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id="toc-Administrative_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Administrative history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Districts_within_the_borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts_within_the_borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Districts within the borough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts_within_the_borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greater_London_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_London_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Greater London representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_London_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>UK Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_religious_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_religious_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religion and religious sites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion_and_religious_sites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion and religious sites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_religious_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Places of worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_education_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_education_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Further education colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_education_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools_and_sixth_form_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_and_sixth_form_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Schools and sixth form colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_and_sixth_form_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volunteering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volunteering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Volunteering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volunteering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Leisure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leisure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leisure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks_in_Tower_Hamlets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_in_Tower_Hamlets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Parks in Tower Hamlets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_in_Tower_Hamlets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>List of stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_Borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Freedom of the Borough</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Freedom of the Borough subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Military units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">London Borough of Tower Hamlets</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3_(%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="حي تاور هامليتس (لندن) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حي تاور هامليتس (لندن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="تاور هملتس لندن منطقه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاور هملتس لندن منطقه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8" title="টাওয়ার হ্যামলেট্‌স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টাওয়ার হ্যামলেট্‌স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_(lond%C3%BDnsk%C3%BD_obvod)" title="Tower Hamlets (londýnský obvod) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tower Hamlets (londýnský obvod)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_(Bwrdeistref_Llundain)" title="Tower Hamlets (Bwrdeistref Llundain) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tower Hamlets (Bwrdeistref Llundain)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="منطقه تاور هملتس لندن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه تاور هملتس لندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_londonien_de_Tower_Hamlets" title="Borough londonien de Tower Hamlets – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Borough londonien de Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buirg_Londan_Tower_Hamlets" title="Buirg Londan Tower Hamlets – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Buirg Londan Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9B%8C%ED%96%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B8%A0%EA%B5%AC" title="타워햄리츠구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타워햄리츠구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="टावर हैमलट्स बरो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टावर हैमलट्स बरो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_(borgarhluti)" title="Tower Hamlets (borgarhluti) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tower Hamlets (borgarhluti)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A1" title="טאוור האמלטס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טאוור האמלטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauerhemletsa" title="Tauerhemletsa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tauerhemletsa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_ker%C3%BClet" title="Tower Hamlets kerület – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tower Hamlets kerület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E5%8C%BA" title="タワーハムレッツ区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タワーハムレッツ区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%B3_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ہیملٹس ٹاور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیملٹس ٹاور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Тауэр-Хамлетс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тауэр-Хамлетс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Тауэр Ҳамлетс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тауэр Ҳамлетс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Тауер-Гемлетс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тауер-Гемлетс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="لندن بورو ٹاور ہیملٹس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لندن بورو ٹاور ہیملٹس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" title="Tower Hamlets – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tower Hamlets" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A1" title="לאנדאנער בארא פון טאר האמלעטס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאנדאנער בארא פון טאר האמלעטס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9D%91%E5%8D%80" title="塔村區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塔村區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9D%91%E5%8D%80" title="塔村區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔村區" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208152#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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-0.050</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Borough in east London, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tower Hamlets" redirects here. For the historic liberty, see <a href="/wiki/Tower_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower division">Tower division</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tower Hamlets (disambiguation)">Tower Hamlets (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">London borough in United Kingdom</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tower Hamlets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_White_Tower,_Tower_of_London_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4215037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_White_Tower%2C_Tower_of_London_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4215037.jpg/85px-The_White_Tower%2C_Tower_of_London_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4215037.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_White_Tower%2C_Tower_of_London_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4215037.jpg/128px-The_White_Tower%2C_Tower_of_London_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4215037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_White_Tower%2C_Tower_of_London_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4215037.jpg/170px-The_White_Tower%2C_Tower_of_London_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4215037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_Bridge_(north_side_view).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tower_Bridge_%28north_side_view%29.jpg/149px-Tower_Bridge_%28north_side_view%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tower_Bridge_%28north_side_view%29.jpg/224px-Tower_Bridge_%28north_side_view%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tower_Bridge_%28north_side_view%29.jpg/298px-Tower_Bridge_%28north_side_view%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3285" data-file-height="2501" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_entrance_to_the_old_Spitalfields_Fruit_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2403534.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_entrance_to_the_old_Spitalfields_Fruit_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2403534.jpg/102px-The_entrance_to_the_old_Spitalfields_Fruit_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2403534.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_entrance_to_the_old_Spitalfields_Fruit_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2403534.jpg/153px-The_entrance_to_the_old_Spitalfields_Fruit_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2403534.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_entrance_to_the_old_Spitalfields_Fruit_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2403534.jpg/204px-The_entrance_to_the_old_Spitalfields_Fruit_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2403534.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canary_Wharf_from_Limehouse_London_June_2016_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Canary_Wharf_from_Limehouse_London_June_2016_HDR.jpg/132px-Canary_Wharf_from_Limehouse_London_June_2016_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Canary_Wharf_from_Limehouse_London_June_2016_HDR.jpg/198px-Canary_Wharf_from_Limehouse_London_June_2016_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Canary_Wharf_from_Limehouse_London_June_2016_HDR.jpg/264px-Canary_Wharf_from_Limehouse_London_June_2016_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapping,_marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3177973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Wapping%2C_marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3177973.jpg/117px-Wapping%2C_marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3177973.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Wapping%2C_marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3177973.jpg/176px-Wapping%2C_marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3177973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Wapping%2C_marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3177973.jpg/234px-Wapping%2C_marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3177973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_up_Whitechapel_Road_towards_Aldgate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3961752.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_up_Whitechapel_Road_towards_Aldgate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3961752.jpg/117px-View_up_Whitechapel_Road_towards_Aldgate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3961752.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_up_Whitechapel_Road_towards_Aldgate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3961752.jpg/176px-View_up_Whitechapel_Road_towards_Aldgate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3961752.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_up_Whitechapel_Road_towards_Aldgate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3961752.jpg/234px-View_up_Whitechapel_Road_towards_Aldgate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3961752.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>From the top left;</li><li>Top: <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/White_Tower_(Tower_of_London)" title="White Tower (Tower of London)">White Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li><li>Middle: <a href="/wiki/Old_Spitalfields_Market" title="Old Spitalfields Market">Spitalfields Market</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a></li><li>Bottom: <a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Docks" title="St Katharine Docks">St Katharine Docks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Road" title="Whitechapel Road">Whitechapel Road</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tower Hamlets"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tower Hamlets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lb_tower_hamlets.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Tower Hamlets"><img alt="Official logo of Tower Hamlets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Lb_tower_hamlets.svg/100px-Lb_tower_hamlets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Lb_tower_hamlets.svg/150px-Lb_tower_hamlets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Lb_tower_hamlets.svg/200px-Lb_tower_hamlets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="219" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Council logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">From Great Things to Greater</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_Hamlets_in_Greater_London.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tower Hamlets shown within Greater London"><img alt="Tower Hamlets shown within Greater London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tower_Hamlets_in_Greater_London.svg/250px-Tower_Hamlets_in_Greater_London.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tower_Hamlets_in_Greater_London.svg/375px-Tower_Hamlets_in_Greater_London.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tower_Hamlets_in_Greater_London.svg/500px-Tower_Hamlets_in_Greater_London.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Tower Hamlets shown within <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&params=51_31_N_0_03_W_region:GB-TWH_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°31′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°03′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.517°N 0.050°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.517; -0.050</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Country of the United Kingdom">Constituent country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1965</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admin HQ</th><td class="infobox-data">160 Whitechapel Rd, London E1 1BJ</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_borough_council" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough council">London borough council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets London Borough Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • London Assembly</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unmesh_Desai" title="Unmesh Desai">Unmesh Desai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>) AM for <a href="/wiki/City_and_East_(London_Assembly_constituency)" title="City and East (London Assembly constituency)">City and East</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rushanara_Ali" title="Rushanara Ali">Rushanara Ali</a> (Labour) <br /><a href="/wiki/Apsana_Begum" title="Apsana Begum">Apsana Begum</a> (Labour) <br /><a href="/wiki/Uma_Kumaran" title="Uma Kumaran">Uma Kumaran</a> (Labour)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7.63 sq mi (19.77 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">290th <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_area" title="List of English districts by area">(of 296)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">325,789</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">37th <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">(of 296)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">43,000/sq mi (16,000/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC±00:00">UTC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcodes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/E_postcode_area" title="E postcode area">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/EC_postcode_area" title="EC postcode area">EC</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">GB-TWH</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">00BG</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GSS_coding_system" title="GSS coding system">GSS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">E09000030</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/">www<wbr />.towerhamlets<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208152#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>London Borough of Tower Hamlets</b> is a <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">borough</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. Situated on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> and immediately east of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, the borough spans much of the traditional <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End of London</a> and includes much of the regenerated <a href="/wiki/London_Docklands" title="London Docklands">London Docklands</a> area. The 2019 mid-year population for the borough is estimated at 324,745. </p><p>The borough was formed in 1965 by merger of the former <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_boroughs_of_the_County_of_London" title="Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London">metropolitan boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stepney" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stepney">Stepney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Poplar" title="Metropolitan Borough of Poplar">Poplar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bethnal_Green" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a>. 'Tower Hamlets' was originally an alternative name for the historic <a href="/wiki/Tower_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower division">Tower Division</a>; the area of south-east <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, focused on (but not limited to) the area of the modern borough, which owed military service to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. The Tower of London itself is located in the borough, adjacent to its western boundary with the City of London. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local authority</a> is <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets London Borough Council</a>. In 2017, a joint study by <a href="/wiki/Trust_for_London" title="Trust for London">Trust for London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Policy_Institute" title="New Policy Institute">New Policy Institute</a> found Tower Hamlets to be the 2nd most deprived London borough (after <a href="/wiki/Barking_and_Dagenham" class="mw-redirect" title="Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a>) based on an average calculated across a range of indicators; with high rates of poverty, <a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">child poverty</a>, unemployment and pay inequality compared to other London boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it has the lowest gap for educational outcomes at secondary level.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the <a href="/wiki/Tallest_buildings_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallest buildings in London">tallest buildings in London</a> occupy <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a>, one of the country's largest financial districts, in the southeast of the borough. Between 2014 and 2024, Tower Hamlets saw the completion of 71 skyscrapers, more than any other London borough.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, part of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a> is in the borough. </p><p>Demographically, Tower Hamlets has a large population of <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshis" title="British Bangladeshis">British Bangladeshis</a>, forming the largest single ethnic group in the borough at 32%.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">2011 census</a> showed Tower Hamlets to have the highest proportion of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> of any English local authority and was the only location where <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islam in the United Kingdom">Muslims</a> outnumbered <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the United Kingdom">Christians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borough has more than 40 mosques, Islamic centres and <a href="/wiki/Madrasah" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasah">madrasahs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/East_London_Mosque" title="East London Mosque">East London Mosque</a>, Britain's largest.