Neuroscience | Psychology Today United Kingdom

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <title>Neuroscience | Psychology Today United Kingdom</title>  <script> dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script>  <meta charset="utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" /> <meta name="description" content="Neuroscience examines the structure and function of the human brain and nervous system. Neuroscientists use cellular and molecular biology, anatomy and physiology, human behavior and cognition, and other disciplines, to map the brain at a mechanistic level." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neuroscience" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Psychology Today" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neuroscience" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Neuroscience" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Neuroscience examines the structure and function of the human brain and nervous system. Neuroscientists use cellular and molecular biology, anatomy and physiology, human behavior and cognition, and other disciplines, to map the brain at a mechanistic level." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/magazine_384x504/public/magazine/2024-12/2025-01.png.jpg?itok=m79gU9iw" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="220580041311284" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#191C1F" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#F2F2F2" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" /> <meta name="alexaVerifyID" content="ruuD3Gzrr-EaY185APFbxF69Va4" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="G-wasBQCXXJoehIaVW5BsO9VYKt4oqmWGo155wSSakQ" /> <meta name="y_key" content="0f29d521db0a2863" /> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="9AD6650A37790044983CFB6B27D77607" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Psych Today" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "WebPage", "dateCreated": "2009-11-16T16:39:17-0500", "dateModified": "2023-10-03T15:44:50-0400", "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neuroscience", "url": "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neuroscience", "name": "Neuroscience", "alternateName": [ "Neuroscience", "Brain Science" ], "about": { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Neuroscience" }, "mainEntity": { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics", "name": "Neuroscience", "url": "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neuroscience" }, "mainContentOfPage": { "@type": "WebPageElement", "name": "What Is Neuroscience?", "text": "Neuroscience examines the structure and function of the human brain and nervous system. Neuroscientists use cellular and molecular biology, anatomy and physiology, human behavior and cognition, and other disciplines, to map the brain at a mechanistic level.\r\n\r\nHumans have an estimated hundred billion neurons, or brain cells, each with about a thousand connections to other cells. One of the great challenges of modern neuroscience is to map out all the networks of cell-to-cell communication鈥攖he brain circuits that process all thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The resulting picture, emerging bit by bit, is known as \u0022the connectome.\u0022 The ability of the brain to elaborate new connections and neuronal circuits鈥攏europlasticity鈥攗nderlies all learning.\r\n\r\nBiology and psychology unite in the field of  neuroscience, to tackle questions such as the brain鈥檚 role in pain perception or the underlying cause of Parkinson鈥檚 disease. Computer simulations, imaging, and other tools give researchers and medical experts new insight into the physical anatomy of the brain, its five million kilometers of wiring, and its relationship to the rest of the mind and body.\r\n" }, "relatedLink": [ "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/artificial-intelligence", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/cognition", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/hormones", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/memory", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/mirror-neurons", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neurodiversity", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neurological-assessment", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/neuroplasticity", "https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/nootropics" ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Psychology Today", "url": "https://www.psychologytoday.com", "logo": 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<article data-history-node-id="54021" class="center--basic--full center-page"> <div class="content-header d-flex reference-header"> <div class="content-header--text"> <h1 class="reference__title section-title">What Is Neuroscience?