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href="#Confirmed_tornadoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Confirmed tornadoes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Confirmed_tornadoes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Confirmed tornadoes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Confirmed_tornadoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Depauw–Daisy_Hill,_Indiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depauw–Daisy_Hill,_Indiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Depauw–Daisy Hill, Indiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depauw–Daisy_Hill,_Indiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xenia,_Ohio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xenia,_Ohio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Xenia, Ohio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xenia,_Ohio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monticello_tornado_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monticello_tornado_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Monticello tornado family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monticello_tornado_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Otterbein–Monticello–Wolcottville,_Indiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Otterbein–Monticello–Wolcottville,_Indiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Otterbein–Monticello–Wolcottville, Indiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Otterbein–Monticello–Wolcottville,_Indiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanover/Madison,_Indiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanover/Madison,_Indiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Hanover/Madison, Indiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanover/Madison,_Indiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brandenburg,_Kentucky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandenburg,_Kentucky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Brandenburg, Kentucky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandenburg,_Kentucky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cincinnati/Sayler_Park,_Ohio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cincinnati/Sayler_Park,_Ohio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Cincinnati/Sayler Park, Ohio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cincinnati/Sayler_Park,_Ohio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louisville,_Kentucky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louisville,_Kentucky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Louisville, Kentucky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louisville,_Kentucky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanner,_Alabama_(1st_tornado)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanner,_Alabama_(1st_tornado)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Tanner, Alabama (1st tornado)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanner,_Alabama_(1st_tornado)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jasper/Cullman,_Alabama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jasper/Cullman,_Alabama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Jasper/Cullman, Alabama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jasper/Cullman,_Alabama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanner,_Alabama_(2nd_tornado)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanner,_Alabama_(2nd_tornado)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Tanner, Alabama (2nd tornado)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanner,_Alabama_(2nd_tornado)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guin,_Alabama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guin,_Alabama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Guin, Alabama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guin,_Alabama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huntsville,_Alabama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huntsville,_Alabama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Huntsville, Alabama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huntsville,_Alabama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-tornadic_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-tornadic_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Non-tornadic effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-tornadic_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tornado outbreaks in the U.S. and Canada</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1267561331">.mw-parser-output .ib-weather-event .infobox-header>.nowrap{margin:0 8px}</style><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">1974 Super Outbreak</caption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Super_Outbreak,_1974_(50700829457).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Super_Outbreak%2C_1974_%2850700829457%29.jpg/220px-The_Super_Outbreak%2C_1974_%2850700829457%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Super_Outbreak%2C_1974_%2850700829457%29.jpg/330px-The_Super_Outbreak%2C_1974_%2850700829457%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Super_Outbreak%2C_1974_%2850700829457%29.jpg/440px-The_Super_Outbreak%2C_1974_%2850700829457%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A satelite imagery of the system that produced the outbreak as it started.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3–4, 1974</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tornado outbreak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tornadoes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tornadoes_in_the_1974_Super_Outbreak" title="List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak">148 confirmed</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum rating</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F5 tornado</a></td></tr><tr aria-hidden="true"></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data">335 fatalities<sup id="cite_ref-Corfidi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corfidi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$600 million (1974 USD)<br />$3.97 billion (2024 USD)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwestern">Midwestern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario, Canada">Ontario, Canada</a></td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />Part of the <b><a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_of_1974" title="Tornadoes of 1974">tornado outbreaks of 1974</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>1974 Super Outbreak</b> was the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak" title="Tornado outbreak">tornado outbreak</a> on record for a single 24-hour period, just behind the <a href="/wiki/2011_Super_Outbreak" title="2011 Super Outbreak">2011 Super Outbreak</a>. It was also the most violent tornado outbreak ever recorded, with 30 <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">violent (F4 or F5 rated)</a> tornadoes confirmed. From April 3–4, 1974, there were 148 tornadoes confirmed in 13 <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. states</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian province">Canadian province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, the tornadoes struck <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. The outbreak caused roughly $600 million <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a> (equivalent to $3.71 billion in 2023) in damage.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outbreak extensively damaged approximately 900 sq mi (2,331 km<sup>2</sup>) along a total combined path length of 2,600 mi (4,184 km).<sup id="cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbeyFujita-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-so_report_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-so_report-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one point, as many as 15 separate tornadoes were occurring simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbeyFujita-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ForbesConference-1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForbesConference-1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1974 Super Outbreak was the first tornado outbreak in recorded history to produce more than 100 tornadoes in under a 24-hour period, a feat that was not repeated globally until the <a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_tornado_outbreak" title="1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak">1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the United States until the <a href="/wiki/2011_Super_Outbreak" title="2011 Super Outbreak">2011 Super Outbreak</a>. In 2023, tornado expert <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Grazulis" title="Thomas P. Grazulis">Thomas P. Grazulis</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Outbreak_intensity_score" class="mw-redirect" title="Outbreak intensity score">outbreak intensity score</a> (OIS) as a way to rank various tornado outbreaks. The 1974 Super Outbreak received an OIS of 578, making it the most intense tornado outbreak in recorded history.<sup id="cite_ref-GrazulisBook_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrazulisBook-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meteorological_synopsis">Meteorological synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meteorological synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;float:right;"> <caption>Fatalities by state/province </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">State/province </th> <th scope="col">Fatalities </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> </th> <td align="right">77 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </th> <td align="right">16 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </th> <td align="right">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </th> <td align="right">47 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </th> <td align="right">71 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> </th> <td align="right">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </th> <td align="right">6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </th> <td align="right">38 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </th> <td align="right">9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </th> <td align="right">45 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </th> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#e6e9ff;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </th> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row">Total </th> <td align="right">319 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sfc1974040400z.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sfc1974040400z.png/220px-Sfc1974040400z.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sfc1974040400z.png/330px-Sfc1974040400z.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sfc1974040400z.png/440px-Sfc1974040400z.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Surface analysis at 6 pm CDT on April 3, as drawn by the National Meteorological Center</figcaption></figure> <p>A powerful springtime low pressure system developed across the <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> <a href="/wiki/Interior_Plains" title="Interior Plains">Interior Plains</a> on <a href="/wiki/April_Fool%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="April Fool's Day">April 1</a>. While moving into the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi River Valley">Mississippi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Valley">Ohio Valley</a> areas, a surge of unusually moist air intensified the storm further, while there were sharp temperature contrasts between both sides of the system. Officials at <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> forecast offices were expecting a severe weather outbreak on April 3, but not to the extent that ultimately occurred. Several F2 and F3 tornadoes had struck portions of the Ohio Valley and the South in a separate, earlier outbreak on April 1 and 2, which included three killer tornadoes in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>. The town of <a href="/wiki/Campbellsburg,_Kentucky" title="Campbellsburg, Kentucky">Campbellsburg</a>, northeast of Louisville, was hard-hit in this earlier outbreak, with a large portion of the town destroyed by an F3.<sup id="cite_ref-NWSLouisville-1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWSLouisville-1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the two outbreaks, an additional tornado was reported in Indiana in the early morning hours of April 3, several hours before the official start of the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Wednesday, April 3, severe weather watches already were issued from the morning from south of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, while in portions of the Upper Midwest, snow was reported, with heavy rain falling across central Michigan and much of Ontario.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jet_stream_Super_Outbreak.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jet_stream_Super_Outbreak.gif/300px-Jet_stream_Super_Outbreak.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jet_stream_Super_Outbreak.gif/450px-Jet_stream_Super_Outbreak.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Jet_stream_Super_Outbreak.gif 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Upper-level winds during the Super Outbreak</figcaption></figure> <p>By 12:00 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> on April 3, a large-scale <a href="/wiki/Trough_(meteorology)" title="Trough (meteorology)">trough</a> extended over most of the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a>, with several modest <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_(meteorology)" title="Shortwave (meteorology)">shortwaves</a> rotating around the broad base of the trough. The <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">mid-latitude</a> <a href="/wiki/Low-pressure_area" title="Low-pressure area">low-pressure center</a> over Kansas continued to deepen to 980 mb (28.94 inHg), and wind speeds at the <a href="/wiki/Geopotential_height" title="Geopotential height">850-mb</a> level increased to 50 kn (58 mph) (25.7 m/s (93 km/h)) over portions of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, Mississippi, and Alabama. Due to significant moisture <a href="/wiki/Advection#meteorology" title="Advection">advection</a>, destabilization rapidly proceeded apace; the warm front near the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a> <a href="/wiki/Frontolysis" title="Frontolysis">dissipated</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Frontogenesis" title="Frontogenesis">redeveloped</a> northward over the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> valley. Consequently, <a href="/wiki/Convective_available_potential_energy#Example_from_meteorology" title="Convective available potential energy">CAPE</a> levels in the region rose to 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_kilogram-kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joule per kilogram-kelvin">J/kg</a>. However, a warm temperature plume in the <a href="/wiki/Mixed_layer#Atmospheric_mixed_layer_formation" title="Mixed layer">elevated mixed layer</a> kept <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a> from initiating at the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-CorfidiConference_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorfidiConference-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, a large <a href="/wiki/Mesoscale_convective_system" title="Mesoscale convective system">mesoscale convective system</a> (MCS) that had developed overnight in <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> continued to strengthen due to strong environmental <a href="/wiki/Lapse_rate#Environmental_lapse_rate" title="Lapse rate">lapse rates</a>. Later in the day, strong daytime heating caused instability to further rise. By 18:00 UTC, CAPE values in excess of 2,500 J/kg were present over the lower Ohio and the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Valley">Mississippi Valley</a>. As wind speeds in the troposphere increased, <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_scale_meteorology" title="Synoptic scale meteorology">Large-scale</a> <a href="/wiki/Momentum" title="Momentum">lifting</a> overspread the <a href="/wiki/Warm_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Warm sector">warm sector</a>. At the same time, the forward-propagating MCS spread into the Tennessee and Ohio valleys, where it evolved into the first of three main <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_convection" title="Atmospheric convection">convection</a> bands that produced tornadoes.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first convective band moved rapidly northeast, at times reaching speeds of about 60 kn (69 mph) (30.9 m/s (111 km/h)).<sup id="cite_ref-CorfidiConference_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorfidiConference-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, thunderstorm activity, for the moment, remained mostly elevated in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm/220px--1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="170" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="622" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="932" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1056" data-height="816" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="186" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="310" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="466" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm/1974SuperOutbreakMarseillesRadar.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="466" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>WSR-57 radar imagery of Illinois and Indiana during the outbreak</figcaption></figure> <p>By 16:30 UTC, the large MCS began to splinter into two sections: the southern part slowed, lagging into southeast Tennessee, while the northern part accelerated, reaching Pennsylvania by 19:30 UTC. The split was related to several factors, including a band of <a href="/wiki/Subsidence_(atmosphere)" title="Subsidence (atmosphere)">subsidence</a> over eastern Kentucky and western West Virginia; local <a href="/wiki/Katabatic_wind#Theory" title="Katabatic wind">downslope</a> winds over the Appalachians; and an <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)#Subsidence_inversion" title="Inversion (meteorology)">inversion</a> over the same area. These factors allowed the northern part of the MCS to accelerate due to efficient <a href="/wiki/Ducting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducting">ducting</a>, while the southern part slowed as the <a href="/wiki/Boundary_layer" title="Boundary layer">boundary layer</a> warmed and moistened.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous surface-based <a href="/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">supercells</a> began to develop in the southern area, beginning with one that produced an F3 tornado at about 16:30 UTC near <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Tennessee" title="Cleveland, Tennessee">Cleveland, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CorfidiConference_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorfidiConference-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, a new band of scattered thunderstorms developed at 15:00 UTC over eastern Arkansas and Missouri; over the next four hours, this band became the focus for several intense supercells, starting in eastern Illinois and southern Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of the MCS, backing low-level winds, rapid diurnal destabilization, and perhaps cool, mid-level <a href="/wiki/Advection#Meteorology" title="Advection">advection</a> had occurred over the warm sector, weakening the <a href="/wiki/Convective_inhibition" title="Convective inhibition">convective inhibition</a> (CINH) layer, and favorable wind profiles bolstered <a href="/wiki/Hydrodynamical_helicity#Meteorology" title="Hydrodynamical helicity">helicity</a> to over 230 m<sup>2</sup>/s²—a combination of factors conducive to <a href="/wiki/Tornadogenesis" title="Tornadogenesis">tornadogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CorfidiConference_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorfidiConference-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the storms increased in intensity and coverage as they moved into Illinois, Indiana, and northern Kentucky, producing several tornadoes, including the first F5 tornado of the day, at 19:20 UTC, near <a href="/wiki/Depauw,_Indiana" title="Depauw, Indiana">Depauw, Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of the storms to form between 19:20 and 20:20 UTC became significant, long-lived supercells, producing many strong or violent tornadoes,<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including three F5s at Depauw; <a href="/wiki/Xenia,_Ohio" title="Xenia, Ohio">Xenia, Ohio</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg,_Kentucky" title="Brandenburg, Kentucky">Brandenburg, Kentucky</a>. These storms formed the second of three convective bands to generate tornadoes.