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane" title="Brick Lane">Brick Lane</a>'s restaurants, neighbouring street market and shops provide the largest range of <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi cuisine</a>, woodwork, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_textile_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh textile industry">carpets and clothes</a> in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censuskeyfacts_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censuskeyfacts-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brick Lane is also a major centre of <a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">hipster</a> subculture.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End of London</a>, of which Tower Hamlets is a main part.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Special:EditPage/London Borough of Tower Hamlets">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22">"London Borough of Tower Hamlets"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The earliest reference to the name "Tower Hamlets" was in 1554, when the Council of the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> ordered a muster of "men of the hamlets which owe their service to the tower". This covered a wider area than the present-day borough, and its military relationship with the Tower is thought to have been several centuries earlier than the 1554 record.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_of_London_viewed_from_the_River_Thames.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tower_of_London_viewed_from_the_River_Thames.jpg/220px-Tower_of_London_viewed_from_the_River_Thames.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tower_of_London_viewed_from_the_River_Thames.jpg/330px-Tower_of_London_viewed_from_the_River_Thames.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tower_of_London_viewed_from_the_River_Thames.jpg/440px-Tower_of_London_viewed_from_the_River_Thames.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3948" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> is in the borough, and the borough's name references the hamlets which owed military service to the castle authorities.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1605, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_of_the_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant of the Tower">Lieutenant of the Tower</a> was given the right to muster the militia and the area east of the tower came to be a distinct military unit, officially called <a href="/wiki/Tower_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower division">Tower Hamlets (or the Tower Division)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008923_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008923-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hamlets of the Tower paid taxes for the militia in 1646.<sup id="cite_ref-BHO_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The London Borough of Tower Hamlets forms the core of the East End. The population of the area grew enormously in the 19th century, leading to extreme overcrowding and a concentration of poor people and immigrants throughout the area.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These problems were exacerbated by the construction of <a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Docks" title="St Katharine Docks">St Katharine Docks</a> (1827)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a> railway termini (1840–1875) with many displaced people moving into the area following the <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">clearance of former slums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rookery_(slum)" title="Rookery (slum)">rookeries</a>. Over the course of a century, the East End became synonymous with poverty, overcrowding, disease and criminality.<sup id="cite_ref-palmer_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area was once characterised by rural settlements clustered around the City walls or along the main roads, surrounded by farmland, with marshes and small communities by the River, serving the needs of shipping and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>. Until the arrival of formal docks, shipping was required to land goods in the <a href="/wiki/Pool_of_London" title="Pool of London">Pool of London</a>, but industries related to construction, repair, and victualling of ships flourished in the area from <a href="/wiki/Tudor_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor era">Tudor times</a>. The area attracted large numbers of rural people looking for employment. Successive waves of foreign immigration began with <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> refugees creating a new extramural suburb in <a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields</a> in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Huguenot_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huguenot-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were followed by <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> weavers,<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irish-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jews_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jews-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladeshis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bangla_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bangla-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brick_Lane_in_Spitalfields_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3322741.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Brick_Lane_in_Spitalfields_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3322741.jpg/220px-Brick_Lane_in_Spitalfields_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3322741.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Brick_Lane_in_Spitalfields_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3322741.jpg/330px-Brick_Lane_in_Spitalfields_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3322741.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Brick_Lane_in_Spitalfields_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3322741.jpg/440px-Brick_Lane_in_Spitalfields_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3322741.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane" title="Brick Lane">Brick Lane</a> is known for being a significant centre of the <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">British Bangladeshi</a> community</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of these immigrants worked in the clothing industry. The abundance of semi- and unskilled labour led to low wages and poor conditions throughout the East End. This brought the attentions of social reformers during the mid-18th century and led to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unions</a> and workers associations at the end of the century. The radicalism of the East End contributed to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> and demands for the <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">enfranchisement of women</a>. </p><p>Official attempts to address the overcrowded housing began at the beginning of the 20th century under the <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a>. Aerial bombing in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> devastated much of the East End, with its docks, railways and industry forming a continual target. In the separate boroughs making up today's Tower Hamlets a total of 2,221 civilians were killed and 7,472 were injured, with 46,482 houses destroyed and 47,574 damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to some dispersal of the population to outlying suburbs. New housing was built in the 1950s for those that remained.<sup id="cite_ref-palmer_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The closure of the last of the East End docks in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_London" title="Port of London">Port of London</a> in 1980 created further challenges and led to attempts at regeneration and the formation of the <a href="/wiki/London_Docklands_Development_Corporation" title="London Docklands Development Corporation">London Docklands Development Corporation</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a> development, improved infrastructure, and the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mean that the East End is undergoing further change, but some of its districts continue to see some of the worst poverty in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Hammett_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammett-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area of the modern borough had historically been part of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">hundred</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ossulstone" title="Ossulstone">Ossulstone</a> in county of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>. Ossulstone was subsequently divided into four divisions, one of which was the <a href="/wiki/Tower_Division" title="Tower Division">Tower Division</a>, also known as the Tower Hamlets, which covered a larger area than the modern borough, also including parts of <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a>. From at least the 17th century the Tower Division was a <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(division)" title="Liberty (division)">liberty</a> with judicial and administrative independence from the rest of the county. The liberty appears to have arisen from much older obligations on inhabitants of the area to provide military service to the <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_the_Tower_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Constable of the Tower of London">Constable of the Tower of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1856 the area was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a>, which was established to provide services across the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a> of London.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a>. From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various <a href="/wiki/List_of_London_vestries_and_district_boards" title="List of London vestries and district boards">parish vestries and district boards</a>. In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_boroughs_of_the_County_of_London" title="Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London">metropolitan boroughs</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bethnal_Green" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green">Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Poplar" title="Metropolitan Borough of Poplar">Metropolitan Borough of Poplar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stepney" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stepney">Metropolitan Borough of Stepney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Youngs_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Youngs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern borough was created in 1965 under the <a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a>. It was a merger of the old boroughs of Bethnal Green, Poplar and Stepney, and was named Tower Hamlets after the historic liberty.<sup id="cite_ref-Youngs_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Youngs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Special:EditPage/London Borough of Tower Hamlets">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22">"London Borough of Tower Hamlets"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canary_Wharf_Skyline_2,_London_UK_-_Oct_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Canary_Wharf_Skyline_2%2C_London_UK_-_Oct_2012.jpg/260px-Canary_Wharf_Skyline_2%2C_London_UK_-_Oct_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Canary_Wharf_Skyline_2%2C_London_UK_-_Oct_2012.jpg/390px-Canary_Wharf_Skyline_2%2C_London_UK_-_Oct_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Canary_Wharf_Skyline_2%2C_London_UK_-_Oct_2012.jpg/520px-Canary_Wharf_Skyline_2%2C_London_UK_-_Oct_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5064" data-file-height="3463" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a>, world headquarters of numerous major banks and professional services firms</figcaption></figure> <p>Tower Hamlets is in East London, north of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>. The <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> lies to the west, the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">London Borough of Hackney</a> to the north, while the <a href="/wiki/River_Lea" title="River Lea">River Lea</a> forms the boundary with the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">London Borough of Newham</a> to the east. The River Lea also forms the boundary between the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>. The borough's Thames frontage extends from the <a href="/wiki/Tower_Dock" title="Tower Dock">Tower Dock</a> inlet,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> immediately west of the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, through several miles of former docklands, including the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs" title="Isle of Dogs">Isle of Dogs</a> peninsula, to the confluence of the Thames and Lea at <a href="/wiki/Blackwall,_London" title="Blackwall, London">Blackwall</a>. Areas along the Thames and Lea flood plains were historically frequently flooded, but the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a>, further east, has reduced that risk. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Canal" title="Regent's Canal">Regent's Canal</a> enters the borough from Hackney to meet the River Thames at <a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Basin" title="Limehouse Basin">Limehouse Basin</a>. A stretch of the <a href="/wiki/Hertford_Union_Canal" title="Hertford Union Canal">Hertford Union Canal</a> leads from the Regent's canal, at a basin in the north of <a href="/wiki/Mile_End" title="Mile End">Mile End</a>, to join the River Lea at <a href="/wiki/Old_Ford" title="Old Ford">Old Ford</a>. A further canal, <a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Cut" title="Limehouse Cut">Limehouse Cut</a>, London's oldest, leads from locks at <a href="/wiki/Bromley-by-Bow" title="Bromley-by-Bow">Bromley-by-Bow</a> to Limehouse Basin. Most of the canal tow-paths are open to both pedestrians and cyclists. </p><p>The borough includes open spaces such as <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Memorial_Park" title="King Edward Memorial Park">King Edward Memorial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Park" title="Mile End Park">Mile End Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Island_Gardens" title="Island Gardens">Island Gardens</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_Hamlets_London_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tower_Hamlets_London_UK_location_map.svg/310px-Tower_Hamlets_London_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tower_Hamlets_London_UK_location_map.svg/465px-Tower_Hamlets_London_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tower_Hamlets_London_UK_location_map.svg/620px-Tower_Hamlets_London_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Areas, transport, & landmarks<br />in the Borough of Tower Hamlets</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts_within_the_borough">Districts within the borough</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Districts within the borough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areas within the borough include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green" title="Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwall,_London" title="Blackwall, London">Blackwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley-by-Bow" title="Bromley-by-Bow">Bromley-by-Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Smithfield" title="East Smithfield">East Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Island,_London" title="Fish Island, London">Fish Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs" title="Isle of Dogs">Isle of Dogs</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_End" title="Mile End">Mile End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar,_London" title="Poplar, London">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratcliff" title="Ratcliff">Ratcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadwell" title="Shadwell">Shadwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_in_the_East_(parish)" title="St George in the East (parish)">St George in the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Docks" title="St Katharine Docks">St Katharine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney" title="Stepney">Stepney</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Liberties_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Liberties of the Tower of London">Tower Liberty</a>, taking in <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapping" title="Wapping">Wapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canary.wharf.from.thames.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Canary.wharf.from.thames.arp.jpg/220px-Canary.wharf.from.thames.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Canary.wharf.from.thames.arp.jpg/330px-Canary.wharf.from.thames.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Canary.wharf.from.thames.arp.jpg/440px-Canary.wharf.from.thames.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="1638" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a>, seen from a high-level walkway on <a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane" title="Brick Lane">Brick Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Street" title="Cable Street">Cable Street</a> - site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawksmoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawksmoor">Hawksmoor</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Spitalfields" title="Christ Church, Spitalfields">Christ Church, Spitalfields</a></li> <li>Site of two historic <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_East_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Park, East London">Victoria Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Road,_London" title="Roman Road, London">Roman Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Road_Flower_Market" title="Columbia Road Flower Market">Columbia Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Baths" title="Poplar Baths">Poplar Baths</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to the proposed Chinese embassy move) need to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a> complex within <a href="/wiki/London_Docklands" title="London Docklands">Docklands</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs" title="Isle of Dogs">Isle of Dogs</a> forms a group of some of the tallest buildings in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a> was the first to be constructed and is the third tallest in London. Nearby are the <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Tower,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="HSBC Tower, London">HSBC Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Centre,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Citigroup Centre, London">Citigroup Centres</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_Churchill_Place" title="One Churchill Place">One Churchill Place</a>, headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclays Bank">Barclays Bank</a>. Within the same complex are the <a href="/wiki/Heron_Quays" title="Heron Quays">Heron Quays</a> offices. </p><p>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a>, developed for the <a href="/wiki/London_2012_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="London 2012 Olympics">London 2012 Olympics</a>, lies within the borders of Tower Hamlets. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_China_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of China in London">Embassy of China in London</a> will move into the former <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint_Court" title="Royal Mint Court">Royal Mint building</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Smithfield" title="East Smithfield">East Smithfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets London Borough Council</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall_2023_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall_2023_%281%29.jpg/220px-Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall_2023_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall_2023_%281%29.jpg/330px-Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall_2023_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall_2023_%281%29.jpg/440px-Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall_2023_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5029" data-file-height="3105" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall" title="Tower Hamlets Town Hall">Tower Hamlets Town Hall</a>, 160 Whitechapel Road</figcaption></figure> <p>The local authority is Tower Hamlets Council, based at <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_Town_Hall" title="Tower Hamlets Town Hall">Tower Hamlets Town Hall</a> on <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Road" title="Whitechapel Road">Whitechapel Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2010 the council has been led by the directly elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Mayor of Tower Hamlets">Mayor of Tower Hamlets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SunTel_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SunTel-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greater_London_representation">Greater London representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Greater London representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2000, the borough lies within the <a href="/wiki/City_and_East_(London_Assembly_constituency)" title="City and East (London Assembly constituency)">City and East</a> constituency, <a href="/wiki/List_of_London_Assembly_constituencies" title="List of London Assembly constituencies">one of fourteen constituencies</a> which make up the <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>, and is represented by <a href="/wiki/Unmesh_Desai" title="Unmesh Desai">Unmesh Desai</a> of the Labour Party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_Parliament">UK Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: UK Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a>, the borough was split into two <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Parliament_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies">constituencies</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_and_Bow_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bethnal Green and Bow (UK Parliament constituency)">Bethnal Green & Bow</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Rushanara_Ali" title="Rushanara Ali">Rushanara Ali</a> (Labour).