</h1> <p class="reference__review-info fine-print"> <a href="/gb/docs/editorial-process" class="reference__review-info-link"> <span class="reference__review-info-icon"></span> <span class="reference__review-info-text">Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff</span> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="reference__body"> <div class="field-name-body"> <p>Neuroscience examines the structure and function of the human brain and nervous system. Neuroscientists use cellular and molecular biology, anatomy and physiology, human behavior and <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/cognition" title="Psychology Today looks at cognition" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-GB">cognition</a>, and other disciplines, to map the brain at a mechanistic level.</p> <p>Humans have an estimated hundred billion neurons, or brain cells, each with about a thousand connections to other cells. One of the great challenges of modern neuroscience is to map out all the networks of cell-to-cell communication—the brain circuits that process all thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The resulting picture, emerging bit by bit, is known as "the connectome." The ability of the brain to elaborate new connections and neuronal circuits—neuroplasticity—underlies all learning.</p> <p>Biology and psychology unite in the field of neuroscience, to tackle questions such as the brain’s role in pain perception or the underlying cause of Parkinson’s disease. Computer simulations, imaging, and other tools give researchers and medical experts new insight into the physical anatomy of the brain, its five million kilometers of wiring, and its relationship to the rest of the mind and body.</p> </div> </div> <div class="reference__sections"> <div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div class="h2 section-title"> How Neuroscience Helps Us Understand the Mind and Brain </div> <div class="section__body"> <article> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/manual_crop_1_1_180x180/public/2020-09/shutterstock_529299211_0.jpg?itok=LWMZRatC" width="180" height="180" alt="whiteMocca/shutterstock" title="whiteMocca/shutterstock" /> </article> <p>Just as computers are hard-wired with electrical connections, the brain is hard-wired with neural connections. These connections link together its various lobes and also link sensory input and motor output with the brain’s message centers, allowing information to come in and be sent back out.</p> <p>One major aim of current neuroscience research, then, is to study how this wiring works and what happens when it's damaged. New developments in brain scanning allow researchers to see more detailed images and determine not only where there may be damage but also how that damage affects, for instance, motor skills and cognitive behavior in conditions like multiple sclerosis and <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/dementia" title="Psychology Today looks at dementia" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-GB">dementia</a>.</p> <p>A rapidly expanding discipline, neuroscience findings have grown by leaps and bounds over the past half-century. More work, however, will always be needed to fully understand the neural roots of human behavior, consciousness, and <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/memory" title="Psychology Today looks at memory" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-GB">memory</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pt-ad pt-ad--300x250 d-block d-none d-md-block d-lg-none block" id="block-ad-subpage-300x250-programmatically-rendered"> <div class="pt-ad--container pt-ad-show-text"> <div class="pt-ad--text"> <span>article continues after advertisement</span> </div> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9" class="pt-ad--content"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (!window.ptAdSlots || window.ptAdSlots.length === 0) { window.ptAdSlots = []; } window.ptAdSlots.push('div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9') </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="center--next_page_link d-flex"> <a href="/gb/basics/neuroscience/areas-the-brain" title="Areas of the Brain">Next: Areas of the Brain</a> <div class="center--next_page_arrow"></div> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-11380d8df049a9e8f6923aabd2833107533643a24fbfe088fd16bcdb2b72c6e2"> <section class="basics--essential-reads"> <div class="h2 page-section-header">Essential Reads</div> <div class="teaser--card-inset-details--row"> <article class="teaser--card-inset-details blog_entry--teaser--card-inset-details" data-nid="5030494"> <div class="card-inset-details__image"> <a href="/gb/blog/long-fuse-big-bang/202502/brace-for-a-big-shock-about-your-perception-of-reality"><img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/manual_crop_3_2_600x400/public/teaser_image/blog_entry/2025-02/GPTBRAIN.png.jpg?itok=EljLTs9y" width="600" height="400" alt="" title="Eric