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While violent tornado activity increased over the warm sector, a third band of convection developed at about 16:00 UTC and extended from near St. Louis into west-central Illinois. Based upon real-time satellite imagery and model data, differential <a href="/wiki/Positive_vorticity_advection" title="Positive vorticity advection">positive vorticity advection</a> coincided with the left exit region of an upper-level <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet streak</a> which reached wind speeds of up to 130 kn (150 mph) (66.9 m/s (241 km/h)), thereby enhancing thunderstorm growth.<sup id="cite_ref-CorfidiConference_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorfidiConference-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storms grew rapidly in height and extent, producing baseball-sized hail by 17:20 UTC in Illinois and, shortly thereafter, in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, which reported a very <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">severe thunderstorm</a> early in the afternoon that, while not producing a tornado, was the costliest storm to hit the city up to that time.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 19:50 UTC, supercells producing F3 tornadoes hit the <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a> areas in Illinois. As thunderstorms moved into the warmer, moister air mass over eastern Illinois and Indiana, they produced longer-lived tornadoes—one of which began near <a href="/wiki/Otterbein,_Indiana" title="Otterbein, Indiana">Otterbein</a> and ended near <a href="/wiki/Valentine,_Indiana" title="Valentine, Indiana">Valentine</a> in Indiana, a distance of 121 miles (195 km).<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CorfidiConference_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorfidiConference-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, by 00:00 UTC the southern half of the first convective band became indistinguishable from new convection that had formed farther south over Alabama and Tennessee in connection with convective band two. In this area, increasing west-southwesterly <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear#Where_and_when_it_is_strongly_observed" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a> at all levels of the troposphere, juxtaposed over near-parallel <a href="/wiki/Outflow_boundary" title="Outflow boundary">outflow boundaries</a>, allowed successive supercells, all producing strong, long-tracked tornadoes, to develop unconstrained by their outflow in a broad region from eastern <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> to southern <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CordifiAMS_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CordifiAMS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These storms, forming after 23:00 UTC, produced some of the most powerful tornadoes of the outbreak, including a large and long-tracked F4 that struck the western and central portions of <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, tracking for just over 110 miles (180 km), two F5s that both slammed into <a href="/wiki/Tanner,_Alabama" title="Tanner, Alabama">Tanner</a>, causing extensive fatalities, an extremely potent F5 that devastated <a href="/wiki/Guin" class="mw-redirect" title="Guin">Guin</a> in Alabama, and multiple violent, deadly tornadoes that affected and caused fatalities in Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-CorfidiConference_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorfidiConference-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Michigan was not hit as hard as neighboring states or Windsor, with only one deadly tornado that hit near <a href="/wiki/Coldwater,_Michigan" title="Coldwater, Michigan">Coldwater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillsdale,_Michigan" title="Hillsdale, Michigan">Hillsdale</a>, killing people in mobile homes; however, thunderstorm downpours caused flash floods, and north of the warm front in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Peninsula">Upper Peninsula</a>, heavy snowfall was reported. Activity in the south moved towards the Appalachians during the overnight hours and produced the final tornadoes across the southeast during the morning of April 4.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of studies by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_T._Fujita" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetsuya T. Fujita">Tetsuya T. Fujita</a> in 1974–75—which were later cited in a 2004 survey by Risk Management Solutions—found that three-quarters of all tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak were produced by 30 '<a href="/wiki/Tornado_family" title="Tornado family">families</a>' of tornadoes—multiple tornadoes spawned in succession by a single thunderstorm cell.<sup id="cite_ref-so_report_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-so_report-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of these were long-lived and long-tracked individual supercells.<sup id="cite_ref-FujitaWeatherwise_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FujitaWeatherwise-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confirmed_tornadoes">Confirmed tornadoes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Confirmed tornadoes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map.jpg/220px-1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map.jpg/330px-1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map.jpg/440px-1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3315" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Paths of the 148 tornadoes<br />generated in United States during the 1974 Super Outbreak. One tornado was deconfirmed and determined to be a microburst.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SPC_%E2%80%94_1974_Super_Outbreak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SPC_%E2%80%94_1974_Super_Outbreak.jpg/220px-SPC_%E2%80%94_1974_Super_Outbreak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SPC_%E2%80%94_1974_Super_Outbreak.jpg/330px-SPC_%E2%80%94_1974_Super_Outbreak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SPC_%E2%80%94_1974_Super_Outbreak.jpg/440px-SPC_%E2%80%94_1974_Super_Outbreak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>A graphic made by the <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a> on the 50th anniversary of the Super Outbreak</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_Super_Outbreak_1974-04-03_21_GMT.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Satellite_Super_Outbreak_1974-04-03_21_GMT.gif/220px-Satellite_Super_Outbreak_1974-04-03_21_GMT.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Satellite_Super_Outbreak_1974-04-03_21_GMT.gif/330px-Satellite_Super_Outbreak_1974-04-03_21_GMT.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Satellite_Super_Outbreak_1974-04-03_21_GMT.gif/440px-Satellite_Super_Outbreak_1974-04-03_21_GMT.gif 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Super Outbreak storm system at 21:00 UTC on April 3.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tornadoes_in_the_1974_Super_Outbreak" title="List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak">List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="white-space:nowrap">Confirmed tornadoes by <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita rating</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background:#C0C0C0">FU </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#4DFFFF">F0 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FFFFD9">F1 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FFD98C">F2 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FF9E59">F3 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FF738A">F4 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#A188FC">F5 </th> <th scope="col">Total </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">0 </td> <td style="background:#4DFFFF">12 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFD9">38 </td> <td style="background:#FFD98C">34 </td> <td style="background:#FF9E59">34* </td> <td style="background:#FF738A">23 </td> <td style="background:#A188FC">7 </td> <td>148 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><b>Note:</b> An F3 tornado was confirmed in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.</li></ul> <p>This tornado outbreak produced the most violent (<a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F5</a>) tornadoes ever observed in a single tornado outbreak. There were seven F5 tornadoes<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 23 F4 tornadoes. More than 100 tornadoes associated with 33 <a href="/wiki/Tornado_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado families">tornado families</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbeyFujita-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first tornado of the outbreak is disputed, with some sources indicating an isolated F2 in Indiana at 13:30 UTC while Fujita marked the outbreak's onset at 18:10 UTC with an F0 in Illinois. As the storm system moved east where daytime heating had made the air more unstable, the tornadoes grew more intense. A tornado that struck near <a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Indiana" title="Monticello, Indiana">Monticello, Indiana</a> was an F4 and had a path length of 121 miles (195 km), the longest path length of any tornado for this outbreak. A total of 19 people were killed in this tornado.<sup id="cite_ref-severe_plot_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-severe_plot-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first F5 tornado of the day struck the city of <a href="/wiki/Depauw,_Indiana" title="Depauw, Indiana">Depauw, Indiana</a>, at 3:20 pm EDT. It killed 6 and injured 86 others along its 65-mile path, leveling and sweeping away homes in <a href="/wiki/Depauw,_Indiana" title="Depauw, Indiana">Depauw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Hill,_Indiana" title="Daisy Hill, Indiana">Daisy Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven F5 tornadoes were observed—one each in Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky, three in Alabama and the final one which crossed through parts of Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky. Thirty-one people were killed in <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg,_Kentucky" title="Brandenburg, Kentucky">Brandenburg, Kentucky</a>, and 28 died in <a href="/wiki/Guin,_Alabama" title="Guin, Alabama">Guin, Alabama</a>. An F3 tornado also occurred in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, killing nine and injuring 30 others there, all of them at the former Windsor Curling Club.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 18 hours of nearly continuous tornado activity that ended in <a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_North_Carolina" title="Caldwell County, North Carolina">Caldwell County, North Carolina</a>, at about 7:00 am on April 4. A total of 319 were killed in 148 tornadoes from April 3 through April 4 and 5,484 were injured. </p><p>The 1974 Super Outbreak occurred at the end of a very strong, nearly record-setting <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a> event. The 1973–74 La Niña was just as strong as the 1998–99 La Niña. Despite the apparent connection between La Niña and two of the largest tornado outbreaks in United States history, no definitive linkage exists between La Niña and this outbreak or tornado activity in general.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Tornado_myths" title="Tornado myths">tornado myths</a> were soundly debunked (not necessarily for the first time) by tornado activity during the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-publicaffairs.noaa.gov_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publicaffairs.noaa.gov-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depauw–Daisy_Hill,_Indiana"><span id="Depauw.E2.80.93Daisy_Hill.2C_Indiana"></span>Depauw–Daisy Hill, Indiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Depauw–Daisy Hill, Indiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Depauw-Daisy Hill, Indiana</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Depauw_F5_Tornado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Depauw_F5_Tornado.jpg/220px-Depauw_F5_Tornado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Depauw_F5_Tornado.jpg/330px-Depauw_F5_Tornado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Depauw_F5_Tornado.jpg/440px-Depauw_F5_Tornado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The tornado near Depauw, Indiana.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 3:20 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 4:29 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">69 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F5 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">6 fatalities, 86 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>Of the F5 tornadoes produced by the outbreak, the Depauw-Daisy Hill tornado was the first to form, touching down at 3:20 pm local time. It is probably the least-known of the F5 tornadoes in the outbreak as it traveled through rural areas in southern Indiana northwest of <a href="/wiki/Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville">Louisville</a>, traversing about 65 miles (105 km) through parts of <a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Indiana" title="Perry County, Indiana">Perry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Indiana" title="Harrison County, Indiana">Harrison</a> Counties. F5 damage was observed near the community of <a href="/wiki/Depauw,_Indiana" title="Depauw, Indiana">Depauw</a>, where numerous farms were leveled. Areas near <a href="/wiki/Palmyra,_Indiana" title="Palmyra, Indiana">Palmyra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borden,_Indiana" title="Borden, Indiana">Borden</a> were also heavily affected by the tornado. Morgan Elementary School in northern Harrison County Indiana was directly hit by the tornado. Four classrooms were destroyed and the roof was removed from the school and placed on the cars of the faculty. Fortunately, the children and faculty, who were huddled in the hallways, were not injured.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All but 10 homes in <a href="/wiki/Martinsburg,_Indiana" title="Martinsburg, Indiana">Martinsburg</a> were destroyed; and in the <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Hill,_Indiana" title="Daisy Hill, Indiana">Daisy Hill</a> community homes were completely swept away at F5 intensity. Published photographs of this storm reveal a very wide debris cloud and wall cloud structure, with no visible condensation funnel at times.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, six were killed by the storm and 86 were injured. One of the fatalities occurred when a woman was crushed by a school bus that flew into a ditch she was sheltering in.<sup id="cite_ref-NWSLouisville_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWSLouisville-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado had a peak width of 700–1,760 yards (640–1,610 m).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LMKTorlist_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMKTorlist-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xenia,_Ohio"><span id="Xenia.2C_Ohio"></span>Xenia, Ohio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Xenia, Ohio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Xenia_tornado" title="1974 Xenia tornado">1974 Xenia tornado</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Xenia, Ohio</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A_tornado_funnel_is_shown_moving_through_Xenia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/A_tornado_funnel_is_shown_moving_through_Xenia.jpg/220px-A_tornado_funnel_is_shown_moving_through_Xenia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/A_tornado_funnel_is_shown_moving_through_Xenia.jpg/330px-A_tornado_funnel_is_shown_moving_through_Xenia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/A_tornado_funnel_is_shown_moving_through_Xenia.jpg/440px-A_tornado_funnel_is_shown_moving_through_Xenia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="971" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Xenia tornado tearing through the southeast Pinecrest Garden district.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 4:33 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 5:12 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">39 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F5 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">250 to 305 mph (402 to 491 km/h)</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">34 fatalities, 1,150 injuries</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$100 million (1974 <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>)</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/NCDC_Storm_Data_for_the_1974_Xenia_tornado" class="extiw" title="wikisource:NCDC Storm Data for the 1974 Xenia tornado">NOAA's finalized damage survey and analysis</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p>The tornado that struck the city of <a href="/wiki/Xenia,_Ohio" title="Xenia, Ohio">Xenia, Ohio</a> stands as the deadliest individual tornado of the 1974 Super Outbreak, killing 32 people and destroying a significant portion of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado formed near <a href="/wiki/Bellbrook,_Ohio" title="Bellbrook, Ohio">Bellbrook, Ohio</a>, southwest of Xenia, at about 4:30 pm EDT. It began as a moderate-sized tornado, then intensified while moving northeast at about 50 mph (80 km/h). The tornado exhibited a <a href="/wiki/Multiple_vortex_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple vortex tornado">multiple-vortex</a> structure and became very large as it approached town. The massive tornado slammed into the western part of Xenia, completely flattening the Windsor Park and Arrowhead subdivisions at F5 intensity, and sweeping away entire rows of brick homes with little debris left behind in some areas. Extensive wind-rowing of debris occurred in nearby fields.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the storm reached central Xenia at 4:40 pm, apartment buildings, homes, businesses, churches, and schools including <a href="/wiki/Xenia_High_School" title="Xenia High School">Xenia High School</a> were destroyed. Students in the school, practicing for a play, took cover in the main hallway seconds before the tornado dropped a school bus onto the stage where they had been practicing and extensively damaged the school building.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several railroad cars were lifted and blown over as the tornado passed over a moving <a href="/wiki/Penn_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Central">Penn Central</a> freight train in the center of town.