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_and_Limehouse_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Poplar and Limehouse (UK Parliament constituency)">Poplar & Limehouse</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Apsana_Begum" title="Apsana Begum">Apsana Begum</a> (Labour).</li></ul> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/2023_Periodic_Review_of_Westminster_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies">2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies</a>, the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">general election</a> saw Tower Hamlets elect MPs in three constituencies. These are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_and_Bow_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stratford and Bow (UK Parliament constituency)">Stratford and Bow</a> (partly in Newham as well as Tower Hamlets), represented by <a href="/wiki/Uma_Kumaran" title="Uma Kumaran">Uma Kumaran</a> (Labour).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_and_Stepney_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bethnal Green and Stepney (UK Parliament constituency)">Bethnal Green and Stepney</a>, represented by Rushanara Ali.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_and_Limehouse_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Poplar and Limehouse (UK Parliament constituency)">Poplar and Limehouse</a> (under amended boundaries), represented by Apsana Begum.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The data below were taken between 1971 and 2000 at the weather station in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, around 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the borough's former town hall, at <a href="/wiki/Mulberry_Place" title="Mulberry Place">Mulberry Place</a>: </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greenwich_weatherbox" title="Template:Greenwich weatherbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greenwich_weatherbox" title="Template talk:Greenwich weatherbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greenwich_weatherbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greenwich weatherbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich Park</a>, elevation: 47 m (154 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–2004</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.7<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.4<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.5<br />(13.1) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12.7<br />(9.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.9<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.3<br />(1.94) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(1.43) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0<br />(2.09) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.4<br />(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.3<br />(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9<br />(2.36) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.7<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">562.9<br />(22.16) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #515151; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.4 </td> <td style="background: #848484; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.1 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.7 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.9 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.7 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.2 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.6 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.7 </td> <td style="background: #6E6E6E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.5 </td> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.1 </td> <td style="background: #BABA45; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,526.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Averages_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_Hamlets_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tower_Hamlets_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Tower_Hamlets_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tower_Hamlets_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Tower_Hamlets_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tower_Hamlets_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Tower_Hamlets_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2743" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid of the Borough of Tower Hamlets in 2021</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population census</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1801 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">130,871</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1811 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">160,718</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">195,941</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">231,534</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">275,250</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">330,548</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">410,101</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">489,653</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">569,205</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">584,936</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">578,143</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">571,438</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">529,114</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">489,956</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">337,774</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−31.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">232,860</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−31.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">195,883</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−15.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">164,699</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−15.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">139,989</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−15.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">167,985</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+20.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">196,121</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">254,096</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">310,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Note:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>By 1891, Tower Hamlets – roughly the ancient <a href="/wiki/Stepney_(parish)" title="Stepney (parish)">civil parish of Stepney</a> – was already one of the most populated areas in London. Throughout the nineteenth century, the local population increased by an average of 20% every ten years. The building of the docks intensified land use and caused the last marshy areas in the south of the parish to be drained for housing and industry. In the north of the borough, employment was principally in weaving, small household industries like boot and furniture making and new industrial enterprises like <a href="/wiki/Bryant_and_May" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryant and May">Bryant and May</a>. The availability of cheap labour drew in many employers. To the south, employment was in the docks and related industries – such as <a href="/wiki/Ship_chandler" title="Ship chandler">chandlery</a> and rope making. </p><p>By the middle of the nineteenth century, the district now recognised as Tower Hamlets was characterised by overcrowding and poverty. The construction of the railways caused many more displaced people to settle in the area, and a massive influx of Eastern European <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jews</a> at the latter part of the nineteenth century added to the population growth. This migration peaked at the end of that century and <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a> entered a long decline through to the 1960s, as people moved away eastwards to newer suburbs of London and <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>. The area's population had neared 600,000 around the end of the nineteenth century, but fell to a low of less than 140,000 by the early 1980s. </p><p>The metropolitan boroughs suffered very badly during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, during which considerable numbers of houses were destroyed or damaged beyond use due to <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">heavy aerial bombing</a>. This coincided with a decline in work in the docks, and the closure of many traditional industries. The <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Abercrombie" title="Patrick Abercrombie">Abercrombie Plan for London</a> (1944) began an exodus from London towards the <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">new towns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This decline began to reverse with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/London_Docklands_Development_Corporation" title="London Docklands Development Corporation">London Docklands Development Corporation</a> bringing new industries and housing to the brownfield sites along the river. Also contributing was new immigration from Asia beginning in the 1970s. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">2001 UK Census</a> the population of the borough is approximately 196,106. According to the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a> estimate, the population is 237,900, as of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-10est_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10est-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crime in the borough increased by 3.5% from 2009 to 2010, according to figures from the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having decreased by 24% between 2003/04 and 2007/08.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tower Hamlets has one of the smallest <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a> populations of any local authority in the United Kingdom. No ethnic group forms a majority of the population; a plurality of residents are white (45%), a little over two thirds of whom are White British. 32% of residents are <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a>, which is the largest ethnic minority group in the borough, with Asians as a whole forming 41% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-census11_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census11-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A smaller proportion are of Black African and Caribbean descent (7%),<sup id="cite_ref-census11_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census11-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Somalis in the United Kingdom">Somalis</a> representing the second-largest minority ethnic group.<sup id="cite_ref-LBTH_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBTH-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those of mixed ethnic backgrounds form 4%, while other ethnic groups form 2%.<sup id="cite_ref-census11_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census11-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LBTH_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBTH-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The White British proportion was recorded as 31.2% in the 2011 UK Census, a decrease from 42.9% in 2001. </p><p>In 2018, Tower Hamlets had the lowest life expectancy and the highest rate of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">heart disease</a> of all London boroughs, along with <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 census</a> found that the borough has one of the lowest proportions of population over the age of 65 or older in England and Wales, at 5.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_ages_in_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ethnic_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_ages_in_2021.svg/220px-Ethnic_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_ages_in_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ethnic_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_ages_in_2021.svg/330px-Ethnic_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_ages_in_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ethnic_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_ages_in_2021.svg/440px-Ethnic_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_ages_in_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3467" data-file-height="2303" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic makeup of Tower Hamlets by single year ages in 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_demography_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets_over_time.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ethnic_demography_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets_over_time.gif/220px-Ethnic_demography_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets_over_time.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ethnic_demography_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets_over_time.gif/330px-Ethnic_demography_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets_over_time.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ethnic_demography_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets_over_time.gif/440px-Ethnic_demography_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets_over_time.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic demography of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets over time</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Ethnic Group </th> <th colspan="14">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1966 estimations<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1971 estimations<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1981 estimations<sup id="cite_ref-:02_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1991 census<sup id="cite_ref-:02_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001 census<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-:36_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:36-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021 census<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>95.7% </th> <th>– </th> <th>91.4% </th> <th>108,776 </th> <th>76.2% </th> <th>107,481 </th> <th>63.9%</th> <th>100,799</th> <th>51%</th> <th>114,819</th> <th>45% </th> <th>122,266 </th> <th>39.3% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>84,151</td> <td>43%</td> <td>79,231</td> <td>31% </td> <td>71,177 </td> <td>22.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/White_Irish" title="White Irish">Irish</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>3,823</td> <td>2%</td> <td>3,863</td> <td>2% </td> <td>3,567 </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/White_Gypsy_or_Irish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="White Gypsy or Irish Traveller">Gypsy or Irish Traveller</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>175</td> <td>0% </td> <td>110 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,225 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">White: <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>12,825</td> <td>7%</td> <td>31,550</td> <td>12% </td> <td>45,187 </td> <td>14.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian or Asian British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>2.3% </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>23,234 </th> <th>16.3% </th> <th>46,084 </th> <th>27.4%</th> <th>75,380</th> <th>38%</th> <th>104,501</th> <th>41% </th> <th>137,856 </th> <th>44.5% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">Indian</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,378 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,730 </td> <td></td> <td>3,001</td> <td>2%</td> <td>6,787</td> <td>3% </td> <td>10,135 </td> <td>3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>990 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,239 </td> <td></td> <td>1,486</td> <td>1%</td> <td>2,442</td> <td>1% </td> <td>3,341 </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshis" title="British Bangladeshis">Bangladeshi</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>18,888 </td> <td>13.2% </td> <td>39,429 </td> <td>23.5%</td> <td>65,553</td> <td>33%</td> <td>81,377</td> <td>32% </td> <td>107,333 </td> <td>34.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,056 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,825 </td> <td></td> <td>3,573</td> <td>2%</td> <td>8,109</td> <td>3% </td> <td>10,279 </td> <td>3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Asian or Asian British: Other Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>922 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,861 </td> <td></td> <td>1,767</td> <td>1%</td> <td>5,786</td> <td>2% </td> <td>6,768 </td> <td>2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black or Black British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>2% </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>9,011 </th> <th>6.3% </th> <th>11,940 </th> <th>7.1%</th> <th>12,742</th> <th>6%</th> <th>18,629</th> <th>7% </th> <th>22,693 </th> <th>7.4% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">African</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,363 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,969 </td> <td></td> <td>6,596</td> <td>3%</td> <td>9,495</td> <td>4% </td> <td>15,373 </td> <td>5.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>1.8% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,270 </td> <td> </td> <td>6,055 </td> <td></td> <td>5,225</td> <td>3%</td> <td>5,341</td> <td>2% </td> <td>4,930 </td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">Other Black</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,378 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,916 </td> <td></td> <td>921</td> <td>0%</td> <td>3,793</td> <td>1% </td> <td>2,390 </td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed or British Mixed</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>–</th> <th>4,873</th> <th>2%</th> <th>10,360</th> <th>4% </th> <th>15,409 </th> <th>5% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: White and Black Caribbean </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>1,568</td> <td>1%</td> <td>2,837</td> <td>1% </td> <td>3,593 </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: White and Black African </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>789</td> <td>0%</td> <td>1,509</td> <td>1% </td> <td>2,236 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: White and Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>1,348</td> <td>1%</td> <td>2,961</td> <td>1% </td> <td>4,374 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mixed: Other Mixed </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>1,168</td> <td>1%</td> <td>3,053</td> <td>1% </td> <td>5,206 </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Other: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>1,702 </th> <th> </th> <th>2,584 </th> <th></th> <th>2,312</th> <th>1%</th> <th>5,787</th> <th>3% </th> <th>12,082, </th> <th>3.9% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Other: Arab </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2,573</td> <td>1% </td> <td>3,588 </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Other: Any other ethnic group </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–</td> <td>2,312</td> <td>1%</td> <td>3,214</td> <td>1% </td> <td>8,494 </td> <td>2.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Ethnic minority: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>4.3% </th> <th>– </th> <th>8.6% </th> <th>33,947 </th> <th>23.8% </th> <th>60,608 </th> <th>36%</th> <th>95,307</th> <th>49%</th> <th>139,277</th> <th>55% </th> <th>188,040 </th> <th>60.