Haseltine using DallE-3" /> </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__body"> <div class="card-inset-details__title"> <a href="/gb/blog/long-fuse-big-bang/202502/brace-for-a-big-shock-about-your-perception-of-reality" title="Brace for a Big Shock About Your Perception of Reality "> Brace for a Big Shock About Your Perception of Reality </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__teaser-text"> Why predicting what will happen is more important than reporting what did happen. </div> </div> </article> <article class="teaser--card-inset-details blog_entry--teaser--card-inset-details" data-nid="5030402"> <div class="card-inset-details__image"> <a href="/gb/blog/what-to-do-as-you-grow-older/202502/a-suggested-revolution-in-parkinsons-research"><img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/manual_crop_3_2_600x400/public/field_blog_entry_images/2025-02/Crazy%20Scientist_m_52291388.jpg?itok=UoaIShJe" width="600" height="400" alt="" title="ID 52291388 | Crazy Researcher 漏 Bowie15 | Dreamstime" /> </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__body"> <div class="card-inset-details__title"> <a href="/gb/blog/what-to-do-as-you-grow-older/202502/a-suggested-revolution-in-parkinsons-research" title="A Suggested Revolution in Parkinson鈥檚 Research"> A Suggested Revolution in Parkinson鈥檚 Research </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__teaser-text"> We spend billions searching for the cures to chronic illnesses while neglecting research that could make the daily lives of those afflicted significantly better. </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="teaser--card-inset-details--row"> <article class="teaser--card-inset-details blog_entry--teaser--card-inset-details" data-nid="5030273"> <div class="card-inset-details__image"> <a href="/gb/blog/brain-behavior-and-beauty/202502/how-art-can-enhance-science"><img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/manual_crop_3_2_600x400/public/teaser_image/blog_entry/2025-02/Bonacina1790.png.jpg?itok=6uNw7i0Q" width="600" height="400" alt="" title="Featured on PDR in the collection The Surreal Art of Alchemical Diagrams" /> </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__body"> <div class="card-inset-details__title"> <a href="/gb/blog/brain-behavior-and-beauty/202502/how-art-can-enhance-science" title="How Art Can Enhance Science"> How Art Can Enhance Science </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__teaser-text"> Art and science can be aligned in different ways. We describe one use of art as a tool: using ambiguity to evoke curiosity. </div> </div> </article> <article class="teaser--card-inset-details blog_entry--teaser--card-inset-details" data-nid="5030195"> <div class="card-inset-details__image"> <a href="/gb/blog/an-interpersonal-lens/202502/the-neuroscience-of-dissociation"><img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/manual_crop_3_2_600x400/public/teaser_image/blog_entry/2025-02/pexels-jersy-4333559.jpg?itok=GavXh5Zn" width="600" height="400" alt="" title="Jessica Ticozzelli/Pexels" /> </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__body"> <div class="card-inset-details__title"> <a href="/gb/blog/an-interpersonal-lens/202502/the-neuroscience-of-dissociation" title="The Neuroscience of Dissociation"> The Neuroscience of Dissociation </a> </div> <div class="card-inset-details__teaser-text"> Dissociation is the brain鈥檚 defense against overwhelming stress, involving altered brain regions, neurotransmitters, and hormones. Dissociation can impair emotions and memories. </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="h2 page-section-header page-section-header--with-divider">Recent Posts</div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-a419a578b4a898637df2a32732c3798602403db723455e3b1be7235d9f826a94 layout-container--grid--content-main-additional basics--recent-posts"> <div class="layout-content-main"> <div class="teaser-listing-item"> <article class="teaser teaser-lg blog-entry--teaser" data-nid="5031050"> <div class="teaser-lg--main"> <div class="teaser-lg__image"> <a href="/gb/blog/bodhisattva-wannabe/202502/mondegreens-when-lyrics-play-tricks-on-your-mind"><img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/manual_crop_1_1_288x288/public/teaser_image/blog_entry/2025-02/pexels-alec-29298514.jpg?itok=qtjToicp" width="288" height="288" alt="" title="Alec Adriano / Pexels" /> </a> </div> <div class="teaser-lg__details"> <div class="h2 teaser-lg__title"> <a href="/gb/blog/bodhisattva-wannabe/202502/mondegreens-when-lyrics-play-tricks-on-your-mind" rel="bookmark">Mondegreens: When Lyrics Play Tricks on Your Mind</a> </div> <p class="teaser-lg__summary teaser-lg__teaser--desktop"> Do you find yourself mishearing lyrics? 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