<sup id="cite_ref-Swio_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swio-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It toppled headstones in Cherry Grove Cemetery, then moved through the length of the downtown business district, passing west of the courthouse (which sustained some exterior damage). Numerous businesses in downtown Xenia were heavily damaged or destroyed, and several people were killed at the A&W Root Beer stand as the building was flattened. Upon exiting Xenia, the tornado passed through <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce,_Ohio" title="Wilberforce, Ohio">Wilberforce</a>, heavily damaging several campus and residential buildings of <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_University" title="Wilberforce University">Wilberforce University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swio_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swio-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central State University also sustained considerable damage, and a water tower there was toppled. Afterwards, the tornado weakened before dissipating in <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Ohio" title="Clark County, Ohio">Clark County</a> near <a href="/wiki/South_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="South Vienna">South Vienna</a>, traveling a little over 30 miles (48 km). </p><p>A total of 32 people lost their lives in the tornado, and about 1,150 were injured in Xenia, several of whom took proper shelter. In addition to the direct fatalities, two <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Air_National_Guard" title="Ohio Air National Guard">Ohio Air National Guardsmen</a> deployed for disaster assistance were killed on April 17 when a fire swept through their temporary barracks in a furniture store. The memorial in downtown Xenia lists 34 deaths, in honor of the two Guardsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xenia&Cincinnati_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xenia&Cincinnati-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1,400 buildings (roughly half of the town) were heavily damaged or destroyed. Damage was estimated at US$100 million ($471.7 million in 2013 dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ted_Fujita" title="Ted Fujita">Dr. Ted Fujita</a> and a team of colleagues undertook a 10-month study of the 1974 Super Outbreak. Fujita initially assigned the Xenia tornado a preliminary rating of F6 intensity ± 1 scale,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before deeming F6 ratings "inconceivable". </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monticello_tornado_family">Monticello tornado family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monticello tornado family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">The Monticello tornado family</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map_Monticello_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map_Monticello_crop.jpg/220px-1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map_Monticello_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map_Monticello_crop.jpg/330px-1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map_Monticello_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map_Monticello_crop.jpg/440px-1974_Super_Outbreak_Fujita_color_map_Monticello_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="886" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A portion of Fujita's track analysis focused on the northern portion of the outbreak. The Monticello family consists of tornadoes labeled 7 to 14</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2:47 p.m. – 6:59 p.m. April 3 (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a>)<br />4 hours, 12 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF738A"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tornado family</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tornadoes</th><td class="infobox-data">8 confirmed, 2 suspected</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum rating</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F4 tornado</a></td></tr><tr aria-hidden="true"></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">20 fatalities, 379 injuries</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="white-space:nowrap">Confirmed tornadoes by <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita rating</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background:#C0C0C0">FU </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#4DFFFF">F0 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FFFFD9">F1 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FFD98C">F2 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FF9E59">F3 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#FF738A">F4 </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#A188FC">F5 </th> <th scope="col">Total </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold"> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">0 </td> <td style="background:#4DFFFF">1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFD9">2 </td> <td style="background:#FFD98C">1 </td> <td style="background:#FF9E59">3 </td> <td style="background:#FF738A">1 </td> <td style="background:#A188FC">0 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The most prolific and longest-lasting tornado family of the outbreak tracked from central Illinois and the entirety of northern Indiana from 2:47 p.m. – 6:59 p.m. (UTC−05:00), a span of 4 hours and 12 minutes. Eight tornadoes touched down, including the longest-tracked single tornado of the outbreak: the 121 mi (195 km) F4 Monticello tornado.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbeyFujita-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, that tornado may itself have been composed of three individual F4 tornadoes.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Otterbein–Monticello–Wolcottville,_Indiana"><span id="Otterbein.E2.80.93Monticello.E2.80.93Wolcottville.2C_Indiana"></span>Otterbein–Monticello–Wolcottville, Indiana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Otterbein–Monticello–Wolcottville, Indiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Monticello, Indiana</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 4:47 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 6:47 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2 hours</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF738A"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F4 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">18 fatalities, 362 injuries</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$250 million</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>This half-mile (0.8 km) wide F4 tornado developed (as part of a tornado family that moved from Illinois to Michigan for 260 miles) during the late afternoon hours. This tornado produced the longest damage path recorded during the 1974 Super Outbreak, on a southwest to northeast path that nearly crossed the entire state of Indiana. According to most records (including the presented map of north Indiana), this tornado formed just southwest of <a href="/wiki/Otterbein,_Indiana" title="Otterbein, Indiana">Otterbein</a> in northeast <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Indiana" title="Warren County, Indiana">Warren County</a> in west central Indiana, and ended in <a href="/wiki/LaGrange_County" class="mw-redirect" title="LaGrange County">LaGrange County</a> just northwest of <a href="/wiki/Valentine,_Indiana" title="Valentine, Indiana">Valentine</a> – a total distance of about 121 miles (195 km). Further analysis by Ted Fujita indicated that at the start of the tornado path near Otterbein, downburst winds (also called "twisting downburst") disrupted the tornado's inflow which caused it to briefly dissipate before redeveloping near <a href="/wiki/Brookston,_Indiana" title="Brookston, Indiana">Brookston</a> in White County at around 4:50 pm EDT and then traveled for 109 miles (175 km).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also struck portions of six other counties, with the hardest hit being <a href="/wiki/White_County,_Indiana" title="White County, Indiana">White County</a> and its town of <a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Indiana" title="Monticello, Indiana">Monticello</a>. Much of the town was destroyed including the courthouse, some churches and cemeteries, 40 businesses and numerous homes as well as three schools. It also heavily damaged the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Central">Penn Central</a> bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Tippecanoe_River" title="Tippecanoe River">Tippecanoe River</a>. Overall damage according to the <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> was estimated at US$250 million with US$100 million damage in Monticello alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crh.noaa.gov_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crh.noaa.gov-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the tornado struck Monticello, the tornado reached peak strength and completely leveled several farms northwest of town. The tornado then went on to tear through the west side of <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Indiana" title="Rochester, Indiana">Rochester</a>, where businesses were destroyed and homes were completely leveled and swept away. Riddle Elementary School was badly damaged as well. The tornado then struck <a href="/wiki/Talma,_Indiana" title="Talma, Indiana">Talma</a>, destroying most of the town, including a fastening plant and the schoolhouse. The tornado continued northeast and struck the south sides of <a href="/wiki/Atwood,_Indiana" title="Atwood, Indiana">Atwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Indiana" title="Leesburg, Indiana">Leesburg</a>, with additional severe damage occurring at both locations. The tornado then crossed Dewart Lake and Lake Wawasee, destroying multiple lakeside homes and trailers. The Wawasee Airport was hard hit, where hangars were destroyed and planes were thrown and demolished. The tornado destroyed several buildings as it passed between <a href="/wiki/Ligonier,_Indiana" title="Ligonier, Indiana">Ligonier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Indiana" title="Topeka, Indiana">Topeka</a>, including Perry School and a <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> plant. Train cars near the plant were blown off the tracks and thrown into the building. The tornado then finally dissipated near Oliver Lake airfield.<sup id="cite_ref-crh.noaa.gov_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crh.noaa.gov-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 18 people were killed during the storm including five people from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne">Fort Wayne</a> when their <a href="/wiki/Mini-bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini-bus">mini-bus</a> fell 50 feet (15 m) into the <a href="/wiki/Tippecanoe_River" title="Tippecanoe River">Tippecanoe River</a> near Monticello. One passenger did survive the fall.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five others were killed in White County, six in <a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Indiana" title="Fulton County, Indiana">Fulton County</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Kosciusko_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosciusko County">Kosciusko County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-www4.ncdc.noaa.gov_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www4.ncdc.noaa.gov-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">National Guard</a> had assisted the residents in the relief and cleanup efforts and then-Governor <a href="/wiki/Otis_Bowen" title="Otis Bowen">Otis Bowen</a> visited the area days after the storm. One of the few consolations from the tornado was that a century-old bronze bell that belonged to the White County Courthouse and served as timekeeper was found intact despite being thrown a great distance.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado itself had contradicted a long-time myth that a tornado would "not follow terrain into steep valleys" as while hitting Monticello, it descended a 60-foot (18 m) hill near the <a href="/wiki/Tippecanoe_River" title="Tippecanoe River">Tippecanoe River</a> and heavily damaged several homes immediately afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-publicaffairs.noaa.gov_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publicaffairs.noaa.gov-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanover/Madison,_Indiana"><span id="Hanover.2FMadison.2C_Indiana"></span>Hanover/Madison, Indiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hanover/Madison, Indiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Hanover/Madison, Indiana</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 3:19 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 4:00 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">41 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF738A"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F4 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">11 fatalities, 300 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>Soon after the Depauw tornado lifted, the Hanover/Madison F4 tornado formed near <a href="/wiki/Henryville" class="mw-redirect" title="Henryville">Henryville</a> and traveled through <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Indiana" title="Jefferson County, Indiana">Jefferson County</a> and leveled many structures in the small towns of <a href="/wiki/Hanover,_Indiana" title="Hanover, Indiana">Hanover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Indiana" title="Madison, Indiana">Madison</a>. A total of 11 people were killed in this storm while an additional 300 were injured. According to a <a href="/wiki/WHAS-TV" title="WHAS-TV">WHAS-TV</a> Louisville reporter in a special report about the outbreak, 90% of Hanover was destroyed or severely damaged, including the <a href="/wiki/Hanover_College" title="Hanover College">Hanover College</a> campus. Despite the fact that no one was killed or seriously injured at the college, 32 of the college's 33 buildings were damaged, including two that were completely destroyed and six that sustained major structural damage. Hundreds of trees were down, completely blocking every campus road. All utilities were knocked out and communication with those off campus was nearly impossible. Damage to the campus alone was estimated at US$10 million. In Madison alone, where seven of the fatalities took place, about 300 homes were destroyed. The tornado also brushed the community of <a href="/wiki/China,_Indiana" title="China, Indiana">China</a> causing additional fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NWSLouisville_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWSLouisville-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LMKTorlist_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMKTorlist-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same storm would later strike the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> area, producing multiple tornadoes, including another F5 tornado. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brandenburg,_Kentucky"><span id="Brandenburg.2C_Kentucky"></span>Brandenburg, Kentucky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Brandenburg, Kentucky"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Brandenburg_tornado" title="1974 Brandenburg tornado">1974 Brandenburg tornado</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Brandenburg, Kentucky</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SlabbedHouseInBrandenburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SlabbedHouseInBrandenburg.JPG/220px-SlabbedHouseInBrandenburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SlabbedHouseInBrandenburg.JPG/330px-SlabbedHouseInBrandenburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/SlabbedHouseInBrandenburg.JPG/440px-SlabbedHouseInBrandenburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="620" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Remains of a house that was completely swept away in Brandenburg, with heavily debarked trees and shrubbery in the foreground.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 3:25 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 4:17 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">52 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F5 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">31 fatalities, 257 injuries</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$2.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>The Brandenburg tornado, which produced F5 damage and took 31 lives, touched down in <a href="/wiki/Breckinridge_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Breckinridge County">Breckinridge County</a> around 3:25 pm CDT and followed a 32-mile (51 km) path.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado first moved across the north edge of <a href="/wiki/Hardinsburg,_Kentucky" title="Hardinsburg, Kentucky">Hardinsburg</a>, inflicting F3 damage to homes at that location. The tornado quickly became violent as it moved into <a href="/wiki/Meade_County,_Kentucky" title="Meade County, Kentucky">Meade County</a>, producing F4 damage as it passed north of <a href="/wiki/Irvington,_Kentucky" title="Irvington, Kentucky">Irvington</a>, sweeping away numerous homes in this rural area. Vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards from residences and mangled, and a few were completely wrapped around trees. One home that was swept away sustained total collapse of a poured concrete walk-out basement wall.<sup id="cite_ref-Don_Macy_Photos_of_April_3,_1974_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Don_Macy_Photos_of_April_3,_1974-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A news photographer reported that the tornado "left no grass" as it crossed <a href="/wiki/KY_79" class="mw-redirect" title="KY 79">KY 79</a> in this area, and canceled checks from near Irvington were later found in Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-Don_Macy_Photos_of_April_3,_1974_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Don_Macy_Photos_of_April_3,_1974-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Past Irvington, the tornado tore directly through Brandenburg at F5 intensity, completely leveling and sweeping away numerous homes, some of which were well-built and anchor-bolted.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's downtown area was also devastated with 18 of the fatalities occurring along Green Street alone.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trees and shrubbery in town were debarked and stripped, extensive wind-rowing of debris occurred, and numerous vehicles were destroyed as well, some of which had nothing left but the frame and tires. A curtain rod was found speared deeply into the trunk of one tree in town.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Tombstones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombstones">tombstones</a> in the Cap Anderson <a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">cemetery</a> were toppled and broken, and some were displaced a small distance. Exiting Brandenburg, the tornado crossed into <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> producing F4 damage there before dissipating.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LMKTorlist_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMKTorlist-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same storm would later produce tornadoes in the <a href="/wiki/Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville">Louisville</a> metro area.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the tornado struck on April 3, 1974, many of the Brandenburg residents at that time had also experienced a major <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937" title="Ohio River flood of 1937">flood</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> that affected the area in 1937 as well as numerous other communities along the river, including Louisville and <a href="/wiki/Paducah" class="mw-redirect" title="Paducah">Paducah</a>. The Brandenburg tornado is the only tornado to have officially produced documented F5/EF5 damage in the state of Kentucky, with the <a href="/wiki/1971_Gosser_Ridge,_Kentucky_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Gosser Ridge, Kentucky tornado">1971 Gosser Ridge, Kentucky tornado</a> being rated F5 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a>, before being downgraded to F4 after 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cincinnati/Sayler_Park,_Ohio"><span id="Cincinnati.2FSayler_Park.2C_Ohio"></span>Cincinnati/Sayler Park, Ohio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cincinnati/Sayler Park, Ohio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Cincinnati_tornado" title="1974 Cincinnati tornado">1974 Cincinnati tornado</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Cincinnati/Sayler Park, Ohio</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_the_1974_Sayler_Park_tornado.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Photograph_of_the_1974_Sayler_Park_tornado.png/220px-Photograph_of_the_1974_Sayler_Park_tornado.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Photograph_of_the_1974_Sayler_Park_tornado.png/330px-Photograph_of_the_1974_Sayler_Park_tornado.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e1/Photograph_of_the_1974_Sayler_Park_tornado.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Cincinnati/Sayler Park tornado; photo taken near Bridgetown.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 4:30 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 4:53 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">23 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F5 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">3 fatalities, 219 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>The Sayler Park tornado was among a series of tornadoes that earlier struck portions of southern Indiana from north of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg,_Kentucky" title="Brandenburg, Kentucky">Brandenburg, Kentucky</a>, into southwest Ohio. This tornado was witnessed on television by thousands of people, as <a href="/wiki/WCPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WCPO">WCPO</a> aired the tornado live during special news coverage of the tornadoes. It was also noted for the rarity in that its path was in parts of three states.