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>100% </th> <th>– </th> <th>100% </th> <th>142,723 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>168,089 </th> <th>100%</th> <th>196,106</th> <th>100.00%</th> <th>254,096</th> <th>100.00% </th> <th>310,306 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_and_religious_sites">Religion and religious sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion and religious sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_age_groups_in_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Religious_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_age_groups_in_2021.svg/220px-Religious_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_age_groups_in_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Religious_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_age_groups_in_2021.svg/330px-Religious_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_age_groups_in_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Religious_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_age_groups_in_2021.svg/440px-Religious_makeup_of_Tower_Hamlets_by_single_year_age_groups_in_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3195" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption>Religious makeup of Tower Hamlets by single year age groups in 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Church_exterior,_Spitalfields,_London,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Christ_Church_exterior%2C_Spitalfields%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/170px-Christ_Church_exterior%2C_Spitalfields%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Christ_Church_exterior%2C_Spitalfields%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/255px-Christ_Church_exterior%2C_Spitalfields%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Christ_Church_exterior%2C_Spitalfields%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/340px-Christ_Church_exterior%2C_Spitalfields%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="6447" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Spitalfields" title="Christ Church, Spitalfields">Christ Church of Spitalfields</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_London_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/East_London_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-East_London_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/East_London_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-East_London_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/East_London_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-East_London_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/East_London_Mosque" title="East London Mosque">East London Mosque</a>, Whitechapel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LondonBuddhistCentre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LondonBuddhistCentre.jpg/220px-LondonBuddhistCentre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LondonBuddhistCentre.jpg/330px-LondonBuddhistCentre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LondonBuddhistCentre.jpg/440px-LondonBuddhistCentre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/London_Buddhist_Centre" title="London Buddhist Centre">London Buddhist Centre</a>, Bethnal Green</figcaption></figure> <p>Tower Hamlets is a religious diverse borough with various <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">places of worship</a>. According to the 2021 census, 39.9% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a>, 22.3% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, 2.0% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a>, 0.5% followed some other religion, 26.6% were not affiliated to a religion and 6.9% did not state their religious views.<sup id="cite_ref-Home_-_Office_for_National_Statistics_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Home_-_Office_for_National_Statistics-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Tower Hamlets according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2">1995 estimates<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001 census<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021 census<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Holds religious beliefs </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>153,692 </th> <th>78.4 </th> <th>166,359 </th> <th>65.5 </th> <th>206,347 </th> <th>66.5 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td align="right">71,389 </td> <td align="right">36.4 </td> <td align="right">87,696 </td> <td align="right">34.5 </td> <td align="right">123,912 </td> <td align="right">39.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td align="right">75,783 </td> <td align="right">38.6 </td> <td align="right">68,808 </td> <td align="right">27.1 </td> <td align="right">69,223 </td> <td align="right">22.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td align="right">1,544 </td> <td align="right">0.8 </td> <td align="right">4,200 </td> <td align="right">1.7 </td> <td align="right">6,298 </td> <td align="right">2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td align="right">1,938 </td> <td align="right">1.0 </td> <td align="right">2,726 </td> <td align="right">1.1 </td> <td align="right">2,961 </td> <td align="right">1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> </td> <td>6,000 </td> <td>3.7% </td> <td align="right">1,831 </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td> <td align="right">1,283 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td align="right">1,341 </td> <td align="right">0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td align="right">682 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right">821 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right">966 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td align="right">525 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right">825 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right">1,652 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>No religion </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th align="right">27,823 </th> <th align="right">14.2 </th> <th align="right">48,648 </th> <th align="right">19.1 </th> <th align="right">82,635 </th> <th align="right">26.6 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Religion not stated </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th align="right">14,591 </th> <th align="right">7.4 </th> <th align="right">39,089 </th> <th align="right">15.4 </th> <th align="right">21,318 </th> <th align="right">6.9 </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>– </th> <th>100% </th> <th align="right">196,106 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right">254,096 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right">310,300 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Places of worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 21 active churches, affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Spitalfields" title="Christ Church, Spitalfields">Christ Church of Spitalfields</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Shadwell" title="St Paul's Church, Shadwell">St Paul's Church of Shadwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan%27s,_Stepney" title="St Dunstan's, Stepney">St Dunstan's of Stepney</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there are also churches of many other Christian denominations. </p><p>There are more than 40 mosques and Islamic centres in Tower Hamlets.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous is the <a href="/wiki/East_London_Mosque" title="East London Mosque">East London Mosque</a>, one of the first mosques in Britain allowed to broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">adhan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the biggest Islamic centres in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. The Maryam Centre, a part of the mosque, is the biggest Islamic centre for women in Europe. Opened in 2013, it features a main prayer hall, ameliorated funeral services, education facilities, a fitness centre and support services.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The East London Mosque has been visited by several notable people, including <a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Charles">Prince Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>, many foreign government officials and world-renowned imams and Muslim scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-charles_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charles-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable mosques are <a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane_Mosque" title="Brick Lane Mosque">Brick Lane Mosque</a>, Darul Ummah Masjid, Esha Atul Islam Mosque, Markazi Masjid, Stepney Shahjalal Mosque and Poplar Central Mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other notable religious buildings include the <a href="/wiki/Fieldgate_Street_Great_Synagogue" title="Fieldgate Street Great Synagogue">Fieldgate Street Great Synagogue</a>, the Congregation of Jacob Synagogue, the <a href="/wiki/London_Buddhist_Centre" title="London Buddhist Centre">London Buddhist Centre</a>, the Hindu Pragati Sangha Temple, and the Gurdwara Sikh Sangat. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_London" title="Great Synagogue of London">Great Synagogue of London</a>, which was destroyed during the Second World War, is located just outside the borough's boundaries, in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_MMB_S6_Canary_Wharf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/London_MMB_S6_Canary_Wharf.jpg/170px-London_MMB_S6_Canary_Wharf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/London_MMB_S6_Canary_Wharf.jpg/255px-London_MMB_S6_Canary_Wharf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/London_MMB_S6_Canary_Wharf.jpg/340px-London_MMB_S6_Canary_Wharf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="4117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Europe" title="List of tallest buildings in Europe">15th-tallest building in Europe</a> and currently the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of tallest buildings in the United Kingdom">second tallest completed building in the United Kingdom</a>, the tallest being <a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitechapel_market.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Whitechapel_market.JPG/220px-Whitechapel_market.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Whitechapel_market.JPG/330px-Whitechapel_market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Whitechapel_market.JPG/440px-Whitechapel_market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1612" data-file-height="1124" /></a><figcaption>The market area in <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The borough hosts the world headquarters of many global financial businesses, employing some of the highest paid workers in London, but also has high rates of long-term illness and premature death and the 2nd highest unemployment rate in London.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a> is home to the many of the world and European headquarters of numerous major banks and professional services firms including <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Chance" title="Clifford Chance">Clifford Chance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitch_Ratings" title="Fitch Ratings">Fitch Ratings</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan & Co">J.P. Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a>, <a href="/wiki/MetLife" title="MetLife">MetLife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">RBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skadden,_Arps,_Slate,_Meagher_%26_Flom" title="Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom">Skadden</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Street_Corporation" title="State Street Corporation">State Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Savills" title="Savills">Savills</a>, a top-end estate agency recommends that 'extreme luxury' and ultra-modern residential properties are to be found at Canary Riverside, West India Quay, Pan Peninsula and Neo Bankside. Tower Hamlets is the earliest borough where the first skyscrapers were built and since 2014 it saw the completion of over seventy skyscrapers, more than any other place in the UK <sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/End_Child_Poverty_coalition" title="End Child Poverty coalition">End Child Poverty coalition</a> published that Tower Hamlets has the highest proportion of children in poverty of any local authority in the UK at 49% (and as high as 54.5% in the Bethnal Green South ward).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surveys and interviews conducted by the Child Poverty Action group for the council found that the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Credit" title="Universal Credit">Universal Credit</a> system was deeply unpopular with low-income families in the borough and that most claimants who have used the system found it difficult to understand and experienced frequent payment errors.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/East_London_Advertiser" class="mw-redirect" title="East London Advertiser">East London Advertiser</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Streets" title="Social Streets">Social Streets</a></i> provide local news in print and online. There are also several <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> print and online newspapers published in the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of schools in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">List of schools in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QMUL-Blizard-building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/QMUL-Blizard-building.jpg/220px-QMUL-Blizard-building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/QMUL-Blizard-building.jpg/330px-QMUL-Blizard-building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/QMUL-Blizard-building.jpg/440px-QMUL-Blizard-building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Blizard_Building" title="Blizard Building">Blizard Building</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a>, housing the Institute of Cell and Molecular Sciences</figcaption></figure> <p>The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is the <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">local education authority</a> for state schools within the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2008, there were 19,890 primary-school pupils and 15,262 secondary-school pupils attending state schools there.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">Private-school</a> pupils account for 2.4 per cent of schoolchildren in the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, 51.8 per cent of pupils achieved 5 A*–C <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSEs</a> including Mathematics and English – the highest results in the borough's history – compared to the national average of 53.4 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seventy-four per cent achieved 5 A*–C GCSEs for all subjects (the same as the English average);<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the figure in 1997 was 26 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percentage of pupils on <a href="/wiki/Free_school_meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Free school meal">free school meals</a> in the borough is the highest in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the council rejected proposals to build a <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schools in the borough have high levels of <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> reported in 2006 that 47 per cent of secondary schools were exclusively non-white, and that 33 per cent had a white majority.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 60 per cent of pupils entering primary and secondary school are Bangladeshi.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 78% of primary-school pupils speak <a href="/wiki/English_as_a_foreign_or_second_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English as a foreign or second language">English as a second language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idea_store_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Idea_store_4.jpg/170px-Idea_store_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Idea_store_4.jpg/255px-Idea_store_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Idea_store_4.jpg/340px-Idea_store_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Whitechapel Idea Store (library)</figcaption></figure> <p>The council runs several <a href="/wiki/Idea_Store" title="Idea Store">Idea Stores</a> in the borough, which combine traditional library and computer services with other resources, and are designed to attract more diverse members.<sup id="cite_ref-SchnappBattles2014_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchnappBattles2014-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flagship <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Idea_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitechapel Idea Store">Whitechapel store</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/David_Adjaye" title="David Adjaye">David Adjaye</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cost £16 million to build.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a>, a constituent college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Barts_and_The_London,_Queen_Mary%27s_School_of_Medicine_and_Dentistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry">Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Metropolitan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCL_School_of_Management" title="UCL School of Management">UCL School of Management</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Interdisciplinary_School" title="London Interdisciplinary School">The London Interdisciplinary School</a>, located on <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Road" title="Whitechapel Road">Whitechapel Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University - London</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Docks" title="St Katharine Docks">St, Katherines docks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_education_colleges">Further education colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further education colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Hamlets College">Tower Hamlets College</a>, which in 2017 merged with <a href="/wiki/Hackney_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Hackney College">Hackney Community College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Redbridge_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Redbridge College">Redbridge College</a> to form New City College, the second largest college in London with over 20,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_and_sixth_form_colleges">Schools and sixth form colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Schools and sixth form colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Challoner_Catholic_School" title="Bishop Challoner Catholic School">Bishop Challoner Catholic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_School" title="Bow School">Bow School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foundation_Girls%27_School" title="Central Foundation Girls' School">Central Foundation Girls' School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Green%27s_School" title="George Green's School">George Green's School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim College (page does not exist)">Ibrahim College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamiatul_Ummah_School_and_Sixth_Form&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamiatul Ummah School and Sixth Form (page does not exist)">Jamiatul Ummah School and Sixth Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Park_School" title="Langdon Park School">Langdon Park School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansbury_Lawrence_School" title="Lansbury Lawrence School">Lansbury Lawrence School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_East_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London East Academy (page does not exist)">London East Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_London_Mosque" title="East London Mosque">East London Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Enterprise_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Enterprise Academy (page does not exist)">London Enterprise Academy</a></li> <li>Mazahirul uloom London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morpeth_School" title="Morpeth School">Morpeth School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_Academy_Shoreditch" title="Mulberry Academy Shoreditch">Mulberry Academy Shoreditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_School_for_Girls" title="Mulberry School for Girls">Mulberry School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaklands_School" title="Oaklands School">Oaklands School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Way_Trust_School" title="St Paul's Way Trust School">St Paul's Way Trust School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney_All_Saints_School" title="Stepney All Saints School">Stepney All Saints School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney_Green_Maths,_Computing_%26_Science_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepney Green Maths, Computing & Science College">Stepney Green Maths, Computing & Science College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanlea_School,_Business_and_Enterprise_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanlea School, Business and Enterprise College">Swanlea School, Business and Enterprise College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapping_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapping High School (page does not exist)">Wapping High School</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volunteering">Volunteering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Volunteering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Volunteer Centre Tower Hamlets helps residents find volunteering work and provides support to organisations involving students volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_parks_and_open_spaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Hamlets parks and open spaces">Tower Hamlets parks and open spaces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mile_End_Stadium,_Rhodeswell_Road,_E14_-_geograph.org.uk_-_787201.