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modulus</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: microscopic modulus"> <meta name="keywords" content="microscopic modulus"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="microscopic modulus"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1148</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: microscopic modulus</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1148</span> Experimental Research on the Elastic Modulus of Bones at the Lamellar Level under Fatigue Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianjia%20Meng">Xianjia Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuanyong%20Qu"> Chuanyong Qu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compact bone produces fatigue damage under the inevitable physiological load. The accumulation of fatigue damage can change the bone’s micro-structure at different scales and cause the catastrophic failure eventually. However, most tests were limited to the macroscopic modulus of bone and there is a need to assess the microscopic modulus during fatigue progress. In this paper, nano-identation was used to investigate the bone specimen subjected to four point bending. The microscopic modulus of the same area were measured at different degrees of damage including fracture. So microscopic damage can be divided into three stages: first, the modulus decreased rapidly and then They fell slowly, before fracture the decline became fast again. After fracture, the average modulus decreased by 20%. The results of inner and outer planes explained the influence of compressive and tensile loads on modulus. Both the compressive and tensile moduli decreased with the accumulation of damage. They reached the minimum at ending and increased after fracture. The modulus evolution under different strains were revealed by the side. They all fell slowly and then fast with the accumulation of damage. The fractured results indicated that the elastic modulus decreased obviously at the high strain while decreased less at the low strain. During the fatigue progress, there was a significant difference in modulus at low degree of damage. However, the dispersed modulus tended to be similar at high degree of damage, but they became different again after the failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20damage" title="fatigue damage">fatigue damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20modulus" title=" microscopic modulus"> microscopic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone" title=" bone"> bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-identation" title=" nano-identation"> nano-identation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107066/experimental-research-on-the-elastic-modulus-of-bones-at-the-lamellar-level-under-fatigue-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1147</span> Numerical Study on Ultimate Capacity of Bi-Modulus Beam-Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiming%20Ye">Zhiming Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejiang%20Wang"> Dejiang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiling%20Zhao"> Huiling Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of the technology demands a higher-level research on the mechanical behavior of materials. Structural members made of bi-modulus materials have different elastic modulus when they are under tension and compression. The stress and strain states of the point effect on the elastic modulus and Poisson ratio of every point in the bi-modulus material body. Accompanied by the uncertainty and nonlinearity of the elastic constitutive relation is the complicated nonlinear problem of the bi-modulus members. In this paper, the small displacement and large displacement finite element method for the bi-modulus members have been proposed. Displacement nonlinearity is considered in the elastic constitutive equation. Mechanical behavior of slender bi-modulus beam-column under different boundary conditions and loading patterns has been simulated by the proposed method. The influence factors on the ultimate bearing capacity of slender beam and columns have been studied. The results show that as the ratio of tensile modulus to compressive modulus increases, the error of the simulation employing the same elastic modulus theory exceeds the engineering permissible error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-modulus" title="bi-modulus">bi-modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20capacity" title=" ultimate capacity"> ultimate capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam-column" title=" beam-column"> beam-column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinearity" title=" nonlinearity"> nonlinearity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66426/numerical-study-on-ultimate-capacity-of-bi-modulus-beam-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1146</span> On Definition of Modulus of Deformation of Ground by Laboratory Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olgha%20Giorgishvili">Olgha Giorgishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work is mainly concerned with the determination of modulus of deformation by laboratory method. It is known that a modulus of deformation is defining by laboratory and field methods. By laboratory method the modulus of deformation is defined in the compressive devices. Our goal is to conduct experiments by both methods and finally make to interpret the obtained results. In this article is considered the definition by new offered laboratory method of deformation modulus that is closer to the real deformation modulus. Finally, the obtained results gives the possibility to us to raise the issue of change the state norms for determining ground by laboratory method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title="building">building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mechanic" title=" soil mechanic"> soil mechanic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20moulus" title=" deformation moulus"> deformation moulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20methods" title=" compression methods"> compression methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18737/on-definition-of-modulus-of-deformation-of-ground-by-laboratory-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1145</span> An Atomic Finite Element Model for Mechanical Properties of Graphene Sheets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Win-Jin%20Chang">Win-Jin Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haw-Long%20Lee"> Haw-Long Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ching%20Yang"> Yu-Ching Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we use the atomic-scale finite element method to investigate the mechanical behavior of the armchair- and zigzag-structured nanoporous graphene sheets with