<sup id="cite_ref-Xenia&Cincinnati_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xenia&Cincinnati-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Horstmeyer_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horstmeyer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began shortly before 4:30 pm CDT or 5:30 pm EDT in southeastern Indiana in <a href="/wiki/Ohio_County,_Indiana" title="Ohio County, Indiana">Ohio County</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun,_Indiana" title="Rising Sun, Indiana">Rising Sun</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>. It then traveled through <a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Kentucky" title="Boone County, Kentucky">Boone County, Kentucky</a>, producing F4 damage in the <a href="/wiki/Taylorsport,_Kentucky" title="Taylorsport, Kentucky">Taylorsport</a> area before crossing the Ohio River a second time into <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. Here, the tornado reached F5 intensity as it slammed into <a href="/wiki/Sayler_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayler Park">Sayler Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first area of town hit was the Morehead Marina, where numerous boats were thrown and destroyed. A large floating restaurant barge at this location was lifted, ripped from its moorings, and flipped by the tornado. It was later recovered several miles downstream. A nearby house was lifted from its foundation and thrown into the river.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tornado_Outbreak_April_3–4,_1974_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tornado_Outbreak_April_3–4,_1974-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a further inland area of Sayler Park, the tornado maintained F5 intensity as numerous homes were swept away at a hilly area near a lake, with only bare slabs remaining. NWS surveyors noted that a pickup truck in this area was carried a half block over the roofs of five homes before being smashed to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Tornado_Outbreak_April_3–4,_1974_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tornado_Outbreak_April_3–4,_1974-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado weakened somewhat as it continued northeastward, passing through multiple Cincinnati neighborhoods and destroying numerous homes. Some of the worst affected areas were <a href="/wiki/Bridgetown,_Ohio" title="Bridgetown, Ohio">Bridgetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mack,_Ohio" title="Mack, Ohio">Mack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dent,_Ohio" title="Dent, Ohio">Dent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Township,_Ohio" title="Delhi Township, Ohio">Delhi</a>. Damage in Delhi was rated as high as F4.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado took three lives and injured 210 with 190 of the injuries were in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Ohio" title="Hamilton County, Ohio">Hamilton County, Ohio</a> alone.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was considered the most-photographed tornado of the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-Horstmeyer_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horstmeyer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This tornado dissipated west of <a href="/wiki/White_Oak,_Ohio" title="White Oak, Ohio">White Oak</a>, but the same thunderstorm activity was responsible for two other tornado touchdowns in the <a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Ohio" title="Lebanon, Ohio">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mason,_Ohio" title="Mason, Ohio">Mason</a> areas. The Mason tornado, which started in the northern Cincinnati subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Heights,_Ohio" title="Arlington Heights, Ohio">Arlington Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmwood_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmwood Place">Elmwood Place</a>, was rated F4 and took two lives, while the <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Ohio" title="Warren County, Ohio">Warren County</a> tornado was rated an F2 and injured 10.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xenia&Cincinnati_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xenia&Cincinnati-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louisville,_Kentucky"><span id="Louisville.2C_Kentucky"></span>Louisville, Kentucky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Louisville, Kentucky"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Louisville, Kentucky</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LousivilleApril74.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/LousivilleApril74.jpg/220px-LousivilleApril74.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/LousivilleApril74.jpg/330px-LousivilleApril74.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/LousivilleApril74.jpg/440px-LousivilleApril74.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="364" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Major damage in the Northfield neighborhood of Louisville, including a vehicle partially wrapped around a tree.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 4:37 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 4:57 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">20 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF738A"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F4 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">3 fatalities, 207 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>About an hour after the Brandenburg tornado, the same supercell spawned an F4 tornado that formed in the southwest part of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kosmosdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmosdale">Kosmosdale</a>. Another <a href="/wiki/Funnel_cloud" title="Funnel cloud">funnel cloud</a> formed over <a href="/wiki/Louisville_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville International Airport">Standiford Field Airport</a>, touched down at <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Exposition_Center" title="Kentucky Exposition Center">The Kentucky Fair and Exposition Center</a>, and destroyed the majority of the horse barns at the center and part of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Hall" title="Freedom Hall">Freedom Hall</a> (a multipurpose <a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">arena</a>) before it crossed <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 65 in Kentucky">I-65</a>, scattering several vehicles on that busy expressway. The tornado continued its 22-mile (35 km) journey northeast where it demolished most of <a href="/wiki/Audubon_Traditional_Elementary_School_(Kentucky)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon Traditional Elementary School (Kentucky)">Audubon Elementary School</a> and affected the neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Audubon,_Louisville" title="Audubon, Louisville">Audubon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee Triangle">Cherokee Triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherokee-Seneca" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee-Seneca">Cherokee-Seneca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crescent_Hill,_Louisville" title="Crescent Hill, Louisville">Crescent Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Indian Hills, Kentucky">Indian Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Kentucky" title="Northfield, Kentucky">Northfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Fields">Rolling Fields</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Park,_Louisville" title="Tyler Park, Louisville">Tyler Park</a>. Numerous homes were destroyed in residential areas, including a few that were leveled. The tornado ended near the junction of Interstates <a href="/wiki/Interstate_264_(Kentucky)" title="Interstate 264 (Kentucky)">264</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_71" title="Interstate 71">71</a> after killing three people, injuring 207 people, destroying over 900 homes, and damaging thousands of others. <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Park" title="Cherokee Park">Cherokee Park</a>, a historic 409-acre (1.66 km<sup>2</sup>) municipal <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">park</a> located at Eastern Parkway and Cherokee Road, had thousands of mature trees destroyed. A massive re-planting effort was undertaken by the community in the aftermath of the tornado.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dick Gilbert, a helicopter traffic reporter for radio station <a href="/wiki/WHAS-AM" class="mw-redirect" title="WHAS-AM">WHAS-AM</a>, followed the tornado through portions of its track including when it heavily damaged the Louisville Water Company's <a href="/wiki/Crescent_Hill,_Louisville" title="Crescent Hill, Louisville">Crescent Hill</a> pumping station, and gave vivid descriptions of the damage as seen from the air.<sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Information_Agency_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Information_Agency-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/WHAS-TV" title="WHAS-TV">WHAS-TV</a> cameraman also filmed the tornado when it passed just east of the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">Central Business District</a> of Louisville.<sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Information_Agency_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Information_Agency-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WHAS-AM broke away from its regular programming shortly before the tornado struck Louisville and was on-air live with John Burke, the chief meteorologist at the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>'s Louisville office at Standiford Field when the tornado first descended. The station remained on the air delivering weather bulletins and storm-related information until well into the early morning hours of April 4.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As electrical power had been knocked out to a substantial portion of the city, the radio station became a clearinghouse for vital information and contact with emergency workers, not only in Louisville but across the state of Kentucky due to its 50,000-watt clear-channel signal and the fact that storms had knocked numerous broadcasting stations in smaller communities, such as <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a>, off the air. Then-Governor <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ford" title="Wendell Ford">Wendell Ford</a> commended the station's personnel for their service to the community in the time of crisis, and Dick Gilbert later received a special commendation from then-President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> for his tracking of the tornado from his helicopter.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanner,_Alabama_(1st_tornado)"><span id="Tanner.2C_Alabama_.281st_tornado.29"></span>Tanner, Alabama (1st tornado)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tanner, Alabama (1st tornado)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Tanner_tornadoes#First_tornado" title="1974 Tanner tornadoes">1974 Tanner tornadoes § First tornado</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Tanner, Alabama (1st tornado)</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvest450.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Harvest450.jpg/220px-Harvest450.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Harvest450.jpg/330px-Harvest450.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Harvest450.jpg/440px-Harvest450.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A bathtub deeply embedded into the ground in Harvest, Alabama.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 6:15 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 7:28 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">73 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F5 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">28 fatalities, 267 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>As the cluster of thunderstorms was crossing much of the Ohio Valley and northern Indiana, additional strong storms developed much further south just east of the Mississippi River into the Tennessee Valley and Mississippi. It produced the first deadly tornadoes in Alabama during the early evening hours. Most of the small town of <a href="/wiki/Tanner,_Alabama" title="Tanner, Alabama">Tanner</a>, located to the west of <a href="/wiki/Huntsville" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntsville">Huntsville</a> and south of the <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone County</a> seat of <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Alabama" title="Athens, Alabama">Athens</a>, was destroyed when two F5 tornadoes struck the community 30 minutes apart. </p><p>The first tornado formed at 6:30 pm CDT in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Alabama" title="Lawrence County, Alabama">Lawrence County, Alabama</a> and ended 73 minutes later in <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Madison County, Alabama">Madison County, Alabama</a>, killing 28 people. The tornado first touched down near the small community of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hope,_Lawrence_County,_Alabama" title="Mount Hope, Lawrence County, Alabama">Mt. Hope</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Srh.noaa.gov_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srh.noaa.gov-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then tracked into Mt. Moriah, where the tornado rapidly intensified and swept away homes and hurled fleeing vehicles, and where a family of six were killed. Further along the track, many homes were swept away near <a href="/wiki/Moulton,_Alabama" title="Moulton, Alabama">Moulton</a>. A water pump was completely lifted out of a wellhouse along <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_157" title="Alabama State Route 157">SR 157</a> in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-FlorenceTanner_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlorenceTanner-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one case, the destruction was so complete that a witness reported that the largest recognizable objects among scattered debris from an obliterated house were some bed-springs.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado crossed into Morgan County, causing additional destruction in rural areas near <a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Alabama" title="Hillsboro, Alabama">Hillsboro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinity,_Alabama" title="Trinity, Alabama">Trinity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crossing the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a> into Limestone County as a large <a href="/wiki/Waterspout" title="Waterspout">waterspout</a>, the tornado flattened a ¾-mile–wide swath of trees on the opposite bank. Ground scouring occurred in this area, as reddish soil was dug up and plastered against trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Srh.noaa.gov_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srh.noaa.gov-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The storm then slammed into Tanner, where many homes were swept away, vehicles were tossed, shrubbery was debarked, and Lawson's Trailer Park sustained major damage.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado then continued into Madison County and struck the <a href="/wiki/Capshaw,_Alabama" title="Capshaw, Alabama">Capshaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvest,_Alabama" title="Harvest, Alabama">Harvest</a> areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous homes in Harvest and surrounding rural areas of the county were swept completely away and scattered, and extensive wind-rowing of debris was noted. A bathtub from one residence was found deeply embedded into the ground. Past Harvest, the tornado abruptly dissipated northeast of town, having a peak width of 500 yards.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jasper/Cullman,_Alabama"><span id="Jasper.2FCullman.2C_Alabama"></span>Jasper/Cullman, Alabama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jasper/Cullman, Alabama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Jasper/Cullman, Alabama</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper1974.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jasper1974.PNG/220px-Jasper1974.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jasper1974.PNG/330px-Jasper1974.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jasper1974.PNG/440px-Jasper1974.PNG 2x" data-file-width="829" data-file-height="536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Heavy damage to buildings in downtown Jasper.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 6:35 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3, 8:20 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">105 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF738A"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F4 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">3 fatalities, 178 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>While tornadoes were causing devastation in the northwesternmost corner of the state, another supercell crossing the Mississippi-Alabama state line produced another violent tornado that touched down in <a href="/wiki/Pickens_County,_Alabama" title="Pickens County, Alabama">Pickens County</a> before heading northeast for nearly 2 hours towards the <a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Alabama" title="Jasper, Alabama">Jasper</a> area causing major damage to its downtown as the F4 storm struck. Damage was reported in <a href="/wiki/Cullman,_Alabama" title="Cullman, Alabama">Cullman</a> from the storm before it lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jasper tornado first touched near <a href="/wiki/Aliceville" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliceville">Aliceville</a>, producing scattered damage as it tracked northeastward. The damage became more intense and continuous as the tornado entered <a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscaloosa County">Tuscaloosa County</a>. The tornado continued to strengthen south of <a href="/wiki/Berry,_Alabama" title="Berry, Alabama">Berry</a>, and two people were killed near the <a href="/wiki/Walker_County,_Alabama" title="Walker County, Alabama">Walker County</a> line when a church was destroyed. The tornado tore directly through downtown Jasper at 6:57 PM, resulting in severe damage and at least 100 injuries. Numerous buildings and storefronts were heavily damaged in downtown Jasper, and many streets were blocked with trees and power lines.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Walker County courthouse sustained major damage, and a new fire station was completely leveled. The fireman on duty at the time took shelter in a nearby large culvert, and survived without injury. The Walker County Library and the Jasper First Methodist Church were also damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado crossed Lewis Smith Lake and moved across the south side of Cullman at 7:40 pm. Multiple homes and shopping centers were damaged or destroyed in the area, resulting in one death and 36 injuries. The tornado finally dissipated northeast of Cullman a short time later.<sup id="cite_ref-srh.noaa.gov_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srh.noaa.gov-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In total, the storm took three lives, but injured one hundred and fifty residents of Jasper or Cullman. Five hundred buildings were destroyed, with nearly four hundred other buildings severely damaged. At the same time, a third supercell was crossing the state line near the track of the previous two.<sup id="cite_ref-srh.noaa.gov_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srh.noaa.gov-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanner,_Alabama_(2nd_tornado)"><span id="Tanner.2C_Alabama_.282nd_tornado.29"></span>Tanner, Alabama (2nd tornado)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tanner, Alabama (2nd tornado)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Tanner_tornadoes#Second_tornado" title="1974 Tanner tornadoes">1974 Tanner tornadoes § Second tornado</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Tanner, Alabama (2nd tornado)</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 7:35 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 9:05 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>) (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">90 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F5 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">16 fatalities, 190 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>While rescue efforts were underway to look for people under the destroyed structures, few were aware that another violent tornado would strike the area. The path of the second tornado, which formed at 7:35 pm CDT was 83 miles in length, also had a peak width of 500 yards, and the storm formed along the north bank Tennessee River less than a mile from the path of the earlier storm; with much of its path very closely paralleling its predecessor as it tore through Limestone and Madison Counties. 16 people were killed by this second tornado. Tanner was the first community to be hit, and many structures that were left standing after the first tornado were destroyed in the second one. A man injured at Lawson's Trailer Park in the first tornado was taken to a church in the area, which collapsed in the second tornado, killing him.