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mile_End_Stadium%2C_Rhodeswell_Road%2C_E14_-_geograph.org.uk_-_787201.jpg/220px-Mile_End_Stadium%2C_Rhodeswell_Road%2C_E14_-_geograph.org.uk_-_787201.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mile_End_Stadium%2C_Rhodeswell_Road%2C_E14_-_geograph.org.uk_-_787201.jpg/330px-Mile_End_Stadium%2C_Rhodeswell_Road%2C_E14_-_geograph.org.uk_-_787201.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mile_End_Stadium%2C_Rhodeswell_Road%2C_E14_-_geograph.org.uk_-_787201.jpg/440px-Mile_End_Stadium%2C_Rhodeswell_Road%2C_E14_-_geograph.org.uk_-_787201.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Stadium" title="Mile End Stadium">Mile End Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Stadium" title="Mile End Stadium">Mile End Stadium</a> within <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Park" title="Mile End Park">Mile End Park</a> hosts an <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a> <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a> and facilities for <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>. Two football clubs, <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Hamlets F.C.">Tower Hamlets F.C.</a> (formerly Bethnal Green United) and <a href="/wiki/Sporting_Bengal_United_F.C." title="Sporting Bengal United F.C.">Sporting Bengal United F.C.</a>, are based there, playing in the <a href="/wiki/Essex_Senior_Football_League" title="Essex Senior Football League">Essex Senior Football League</a>. </p><p>John Orwell Sports Centre in <a href="/wiki/Wapping" title="Wapping">Wapping</a> is the base of <a href="/wiki/Wapping_Hockey_Club" title="Wapping Hockey Club">Wapping Hockey Club</a>. In 2014, the club secured over £300,000 of investment to designate the centre a hockey priority facility.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A leisure centre including a swimming pool at <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Stadium" title="Mile End Stadium">Mile End Stadium</a> was completed in 2006. Other pools are located at <a href="/wiki/St_George_in_the_East_(parish)" title="St George in the East (parish)">St Georges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/York_Hall" title="York Hall">York Hall</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green" title="Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a>. York Hall is also a regular venue for boxing tournaments, and in May 2007 a public <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spa</a> was opened in the building's renovated <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Turkish_baths" title="Victorian Turkish baths">Victorian-style Turkish baths</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>KO Muay Thai Gym<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Apolaki Krav Maga & Dirty Boxing Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Bethnal Green are the main sources for martial arts and combat sports training in the area. </p><p>The unusual Green Bridge, opened in 2000, links sections of Mile End Park that would otherwise be divided by Mile End Road. The bridge contains gardens, water features and trees around the path.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Requires a rewrite in past tense.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tower Hamlets was one of five host boroughs for the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a> was constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Lea_Valley" title="Lea Valley">Lea Valley</a>. As such, the borough's involvement in the Olympics includes: </p> <ul><li>A small part of the Olympic Park is in <a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a>, a district of the borough, which makes the borough a host borough.</li> <li>The energy centre (King's Yard Energy Centre) of the Olympic Park is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, and gives energy to all the venues, none of which are located in Tower Hamlets.</li> <li>The world square and the London 2012 mega-store is also in the borough. The world square is for spectators, who can buy food or drink; the world's biggest McDonald's is in the world square in Tower Hamlets.</li> <li>The London 2012 mega-store provides official gifts and souvenirs. High Street, which is the main road to the Olympic park from west and central London, combines <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Road" title="Whitechapel Road">Whitechapel Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile End Road">Mile End Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bow_Road" title="Bow Road">Bow Road</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a>, in Tower Hamlets, is an important part of the Olympics because spectators without tickets can watch the games on big screens (London live 2012); that park is less than a mile away from the Olympic park. The main spectator cycle park is located in Victoria park. One of the entrances to the Olympic park is in Tower Hamlets, and is called the Victoria gate.</li> <li>A few schools in Tower Hamlets have taken part in the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic games as well as all the other host boroughs. The section of the Olympic Park in Tower Hamlets will be named "Sweetwater", one of the 5 new neighbourhoods after the games. Sweetwater will cover Tower Hamlets' part of the Olympic Park near <a href="/wiki/Old_Ford" title="Old Ford">Old Ford</a>.</li> <li>The Olympic marathon was planned to run through the borough but later ran through the City and <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/U-turn" title="U-turn">U-turn</a> was located in the borough near <a href="/wiki/The_Tower_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tower of London">The Tower of London</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a>, the artistic director of the <a href="/wiki/London_2012_opening_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="London 2012 opening ceremony">London 2012 opening ceremony</a>, lives in <a href="/wiki/Mile_End" title="Mile End">Mile End</a>.</li> <li>A large number of Tower Hamlets' residents became Olympic volunteers; Tower Hamlets ranks second, after neighbouring borough <a href="/wiki/Newham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newham">Newham</a>, for the number of volunteers from the borough.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leisure">Leisure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_in_Tower_Hamlets">Parks in Tower Hamlets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Parks in Tower Hamlets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_parks_and_open_spaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Hamlets parks and open spaces">Tower Hamlets parks and open spaces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MileEnd_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MileEnd_Park.JPG/220px-MileEnd_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MileEnd_Park.JPG/330px-MileEnd_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MileEnd_Park.JPG/440px-MileEnd_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Park" title="Mile End Park">Mile End Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are over one hundred parks and open spaces in Tower Hamlets ranging from the large <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a>, to numerous small gardens and squares. The second largest, <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Park" title="Mile End Park">Mile End Park</a>, separated from Victoria Park by a canal, includes <i>The Green Bridge</i> that carries the park across the busy Mile End Road. One of the smallest at 1.19 ha is the decorative <a href="/wiki/Grove_Hall_Park" title="Grove Hall Park">Grove Hall Park</a> off Fairfield Road, Bow, which was once the site of a lunatic asylum.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parks include <a href="/wiki/Altab_Ali_Park" title="Altab Ali Park">Altab Ali Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mudchute" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudchute">Mudchute Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grove_Hall_Park" title="Grove Hall Park">Grove Hall Park</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standbeeld_Robert_Milligan_Museum_of_London_Docklands.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Standbeeld_Robert_Milligan_Museum_of_London_Docklands.JPG/170px-Standbeeld_Robert_Milligan_Museum_of_London_Docklands.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Standbeeld_Robert_Milligan_Museum_of_London_Docklands.JPG/255px-Standbeeld_Robert_Milligan_Museum_of_London_Docklands.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Standbeeld_Robert_Milligan_Museum_of_London_Docklands.JPG/340px-Standbeeld_Robert_Milligan_Museum_of_London_Docklands.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London_Docklands" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of London Docklands">Museum of London Docklands</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_History_Trust" title="Island History Trust">Island History Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London_Docklands" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of London Docklands">Museum of London Docklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragged_School_Museum" title="Ragged School Museum">Ragged School Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%26A_Museum_of_Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="V&A Museum of Childhood">V&A Museum of Childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitechapel Art Gallery">Whitechapel Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagina_Museum" title="Vagina Museum">Vagina Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with most of the transport network in Tower Hamlets, several roads radiate across the Borough from the City of London.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East–west routes include: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/A11_road_(England)" title="A11 road (England)">A11</a>, which runs from <a href="/wiki/Aldgate" title="Aldgate">Aldgate</a> to the A12 near <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_London" title="Stratford, London">Stratford</a>, passing through <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mile_End" title="Mile End">Mile End</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a>.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/A13_road_(England)" title="A13 road (England)">A13</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Road" title="Commercial Road">Commercial Road</a>/<a href="/wiki/East_India_Dock_Road" title="East India Dock Road">East India Dock Road</a></i>), which runs from Aldgate to <a href="/wiki/Poplar,_London" title="Poplar, London">Poplar</a>. East of Poplar, the route continues towards <a href="/wiki/Barking,_London" title="Barking, London">Barking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend</a>.</li> <li>the A1203 (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Highway_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Highway (London)">The Highway</a></i>), which runs from <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Wapping" title="Wapping">Wapping</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a>.</li></ul> <p>There are several north–south routes in the Borough,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/A12_road_(England)" title="A12 road (England)">A12</a>, which begins at the A13 in Poplar and runs along the eastern edge of the Borough. The route carries traffic towards the <a href="/wiki/M11_motorway" title="M11 motorway">M11</a> (for <a href="/wiki/London_Stansted_Airport" title="London Stansted Airport">Stansted Airport</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports" title="List of airports"><img alt="Airport interchange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BSicon_FLUG.svg/13px-BSicon_FLUG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BSicon_FLUG.svg/20px-BSicon_FLUG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BSicon_FLUG.svg/26px-BSicon_FLUG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Romford" title="Romford">Romford</a>, and destinations in <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Chelmsford" title="Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harwich_International_Port" title="Harwich International Port">Harwich International Port</a>. The route ultimately runs to <a href="/wiki/Lowestoft" title="Lowestoft">Lowestoft</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>.</li> <li>the London Inner Ring Road from Old Street to Tower Bridge.</li></ul> <p>There are three <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> road crossings in the Borough.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From west-east, these are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a> (Tower Hill to <a href="/wiki/Southwark" title="Southwark">Southwark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bermondsey" title="Bermondsey">Bermondsey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotherhithe_Tunnel" title="Rotherhithe Tunnel">Rotherhithe Tunnel</a> (the A13 at Limehouse to <a href="/wiki/Canada_Water" title="Canada Water">Canada Water</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwall_Tunnel" title="Blackwall Tunnel">Blackwall Tunnel</a> (the A12 and A13 at Poplar to <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TfL_Route_309_on_Ettrick_Street,_Tower_Hamlets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Optare Solo bus on route 309 passing Aberfeldy Estate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/TfL_Route_309_on_Ettrick_Street%2C_Tower_Hamlets.jpg/220px-TfL_Route_309_on_Ettrick_Street%2C_Tower_Hamlets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/TfL_Route_309_on_Ettrick_Street%2C_Tower_Hamlets.jpg/330px-TfL_Route_309_on_Ettrick_Street%2C_Tower_Hamlets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/TfL_Route_309_on_Ettrick_Street%2C_Tower_Hamlets.jpg/440px-TfL_Route_309_on_Ettrick_Street%2C_Tower_Hamlets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Bus on route 309 in Poplar.</figcaption></figure> <p>The principal rail services commence in the City at <a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenchurch Street station">Fenchurch Street</a>, with one stop at <a href="/wiki/Limehouse_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limehouse railway station">Limehouse</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street</a>, with stops at <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_railway_station" title="Bethnal Green railway station">Bethnal Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Heath_railway_station" title="Cambridge Heath railway station">Cambridge Heath</a>. The <a href="/wiki/East_London_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="East London Line">East London Line</a> passes from north to south through Tower Hamlets with stations at Whitechapel, Shadwell and Wapping. One entrance to <a href="/wiki/Shoreditch_High_Street_railway_station" title="Shoreditch High Street railway station">Shoreditch High Street</a> station is inside the Borough. And the <a href="/wiki/North_London_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="North London Line">North London Line</a> passes the very north in Tower Hamlets with one entrance to <a href="/wiki/Hackney_Wick_railway_station" title="Hackney Wick railway station">Hackney Wick</a> inside the Borough. Since 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line">Elizabeth line</a> has two stops at <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_station" title="Whitechapel station">Whitechapel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_railway_station" title="Canary Wharf railway station">Canary Wharf</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway">Docklands Light Railway</a> was built to serve the docklands areas of the borough, with a principal terminus at <a href="/wiki/Bank%E2%80%93Monument_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank–Monument station">Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tower_Gateway_DLR_station" title="Tower Gateway DLR station">Tower Gateway</a>. An interchange at <a href="/wiki/Poplar_DLR_station" title="Poplar DLR station">Poplar</a> allows trains to proceed north to <a href="/wiki/Stratford_DLR_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford DLR station">Stratford</a>, south via <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_DLR_station" title="Canary Wharf DLR station">Canary Wharf</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Lewisham_DLR_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewisham DLR station">Lewisham</a>, and east either via the <a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">London City Airport</a> to <a href="/wiki/Woolwich_Arsenal_station" title="Woolwich Arsenal station">Woolwich Arsenal</a> or via <a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL London</a> to <a href="/wiki/Beckton" title="Beckton">Beckton</a>. </p><p>Three <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> services cross the district, serving a total of 8 stations: the <a href="/wiki/District_line" title="District line">District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_and_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammersmith and City">Hammersmith and City</a> lines share track between <a href="/wiki/Aldgate_East_tube_station" title="Aldgate East tube station">Aldgate East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barking_tube_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Barking tube station">Barking</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Central_line_(London_Underground)" title="Central line (London Underground)">Central line</a> has stations at <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_tube_station" title="Bethnal Green tube station">Bethnal Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_tube_station" title="Mile End tube station">Mile End</a> - where there is an interchange to the District line. The <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_line" title="Jubilee line">Jubilee line</a> has one stop at <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_tube_station" title="Canary Wharf tube station">Canary Wharf</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_stations">List of stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: List of stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldgate_East_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldgate East station">Aldgate East station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_DLR_station" title="All Saints DLR station">All Saints DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_railway_station" title="Bethnal Green railway station">Bethnal Green railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_tube_station" title="Bethnal Green tube station">Bethnal Green tube station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwall_DLR_station" title="Blackwall DLR station">Blackwall DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Church_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow Church station">Bow Church station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Road_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow Road station">Bow Road station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley-by-Bow_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromley-by-Bow station">Bromley-by-Bow station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Heath_railway_station" title="Cambridge Heath railway station">Cambridge Heath railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_DLR_station" title="Canary Wharf DLR station">Canary Wharf DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_railway_station" title="Canary Wharf railway station">Canary Wharf railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_tube_station" title="Canary Wharf tube station">Canary Wharf tube station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossharbour_DLR_station" title="Crossharbour DLR station">Crossharbour DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devons_Road_DLR_station" title="Devons Road DLR station">Devons Road DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_DLR_station" title="East India DLR station">East India DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Wick_railway_station" title="Hackney Wick railway station">Hackney Wick railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Quays_DLR_station" title="Heron Quays DLR station">Heron Quays DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Gardens_DLR_station" title="Island Gardens DLR station">Island Gardens DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Park_DLR_station" title="Langdon Park DLR station">Langdon Park DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_station" title="Limehouse station">Limehouse station</a> (Rail and DLR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_End_tube_station" title="Mile End tube station">Mile End station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudchute_DLR_station" title="Mudchute DLR station">Mudchute DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_DLR_station" title="Poplar DLR station">Poplar DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadwell_railway_station" title="Shadwell railway station">Shadwell railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadwell_DLR_station" title="Shadwell DLR station">Shadwell DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreditch_High_Street_railway_station" title="Shoreditch High Street railway station">Shoreditch High Street railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Quay_DLR_station" title="South Quay DLR station">South Quay DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney_Green_tube_station" title="Stepney Green tube station">Stepney Green tube station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Gateway_DLR_station" title="Tower Gateway DLR station">Tower Gateway DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill_tube_station" title="Tower Hill tube station">Tower Hill tube station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapping_railway_station" title="Wapping railway station">Wapping railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_India_Quay_DLR_station" title="West India Quay DLR station">West India Quay DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westferry_DLR_station" title="Westferry DLR station">Westferry DLR station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_station" title="Whitechapel station">Whitechapel station</a></li></ul> </div> <p>In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, light rail, 24.0% of all residents aged 16–74; on foot, 7.5%; bus, minibus or coach, 7.5%; driving a car or van, 6.9%; bicycle, 4.1%; train, 3.8%; work mainly at or from home, 2.