the clamped-free-free-free boundary condition under tension and shear loadings. The effect of porosity on Young’s modulus and shear modulus of nanoporous graphene sheets is obvious. For the armchair- and zigzag-structured nanoporous graphene sheets, Young’s modulus and shear modulus decreases with increasing porosity. Young’s modulus and shear modulus of zigzag graphene are larger than that of armchair one for the same porosity. The results are useful for application in the design of nanoporous graphene sheets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoporous" title=" nanoporous"> nanoporous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%27s%20modulus" title=" Young's modulus"> Young's modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65038/an-atomic-finite-element-model-for-mechanical-properties-of-graphene-sheets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1144</span> Evaluation of Static Modulus of Elasticity Depending on Concrete Compressive Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klara%20Krizova">Klara Krizova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudolf%20Hela"> Rudolf Hela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is focused on monitoring of dependencies of different composition concretes on elastic modulus values. To obtain a summary of elastic modulus development independence of concrete composition design variability was the objective of the experiment. Essential part of this work was initiated as a reaction to building practice when questions of elastic moduli arose at the same time and which mostly did not obtain the required and expected values from concrete constructions. With growing interest in this theme the elastic modulus questions have been developing further. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20%0D%0Aof%20elasticity" title=" modulus of elasticity"> modulus of elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EuroCode%202" title=" EuroCode 2"> EuroCode 2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30167/evaluation-of-static-modulus-of-elasticity-depending-on-concrete-compressive-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1143</span> Selected Technological Factors Influencing the Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klara%20Krizova">Klara Krizova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudolf%20Hela"> Rudolf Hela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The topic of the article focuses on the evaluation of selected technological factors and their influence on resulting elasticity modulus of concrete. A series of various factors enter into the manufacturing process which, more or less, influences the elasticity modulus. This paper presents the results of concrete in which the influence of water coefficient and the size of maximum fraction of the aggregate on the static elasticity modulus were monitored. Part of selected results of the long-term programme was discussed in which a wide scope of various variants of proposals for the composition of concretes was evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mix%20design" title="mix design">mix design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-cement%20ratio" title=" water-cement ratio"> water-cement ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate" title=" aggregate"> aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" modulus of elasticity"> modulus of elasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6495/selected-technological-factors-influencing-the-modulus-of-elasticity-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1142</span> Assessment of Analytical Equations for the Derivation of Young’s Modulus of Bonded Rubber Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20N.%20Haji">Z. N. Haji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Oyadiji"> S. O. Oyadiji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Samami"> H. Samami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Farrell"> O. Farrell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prediction of the vibration response of rubber products by analytical or numerical method depends mainly on the predefined intrinsic material properties such as Young’s modulus, damping factor and Poisson’s ratio. Such intrinsic properties are determined experimentally by subjecting a bonded rubber sample to compression tests. The compression tests on such a sample yield an apparent Young’s modulus which is greater in magnitude than the intrinsic Young’s modulus of the rubber. As a result, many analytical equations have been developed to determine Young’s modulus from an apparent Young’s modulus of bonded rubber materials. In this work, the applicability of some of these analytical equations is assessed via experimental testing. The assessment is based on testing of vulcanized nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR70) samples using tensile test and compression test methods. The analytical equations are used to determine the intrinsic Young’s modulus from the apparent modulus that is derived from the compression test data of the bonded rubber samples. Then, these Young’s moduli are compared with the actual Young’s modulus that is derived from the tensile test data. The results show significant discrepancy between the Young’s modulus derived using the analytical equations and the actual Young’s modulus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bonded%20rubber" title="bonded rubber">bonded rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-static%20test" title=" quasi-static test"> quasi-static test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20factor" title=" shape factor"> shape factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20Young%E2%80%99s%20modulus" title=" apparent Young’s modulus"> apparent Young’s modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104859/assessment-of-analytical-equations-for-the-derivation-of-youngs-modulus-of-bonded-rubber-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1141</span> Surface Activation of Carbon Nanotubes Generating a Chemical Interaction in Epoxy Nanocomposite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Eldessouki">Mohamed Eldessouki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebraheem%20Shady"> Ebraheem Shady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Gowayed"> Yasser Gowayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known for having high elastic properties with high surface area that promote them as good candidates for reinforcing polymeric matrices. In composite materials, CNTs lack chemical bonding with the surrounding matrix which decreases the possibility of better stress transfer between the components. In this work, a chemical treatment for activating the surface of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was applied and the effect of this functionalization on the