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After devastating what was left of Tanner, the tornado continued across rural Limestone County and into Madison County, where the communities of <a href="/wiki/Capshaw,_Alabama" title="Capshaw, Alabama">Capshaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvest,_Alabama" title="Harvest, Alabama">Harvest</a> were devastated once again.<sup id="cite_ref-Srh.noaa.gov_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srh.noaa.gov-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous homes throughout Madison County were swept completely away, with extensive wind-rowing of debris noted once again. Past Harvest, the tornado swept away multiple additional homes in the <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Green,_Alabama" title="Hazel Green, Alabama">Hazel Green</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado continued northeastward through rural portions of Madison County before crossing into Tennessee, where major damage and 6 deaths occurred in Franklin and Lincoln Counties before the tornado dissipated in Coffee County. Two of the fatalities in Tennessee occurred when a church was destroyed during service.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The death toll from the two tornadoes was over 45 and over 400 were injured. Most of the fatalities occurred in and around the Tanner area. Over 1,000 houses, 200 <a href="/wiki/Mobile_home" title="Mobile home">mobile homes</a> and numerous other outbuildings, automobiles, power lines and trees were completely demolished or heavily damaged. The most recent official <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> records show that both<sup id="cite_ref-BMX1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMX1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Tanner tornadoes were rated F5.<sup id="cite_ref-www4.ncdc.noaa.gov_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www4.ncdc.noaa.gov-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the rating of the second Tanner tornado is still disputed by some scientists; analysis in one publication estimates F3-F4 damage along the entirety of the second storm's path.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the second state to have been hit by more than two F5 tornadoes during the 1974 Super Outbreak. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guin,_Alabama"><span id="Guin.2C_Alabama"></span>Guin, Alabama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Guin, Alabama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Guin_tornado" title="1974 Guin tornado">1974 Guin tornado</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Guin, Alabama</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 8:50 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 10:30 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">100 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F5 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">>285 to 350 mph (457 to 563 km/h)</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">28 fatalities, 272 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>The fast-moving nighttime tornado that devastated the town of <a href="/wiki/Guin" class="mw-redirect" title="Guin">Guin</a>, was the longest-duration F5 tornado recorded in the outbreak, and considered to be one of the most violent ever recorded. The Guin Tornado traveled over 79.5 miles (127.9 km), from the town of <a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Alabama" title="Vernon, Alabama">Vernon, Alabama</a>, to just south of the small town of <a href="/wiki/Basham,_Alabama" title="Basham, Alabama">Basham</a>, before lifting just after 10:30 pm CDT.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It formed at around 8:50 pm CDT near the Mississippi-Alabama border, north of the town of <a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Alabama" title="Vernon, Alabama">Vernon</a>, striking the Monterey Trailer Park, resulting in major damage at that location.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado then became violent as it approached and entered Guin, with multiple areas of F5 damage noted in and around town.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado first struck the Guin Mobile Home Plant as it entered the town, completely obliterating the structure. Nothing was left of the plant but a pile of mangled steel beams, and its foundation was partially pushed clean of debris. The town's downtown area was also heavily damaged, with many brick businesses and two churches completely destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trees in town were debarked, ground scouring occurred, and vehicles were thrown and mangled as well. Residential areas in Guin suffered total devastation, with many homes swept completely away and scattered across fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to NWS damage surveyor Bill Herman, the damage in one 6-block area was particularly extreme, and remarked that "It was just like the ground had been swept clean. It was just as much of a total wipeout as you can have."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surveyor J.B. Elliot noted that the destruction was so complete, that even some of the foundations were "dislodged, and in some cases swept away." A total of 23 people were killed in Guin.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tornado continued past Guin and struck the small community of <a href="/wiki/Twin,_Alabama" title="Twin, Alabama">Twin</a>, destroying numerous homes, mobile homes, and businesses at that location, though the damage was less intense than that observed in Guin. Crossing into <a href="/wiki/Winston_County,_Alabama" title="Winston County, Alabama">Winston County</a>, the tornado struck the small community of <a href="/wiki/Delmar,_Alabama" title="Delmar, Alabama">Delmar</a>, destroying additional homes and killing 5 people. Mobile homes in Delmar were obliterated, with their frames wrapped around trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Past Delmar, the tornado grew up to a mile wide as it tore through the <a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead_National_Forest" title="William B. Bankhead National Forest">William B. Bankhead National Forest</a>, flattening a huge swath of trees. Surveyors noted that timber damage was equally severe at all elevations in this area, with numerous trees snapped both along exposed ridges and in deep gorges. So many trees were snapped in this area that the tornado path was visible from satellite. The tornado finally dissipated south of <a href="/wiki/Basham,_Alabama" title="Basham, Alabama">Basham</a> after destroying 546 structures.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same supercell then re-strengthened and produced a new tornado just south of the town of <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a>. The Guin tornado was originally believed by Fujita to have had a 132 miles (212 km) long path, that went all the way from <a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Alabama" title="Vernon, Alabama">Vernon</a>, to the small town of <a href="/wiki/Hytop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hytop">Hytop</a>, just a few miles south of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> state line. However, the 46.5 miles (74.8 km) section of the original path, from <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hytop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hytop">Hytop</a>, was determined later to be from the F3 tornado listed below. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huntsville,_Alabama"><span id="Huntsville.2C_Alabama"></span>Huntsville, Alabama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Huntsville, Alabama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1267561331"><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Redstone Arsenal–Huntsville, Alabama</caption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntsville1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Huntsville1974.jpg/220px-Huntsville1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Huntsville1974.jpg/330px-Huntsville1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Huntsville1974.jpg/440px-Huntsville1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Damage at the intersection of Drake Avenue and Memorial Parkway in Huntsville.</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 10:24 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">April  3, 11:15 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-5:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5:00">UTC-5:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">51 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF9E59"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">F3 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">2 fatalities, 7 injuries</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </tbody></table> <p>Huntsville was affected shortly before 11:00 pm EDT by a strong F3 tornado produced by the same thunderstorm that produced the Guin tornado. This tornado produced heavy damage in the south end of the city, eventually damaging or destroying nearly 1,000 structures.<sup id="cite_ref-td040403_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-td040403-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tornado touched down north of <a href="/wiki/Hartselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartselle">Hartselle</a> and moved northeast toward Huntsville. It first hit the <a href="/wiki/Redstone_Arsenal" title="Redstone Arsenal">Redstone Arsenal</a>, damaging or destroying numerous buildings at that location. But thanks to early warning from an MP picket line on Rideout Road (now <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_255" title="Alabama State Route 255">Research Park Boulevard (SR 255)</a>), there were only seven, relatively minor, injuries. One of the buildings destroyed was a publications center for the Nuclear Weapons Training School on the Arsenal. For months afterwards, portions of classified documents were being returned by farmers in Tennessee and Alabama. Many homes were badly damaged or destroyed as the tornado passed through residential areas of the city, and a school was destroyed as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many businesses were also heavily damaged, and numerous trees and power lines were downed throughout the city. The Glenn'll trailer park was completely destroyed by the tornado, and some sources list a fatality occurring at that location.<sup id="cite_ref-srh.noaa.gov_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srh.noaa.gov-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tornado then reached <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sano_Mountain" title="Monte Sano Mountain">Monte Sano Mountain</a>, which has an elevation of 1,640 feet (500 m), where additional homes were torn apart.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> office at <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_International_Airport" title="Huntsville International Airport">Huntsville Jetplex</a> was briefly "closed and abandoned" due to the severe weather conditions. The tornado eventually dissipated near Jacobs Mountain. Remarkable electrical phenomenon was reported as the tornado passed through Huntsville, with reports of luminous clouds, <a href="/wiki/Ball_lightning" title="Ball lightning">ball lightning</a>, and multi-colored flashes and glowing areas in the sky as the storm moved through the city. These aforementioned flashes were more than likely Power Flashes, which are flashes of light caused by arcing electrical discharges from damaged electrical equipment, most often severed power lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Grazulis_10-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grazulis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-tornadic_effects">Non-tornadic effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Non-tornadic effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Severe thunderstorms on April 4 brought 1 to 3 in (2.5 to 7.6 cm) of rain to tornado-stricken areas of northwest Georgia. Flash floods were considered a major risk in the region's mountainous terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-MaconNews_0405_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaconNews_0405-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Alderson,_West_Virginia" title="Alderson, West Virginia">Alderson, West Virginia</a>, "tornado-like winds" caused extensive damage to homes and businesses primarily along <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_3" title="West Virginia Route 3">WV 3</a>, some of which had their roof torn off. Many trees and power lines were downed leaving more than 7,000 people without electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-BeckleyPostHerald_0405_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeckleyPostHerald_0405-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On April 5, Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> declared 13 counties as disaster areas and put in a request to President Nixon for federal aid, citing damage in excess of $15.5 million. Service centers were opened at two National Guard Armories, one in <a href="/wiki/Dalton,_Georgia" title="Dalton, Georgia">Dalton</a> and the other in <a href="/wiki/Calhoun,_Georgia" title="Calhoun, Georgia">Calhoun</a>, as well as a church in <a href="/wiki/Dawsonville,_Georgia" title="Dawsonville, Georgia">Dawsonville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MaconTelegraph_0405_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaconTelegraph_0405-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Guard provided four-wheel drive vehicles for search and rescue efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-MaconNews_0405_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaconNews_0405-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>West Virginia Governor Moore declared 14 counties as disaster areas by April 5 and requested the assistance of the National Guard.<sup id="cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0405_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaleighRegister_0405-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Nixon approved federal aid for Fayette, Greenbriar, Raleigh, and Wyoming Counties on April 11. Total damage from the tornadoes and thunderstorms in the state reached $3,655,000, more than half of which was incurred by Raleigh County.<sup id="cite_ref-CharlestonDailyMail_0411_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CharlestonDailyMail_0411-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The West Virginia State Department of Highways provided two water trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0405_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaleighRegister_0405-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local Red Cross provided $3,000 to victims in Fayette County and assisted residents with acquiring supplies and dealing with medical bills.<sup id="cite_ref-BeckleyPostHerald_0411_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeckleyPostHerald_0411-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sightseers traveling to look at the damage clogged up roadways.<sup id="cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0405_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaleighRegister_0405-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Federal Disaster Assistance Administration (later FEMA) indicated that trailers refurbished after the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Creek_flood" title="Buffalo Creek flood">1972 Buffalo Creek flood</a> would be used to house displaced persons.<sup id="cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0411_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaleighRegister_0411-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 10, voting on the <a href="/wiki/Disaster_Relief_Act_of_1974" title="Disaster Relief Act of 1974">Disaster Relief Act of 1974</a> was expedited and passed unanimously in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in direct response to the scale of damage from the tornado outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary purpose of the act was to overhaul how disasters are handled on a federal level and to make acquiring federal aid easier. Notably, it would prompt the creation of a disaster-coordinating agency.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Nixon signed it into <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States#Federal_law" title="Law of the United States">federal law</a> on May 22.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tornadoes_and_tornado_outbreaks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks">List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_tornadoes_and_tornado_outbreaks" title="List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks">List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Canadian_tornadoes_and_tornado_outbreaks" title="Lists of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks">Lists of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tornadoes_striking_downtown_areas_of_large_cities" title="List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities">List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_F5_and_EF5_tornadoes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes">List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021</a> – One of the deadliest tornado outbreaks in Kentucky's history.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Super_Outbreak" title="2011 Super Outbreak">2011 Super Outbreak</a> – A very similar, but larger and deadlier outbreak that occurred in April 2011.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_and_derecho_of_April_1%E2%80%933,_2024" title="Tornado outbreak and derecho of April 1–3, 2024">Tornado outbreak and derecho of April 1–3, 2024</a> – A tornado outbreak that affected similar areas almost exactly 50 years later.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally, a series of studies by Fujita and his colleagues in 1974–75 recorded 148 tornadoes, but one of these was subsequently reclassified as a <a href="/wiki/Microburst" class="mw-redirect" title="Microburst">microburst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbeyFujita-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 147 of the original 148 tornadoes appear on the <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a>'s official database today.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Corfidi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Corfidi_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCorfidi" class="citation web cs1">Corfidi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240403042643/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/74superoutbreak.PDF">"Revisiting the 3–4 April 1974 Super Outbreak of Tornadoes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. spc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on April 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revisiting+the+3%E2%80%934+April+1974+Super+Outbreak+of+Tornadoes&rft.pub=spc.noaa.gov&rft.au=Corfidi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fpublications%2Fcorfidi%2F74superoutbreak.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbbeyFujita-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AbbeyFujita_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFujitaAbbey1983" class="citation book cs1">Fujita, T. Theodore; Abbey, Robert F. Jr. (1983) [1981]. "Chapter 3: Tornadoes: The Tornado Outbreak of 3–4 April 1974". In Kessler, Edwin (ed.). <i>The Thunderstorm in Human Affairs</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman, Oklahoma</a>: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">37–</span>66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Tornadoes%3A+The+Tornado+Outbreak+of+3%E2%80%934+April+1974&rft.btitle=The+Thunderstorm+in+Human+Affairs&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Fujita&rft.aufirst=T.+Theodore&rft.au=Abbey%2C+Robert+F.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/iln/19740403">"The Super Outbreak of April 3-4, 1974"</a>. National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Super+Outbreak+of+April+3-4%2C+1974&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service+Wilmington%2C+Ohio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Filn%2F19740403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-so_report-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-so_report_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-so_report_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023111435/https://support.rms.com/publications/1974SuperTornadoReport.pdf">Analysis and reconstruction of the 1974 tornado Super Outbreak</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Risk Management Solutions. April 2, 2004. p. 9. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.rms.com/publications/1974SuperTornadoReport.