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tower Hamlets Borough Council operates a <a href="/wiki/Walking_bus" title="Walking bus">walking bus</a> service for school pupils on agreed routes with some running every school day while and others once or twice a week depending on the number of adult volunteers involved.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coat of arms of the Borough of Tower Hamlets was granted by the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> in 1965<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is composed of elements representing the maritime trades and heritage of the area. The strong links to the former <a href="/wiki/Stepney#Manor_and_Ancient_Parish" title="Stepney">manor and ancient parish of Stepney</a> and to <a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan%27s,_Stepney" title="St Dunstan's, Stepney">St Dunstan's church</a> in Stepney known as the <i>Church of the High Seas</i> are represented. The manor and parish did not have a coat of arms but the (smaller) subsequent <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stepney" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stepney">Metropolitan Borough of Stepney</a> did, and elements from that have been incorporated into the current design. </p><p>The shield features: </p> <ul><li>A ship, representing the maritime trades.</li> <li>A sprig of <a href="/wiki/Morus_nigra" title="Morus nigra">mulberry</a> and a weaver's shuttle, representing the silk and other weaving activities once so important to the borough. The use of mulberry also honours the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a> refugees who first brought silk weaving to Tower Hamlets, and to England generally.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many council staff wear mulberry coloured (claret\maroon) uniforms.</li> <li>Blacksmith's fire tongs, the emblem of <a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan" class="mw-redirect" title="St Dunstan">St Dunstan</a>, the patron saint of Stepney, who had close ties to the area. Dunstan famously grabbed the devil by the nose with his tongs when he tried to tempt Dunstan.</li></ul> <p>The crest features: </p> <ul><li>A silver representation of the (originally whitewashed) <a href="/wiki/White_Tower_(Tower_of_London)" title="White Tower (Tower of London)">White Tower</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, to which the original <a href="/wiki/Tower_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower division">Tower Hamlets (or Tower division)</a> was intimately linked.</li> <li>Crossed gold anchors, again representing the area's position in the Port of London.</li></ul> <p>Supporters: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">seahorse</a>, representing the maritime trades.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Talbot_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (dog)">talbot dog</a>, representing the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs" title="Isle of Dogs">Isle of Dogs</a>.</li></ul> <p>Motto: <i>From great things to greater</i>, an anglicised version of the Latin motto on the arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney. </p><p>The council's logo is used as an alternative to the coat of arms. It features a simplified White Tower, above a stylised representation of the Thames. This was a development of the previous logo of the White Tower, in mulberry and presented in a three-tower form, as if seen from certain quarters which obscured the furthest corner tower—and a geographically accurate representation of the local part of the Thames. This older version is still seen on many street signs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_Borough">Freedom of the Borough</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Freedom of the Borough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the Borough</a> of Tower Hamlets. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(Royal_Navy)" title="Commander (Royal Navy)">Commander</a> John Ludgate: 25 May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Military units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Crane" title="HMS Crane">HMS <i>Crane</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 1942.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_Engineers" title="Tower Hamlets Engineers">114 (1st London) Army Engineer Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">TA</a>): 27 April 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/16px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/24px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/33px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">List of public art in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Mayor of Tower Hamlets">Mayor of Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets London Borough Council</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From 1801 to 1821, the population of Bethnal Green more than doubled, and by 1831 had trebled (see table in population section). These incomers were principally weavers. For further details, see Andrew August, <i>Poor Women's Lives: Gender, Work, and Poverty in Late-Victorian London</i>, pp. 35–6 (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1999), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8386-3807-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8386-3807-4">0-8386-3807-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By the early 19th century, over 11,000 people were crammed into insanitary slums in an area, which took its name from the former Hospital of St Katherine that had stood on the site since the 12th century.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Tower Dock was the western boundary of the Tower Liberties—see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/significant-places/tower-of-london-1597/">map</a> and more recent OS maps. The Liberties indirectly merged into the London Borough of Tower Hamlets via the Borough of Stepney.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/publications/londons-poverty-profile-2017">"London's Poverty Profile 2017 report (page 18)"</a>. <i>Trust for London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trust+for+London&rft.atitle=London%27s+Poverty+Profile+2017+report+%28page+18%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trustforlondon.org.uk%2Fpublications%2Flondons-poverty-profile-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/data/boroughs/tower-hamlets-poverty-and-inequality-indicators/">"London's Poverty Profile"</a>. <i>Trust for London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trust+for+London&rft.atitle=London%27s+Poverty+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trustforlondon.org.uk%2Fdata%2Fboroughs%2Ftower-hamlets-poverty-and-inequality-indicators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin2024" class="citation news cs1">Austin, Jon (30 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1969098/uk-city-dubbed-manhattan-600-skyscrapers/amp">"The UK city dubbed 'another Manhattan' as 600 skyscrapers poised to go up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Express&rft.atitle=The+UK+city+dubbed+%27another+Manhattan%27+as+600+skyscrapers+poised+to+go+up&rft.date=2024-10-30&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2F1969098%2Fuk-city-dubbed-manhattan-600-skyscrapers%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/community_and_living/borough_statistics/Borough_profile.aspx">"Borough Profile 2020"</a>. <i>towerhamlets.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221223614/https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/community_and_living/borough_statistics/Borough_profile.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=towerhamlets.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Borough+Profile+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.towerhamlets.gov.uk%2Flgnl%2Fcommunity_and_living%2Fborough_statistics%2FBorough_profile.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Documents/Borough_statistics/Ward_profiles/Census-2011/2015-04-21-Faith-key-facts-Revised-data.pdf">"Religion in Tower Hamlets, 2011 Census Update"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>towerhamlets.gov.uk</i>. February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826041641/https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Documents/Borough_statistics/Ward_profiles/Census-2011/2015-04-21-Faith-key-facts-Revised-data.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=towerhamlets.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Religion+in+Tower+Hamlets%2C+2011+Census+Update&rft.date=2015-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.towerhamlets.gov.uk%2FDocuments%2FBorough_statistics%2FWard_profiles%2FCensus-2011%2F2015-04-21-Faith-key-facts-Revised-data.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banglastories.org/about-the-project/the-locations/tower-hamlets.html">"Bangla Stories"</a>. <i>banglastories.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=banglastories.org&rft.atitle=Bangla+Stories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.banglastories.org%2Fabout-the-project%2Fthe-locations%2Ftower-hamlets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEade1996" class="citation book cs1">Eade, John (1996). "Nationalism, Community, and the Islamisation of Space in London". In Metcalf, Barbara Daly (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingmuslimspac0000unse"><i>Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe</i></a></span>. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520204042" title="Special:BookSources/0520204042"><bdi>0520204042</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>. <q>As one of the few mosques in Britain permitted to broadcast calls to prayer (azan), the mosque soon found itself at the centre of a public debate about "noise pollution" when local non-Muslim residents began to protest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nationalism%2C+Community%2C+and+the+Islamisation+of+Space+in+London&rft.btitle=Making+Muslim+Space+in+North+America+and+Europe&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0520204042&rft.aulast=Eade&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingmuslimspac0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garbin, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surrey.ac.uk/cronem/files/BE04B01Ed01.pdf">"Bangladeshi diaspora in the UK: some observations on socio-cultural dynamics, religious trends and transnational politics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104015141/https://www.surrey.ac.uk/cronem/files/BE04B01Ed01.pdf">Archived</a> 4 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Conference Human Rights and Bangladesh, <a href="/wiki/SOAS,_University_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="SOAS, University of London">School of African and Oriental Studies</a>, June 2005, p. 1. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censuskeyfacts-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censuskeyfacts_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tower Hamlets Council Corporate Research Unit, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=a1d93377-5375-4aab-9eb4-14e6a56accb5&version=1">Religion in Tower Hamlets 2011 Census: Key Facts (Briefing 2013-03)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140805153211/http://towerhamlets.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=a1d93377-5375-4aab-9eb4-14e6a56accb5&version=1">Archived</a> 5 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubbard2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hubbard, Phil (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socresonline.org.uk/21/3/1.html">"Hipsters on Our High Streets: Consuming the Gentrification Frontier"</a>. <i>Sociological Research Online</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5153%2Fsro.3962">10.5153/sro.3962</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53381825">53381825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Research+Online&rft.atitle=Hipsters+on+Our+High+Streets%3A+Consuming+the+Gentrification+Frontier&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5153%2Fsro.3962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53381825%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socresonline.org.uk%2F21%2F3%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.towerhamletsarts.org.uk/?cid=73084&guide=events">"Framing Banglatown - Arts & Entertainment"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Framing+Banglatown+-+Arts+%26+Entertainment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.towerhamletsarts.org.uk%2F%3Fcid%3D73084%26guide%3Devents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlunden2018" class="citation web cs1">Blunden, Mark (21 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/tourist-favour-hipster-east-end-over-central-london-airbnb-reveals-a3916766.html">"Tourist favour hipster East End over central London, Airbnb reveals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Tourist+favour+hipster+East+End+over+central+London%2C+Airbnb+reveals&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.aulast=Blunden&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flondon%2Ftourist-favour-hipster-east-end-over-central-london-airbnb-reveals-a3916766.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Power, M. J. (1965). "The origin and early use of the name 'Tower Hamlets'". East London Papers. 8: 67–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008923-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008923_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008">Weinreb et al. 2008</a>, p. 923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BHO-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BHO_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/acts-ordinances-interregnum/pp1057-1058">1648 Ordinance for Militia within the Hamblets of the Tower of London</a> British History Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-palmer-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-palmer_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmer_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The East End</i> Alan Palmer, (John Murray, London 1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-5666-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-5666-X">0-7195-5666-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huguenot-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huguenot_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22743"><i>Bethnal Green: Settlement and Building to 1836</i>, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green (1998), pp. 91–5</a> Date accessed: 17 April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Irish_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Irish in Britain</i> John A. Jackson, pp. 137–139, 150 (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jews-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jews_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22113"><i>The Jews</i>, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1: Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, The Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes to 1870, Private Education from Sixteenth Century (1969), pp. 149–51</a> Date accessed: 17 April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bangla-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bangla_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacesyntax.tudelft.nl/media/prcdngsabstracts/izaaftab.pdf"><i>The Spatial Form of Bangladeshi Community in London's East End</i> Iza Aftab</a> (UCL) (particularly background of Bangladeshi immigration to the East End). Date accessed: 17 April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The East End at War</i> Rosemary Taylor and Christopher Lloyd (Sutton Publishing, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-4913-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-4913-9">0-7509-4913-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olympics-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olympics_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london2012.com/plans/olympic-park/legacy/index.php"><i>Olympic Park: Legacy</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091120034846/http://www.london2012.com/plans/olympic-park/legacy/index.php">Archived</a> 20 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (London 2012) accessed 20 September 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammett-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hammett_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Hammett <i>Unequal City: London in the Global Arena</i> (2003) Routledge; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-31730-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-31730-4">0-415-31730-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy1898" class="citation book cs1">Hardy, William John (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zAwOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA35"><i>Middlesex and Hertfordshire Notes and Queries: Volume 4</i></a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">35–</span>36<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middlesex+and+Hertfordshire+Notes+and+Queries%3A+Volume+4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=William+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzAwOAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_Management_Act_1855" title="Metropolis Management Act 1855">Metropolis Management Act 1855</a> (18 & 19 Vict. c. 120)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Youngs-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Youngs_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Youngs_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungs1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Youngs, Frederic (1979). <i>Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England</i>. Vol. I: Southern England. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Historical_Society" title="Royal Historical Society">Royal Historical Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901050-67-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-901050-67-9"><bdi>0-901050-67-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Local+Administrative+Units+of+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Historical+Society&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-901050-67-9&rft.aulast=Youngs&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1899" title="London Government Act 1899">London Government Act 1899</a> (62 & 63 Vict. c. 14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/mar/19/uyghur-court-hong-kong-road-tower-hamlets-plans-name-changes-in-solidarity">"Tiananmen Square, Uyghur Court: Tower Hamlets plans name changes in solidarity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 19 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tiananmen+Square%2C+Uyghur+Court%3A+Tower+Hamlets+plans+name+changes+in+solidarity&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2021%2Fmar%2F19%2Fuyghur-court-hong-kong-road-tower-hamlets-plans-name-changes-in-solidarity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastlondonlines.co.uk/2023/03/historic-whitechapel-building-reopens-as-tower-hamlets-new-town-hall/">"Historic Whitechapel building reopens as Tower Hamlets' new town hall"</a>. <i>East London Lines</i>. 1 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+London+Lines&rft.atitle=Historic+Whitechapel+building+reopens+as+Tower+Hamlets%27+new+town+hall&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastlondonlines.co.uk%2F2023%2F03%2Fhistoric-whitechapel-building-reopens-as-tower-hamlets-new-town-hall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SunTel-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SunTel_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilligan2010" class="citation web cs1">Gilligan, Andrew (17 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018183949/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8068839/PICS-AND-PUBLISH-Tower-Hamlets-extremist-vote-poses-Eds-first-big-election-test.html">"Tower Hamlets extremist vote poses Ed Miliband's first big election test"</a>. Sunday Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8068839/PICS-AND-PUBLISH-Tower-Hamlets-extremist-vote-poses-Eds-first-big-election-test.html">the original</a> on 18 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tower+Hamlets+extremist+vote+poses+Ed+Miliband%27s+first+big+election+test&rft.pub=Sunday+Telegraph&rft.date=2010-10-17&rft.aulast=Gilligan&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Flaw-and-order%2F8068839%2FPICS-AND-PUBLISH-Tower-Hamlets-extremist-vote-poses-Eds-first-big-election-test.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Met_Averages-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Met_Averages_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10hb54gm">"Greenwich 1991–2020 averages"</a>. Met Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greenwich+1991%E2%80%932020+averages&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fclimate%2Fmaps-and-data%2Fuk-climate-averages%2Fu10hb54gm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/interesting/aug03maxtemps.html">"Hot Spell - August 2003"</a>. Met Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hot+Spell+-+August+2003&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Finteresting%2Faug03maxtemps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/interesting/july2006">"Record Breaking Heat and Sunshine - July 2006"</a>. Met Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Extreme+Maximum+Temperature&rft.pub=Starlings+Roost+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarlingsroost.ddns.net%2Fweather%2Fukobs%2Ftemp_month_record_tmax_map.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php">"Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature"</a>. Starlings Roost Weather<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Extreme+Minimum+Temperature&rft.pub=Starlings+Roost+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarlingsroost.ddns.net%2Fweather%2Fukobs%2Ftemp_month_record_tmin_map.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10057346&c_id=10001043&add=N">"Tower Hamlets: Total Population"</a>. <i>A Vision of Britain Through Time</i>. Great Britain Historical GIS Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Vision+of+Britain+Through+Time&rft.atitle=Tower+Hamlets%3A+Total+Population&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fdata_cube_table_page.jsp%3Fdata_theme%3DT_POP%26data_cube%3DN_TPop%26u_id%3D10057346%26c_id%3D10001043%26add%3DN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10056858&c_id=10001043&add=N"><i>A Vision of Britain through time</i></a>. Retrieved 20 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10est-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10est_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?adminCompAndTimeId=28071%3A345&a=7&b=276772&c=Tower+Hamlets&d=13&r=1&e=13&f=27230&o=131&g=346969&i=1001x1003x1004x1005&l=1813&m=0&s=1315324732592&enc=1">Resident Population Estimates, All Persons - Tower Hamlets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112033324/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?adminCompAndTimeId=28071%3A345&a=7&b=276772&c=Tower%20Hamlets&d=13&r=1&e=13&f=27230&o=131&g=346969&i=1001x1003x1004x1005&l=1813&m=0&s=1315324732592&enc=1">Archived</a> 12 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ONS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleebauer, Alistair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/crime_went_up_by_3_5_in_tower_hamlets_last_year_according_to_met_figures_1_781216">"Crime went up by 3.5% in Tower Hamlets last year, according to Met figures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/East_London_Advertiser" class="mw-redirect" title="East London Advertiser">East London Advertiser</a></i>. 23 January 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303030254/http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/crime_went_up_by_3_5_in_tower_hamlets_last_year_according_to_met_figures_1_781216">Archived</a> 21 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=a4d09192-a9e9-431a-a828-dd44eb892e63&version=-1">"Tower Hamlets Crime and Drugs Reduction Strategy – Year 1 2008/09"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320003149/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=a4d09192-a9e9-431a-a828-dd44eb892e63&version=-1">Archived</a> 20 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Tower Hamlets Partnership. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census11-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census11_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census11_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census11_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Documents/Borough_statistics/Ward_profiles/Census-2011/RB-Census2011-Ethnicity-2013-01.pdf">Ethnicity in Tower Hamlets</a> TowerHamlets.gov.uk.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121208050100/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/351-400/367_census_information/2011_census.aspx">"census_information/2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/351-400/367_census_information/2011_census.aspx">the original</a> on 8 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=census_information%2F2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.towerhamlets.gov.uk%2Flgsl%2F351-400%2F367_census_information%2F2011_census.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LBTH-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LBTH_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LBTH_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/Products/BVIR/ECC85820-A585-11d7-B311-0060085F8572/TowerHamletsMajorWorks.pdf">"Audit Commission"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>audit-commission.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808185020/http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/Products/BVIR/ECC85820-A585-11d7-B311-0060085F8572/TowerHamletsMajorWorks.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=audit-commission.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Audit+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audit-commission.gov.uk%2FProducts%2FBVIR%2FECC85820-A585-11d7-B311-0060085F8572%2FTowerHamletsMajorWorks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeighbourhood_Statistics" class="citation web cs1">Neighbourhood Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160502074557/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276772&c=Tower+Hamlets&d=13&e=15&g=346968&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1222206347798&enc=1&dsFamilyId=47">"Tower Hamlets - Ethnic groups - 2001 Census - ONS"</a>. <i>Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276772&c=Tower+Hamlets&d=13&e=15&g=346968&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1222206347798&enc=1&dsFamilyId=47">the original</a> on 2 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Tower+Hamlets+-+Ethnic+groups+-+2001+Census+-+ONS&rft.au=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D276772%26c%3DTower%2BHamlets%26d%3D13%26e%3D15%26g%3D346968%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1222206347798%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genesandhealth.org/bn/node/91">"Diabetes and heart disease in Bangladeshis and Pakistanis | East London Genes & Health"</a>. <i>Genesandhealth.org</i> (in Bengali)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Genesandhealth.org&rft.atitle=Diabetes+and+heart+disease+in+Bangladeshis+and+Pakistanis+%7C+East+London+Genes+%26+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genesandhealth.org%2Fbn%2Fnode%2F91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/maps/choropleth/population/age/resident-age-3a/aged-65-years-and-over">"Age - Census Maps, ONS"</a>. <i>www.ons.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Age+-+Census+Maps%2C+ONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fcensus%2Fmaps%2Fchoropleth%2Fpopulation%2Fage%2Fresident-age-3a%2Faged-65-years-and-over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/659921">"Ethnic minorities in Britain"</a>. <i>search.worldcat.org</i>. p. 42<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.worldcat.org&rft.atitle=Ethnic+minorities+in+Britain&rft.pages=42&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F659921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Butler" class="citation web cs1">Tim Butler, Chris Hamnett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/ethnicity-class-and-aspiration">"Ethnicity, class and aspiration"</a>. <i>Policy Press</i>. p. 66<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Policy+Press&rft.atitle=Ethnicity%2C+class+and+aspiration&rft.pages=66&rft.aulast=Tim+Butler&rft.aufirst=Chris+Hamnett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolicy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk%2Fethnicity-class-and-aspiration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse"><i>Ethnicity in the 1991 Census</i></a>. Vol. 3: <i>Social Geography and Ethnicity in Britain, Geographical Spread, Spatial Concentration and Internal Migration</i>. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-691655-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-691655-6"><bdi>978-0-11-691655-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54325016">54325016</a> – via the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity+in+the+1991+Census&rft.place=London&rft.pub=His+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office+%28HMSO%29&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54325016&rft.isbn=978-0-11-691655-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethnicityin1991c0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls">"2001 Census Key Statistics"</a>. <i>webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.towerhamlets.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Janomot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.towerhamlets.gov.uk%2Flgnl%2Fleisure_and_culture%2FBangladesh-at-50%2FJanomot.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3DJanomot%2520was%2520launched%2520on%252021%2CMass%2520Upsurge%2520in%2520February%25201969.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusson2024" class="citation web cs1">Fergusson, Rachel (14 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitechapellondon.co.uk/janomot-bengali-newspaper-syed-nahas-pasha-history/">"Janomot: The UK's oldest Bengali newspaper"</a>. <i>Whitechapel LDN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whitechapel+LDN&rft.atitle=Janomot%3A+The+UK%27s+oldest+Bengali+newspaper&rft.date=2024-02-14&rft.aulast=Fergusson&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitechapellondon.co.uk%2Fjanomot-bengali-newspaper-syed-nahas-pasha-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaylor_Marlow2024" class="citation web cs1">Naylor Marlow, Felix (25 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitechapellondon.co.uk/bengali-press-fight-to-keep-bangla-alive-relevant-younger-generation/">"Bengali press fighting to keep Bangla alive and relevant"</a>. <i>Whitechapel LDN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whitechapel+LDN&rft.atitle=Bengali+press+fighting+to+keep+Bangla+alive+and+relevant&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.aulast=Naylor+Marlow&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitechapellondon.co.uk%2Fbengali-press-fight-to-keep-bangla-alive-relevant-younger-generation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/1-50/17_schools/schools_in_tower_hamlets.aspx">list of education authority schools</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127085620/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/1-50/17_schools/schools_in_tower_hamlets.aspx">Archived</a> 27 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/901-950/916_borough_statistics/pupil_projections.aspx">"Pupil projections"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929103657/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/901-950/916_borough_statistics/pupil_projections.aspx">Archived</a> 29 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Hamlets Council">Tower Hamlets Council</a>. Retrieved 27 June 2011. <ul><li>See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s001012/index.shtml">"DfE: Schools, Pupils and their Characteristics, January 2011"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department for Education</a>, data released on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2011/06/private-schools">"Private schools: capital spending"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, 22 June 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708020050/http://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2011/06/private-schools">Archived</a> 11 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/education/school_tables/secondary/10/html/gcse_211.stm">"Secondary schools and colleges in Tower Hamlets"</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 12 January 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011. See also: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-12150147">"Guide: Secondary league tables"</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 12 January 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2011/jan/11/tower-hamlets-gcse-alevel-tables">"Tower Hamlets: GCSE and A-level results for 2009-2010"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 12 January 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</li> <li>For highest results, see: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/news/council_news/august/tower_hamlets_scores_record_gc.aspx">"Tower Hamlets scores record GCSE results"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets London Borough Council</a>, 25 August 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110711171813/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/news/council_news/august/tower_hamlets_scores_record_gc.aspx">Archived</a> 11 July 2011.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000963/sfr30-2010t317.xls">GCSE information</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=XLS_(file_format)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XLS (file format) (page does not exist)">XLS</a>) (364 KB). <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department for Education</a>. Table 16. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2011. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000963/index.shtml">publication page</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cavendish, Camilla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article1115572.ece">"You don't need the middle class"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 4 March 2003. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londonspovertyprofile.org.uk/indicators/topics/low-educational-outcomes/attainment-at-age-11/">"Attainment at age 11 by borough"</a>, londonspovertyprofile.org.uk, 13 July 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garner, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/tower-hamlets-rejects-goldman-sachs-offer-to-sponsor-academy-454007.html">"Tower Hamlets rejects Goldman Sachs' offer to sponsor academy"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, 21 June 2007. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frean, Alexandra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article598947.ece">"Race quotas 'needed to end divide in schools'"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 12 October 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2011. <ul><li>See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130505065244/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23398417-schools-in-the-east-end-dividing-by-race.do">"Schools in the East End dividing by race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a></i>. 29 May 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnston, Ron; Burgess, Simon; Harris, Richard; Wilson, Deborah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cmpo/publications/papers/2006/wp155.pdf">"'Sleep-Walking Towards Segregation?' The Changing Ethnic Composition of English Schools, 1997-2003: An Entry Cohort Analysis"</a>. Centre for Market and Public Organisation. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a>. September 2006. p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/8194464.stm">"More pupils can claim free meals"</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 11 August 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchnappBattles2014-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SchnappBattles2014_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_SchnappMatthew_Battles2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Schnapp" title="Jeffrey Schnapp">Jeffrey Schnapp</a>; Matthew Battles (2014). <i><a href="/wiki/Library_Beyond_the_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Library Beyond the Book">Library Beyond the Book</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-72503-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-72503-4"><bdi>978-0-674-72503-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+Beyond+the+Book&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-674-72503-4&rft.au=Jeffrey+Schnapp&rft.au=Matthew+Battles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sudjic, Deyan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2005/nov/06/architecture.communities">"Just give him some space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 6 November 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ideastore.co.uk/en/articles/about_us_faqs_admin_maintenance">"Administration and Maintenance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Idea_Store" title="Idea Store">Idea Store</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930061232/http://www.ideastore.co.uk/en/articles/about_us_faqs_admin_maintenance">Archived</a> 21 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncclondon.ac.uk/">"New City College"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+City+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncclondon.ac.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcth.org.uk">"Volunteer Centre Tower Hamlets"</a>. <i>Vcth.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vcth.org.uk&rft.atitle=Volunteer+Centre+Tower+Hamlets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcth.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilmour, Rod (3 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/hockey/10673497/Wappings-hockey-revolution-bears-fruits-as-London-club-goes-business-savvy.html">"Wapping's Hockey Revolution Bears Fruits as London Club Goes Business Savvy"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. Retrieved on 24 August 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodspaguide.co.uk/spas/reviews/203-Spa-London.cfm">"Spa London, Bethnal Green - 3 bubbles"</a>, The Good Spa Guide. Retrieved 27 June 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180125071040/http://www.komuaythai.com/">"KO Gym - Combat Academy - Muay Thai - Kick Boxing - London"</a>. <i>Komuaythai.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.komuaythai.com">the original</a> on 25 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Komuaythai.com&rft.atitle=KO+Gym+-+Combat+Academy+-+Muay+Thai+-+Kick+Boxing+-+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.komuaythai.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905100952/http://www.apolakikravmagalondon.com/">"Apolaki Krav Maga London"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apolakikravmagalondon.com/">the original</a> on 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apolaki+Krav+Maga+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apolakikravmagalondon.