elastic properties of the epoxy nanocomposites was studied. Functional amino-groups were added to the surface of the CNTs and it was evaluated to be about 34% of the total weight of the CNTs. Elastic modulus was found to increase by about 40% of the neat epoxy resin at CNTs’ weight fraction of 0.5%. The elastic modulus was found to decrease after reaching a certain concentration of CNTs which was found to be 1% wt. The scanning electron microscopic pictures showed the effect of the CNTs on the crack propagation through the sample by forming stress concentrated spots at the nanocomposite samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes%20functionalization" title="carbon nanotubes functionalization">carbon nanotubes functionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20propagation" title=" crack propagation"> crack propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title=" elastic modulus"> elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20nanocomposites" title=" epoxy nanocomposites"> epoxy nanocomposites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7896/surface-activation-of-carbon-nanotubes-generating-a-chemical-interaction-in-epoxy-nanocomposite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1140</span> Ground Deformation Module for the New Laboratory Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Giorgishvili">O. Giorgishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For calculation of foundations one of the important characteristics is the module of deformation (E0). As we all know, the main goal of calculation of the foundations of buildings on deformation is to arrange the base settling and difference in settlings in such limits that do not cause origination of cracks and changes in design levels that will be dangerous to standard operation in the buildings and their individual structures. As is known from the literature and the practical application, the modulus of deformation is determined by two basic methods: laboratory method, soil test on compression (without the side widening) and soil test in field conditions. As we know, the deformation modulus of soil determined by field method is closer to the actual modulus deformation of soil, but the complexity of the tests to be carried out and the financial concerns did not allow determination of ground deformation modulus by field method. Therefore, we determine the ground modulus of deformation by compression method without side widening. Concerning this, we introduce a new way for determination of ground modulus of deformation by laboratory order that occurs by side widening and more accurately reflects the ground modulus of deformation and more accurately reflects the actual modulus of deformation and closer to the modulus of deformation determined by the field method. In this regard, we bring a new approach on the ground deformation detection laboratory module, which is done by widening sides. The tests and the results showed that the proposed method of ground deformation modulus is closer to the results that are obtained in the field, which reflects the foundation's work in real terms more accurately than the compression of the ground deformation module. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=build" title="build">build</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20modulus" title=" deformation modulus"> deformation modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundations" title=" foundations"> foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground" title=" ground"> ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20research" title=" laboratory research"> laboratory research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36668/ground-deformation-module-for-the-new-laboratory-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1139</span> SOM Map vs Hopfield Neural Network: A Comparative Study in Microscopic Evacuation Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhour%20Neji%20Ben%20Salem">Zouhour Neji Ben Salem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microscopic evacuation focuses on the evacuee behavior and way of search of safety place in an egress situation. In recent years, several models handled microscopic evacuation problem. Among them, we have proposed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as an alternative to mathematical models that can deal with such problem. In this paper, we present two ANN models: SOM map and Hopfield Network used to predict the evacuee behavior in a disaster situation. These models are tested in a real case, the second floor of Tunisian children hospital evacuation in case of fire. The two models are studied and compared in order to evaluate their performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-organization%20map" title=" self-organization map"> self-organization map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hopfield%20network" title=" hopfield network"> hopfield network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20evacuation" title=" microscopic evacuation"> microscopic evacuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20building%20evacuation" title=" fire building evacuation"> fire building evacuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27689/som-map-vs-hopfield-neural-network-a-comparative-study-in-microscopic-evacuation-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1138</span> Distributed Actor System for Traffic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Wang">Han Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuoxian%20Dai"> Zhuoxian Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhe%20Zhu"> Zhe Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Zhang"> Hui Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyu%20Zeng"> Zhenyu Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In traditional microscopic traffic simulation, various approaches have been suggested to implement the single-agent behaviors about lane changing and intelligent driver model. However, when it comes to very large metropolitan areas, microscopic traffic simulation requires more resources and become time-consuming, then macroscopic traffic simulation aggregate trends of interests rather than individual vehicle traces. In this paper, we describe the architecture and implementation of the actor system of microscopic traffic simulation, which exploits the distributed architecture of modern-day cloud computing. The results demonstrate that our architecture achieves high-performance and outperforms all the other traditional microscopic software in all tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this the first system that enables single-agent behavior in macroscopic traffic simulation. We thus believe it contributes to a new type of system for traffic simulation, which could provide individual vehicle behaviors in microscopic traffic simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actor%20system" title="actor system">actor system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20system" title=" distributed system"> distributed system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20simulation" title=" traffic simulation"> traffic simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128664/distributed-actor-system-for-traffic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1137</span> Impact of the Quality of Aggregate on the Elasticity Modulus of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Krizova">K. Krizova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This objective of this article is to present concrete that differs by the size of the aggregate used. The set of concrete contained six concrete recipes manufactured as traditional vibrated concrete containing identical basic components of concrete. The experiment focused on monitoring the resulting properties of hardened concrete, specifically the primary strength and modulus of the concrete elasticity and the developing parameters from 7 to 180 days were assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate" title="aggregate">aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity%20modulus" title=" elasticity modulus"> elasticity modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38600/impact-of-the-quality-of-aggregate-on-the-elasticity-modulus-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1136</span> First-Principles Calculations and Thermo-Calc Study of the Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties of Ti-Nb-ZR-Ta Alloy for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Madigoe">M. Madigoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Modiba"> R. Modiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High alloyed beta (β) phase-stabilized titanium alloys are known to have a low elastic modulus comparable to that of the human bone (≈30 GPa). The β phase in titanium alloys exhibits an elastic Young’s modulus of about 60-80 GPa, which is nearly half that of α-phase (100-120 GPa). In this work, a theoretical investigation of structural stability and thermodynamic stability, as well as the elastic properties of a quaternary Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy, will be presented with an attempt to lower Young’s modulus. The structural stability and elastic properties of the alloy were evaluated using the first-principles approach within the density functional theory (DFT) framework implemented in the CASTEP code. The elastic properties include bulk modulus B, elastic Young’s modulus E, shear modulus cʹ and Poisson’s ratio v. Thermodynamic stability, as well as the fraction of β phase in the alloy, was evaluated using the Thermo-Calc software package. Thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs free energy (Δ?⁰?) and enthalpy of formation will be presented in addition to phase proportion diagrams. The stoichiometric compositions of the alloy is Ti-Nbx-Ta5-Zr5 (x = 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 at.%). An optimum alloy composition must satisfy the Born stability criteria and also possess low elastic Young’s modulus. In addition, the alloy must be thermodynamically stable, i.e., Δ?⁰? < 0. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title="elastic modulus">elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20proportion%20diagram" title=" phase proportion diagram"> phase proportion diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-calc" title=" thermo-calc"> thermo-calc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloys" title=" titanium alloys"> titanium alloys</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141420/first-principles-calculations-and-thermo-calc-study-of-the-elastic-and-thermodynamic-properties-of-ti-nb-zr-ta-alloy-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1135</span> Climate Change Effect on the Dynamic Modulus Property of Asphalt Concrete in Southern England Using UKCP09</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Idiata">David Idiata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is directed at using the UKCP09 climate change projection tool to predict the effect of climate change on the dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete is Southern England knowing that there is a pressing challenge directly facing infrastructure in the urban cities in the world today due to climate change. Climate change causes change in the environment which in turn impacts on the long-term structural performance of structures. From the projection values obtained, it was discovered that as the temperature increases, the dynamic modulus reduces and this effect was more on the South West which have temperature range of 36.8 oC to 48.3 oC and dynamic modulus range of 2,212 MPa to 1256 MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modulus" title="dynamic modulus">dynamic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20concrete" title=" asphalt concrete"> asphalt concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UKCP09" title=" UKCP09"> UKCP09</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southern%20England" title=" Southern England"> Southern England</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72546/climate-change-effect-on-the-dynamic-modulus-property-of-asphalt-concrete-in-southern-england-using-ukcp09" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1134</span> Comparison for Some Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Plutonium Dioxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Guler">M. Guler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Guler"> E. Guler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report some elastic parameters of cubic fluorite type neptunium dioxide (NpO2) with a recent EAM type interatomic potential through geometry optimization calculations. Typical cubic elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, young modulus and other relevant elastic parameters were also calculated during research. After calculations, we have compared our results with the available theoretical data. Our results agree well with the previous theoretical findings of the considered quantities of NpO2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NpO2" title="NpO2">NpO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20properties" title=" elastic properties"> elastic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20modulus" title=" bulk modulus"> bulk modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35281/comparison-for-some-elastic-and-mechanical-properties-of-plutonium-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1133</span> Effect of Elastic Modulus Anisotropy on Helical Piles Behavior in Sandy Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ziaie%20Moayed">Reza Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Shamsi%20Soosahab"> Javad