEPera/main/index.php</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor (2007). "Revolution and Civil War in Russia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prenticehallworl0000elli_l3g3"><i>World History; The Modern Era</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Prentice_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson Prentice Hall (halaman belum tersedia)">Pearson Prentice Hall</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prenticehallworl0000elli_l3g3/page/483">483</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-13-129973-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-13-129973-5">0-13-129973-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revolution+and+Civil+War+in+Russia&rft.btitle=World+History%3B+The+Modern+Era&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=483&rft.pub=Pearson+Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-13-129973-5&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth+Gaynor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprenticehallworl0000elli_l3g3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKebijakan+Ekonomi+Baru" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hourglass_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/23px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/35px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/46px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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