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/451-500/461_parks/mile_end_park/history_and_background.aspx">"History and Background"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323062041/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/451-500/461_parks/mile_end_park/history_and_background.aspx">Archived</a> 23 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets London Borough Council</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2011. See PDF files.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/16647677">"The 2012 Olympics: The greatest sideshow on Earth"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, 22 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tower Hamlets Council. AZ of Parks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/leisure_and_culture/parks_and_open_spaces/a_-_z_of_parks.aspx">Retrieved 4 July 2014.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/51805">"London Borough of Tower Hamlets"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></i>. 25 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenStreetMap&rft.atitle=London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2Frelation%2F51805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls">"2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales"</a>. Office for National Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Census%3A+QS701EW+Method+of+travel+to+work%2C+local+authorities+in+England+and+Wales&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fkey-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales%2Frft-qs701ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span> Percentages are of all residents aged 16-74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey's longest part by distance.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/leisure_and_culture/walking/cycling_and_walking_to_school/cycling_and_walking_to_school.aspx">"Cycling and walking to school"</a>. <i>Towerhamlets.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Towerhamlets.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Cycling+and+walking+to+school&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.towerhamlets.gov.uk%2Flgnl%2Fleisure_and_culture%2Fwalking%2Fcycling_and_walking_to_school%2Fcycling_and_walking_to_school.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/wiki/Tower_Hamlets">"Tower Hamlets"</a>. <i>Heraldry of the World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heraldry+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Tower+Hamlets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldry-wiki.com%2Fwiki%2FTower_Hamlets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2018" class="citation news cs1">White, Anna (19 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/uk/londons-newest-developments-harnessing-history-built/">"How London's newest developments are harnessing the history they were built on"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=How+London%27s+newest+developments+are+harnessing+the+history+they+were+built+on&rft.date=2018-03-19&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fproperty%2Fuk%2Flondons-newest-developments-harnessing-history-built%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke2018" class="citation web cs1">Brooke, Mike (25 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/queen-s-deputy-lieutenant-john-ludgate-receives-first-freedom-of-3594328">"Queen's deputy lieutenant John Ludgate receives first 'Freedom of Tower Hamlets' of the 21st century"</a>. <i>East London Advertiser</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+London+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Queen%27s+deputy+lieutenant+John+Ludgate+receives+first+%27Freedom+of+Tower+Hamlets%27+of+the+21st+century&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fqueen-s-deputy-lieutenant-john-ludgate-receives-first-freedom-of-3594328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steppingforwardlondon.org/civic-honours-granted-by-the-london-boroughs.html">Civic Honours granted by the London Boroughs</a> <i>www.steppingforwardlondon.org</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Cornwell, Jocelyn (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UtQ9AAAAIAAJ"><i>Hard-Earned Lives: Accounts of Health and Illness from East London</i></a>, Tavistock Publications.</li> <li>Dancygier, Rafaela M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vTRzzVMzhScC"><i>Immigration and Conflict in Europe</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</li> <li>Hill, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/davehillblog/2010/sep/17/tower-hamlets-lutfur-rahman-politics-poverty-faith">"Tower Hamlets: politics, poverty and faith"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 19 September 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2011.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Weinreb" title="Ben Weinreb">Weinreb, Ben</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert" title="Christopher Hibbert">Hibbert, Christopher</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Keay" title="John Keay">Keay, John</a>; Keay, Julia (2008). <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Encyclopaedia" title="The London Encyclopaedia">The London Encyclopaedia</a></i> (3rd ed.). Pan Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-405-04924-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-405-04924-5"><bdi>978-1-405-04924-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+London+Encyclopaedia&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-405-04924-5&rft.aulast=Weinreb&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Hibbert%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Keay%2C+John&rft.au=Keay%2C+Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALondon+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409101559/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/data/thp/channels/thp/resources/ward+data+report+2005+-+final1.pdf">LBTH Ward data report (2005)</a>—Information on Tower Hamlets at the ward level</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets622" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Template:London Borough of Tower Hamlets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Template talk:London Borough of Tower Hamlets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London Borough of Tower Hamlets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets622" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">London Borough of Tower Hamlets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wards_and_electoral_divisions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom">Wards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green" title="Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a></li> <li>Blackwall and Cubitt Town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a> East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a> West</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley-by-Bow" title="Bromley-by-Bow">Bromley</a> North</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley-by-Bow" title="Bromley-by-Bow">Bromley</a> South</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a></li> <li>Island Gardens</li> <li>Lansbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_End" title="Mile End">Mile End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar,_London" title="Poplar, London">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadwell" title="Shadwell">Shadwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields and Banglatown</a></li> <li>St Dunstan's</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Docks" title="St Katharine Docks">St Katharine's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wapping" title="Wapping">Wapping</a></li> <li>St Peter's</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepney Green">Stepney Green</a></li> <li>Weavers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel" title="Whitechapel">Whitechapel</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tower Hamlets"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tower Hamlets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LondonTowerHamlets.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in Greater London"><img alt="Location of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in Greater London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/LondonTowerHamlets.svg/100px-LondonTowerHamlets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/LondonTowerHamlets.svg/150px-LondonTowerHamlets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/LondonTowerHamlets.svg/200px-LondonTowerHamlets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane" title="Brick Lane">Brick Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Spitalfields" title="Christ Church, Spitalfields">Christ Church, Spitalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Severs%27_House" title="Dennis Severs' House">Dennis Severs' House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Smithfield" title="East Smithfield">East Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Island,_London" title="Fish Island, London">Fish Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournier_Street" title="Fournier Street">Fournier Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Museum_Docklands" title="London Museum Docklands">London Museum Docklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Immigration_and_Diversity" title="Museum of Immigration and Diversity">Museum of Immigration and Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragged_School_Museum" title="Ragged School Museum">Ragged School Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_London_Hospital#Royal_London_Museum_and_Archives" title="Royal London Hospital">Royal London Museum and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Museum" title="Jack the Ripper Museum">Jack the Ripper Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Docks" title="St Katharine Docks">St Katharine Docks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitalfields_City_Farm" title="Spitalfields City Farm">Spitalfields City Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney_City_Farm" title="Stepney City Farm">Stepney City Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traitors%27_Gate" title="Traitors' Gate">Traitors' Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Gallery" title="Whitechapel Gallery">Whitechapel Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Street markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane_Market" title="Brick Lane Market">Brick Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Road_Flower_Market" title="Columbia Road Flower Market">Columbia Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spitalfields_Market" title="Old Spitalfields Market">Old Spitalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Road,_London#Roman_Road_(area)#Roman_Road_Market" title="Roman Road, London">Roman Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Parks and open spaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altab_Ali_Park" title="Altab Ali Park">Altab Ali Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Park" title="Bartlett Park">Bartlett Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Gardens" title="Island Gardens">Island Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langdon_Park,_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langdon Park, London (page does not exist)">Langdon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Park" title="Mile End Park">Mile End Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudchute_Park_and_Farm" title="Mudchute Park and Farm">Mudchute Park and Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_McDougall_Gardens" title="Sir John McDougall Gardens">Sir John McDougall Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_Cemetery_Park" title="Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park">Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">London borough council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Mayor of Tower Hamlets">Directly elected mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of mayors of Tower Hamlets">Civic mayor/speaker of council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_constituencies_in_London" title="Parliamentary constituencies in London">Constituencies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_and_Bow_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bethnal Green and Bow (UK Parliament constituency)">Bethnal Green and Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_and_Limehouse_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Poplar and Limehouse (UK Parliament constituency)">Poplar and Limehouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_London" title="List of bridges in London">Bridges and tunnels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackwall_Tunnel" title="Blackwall Tunnel">Blackwall Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_foot_tunnel" title="Greenwich foot tunnel">Greenwich foot tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotherhithe_Tunnel" title="Rotherhithe Tunnel">Rotherhithe Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Transport">Tube and rail stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aldgate_East_tube_station" title="Aldgate East tube station">Aldgate East</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_DLR_station" title="All Saints DLR station">All Saints</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_tube_station" title="Bethnal Green tube station">Bethnal Green</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground"><img alt="London Overground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_railway_station" title="Bethnal Green railway station">Bethnal Green</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Blackwall_DLR_station" title="Blackwall DLR station">Blackwall</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bow_Church_DLR_station" title="Bow Church DLR station">Bow Church</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bow_Road_tube_station" title="Bow Road tube station">Bow Road</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bromley-by-Bow_tube_station" title="Bromley-by-Bow tube station">Bromley-by-Bow</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground"><img alt="London Overground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Heath_railway_station" title="Cambridge Heath railway station">Cambridge Heath</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_DLR_station" title="Canary Wharf DLR station">Canary Wharf (DLR)</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line"><img alt="Elizabeth Line" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="416" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_railway_station" title="Canary Wharf railway station">Canary Wharf (Elizabeth line)</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf_tube_station" title="Canary Wharf tube station">Canary Wharf (tube)</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crossharbour_DLR_station" title="Crossharbour DLR station">Crossharbour</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Devons_Road_DLR_station" title="Devons Road DLR station">Devons Road</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/East_India_DLR_station" title="East India DLR station">East India</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Heron_Quays_DLR_station" title="Heron Quays DLR station">Heron Quays</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Island_Gardens_DLR_station" title="Island Gardens DLR station">Island Gardens</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Langdon_Park_DLR_station" title="Langdon Park DLR station">Langdon Park</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail"><img alt="National Rail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Limehouse_station" title="Limehouse station">Limehouse</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_tube_station" title="Mile End tube station">Mile End</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mudchute_DLR_station" title="Mudchute DLR station">Mudchute</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Poplar_DLR_station" title="Poplar DLR station">Poplar</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground"><img alt="London Overground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shadwell_railway_station" title="Shadwell railway station">Shadwell</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shadwell_DLR_station" title="Shadwell DLR station">Shadwell</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Quay_DLR_station" title="South Quay DLR station">South Quay</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Stepney_Green_tube_station" title="Stepney Green tube station">Stepney Green</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tower_Gateway_DLR_station" title="Tower Gateway DLR station">Tower Gateway</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill_tube_station" title="Tower Hill tube station">Tower Hill</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground"><img alt="London Overground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wapping_railway_station" title="Wapping railway station">Wapping</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/West_India_Quay_DLR_station" title="West India Quay DLR station">West India Quay</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway"><img alt="Docklands Light Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-DLR_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Westferry_DLR_station" title="Westferry DLR station">Westferry</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground"><img alt="London Overground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line"><img alt="Elizabeth Line" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="416" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_station" title="Whitechapel station">Whitechapel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_and_II*_listed_buildings_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Grade I and II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Grade I and II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of people from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of schools in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Category:London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governance_of_Greater_London175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Template:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Template talk:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governance_of_Greater_London175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governance of <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>City of London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_City_of_London" title="Lord Lieutenant of the City of London">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheriffs of the City of London">Sheriffs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greater London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant_of_Greater_London" title="Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_London" title="High Sheriff of Greater London">High Sheriff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_Councils" title="London Councils">London Councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">Boroughs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_London_boroughs" title="List of London boroughs">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley" title="London Borough of Bexley">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Brent" title="London Borough of Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bromley" title="London Borough of Bromley">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing" title="London Borough of Ealing">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Enfield" title="London Borough of Enfield">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Havering" title="London Borough of Havering">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hounslow" title="London Borough of Hounslow">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Islington" title="London Borough of Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="London Borough of Lewisham">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Sutton" title="London Borough of Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest" title="London Borough of Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporation of the City of London">City of London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(MBW) 1855–1889</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(LCC) 1889–1965</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(GLC) 1965–1986</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_London_government" title="List of heads of London government">Leaders</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208152#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata627" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208152#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata627" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208152#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404279467">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1135164290">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0597b915-cb5c-454e-9d6f-7cfffd69b0f6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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