Shamsi Soosahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Helical piles are being used extensively in engineering applications all over the world. There are insufficient studies on the helical piles' behavior in anisotropic soils. In this paper, numerical modeling was adopted to investigate the effect of elastic modulus anisotropy on helical pile behavior resting on anisotropic sand by using a finite element limit analysis. The load-displacement behavior of helical piles under compression and tension loads is investigated in different relative densities of soils, and the effect of the ratio of horizontal elastic modulus with respect to vertical elastic modulus (EH/EV) is evaluated. The obtained results illustrate that in sandy soils, the anisotropic ratio of elastic modulus (EH/EV) has notable effect on bearing capacity of helical piles in different relative density. Therefore, it may be recommended that the effect of anisotropic condition of soil elastic modulus should be considered in helical piles behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helical%20piles" title="helical piles">helical piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title=" bearing capacity"> bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20anisotropy" title=" soil anisotropy"> soil anisotropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126818/effect-of-elastic-modulus-anisotropy-on-helical-piles-behavior-in-sandy-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1132</span> Extended Multi-Modulus Divider for Open Loop Fractional Dividers and Fractional Multiplying Delay Locked Loops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Swilam">Muhammad Swilam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solutions for the wrong division problem of the Extended Multi-Modulus Divider (EMMD) that occurs during modulus extension (i.e. switching the modulus value between two different ranges of division ratios), in open loop fractional dividers and fractional multiplying delay locked loop, is proposed. A detailed study for the MMD with Sigma-Delta is also presented. Moreover, extensive simulations for the divider are presented to ensure and verify its functionality and compared with the conventional dividers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20multi-modulus%20divider%20%28EMMD%29" title="extended multi-modulus divider (EMMD)">extended multi-modulus divider (EMMD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20multiplying%20delay%20locked%20loop" title=" fractional multiplying delay locked loop"> fractional multiplying delay locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20loop%20fractional%20divider" title=" open loop fractional divider"> open loop fractional divider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigma%20delta%20modulator" title=" sigma delta modulator"> sigma delta modulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31648/extended-multi-modulus-divider-for-open-loop-fractional-dividers-and-fractional-multiplying-delay-locked-loops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1131</span> A Benchmark for Some Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Uranium Dioxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20G%C3%BCler">E. Güler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G%C3%BCler"> M. Güler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present some elastic parameters of cubic fluorite type uranium dioxide (UO2) with a recent EAM type interatomic potential through geometry optimization calculations. Typical cubic elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, young modulus and other related elastic parameters were calculated during research. After calculations, we compared our results not only with the available theoretical data but also with previous experimental results. Our results are consistent with experiments and compare well the former theoretical results of the considered parameters of UO2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UO2" title="UO2">UO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20modulus" title=" bulk modulus"> bulk modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35108/a-benchmark-for-some-elastic-and-mechanical-properties-of-uranium-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1130</span> A Comparison for Some Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Neptunium Dioxide </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20G%C3%BCler">E. Güler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G%C3%BCler"> M. Güler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report some elastic quantities of cubic fluorite type plutonium dioxide (PuO2) with a recent EAM type interatomic potential through geometry optimization calculations. Typical cubic elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, young modulus and other related elastic quantities were calculated during present research. After present calculations, we have compared our results with the existing theoretical data of literature. Our results are consistent with previous theoretical findings of the considered parameters of PuO2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PuO2" title="PuO2">PuO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20properties" title=" elastic properties"> elastic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20modulus" title=" bulk modulus"> bulk modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35323/a-comparison-for-some-elastic-and-mechanical-properties-of-neptunium-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1129</span> Tensile strength and Elastic Modulus of Nanocomposites Based on Polypropylene/Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faramarz%20Ashenai%20Ghasemi">Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Ghasemi"> Ismail Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Daneshpayeh"> Sajad Daneshpayeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, tensile strength and elastic modulus of nanocomposites based on polypropylene/ linear low density polyethylene/ nano titanium dioxide (PP/LLDPE/TiO2) were studied. The samples were produced using a co-rotating twin screw extruder including 0, 2, 4 Wt .% of nano particles, and 20, 40, 60 Wt.% of LLDPE. The styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) was used as comptabiliser. Tensile strength and elastic modulus were evaluated. The results showed that modulus was increased by 7% with addition of nano particles in comparison to PP/LLDPE. In addition, tensile strength was decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PP%2FLLDPE%2FTiO2" title="PP/LLDPE/TiO2">PP/LLDPE/TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title=" elastic modulus"> elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35267/tensile-strength-and-elastic-modulus-of-nanocomposites-based-on-polypropylenelinear-low-density-polyethylenetitanium-dioxide-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1128</span> Estimation of Subgrade Resilient Modulus from Soil Index Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdi%20M.%20E.%20Zumrawi">Magdi M. E. Zumrawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Awad"> Mohamed Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of Resilient Modulus (M<sub>R</sub>) is quite important for characterizing materials in pavement design and evaluation. The main focus of this study is to develop a correlation that predict the resilient modulus of subgrade soils from simple and easy measured soil index properties. To achieve this objective, three subgrade soils representing typical Khartoum soils were selected and tested in the laboratory for measuring resilient modulus. Other basic laboratory tests were conducted on the soils to determine their physical properties. Several soil samples were prepared and compacted at different moisture contents and dry densities and then tested using resilient modulus testing machine. Based on experimental results, linear relationship of M<sub>R</sub> with the consistency factor ‘F<sub>c</sub>’ which is a combination of dry density, void ratio and consistency index had been developed. The results revealed that very good linear relationship found between the M<sub>R</sub> and the consistency factor with a coefficient of linearity (R<sup>2</sup>) more than 0.9. The consistency factor could be used for the prediction of the M<sub>R</sub> of compacted subgrade soils with precise and reliable results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Consistency%20factor" title="Consistency factor">Consistency factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilient%20modulus" title=" resilient modulus"> resilient modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subgrade%20soil" title=" subgrade soil"> subgrade soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79877/estimation-of-subgrade-resilient-modulus-from-soil-index-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1127</span> Determination of Small Shear Modulus of Clayey Sand Using Bender Element Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sadeghzadegan">R. Sadeghzadegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Naeini"> S. A. Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirzaii"> A. Mirzaii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the results of a series of carefully conducted laboratory test program were represented to determine the small strain shear modulus of sand mixed with a range of kaolinite including zero to 30%. This was experimentally achieved using a triaxial cell equipped with bender element. Results indicate that small shear modulus tends to increase, while clay content decreases and effective confining pressure increases. The exponent of stress in the power model regression analysis was not sensitive to the amount of clay content for all sand clay mixtures, while coefficient A was directly affected by change in clay content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20shear%20modulus" title="small shear modulus">small shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bender%20element%20test" title=" bender element test"> bender element test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20fines" title=" plastic fines"> plastic fines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78616/determination-of-small-shear-modulus-of-clayey-sand-using-bender-element-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> Estimation of Elastic Modulus of Soil Surrounding Buried Pipeline Using Multi-Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Mog%20Choi">Won Mog Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Kyeong%20Hong"> Seong Kyeong Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Young%20Jeong"> Seok Young Jeong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stress on the buried pipeline under pavement is significantly affected by vehicle loads and elastic modulus of the soil surrounding the pipeline. The correct elastic modulus of soil has to be applied to the finite element model to investigate the effect of the vehicle loads on the buried pipeline using finite element analysis. The purpose of this study is to establish the approach to calculating the correct elastic modulus of soil using the optimization process. The optimal elastic modulus of soil, which minimizes the difference between the strain measured from vehicle driving test at the velocity of 35km/h and the strain calculated from finite element analyses, was calculated through the optimization process using multi-response surface methodology. Three elastic moduli of soil (road layer, original soil, dense sand) surrounding the pipeline were defined as the variables for the optimization. Further analyses with the optimal elastic modulus at the velocities of 4.27km/h, 15.47km/h, 24.18km/h were performed and compared to the test results to verify the applicability of multi-response surface methodology. The results indicated that the strain of the buried pipeline was mostly affected by the elastic modulus of original soil, followed by the dense sand and the load layer, as well as the results of further analyses with optimal elastic modulus of soil show good agreement with the test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title="pipeline">pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus%20of%20soil" title=" elastic modulus of soil"> elastic modulus of soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44795/estimation-of-elastic-modulus-of-soil-surrounding-buried-pipeline-using-multi-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Calcium Silicate Bricks – Ultrasonic Pulse Method: Effects of Natural Frequency of Transducers on Measurement Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Brozovsky">Jiri Brozovsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modulus of elasticity is one of the important parameters of construction materials, which considerably influence their deformation properties and which can also be determined by means of non-destructive test methods like ultrasonic pulse method. However, measurement results of ultrasonic pulse methods are influenced by various factors, one of which is the natural frequency of the transducers. The paper states knowledge about influence of natural frequency of the transducers (54; 82 and 150kHz) on ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity (Young's Dynamic modulus of elasticity). Differences between ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity were found with the same smallest dimension of test specimen in the direction of sounding and density their value decreases as the natural frequency of transducers grew. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20brick" title="calcium silicate brick">calcium silicate brick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20pulse%20method" title=" ultrasonic pulse method"> ultrasonic pulse method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20pulse%20velocity" title=" ultrasonic pulse velocity"> ultrasonic pulse velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" dynamic modulus of elasticity"> dynamic modulus of elasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12508/calcium-silicate-bricks-ultrasonic-pulse-method-effects-of-natural-frequency-of-transducers-on-measurement-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Formulating the Stochastic Finite Elements for Free Vibration Analysis of Plates with Variable Elastic Modulus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Aghamiri%20Esfahani">Mojtaba Aghamiri Esfahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Karkon"> Mohammad Karkon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Majid%20Hosseini%20Nezhad"> Seyed Majid Hosseini Nezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Hosseini-Ara"> Reza Hosseini-Ara </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of uncertainty in elastic modulus of a plate on free vibration response is investigated. For this purpose, the elastic modulus of the plate is modeled as stochastic variable with normal distribution. Moreover, the distance autocorrelation function is used for stochastic field. Then, by applying the finite element method and Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic finite element relations are extracted. Finally, with a numerical test, the effect of uncertainty in the elastic modulus on free vibration response of a plate is studied. The results show that the effect of uncertainty in elastic modulus of the plate cannot play an important role on the free vibration response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20finite%20elements" title="stochastic finite elements">stochastic finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20bending" title=" plate bending"> plate bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo" title=" Monte Carlo"> Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neumann%20expansion%20method." title=" Neumann expansion method. "> Neumann expansion method. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45285/formulating-the-stochastic-finite-elements-for-free-vibration-analysis-of-plates-with-variable-elastic-modulus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1123</span> The Elastic Field of a Nano-Pore, and the Effective Modulus of Composites with Nano-Pores</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Chen">Xin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moxiao%20Li"> Moxiao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuechao%20Sun"> Xuechao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Ti"> Fei Ti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaobao%20Liu"> Shaobao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Xu"> Feng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tian%20Jian%20Lu"> Tian Jian Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The composite materials with pores have the characteristics of light weight, sound insulation, and heat insulation, and have broad prospects in many fields, including aerospace. In general, the stiffness of such composite is less than the stiffness of the matrix material, limiting their applications. In this paper, we establish a theoretical model to analyze the deformation mechanism of a nano-pore. The interface between the pores and matrix material is described by the Gurtin-Murdoch model. By considering scale effect related with current deformation, we estimate the effective mechanical properties (e.g., effective shear modulus and bulk modulus) of a composite with nano-pores. Due to the scale effect, the elastic field in the composite was changed and local hardening was observed around the nano-pore, and the effective shear modulus and effective bulk modulus were found to be a function of the surface energy. The effective shear modulus increase with the surface energy and decrease with the size of the nano-pores, and the effective bulk modulus decrease with the surface energy and increase with the size of the nano-pores. These results have potential applications in the nanocomposite mechanics and aerospace field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20mechanics" title="composite mechanics">composite mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-inhomogeneity" title=" nano-inhomogeneity"> nano-inhomogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-pores" title=" nano-pores"> nano-pores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20effect" title=" scale effect"> scale effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109464/the-elastic-field-of-a-nano-pore-and-the-effective-modulus-of-composites-with-nano-pores" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1122</span> Young’s Modulus Variability: Influence on Masonry Vault Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmounaim%20Zanaz">Abdelmounaim Zanaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvie%20Yotte"> Sylvie Yotte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazia%20Fouchal"> Fazia Fouchal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Chateauneuf"> Alaa Chateauneuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a methodology for probabilistic assessment of bearing capacity and prediction of failure mechanism of masonry vaults at the ultimate state with consideration of the natural variability of Young’s modulus of stones. First, the computation model is explained. The failure mode is the most reported mode, i.e. the four-hinge mechanism. Based on this assumption, the study of a vault composed of 16 segments is presented. The Young’s modulus of the segments is considered as random variable defined by a mean value and a coefficient of variation CV. A relationship linking the vault bearing capacity to the modulus variation of voussoirs is proposed. The failure mechanisms, in addition to that observed in the deterministic case, are identified for each CV value as well as their probability of occurrence. The results show that the mechanism observed in the deterministic case has decreasing probability of occurrence in terms of CV, while the number of other mechanisms and their probability of occurrence increase with the coefficient of variation of Young’s modulus. This means that if a significant change in the Young modulus of the segments is proven, taken it into account in computations becomes mandatory, both for determining the vault bearing capacity and for predicting its failure mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry" title="masonry">masonry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title=" mechanism"> mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability" title=" probability"> probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variability" title=" variability"> variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vault" title=" vault"> vault</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31230/youngs-modulus-variability-influence-on-masonry-vault-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> Investigation of Extreme Gradient Boosting Model Prediction of Soil Strain-Shear Modulus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Mehryaar">Ehsan Mehryaar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Bushehri"> Reza Bushehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the principal parameters defining the clay soil dynamic response is the strain-shear modulus relation. Predicting the strain and, subsequently, shear modulus reduction of the soil is essential for performance analysis of structures exposed to earthquake and dynamic loadings. Many soil properties affect soil’s dynamic behavior. In order to capture those effects, in this study, a database containing 1193 data points consists of maximum shear modulus, strain, moisture content, initial void ratio, plastic limit, liquid limit, initial confining pressure resulting from dynamic laboratory testing of 21 clays is collected for predicting the shear modulus vs. strain curve of soil. A model based on an extreme gradient boosting technique is proposed. A tree-structured parzan estimator hyper-parameter tuning algorithm is utilized simultaneously to find the best hyper-parameters for the model. The performance of the model is compared to the existing empirical equations using the coefficient of correlation and root mean square error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XGBoost" title="XGBoost">XGBoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-parameter%20tuning" title=" hyper-parameter tuning"> hyper-parameter tuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20shear%20modulus" title=" soil shear modulus"> soil shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response" title=" dynamic response"> dynamic response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141477/investigation-of-extreme-gradient-boosting-model-prediction-of-soil-strain-shear-modulus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Numerical Modeling of Determination of in situ Rock Mass Deformation Modulus Using the Plate Load Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khodabakhshi">A. Khodabakhshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mortazavi"> A. Mortazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate determination of rock mass deformation modulus, as an important design parameter, is one of the most controversial issues in most engineering projects. A 3D numerical model of standard plate load test (PLT) using the FLAC3D code was carried to investigate the mechanism governing the test process. Five objectives were the focus of this study. The first goal was to employ 3D modeling in the interpretation of PLT conducted at the Bazoft dam site, Iran. The second objective was to investigate the effect of displacements measuring depth from the loading plates on the calculated moduli. The magnitude of rock mass deformation modulus calculated from PLT depends on anchor depth, and in practice, this may be a cause of error in the selection of realistic deformation modulus for the rock mass. The third goal of the study was to investigate the effect of testing plate diameter on the calculated modulus. Moreover, a comparison of the calculated modulus from ISRM formula, numerical modeling and calculated modulus from the actual PLT carried out at right abutment of the Bazoft dam site was another objective of the study. Finally, the effect of plastic strains on the calculated moduli in each of the loading-unloading cycles for three loading plates was investigated. The geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions on the constructed 3D model were selected based on the in-situ conditions of PLT at Bazoft dam site. A good agreement was achieved between numerical model results and the field tests results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20modulus" title="deformation modulus">deformation modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20model" title=" numerical model"> numerical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20loading%20test" title=" plate loading test"> plate loading test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mass" title=" rock mass"> rock mass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81800/numerical-modeling-of-determination-of-in-situ-rock-mass-deformation-modulus-using-the-plate-load-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Response of Pavement under Temperature and Vehicle Coupled Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zhong">Yang Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Jie%20Xu"> Mei-Jie Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To study the dynamic mechanics response of asphalt pavement under the temperature load and vehicle loading, asphalt pavement was regarded as multilayered elastic half-space system, and theory analysis was conducted by regarding dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture as the parameter. Firstly, based on the dynamic modulus test of asphalt mixture, function relationship between the dynamic modulus of representative asphalt mixture and temperature was obtained. In addition, the analytical solution for thermal stress in the single layer was derived by using Laplace integral transformation and Hankel integral transformation respectively by using thermal equations of equilibrium. The analytical solution of calculation model of thermal stress in asphalt pavement was derived by transfer matrix of thermal stress in multilayer elastic system. Finally, the variation of thermal stress in pavement structure was analyzed. The result shows that there is an obvious difference between the thermal stress based on dynamic modulus and the solution based on static modulus. Therefore, the dynamic change of parameter in asphalt mixture should be taken into consideration when the theoretical analysis is taken out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20pavement" title="asphalt pavement">asphalt pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modulus" title=" dynamic modulus"> dynamic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20transformation" title=" integral transformation"> integral transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20matrix" title=" transfer matrix"> transfer matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stress" title=" thermal stress"> thermal stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31808/response-of-pavement-under-temperature-and-vehicle-coupled-loading" class="btn btn-primary 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