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2014</span>. <q>In total, 148 tornadoes spanned 13 states producing about 900 square miles (2,300 square kilometres) of tornado damage in less than 18 hours. ... Most of the tornadoes were produced by individual thunderstorm cells within these lines. The individual tornadoes moved northeastward at 40–60 mph (64–97 km/h), while the larger scale squall-line systems advanced toward the southeast. ... Many of these tornadoes were part of 'families' or a sequence of tornadoes spawned in succession by a single thunderstorm cell. Dr. Ted Fujita identified 30 such tornado families that accounted for 74% of the Outbreak's tornadoes and resulted in 98% of the 315 deaths. The longest-lasting tornado family existed for nearly five hours, while the average life was approximately two hours.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Analysis+and+reconstruction+of+the+1974+tornado+Super+Outbreak&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Risk+Management+Solutions&rft.date=2004-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.rms.com%2Fpublications%2F1974SuperTornadoReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForbesConference-1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ForbesConference-1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes1975" class="citation conference cs1">Forbes, G. S. (1975). "Relationship between tornadoes and hook echoes on April 3, 1974". <i>Preprints</i>. Ninth Conf. on Severe Local Storms. Boston: American Meteorological Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">280–</span>85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+tornadoes+and+hook+echoes+on+April+3%2C+1974&rft.btitle=Preprints&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E280-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.pub=American+Meteorological+Society&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoweMeaden1985" class="citation journal cs1">Rowe, M. W.; Meaden, G. T. (August 1, 1985). "Britain's Greatest Tornado Outbreak". <i>Weather</i>. <b>40</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">230–</span>235. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Wthr...40..230R">1985Wthr...40..230R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1477-8696.1985.tb06883.x">10.1002/j.1477-8696.1985.tb06883.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weather&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+Greatest+Tornado+Outbreak&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E230-%3C%2Fspan%3E235&rft.date=1985-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1477-8696.1985.tb06883.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985Wthr...40..230R&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=M.+W.&rft.au=Meaden%2C+G.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrazulisBook-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GrazulisBook_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrazulis2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Grazulis" title="Thomas P. Grazulis">Grazulis, Thomas P.</a> (2023). <i>Significant Tornadoes 1974–2022</i>. <a href="/wiki/St._Johnsbury,_Vermont" title="St. Johnsbury, Vermont">St. Johnsbury, Vermont</a>: The Tornado Project. p. 637. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-879362-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-879362-01-7"><bdi>978-1-879362-01-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Significant+Tornadoes+1974%E2%80%932022&rft.place=St.+Johnsbury%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=637&rft.pub=The+Tornado+Project&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-879362-01-7&rft.aulast=Grazulis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NWSLouisville-1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NWSLouisville-1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNWS_Louisville" class="citation web cs1">NWS Louisville. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/?n=tornado_climatology_april11974">"April 1, 1974"</a>. Crh.noaa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022045854/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/?n=tornado_climatology_april11974">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weather+Forecast.&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+3%E2%80%934+April+1974+Super+Outbreak+of+Tornadoes&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E465-%3C%2Fspan%3E510&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A120118000%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1175%2F2009WAF2222297.1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010WtFor..25..465C&rft.aulast=Corfidi&rft.aufirst=S.F.&rft.au=S.J.+Weiss&rft.au=J.S.+Kain&rft.au=S.J.+Corfidi&rft.au=R.M.+Rabin&rft.au=J.J.+Levit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1234549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FujitaWeatherwise-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FujitaWeatherwise_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFujita1974" class="citation journal cs1">Fujita, T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Online+Tornado+FAQ+%28by+Roger+Edwards%2C+SPC%29&rft.atitle=What+was+the+biggest+outbreak+of+tornadoes%3F&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft.aulast=Roger&rft.aufirst=Edwards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Ffaq%2Ftornado%2F%23History&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-severe_plot-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-severe_plot_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data from the <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a> archives, which are accessible through <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.noaa.gov/software/svrplot2">free software</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070713175109/http://www.spc.noaa.gov/software/svrplot2/">Archived</a> July 13, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> created and maintained by John Hart, lead forecaster for the SPC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.windsorpubliclibrary.com/?page_id=62820">"Ontario F3"</a>. <i>Windsor Public Library</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200717080615/https://www.windsorpubliclibrary.com/?page_id=62820">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weather.gov&rft.atitle=Tornado+Listing&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Flmk%2Ftornado_list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erh.noaa.gov/iln/events/19740403/aerial.php">"Aerial Damage Photographs"</a>. <i>NWS Wilmington, OH</i>. NOAA. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NWS+Wilmington%2C+OH&rft.atitle=Aerial+Damage+Photographs&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erh.noaa.gov%2Filn%2Fevents%2F19740403%2Faerial.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenfield2003" class="citation book cs1">Rosenfield, Jeffrey (2003). <i>Eye of The Storm: Inside the World's Deadliest Tornadoes, Hurricanes, and Blizzards</i>. 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Ohiohistory.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohiohistory.org/etcetera/exhibits/swio/pages/content/1974_tornado.htm">the original</a> on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=April+3%2C+1974%3A+Xenia+Tornado&rft.pub=Ohiohistory.org&rft.au=Ohio+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiohistory.org%2Fetcetera%2Fexhibits%2Fswio%2Fpages%2Fcontent%2F1974_tornado.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=53867">"April 3, 1974 Xenia Tornado Memorial Marker"</a>. Hmdb.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230027/http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=53867">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=April+3%2C+1974+Xenia+Tornado+Memorial+Marker&rft.pub=Hmdb.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3Fmarker%3D53867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xenia&Cincinnati-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xenia&Cincinnati_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xenia&Cincinnati_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xenia&Cincinnati_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidlinSchmidlin1996" class="citation book cs1">Schmidlin, Thomas W.; Schmidlin, Jeanne Appelhans (August 9, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QANPLARGXFMC&q=1974+xenia+cincinnati+tornado&pg=PA283"><i>Thunder in the Heartland: A Chronicle of Outstanding Weather Events in Ohio</i></a>. Kent State University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">283–</span>288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873385497" title="Special:BookSources/9780873385497"><bdi>9780873385497</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042733/https://books.google.com/books?id=QANPLARGXFMC&q=1974+xenia+cincinnati+tornado&pg=PA283#v=snippet&q=1974%20xenia%20cincinnati%20tornado&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thunder+in+the+Heartland%3A+A+Chronicle+of+Outstanding+Weather+Events+in+Ohio&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E288&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1996-08-09&rft.isbn=9780873385497&rft.aulast=Schmidlin&rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&rft.au=Schmidlin%2C+Jeanne+Appelhans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQANPLARGXFMC%26q%3D1974%2Bxenia%2Bcincinnati%2Btornado%26pg%3DPA283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/">"Inflation Calculator | Find US Dollar's Value from 1913 to 2015"</a>. Usinflationcalculator.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028120632/http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inflation+Calculator+%26%23124%3B+Find+US+Dollar%27s+Value+from+1913+to+2015&rft.pub=Usinflationcalculator.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinflationcalculator.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFujita1974" class="citation web cs1">Fujita, T. Theodore (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/media/ohx/PDF/fujita_april31974.pdf">"Jumbo Tornado Outbreak of 3 April 1974"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001234232/https://www.weather.gov/media/ohx/PDF/fujita_april31974.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jumbo+Tornado+Outbreak+of+3+April+1974&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Fujita&rft.aufirst=T.+Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fmedia%2Fohx%2FPDF%2Ffujita_april31974.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNWS_Northern_Indiana" class="citation web cs1">NWS Northern Indiana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crh.noaa.gov/iwx/?n=superoutbreak">"The Monticello Tornado"</a>. NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090509080831/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/iwx/?n=superoutbreak">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Monticello+Tornado&rft.pub=NOAA&rft.au=NWS+Northern+Indiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crh.noaa.gov%2Fiwx%2F%3Fn%3Dsuperoutbreak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crh.noaa.gov-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crh.noaa.gov_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crh.noaa.gov_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crh.noaa.gov/iwx/?n=superoutbreak">"Northern Indiana"</a>. Crh.noaa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011737/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/iwx/?n=superoutbreak">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Indiana&rft.pub=Crh.noaa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crh.noaa.gov%2Fiwx%2F%3Fn%3Dsuperoutbreak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous" class="citation web cs1">Anonymous. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018173858/http://www.april31974.com/monticelloin_page2.htm#Business%20District%20Sustained%20Major%20Damage">"Monticello, Indiana April 3, 1974: Fort Wayne Girl Survives Van's Plunge"</a>. The Monticello Herald Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.april31974.com/monticelloin_page2.htm#Business%20District%20Sustained%20Major%20Damage">the original</a> on October 18, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monticello%2C+Indiana+April+3%2C+1974%3A+Fort+Wayne+Girl+Survives+Van%27s+Plunge&rft.pub=The+Monticello+Herald+Journal&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.april31974.com%2Fmonticelloin_page2.htm%23Business%2520District%2520Sustained%2520Major%2520Damage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www4.ncdc.noaa.gov-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www4.ncdc.noaa.gov_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www4.ncdc.noaa.gov_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110505093502/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent~Storms">"Storm Events"</a>. NOAA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms">the original</a> on May 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Storm+Events&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww4.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fcgi-win%2Fwwcgi.dll%3Fwwevent~storms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous" class="citation web cs1">Anonymous. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061105110808/http://www.april31974.com/monticelloin_page3.htm#122-year-old%20Bell%20Survives">"Monticello, Indiana April 3, 1974: 122-year-old Bell Survives"</a>. The Monticello Herald Journal. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monticello%2C+Indiana+April+3%2C+1974%3A+122-year-old+Bell+Survives&rft.pub=The+Monticello+Herald+Journal&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.april31974.com%2Fmonticelloin_page3.htm%23122-year-old%2520Bell%2520Survives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=10032288">"Kentucky Event Report: F5 Tornado"</a>. <i>NOAA</i>. Storm Events Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108160839/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=10032288">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NWS+Huntsville%2C+AL&rft.atitle=Limestone+County+Damage+Pictures+on+the+Ground&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fhun%2F%3Fn%3Dlimestoneal_grounddam_1974aniv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=madisonal_grounddam_1974_aniv">"Madison County Damage Pictures on the Ground"</a>. <i>NWS Huntsville, AL</i>. NOAA. March 29, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330221748/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=madisonal_grounddam_1974_aniv">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NWS+Huntsville%2C+AL&rft.atitle=Madison+County+Damage+Pictures+on+the+Ground&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fhun%2F%3Fn%3Dmadisonal_grounddam_1974_aniv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=aer_zoom_nw">"Never Before Seen Aerial Pictures of Tornado Damage Taken by Madison County, AL"</a>. <i>NWS Huntsville, AL</i>. NOAA. March 29, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330220312/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=aer_zoom_nw">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NWS+Huntsville%2C+AL&rft.atitle=Never+Before+Seen+Aerial+Pictures+of+Tornado+Damage+Taken+by+Madison+County%2C+AL&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fhun%2F%3Fn%3Daer_zoom_nw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407184815/http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/storms/alabama.html">"NOAA and the 1974 Tornado Outbreak – Alabama"</a>. Publicaffairs.noaa.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/storms/alabama.html">the original</a> on April 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOAA+and+the+1974+Tornado+Outbreak+%E2%80%93+Alabama&rft.pub=Publicaffairs.noaa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicaffairs.noaa.gov%2Fstorms%2Falabama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Night_to_Remember-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Night_to_Remember_57-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2014" class="citation web cs1">Jordan, Charles (March 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185947/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/hun/media/1974/April%203%2C%201974%20%20A%20Night%20to%20Remember.pdf">"A Night to Remember"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NWS Huntsville, AL</i>. NOAA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/hun/media/1974/April%203,%201974%20%20A%20Night%20to%20Remember.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NWS+Huntsville%2C+AL&rft.atitle=A+Night+to+Remember&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fimages%2Fhun%2Fmedia%2F1974%2FApril%25203%2C%25201974%2520%2520A%2520Night%2520to%2520Remember.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-srh.noaa.gov-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-srh.noaa.gov_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-srh.noaa.gov_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-srh.noaa.gov_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=toryear1974">"NWS Huntsville 1974 Tornadoes"</a>. Srh.noaa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035847/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=toryear1974">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NWS+Huntsville+1974+Tornadoes&rft.pub=Srh.noaa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fhun%2F%3Fn%3Dtoryear1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNWS_Birmingham2006" class="citation web cs1">NWS Birmingham (March 22, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080623173514/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/significant_events/1974/april_1974_superoutbreak/index.php">"The April 3rd and 4th 1974 Tornado Outbreak in Alabama"</a>. NOAA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/significant_events/1974/april_1974_superoutbreak/index.php">the original</a> on June 23, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+April+3rd+and+4th+1974+Tornado+Outbreak+in+Alabama&rft.pub=NOAA&rft.date=2006-03-22&rft.au=NWS+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fbmx%2Fsignificant_events%2F1974%2Fapril_1974_superoutbreak%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=f5">"NWS Huntsville F5 or EF5 Tornadoes"</a>. Srh.noaa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024819/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/?n=f5">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NWS+Huntsville+F5+or+EF5+Tornadoes&rft.pub=Srh.noaa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fhun%2F%3Fn%3Df5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMX1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMX1_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/?n=tornadodb_1974">"Alabama Tornado Database—Year 1974 Tornadoes"</a>. <i>Alabama Tornado Database</i>. Birmingham, Alabama: National Weather Service. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731130417/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/?n=tornadodb_1974">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alabama+Tornado+Database&rft.atitle=Alabama+Tornado+Database%E2%80%94Year+1974+Tornadoes&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fbmx%2F%3Fn%3Dtornadodb_1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100927055027/http://emforum.org/vlibrary/lc010321.htm">"3/21/01 EIIP Virtual Forum Transcript: The Lawrence County Supercell, the Forgotten F5"</a>. Emforum.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/lc010321.htm">the original</a> on September 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3%2F21%2F01+EIIP+Virtual+Forum+Transcript%3A+The+Lawrence+County+Supercell%2C+the+Forgotten+F5&rft.pub=Emforum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emforum.org%2Fvlibrary%2Flc010321.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorm_Prediction_Center" class="citation web cs1">Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f5torns.html">"F5 Tornadoes of the United States: 1950–present"</a>. NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060930144117/http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f5torns.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F5+Tornadoes+of+the+United+States%3A+1950%E2%80%93present&rft.pub=NOAA&rft.au=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Ffaq%2Ftornado%2Ff5torns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NxkfAAAAIBAJ&dq=guin&pg=5698%2C658032">"Scene looks like work of monster"</a>. <i>The Tuscaloosa News</i>. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. April 5, 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222023634/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NxkfAAAAIBAJ&dq=guin&pg=5698,658032">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tuscaloosa+News&rft.atitle=Scene+looks+like+work+of+monster&rft.date=1974-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DNxkfAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dguin%26pg%3D5698%252C658032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8UoeAAAAIBAJ&pg=3385,327355&dq=bill+herman+guin+tornado&hl=en">"Few signs remain of tornado's fury"</a>. <i>The Times Daily</i>. Unknown. April 3, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230126211844/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8UoeAAAAIBAJ&pg=3385,327355&dq=bill+herman+guin+tornado&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Daily&rft.atitle=Few+signs+remain+of+tornado%27s+fury&rft.date=1994-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D8UoeAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3385%2C327355%26dq%3Dbill%2Bherman%2Bguin%2Btornado%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Elliott, J.B. (October 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJoMcJUc6yg"><i>April 3–4 Superoutbreak of tornadoes</i></a> (motion picture). Alabama: ABC33/40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/CJoMcJUc6yg">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=April+3%E2%80%934+Superoutbreak+of+tornadoes&rft.place=Alabama&rft.pub=ABC33%2F40&rft.date=2006-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCJoMcJUc6yg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-td040403-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-td040403_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherer2004" class="citation news cs1">Sherer, Dennis (April 3, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g_shAAAAIBAJ&pg=1409,304037&dq=national-weather-service+radio+huntsville&hl=en">"Night of April 3, 1974, marked change in severe weather alerts, preparedness"</a>. Florence, AL: <a href="/wiki/TimesDaily" title="TimesDaily">TimesDaily</a>. p. B1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728133447/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g_shAAAAIBAJ&pg=1409,304037&dq=national-weather-service+radio+huntsville&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Night+of+April+3%2C+1974%2C+marked+change+in+severe+weather+alerts%2C+preparedness&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=2004-04-03&rft.aulast=Sherer&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dg_shAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1409%2C304037%26dq%3Dnational-weather-service%2Bradio%2Bhuntsville%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080130140816/http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/storms/alabama.html">"NOAA and the 1974 Tornado Outbreak"</a>. NOAA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/storms/alabama.html">the original</a> on January 30, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOAA+and+the+1974+Tornado+Outbreak&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicaffairs.noaa.gov%2Fstorms%2Falabama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNWS_Birmingham" class="citation web cs1">NWS Birmingham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408035758/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/tornadoes/1974.php">"Alabama Tornado Database (1974 tornadoes)"</a>. NOAA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/tornadoes/1974.php">the original</a> on April 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alabama+Tornado+Database+%281974+tornadoes%29&rft.pub=NOAA&rft.au=NWS+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fbmx%2Ftornadoes%2F1974.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaconNews_0405-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaconNews_0405_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaconNews_0405_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"North Georgia Hit Hard By Tornadoes". <i>The Macon News</i>. Associated Press. April 5, 1974 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Macon+News&rft.atitle=North+Georgia+Hit+Hard+By+Tornadoes&rft.date=1974-04-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123543586/">1A</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042725/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-news/123543586/">Archived</a> January 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123543611/">2A</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042626/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-news/123543611/">Archived</a> January 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-BeckleyPostHerald_0405-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeckleyPostHerald_0405_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123490910/">"2 Tornadoes Reported In County"</a>. <i>Beckley Post-Herald</i>. April 5, 1974. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042627/https://www.newspapers.com/article/beckley-post-herald/123490910/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beckley+Post-Herald&rft.atitle=2+Tornadoes+Reported+In+County&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1974-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F123490910%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaconTelegraph_0405-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MaconTelegraph_0405_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"State Damage Near $16 Million; Carter Asks U.S. Disaster Aid". <i>The Macon Telegraph</i>. United Press International. April 5, 1974 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Macon+Telegraph&rft.atitle=State+Damage+Near+%2416+Million%3B+Carter+Asks+U.S.+Disaster+Aid&rft.date=1974-04-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123530935/">1A</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042745/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-telegraph/123530935/">Archived</a> January 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123531034/">2A</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042728/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-telegraph/123531034/">Archived</a> January 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-RaleighRegister_0405-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0405_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0405_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0405_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123491682/">"Area Residents Begin Clearing Up Tornado Wreckage"</a>. <i>The Raleigh Register</i>. April 5, 1974. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Raleigh+Register&rft.atitle=Area+Residents+Begin+Clearing+Up+Tornado+Wreckage&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1974-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F123491682%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CharlestonDailyMail_0411-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CharlestonDailyMail_0411_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123497510/">"4 Counties Due Full Tornado Aid"</a>. <i>The Charleston Daily Mail</i>. April 11, 1974. p. 1A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126042731/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charleston-daily-mail/123497510/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Charleston+Daily+Mail&rft.atitle=4+Counties+Due+Full+Tornado+Aid&rft.pages=1A&rft.date=1974-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F123497510%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeckleyPostHerald_0411-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeckleyPostHerald_0411_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123490036/">"Red Cross Completes Tornado Damage List"</a>. <i>Beckley Post-Herald</i>. April 11, 1974. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126044138/https://www.newspapers.com/article/beckley-post-herald/123490036/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beckley+Post-Herald&rft.atitle=Red+Cross+Completes+Tornado+Damage+List&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1974-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F123490036%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RaleighRegister_0411-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RaleighRegister_0411_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123497585/">"Local Tornado Victims To Get Aid"</a>. <i>The Raleigh Register</i>. April 11, 1974. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106032847/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-raleigh-register/123497585/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Raleigh+Register&rft.atitle=Local+Tornado+Victims+To+Get+Aid&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1974-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F123497585%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123497401/">"Senate Panel Votes Easier Tornado Aid"</a>. <i>Beckley Post-Herald</i>. Associated Press. April 10, 1974. p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106032847/https://www.newspapers.com/article/beckley-post-herald/123497401/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beckley+Post-Herald&rft.atitle=Senate+Panel+Votes+Easier+Tornado+Aid&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1974-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F123497401%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/93-1974/s719">"To Pass S.3062, The Disaster Relief Bill"</a>. GovTrack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425064404/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/93-1974/s719">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+Pass+S.3062%2C+The+Disaster+Relief+Bill&rft.pub=GovTrack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F93-1974%2Fs719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest1974" class="citation news cs1">West, Daniel F. (April 13, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123497637/">"Relief Bill Refined"</a>. <i>The Charleston Daily Mail</i>. p. 5A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106032848/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charleston-daily-mail/123497637/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Charleston+Daily+Mail&rft.atitle=Relief+Bill+Refined&rft.pages=5A&rft.date=1974-04-13&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Daniel+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F123497637%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg143-2.pdf">"Public Law 93-288 – May 22, 1974"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of the United States. May 22, 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425064359/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg143-2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Law+93-288+%E2%80%93+May+22%2C+1974&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+States&rft.date=1974-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FSTATUTE-88%2Fpdf%2FSTATUTE-88-Pg143-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Statistics_of_April_3%E2%80%934,_1974_Tornadoes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Statistics of April 3–4, 1974 Tornadoes">”Statistics of April 3–4, 1974 Tornadoes” by Dr. Fujita</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>Tornado! the 1974 super outbreak</i>, by Jacqueline A. Ball; consultant, Daniel H. Franck. New York: Bearport Pub., 2005. 32 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59716-009-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-59716-009-1">1-59716-009-1</a> (lib. bdg), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1597160326" title="Special:BookSources/1597160326">1597160326</a> (paperback).</li> <li><i>Tornado at Xenia, April 3, 1974</i>, by Barbara Lynn Riedel; photography by Peter Wayne Kyryl. Cleveland, OH, 1974. 95 pages. No ISBN is available. Library of Congress Control Number: 75314665.</li> <li><i>Tornado</i>, by Polk Laffoon IV. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. 244 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-012489-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-012489-X">0-06-012489-X</a>.</li> <li><i>Tornado alley: monster storms of the Great Plains</i>, by Howard B. Bluestein. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 180 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-510552-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-510552-4">0-19-510552-4</a> (acid-free paper).</li> <li><i>Delivery of mental health services in disasters: the Xenia tornado and some implications</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Verta_Taylor" title="Verta Taylor">Verta A. Taylor</a>, with G. Alexander Ross and E. L. Quarantelli. Columbus, OH: Disaster Research Center, Ohio State University, 1976. 328 pages. There is no ISBN available. Library of Congress Control Number: 76380740.</li> <li><i>The widespread tornado outbreak of April 3–4, 1974: a report to the Administrator</i>. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1974. 42 pages. There is no ISBN available. Library of Congress Control Number: 75601597.</li> <li><i>The tornado</i>, by John Edward Weems. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1977. 180 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-07178-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-07178-7">0-385-07178-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2004" class="citation book cs1">Butler, William S., ed. (2004). <i>Tornado: A look back at Louisville's dark day, April 3, 1974. A 30th Anniversary Publication</i>. Butler Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884532-58-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884532-58-0"><bdi>978-1-884532-58-0</bdi></a>. 176 pages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tornado%3A+A+look+back+at+Louisville%27s+dark+day%2C+April+3%2C+1974.+A+30th+Anniversary+Publication&rft.pub=Butler+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-884532-58-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeitz1974" class="citation book cs1">Deitz, Robert E.; et al., eds. (1974). <i>April 3, 1974: Tornado!</i>. introduction by John Ed Pearce. The Courier-Journal and The Louisville Times. 128 pages. Library of Congress Catalog Number 74-80806.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=April+3%2C+1974%3A+Tornado%21&rft.pub=The+Courier-Journal+and+The+Louisville+Times&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartsfieldGarrMorrisetteHarris1974" class="citation book cs1">Hartsfield, Ray J; Garr, Robin; Morrisette, Phyllis; Harris, Jay; Knapp, Dave; Scott, Tom; Cowan, Terry; Woosley, Mary Ann; Hammer, Allen (1974). <i>April 3, 1974: The Kentucky Tornadoes</i>. C. F. Boone. 96 pages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=April+3%2C+1974%3A+The+Kentucky+Tornadoes&rft.pub=C.+F.+Boone&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Hartsfield&rft.aufirst=Ray+J&rft.au=Garr%2C+Robin&rft.au=Morrisette%2C+Phyllis&rft.au=Harris%2C+Jay&rft.au=Knapp%2C+Dave&rft.au=Scott%2C+Tom&rft.au=Cowan%2C+Terry&rft.au=Woosley%2C+Mary+Ann&rft.au=Hammer%2C+Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2007" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Mark (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/f5devastationsur00levi"><i>F5: Devastation, Survival and the Most Violent Tornado Outbreak of the Twentieth Century</i></a>. Hyperion, New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-5220-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-5220-2"><bdi>978-1-4013-5220-2</bdi></a>. 307 pages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F5%3A+Devastation%2C+Survival+and+the+Most+Violent+Tornado+Outbreak+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Hyperion%2C+New+York&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-5220-2&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ff5devastationsur00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1974+Super+Outbreak" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/1974_Super_Outbreak" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/1974 Super Outbreak">1974 Super Outbreak</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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Outbreak</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> (Tornado History Project)</li> <li>US National Weather Service (NWS) weather forecast office webpages <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/ind/april3_1974tor">April 3, 1974 Superoutbreak</a> (NWS Indianapolis, IN)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/iwx/19740403_superoutbreak">The Monticello Tornado</a> (NWS Northern Indiana)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/iln/19740403">The Super Outbreak of April 3–4, 1974</a> (NWS Wilmington, OH)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/ohx/19740403">April 3, 1974 Super Outbreak</a> (NWS Nashville, TN)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/lmk/april31974">April 3, 1974</a> (NWS Louisville, KY)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/bmx/event_04031974">The April 3rd and 4th 1974 Tornado Outbreak in Alabama</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408035758/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/tornadoes/1974.php">1974 Alabama tornado table</a> (NWS Birmingham, AL)</li></ul></li> <li>NOAA-NWS-NCEP <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a> slideshows: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/74outbreak_slides/index.html">The Super Outbreak: Outbreak of the Century</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/74apr3_slides/index.html">The 3–4 April 1974 Super Outbreak: Outbreak of the Century</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610215522/http://www.april31974.com/">Tornado Super Outbreak April 3, 1974 website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117205902/http://www.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/sotc/storm2/page1.html">The Weather Channel's <i>Storm of the Century</i> list – #2 The Super Outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Meteorological_Society" title="American Meteorological Society">American Meteorological Society</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ams.confex.com/ams/11aram22sls/techprogram/paper_82203.htm">The Super Outbreak: Outbreak of the Century</a> (22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ams.confex.com/ams/11aram22sls/techprogram/paper_81713.htm">Potential insurance losses from a major tornado outbreak: the 1974 Super Outbreak example</a> (22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/wefo/25/2/2009waf2222297_1.xml">Revisiting the 3–4 April 1974 Super Outbreak of Tornadoes</a> (Weather and Forecasting)</li></ul></li> <li>Coverage from <a href="/wiki/WHAS-TV" title="WHAS-TV">WHAS-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/WHAS-AM" class="mw-redirect" title="WHAS-AM">WHAS-AM</a>, Louisville, Kentucky <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lkyradio.com/WHASairchecks.htm#tornado">"WHAS Radio Covers the April 3, 1974 Tornado Disaster," excellent-quality recorded coverage of the tornado at LKYRadio.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050417130300/http://www.whas11.com/perl/common/video/wmPlayer.pl?title=www.whas11.com%2Ftornado006.wmv">Super Outbreak 30th Anniversary Special</a></li> <li>April 3, 1974 Live Breaking News Coverage: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050911120544/http://www.whas11.com/perl/common/video/wmPlayer.pl?title=www.whas11.com%2Ftornado007.wmv">Part 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625074506/http://www.whas11.com/perl/common/video/wmPlayer.pl?title=www.whas11.com%2Ftornado008.wmv">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.54353"><i>Day of the Killer Tornadoes (1978)</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>Footage is included in <a href="//archive.org/details/encounter-with-disaster-1979" class="extiw" title="iarchive:encounter-with-disaster-1979"><i>Encounters with Disaster</i> (1979)</a>, directed by Charles E. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Super_Outbreak" title="Template:1974 Super Outbreak"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:1974_Super_Outbreak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:1974 Super Outbreak (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1974_Super_Outbreak" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1974 Super Outbreak"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1974_Super_Outbreak91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1974 Super Outbreak</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_tornadoes_in_the_1974_Super_Outbreak" title="List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak">List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual tornadoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1974_Cincinnati_tornado" title="1974 Cincinnati tornado">Cincinnati-Sayler Park, OH (F5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Xenia_tornado" title="1974 Xenia tornado">Xenia, OH (F5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Tanner_tornadoes" title="1974 Tanner tornadoes">Tanner, AL (F5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Tanner_tornadoes" title="1974 Tanner tornadoes">Tanner-Harvest, AL (F5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Guin_tornado" title="1974 Guin tornado">Guin, AL (F5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Brandenburg_tornado" title="1974 Brandenburg tornado">Brandenburg, KY (F5)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="F5,_EF5,_and_IF5_tornadoes65" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:F5,_EF5,_and_IF5_tornadoes" title="Template:F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:F5,_EF5,_and_IF5_tornadoes" title="Template talk:F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:F5,_EF5,_and_IF5_tornadoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="F5,_EF5,_and_IF5_tornadoes65" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_F5,_EF5,_and_IF5_tornadoes" title="List of F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes">F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1764_Woldegk_tornado" title="1764 Woldegk tornado">Woldegk 1764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_Hainichen_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1800 Hainichen tornado">Hainichen 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1845_Montville_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1845 Montville tornado">Montville 1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Bowen_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1876 Bowen tornado">Bowen 1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tri-State_Tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tri-State Tornado">Tri-State 1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Montello_tornado" title="1930 Montello tornado">Montello 1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Waco_tornado" title="1953 Waco tornado">Waco 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Fort_Rice_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1953 Fort Rice tornado">Fort Rice 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Flint%E2%80%93Beecher_tornado" title="1953 Flint–Beecher tornado">Flint 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Anita_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1953 Anita tornado">Anita 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Vicksburg_tornado" title="1953 Vicksburg tornado">Vicksburg 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Blackwell_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 Blackwell tornado">Blackwell 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Udall_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 Udall tornado">Udall 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Hudsonville_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 Hudsonville tornado">Hudsonville 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Ruskin_Heights_tornado" title="1957 Ruskin Heights tornado">Ruskin Heights 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo_tornado" title="Fargo tornado">Fargo 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Sunfield_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1957 Sunfield tornado">Sunfield 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Colfax_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 Colfax tornado">Colfax 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Prague_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 Prague tornado">Prague 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Wichita_Falls_tornado" title="1964 Wichita Falls tornado">Wichita Falls 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Central_Nebraska_tornado" title="1964 Central Nebraska tornado">Bradshaw 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Gregory_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1965 Gregory tornado">Gregory 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Candlestick_Park_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 Candlestick Park tornado">Jackson 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Topeka_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 Topeka tornado">Topeka 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Belmond_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 Belmond tornado">Belmond 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Palluel_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Palluel tornado">Palluel 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Wheelersburg_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Wheelersburg tornado">Wheelersburg 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Hansell-Charles_City_tornado" title="1968 Hansell-Charles City tornado">Hansell-Charles City 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Oelwein_tornado" title="1968 Oelwein tornado">Oelwein 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Tracy_tornado" title="1968 Tracy tornado">Tracy 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock_tornado" title="Lubbock tornado">Lubbock 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Inverness_tornado" title="1971 Inverness tornado">Waverly 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Justo_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="San Justo tornado">San Justo 1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Valley_Mills_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 Valley Mills tornado">Valley Mills 1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Depauw_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Depauw tornado">Depauw 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Xenia_tornado" title="1974 Xenia tornado">Xenia 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Brandenburg_tornado" title="1974 Brandenburg tornado">Brandenburg 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Cincinnati_tornado" title="1974 Cincinnati tornado">Cincinnati-Sayler Park 1974</a></li> <li>Tanner 1974 (<a href="/wiki/1974_Tanner_tornadoes" title="1974 Tanner tornadoes">1st</a>, <a href="/wiki/1974_Tanner_tornadoes" title="1974 Tanner tornadoes">2nd</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Guin_tornado" title="1974 Guin tornado">Guin 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Spiro_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Spiro tornado">Spiro 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Brownwood_tornado" title="1976 Brownwood tornado">Brownwood 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Jordan_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Jordan tornado">Jordan 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Birmingham_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Birmingham tornado">Birmingham 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Messer_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Messer tornado">Messer 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Barneveld_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1984 Barneveld tornado">Barneveld 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Niles_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Niles tornado">Niles 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Hesston_and_Goessel_tornado_family" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Hesston and Goessel tornado family">Hesston 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Hesston_and_Goessel_tornado_family" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Hesston and Goessel tornado family">Goessel 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Plainfield_tornado" title="1990 Plainfield tornado">Plainfield 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Andover_tornado" title="1991 Andover tornado">Andover 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Chandler%E2%80%93Lake_Wilson_tornado" title="1992 Chandler–Lake Wilson tornado">Chandler 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Oakfield_tornado_outbreak" title="1996 Oakfield tornado outbreak">Oakfield 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Jarrell_tornado" title="1997 Jarrell tornado">Jarrell 1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Birmingham_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Birmingham tornado">Oak Grove 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Lawrence_County_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Lawrence County tornado">Lawrence County 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Bridge_Creek%E2%80%93Moore_tornado" title="1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado">Bridge Creek 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Greensburg_tornado" title="2007 Greensburg tornado">Greensburg 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Elie_tornado" title="2007 Elie tornado">Elie 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Parkersburg_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Parkersburg tornado">Parkersburg 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Philadelphia,_Mississippi_tornado" title="2011 Philadelphia, Mississippi tornado">Philadelphia 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Hackleburg%E2%80%93Phil_Campbell_tornado" title="2011 Hackleburg–Phil Campbell tornado">Hackleburg–Phil Campbell 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Smithville_tornado" title="2011 Smithville tornado">Smithville 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Rainsville_tornado" title="2011 Rainsville tornado">Rainsville 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Joplin_tornado" title="2011 Joplin tornado">Joplin 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_El_Reno%E2%80%93Piedmont_tornado" title="2011 El Reno–Piedmont tornado">El Reno 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Moore_tornado" title="2013 Moore tornado">Moore 2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="10_deadliest_Canadian_tornadoes400" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:10_deadliest_Canadian_tornadoes" title="Template:10 deadliest Canadian tornadoes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:10_deadliest_Canadian_tornadoes" title="Template talk:10 deadliest Canadian tornadoes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:10_deadliest_Canadian_tornadoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:10 deadliest Canadian tornadoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="10_deadliest_Canadian_tornadoes400" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">10 deadliest <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_tornadoes_and_tornado_outbreaks_(before_2001)" title="List of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks (before 2001)">Canadian tornadoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Rank</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Location</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Date</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Deaths</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#DDDDFF;width:10%;"><div> <ul><li><i><b>1</b></i></li> <li><i><b>2</b></i></li> <li><i><b>3</b></i></li> <li><i><b>4</b></i></li> <li><i><b>=5</b></i></li> <li><i><b>=5</b></i></li> <li><i><b>7</b></i></li> <li><i><b>=8</b></i></li> <li><i><b>=8</b></i></li> <li><i><b>=8</b></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:30%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Cyclone" title="Regina Cyclone">Regina, Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_tornado" title="Edmonton tornado">Edmonton, Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Windsor%E2%80%93Tecumseh_tornado" title="1946 Windsor–Tecumseh tornado">Windsor–Tecumseh, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Lake_tornado" title="Pine Lake tornado">Pine Lake, Alberta</a></li> <li>Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Windsor, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Barrie_tornado" title="1985 Barrie tornado">Barrie, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_tornado" title="Sudbury tornado">Sudbury, Ontario</a></li> <li>Sainte-Rose, Quebec</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_United_States%E2%80%93Canada_tornado_outbreak" title="1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak">Grand Valley, Ontario</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:30%;"><div> <ul><li>June 30, 1912</li> <li>July 31, 1987</li> <li>June 17, 1946</li> <li>July 14, 2000</li> <li>August 16, 1888</li> <li>April 3, 1974</li> <li>May 31, 1985</li> <li>August 20, 1970</li> <li>June 14, 1892</li> <li>May 31, 1985</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:30%;"><div> <ul><li>≥28</li> <li>27</li> <li>17</li> <li>12</li> <li>9<br />9</li> <li>8</li> <li>6<br />6<br />6</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><b>See also:</b></i> <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_tornadoes_and_tornado_outbreaks_(since_2001)" title="List of Canadian tornadoes and tornado outbreaks (since 2001)">Canadian tornadoes (since 2001)</a></i></li> <li><i><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225055137/http://www.iclr.org/pdf/Final%20Tornado%20Barrie%20case%20study%20paper%20March%202002.pdf">Environment Canada (PDF)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tornado_events_in_Alabama61" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alabama_tornado_events" title="Template:Alabama tornado events"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alabama_tornado_events" title="Template talk:Alabama tornado events"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alabama_tornado_events" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alabama tornado events"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tornado_events_in_Alabama61" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alabama_tornado_events" title="Template:Alabama tornado events">Tornado events in Alabama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1875_Southeast_tornado_outbreak" title="March 1875 Southeast tornado outbreak">March 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigma_tornado_outbreak" title="Enigma tornado outbreak">February 1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Dixie_tornado_outbreak" title="1908 Dixie tornado outbreak">April 1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_March_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913">March 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_25_%E2%80%93_June_1,_1917" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917">May 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Palm_Sunday_tornado_outbreak" title="1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak">Palm Sunday (March) 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1920_tornado_outbreak" title="April 1920 tornado outbreak">April 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Deep_South_tornado_outbreak" title="1932 Deep South tornado outbreak">March 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_4%E2%80%9310,_1933" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933">May 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Cordele%E2%80%93Greensboro_tornado_outbreak" title="1936 Cordele–Greensboro tornado outbreak">Early-April 1936 (April 1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Tupelo%E2%80%93Gainesville_tornado_outbreak" title="1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak">Early-April 1936 (April 5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_16%E2%80%9317,_1942" title="Tornado outbreak of March 16–17, 1942">March 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_12,_1945" title="Tornado outbreak of February 12, 1945">February 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_12,_1945" title="Tornado outbreak of April 12, 1945">April 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_13,_1952" title="Tornado outbreak of February 13, 1952">Mid-February 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_Leap_Day_1952" title="Tornado outbreak of Leap Day 1952">Late-February 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_21%E2%80%9322,_1952" title="Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952">March 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_April_28_%E2%80%93_May_2,_1953" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of April 28 – May 2, 1953">May 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_December_1%E2%80%936,_1953" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of December 1–6, 1953">December 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_5,_1954" title="Tornado outbreak of December 5, 1954">December 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_McDonald_Chapel_tornado" title="1956 McDonald Chapel tornado">April 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_8,_1957" title="Tornado outbreak of April 8, 1957">April 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_7%E2%80%938,_1957" title="Tornado outbreak of November 7–8, 1957">November 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_December_18%E2%80%9320,_1957" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of December 18–20, 1957">December 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1960_tornado_outbreak_sequence" title="May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence">May 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_24%E2%88%9225,_1961" title="Tornado outbreak of February 24−25, 1961">February 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_April_23%E2%80%9330,_1961" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of April 23–30, 1961">April 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carla_tornado_outbreak" title="Hurricane Carla tornado outbreak">Hurricane Carla 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_30%E2%80%9331,_1962" title="Tornado outbreak of March 30–31, 1962">March 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hilda_tornado_outbreak" title="Hurricane Hilda tornado outbreak">Hurricane Hilda 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Candlestick_Park_tornado_outbreak" title="1966 Candlestick Park tornado outbreak">March 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Central_Alabama_tornado" title="1973 Central Alabama tornado">May 1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_1%E2%80%932,_1974" title="Tornado outbreak of April 1–2, 1974">Early-April 1974</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Super Outbreak 1974</a> (<a href="/wiki/1974_Tanner_tornadoes" title="1974 Tanner tornadoes">Tanner, AL</a>) <b>·</b>  (<a href="/wiki/1974_Guin_tornado" title="1974 Guin tornado">Guin, AL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1975" title="Great Storm of 1975">January 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_1977" title="Tornado outbreak of April 1977">April 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Red_River_Valley_tornado_outbreak" title="1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak">April 1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1989_tornado_outbreak" title="November 1989 tornado outbreak">November 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_21%E2%80%9323,_1992" title="Tornado outbreak of November 21–23, 1992">November 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Palm_Sunday_tornado_outbreak" title="1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak">Palm Sunday 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_6%E2%80%9327,_1995" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 6–27, 1995">May 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_April_1996" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1996">April 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Kissimmee_tornado_outbreak" title="1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak">February 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_6%E2%80%939,_1998" title="Tornado outbreak of April 6–9, 1998">April 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_16,_2000" title="Tornado outbreak of December 16, 2000">December 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_23%E2%80%9324,_2001" title="Tornado outbreak of November 23–24, 2001">November 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Veterans_Day_weekend_tornado_outbreak" title="2002 Veterans Day weekend tornado outbreak">Veterans Day 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_2003" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003">May 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_22%E2%80%9324,_2004" title="Tornado outbreak of November 22–24, 2004">November 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina_tornado_outbreak" title="Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak">Hurricane Katrina 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_15,_2005" title="Tornado outbreak of November 15, 2005">Mid-November 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_27%E2%80%9328,_2005" title="Tornado outbreak of November 27–28, 2005">Late-November 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_March_9%E2%80%9313,_2006" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of March 9–13, 2006">March 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_September_21%E2%80%9323,_2006" title="Tornado outbreak of September 21–23, 2006">September 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_14%E2%80%9316,_2006" title="Tornado outbreak of November 14–16, 2006">Mid-November 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Winter_2006_North_American_storm_complex" title="Early Winter 2006 North American storm complex">Late-November 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_28_%E2%80%93_March_2,_2007" title="Tornado outbreak of February 28 – March 2, 2007">March 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_October_17%E2%80%9319,_2007" title="Tornado outbreak of October 17–19, 2007">October 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_January_7%E2%80%9311,_2008" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of January 7–11, 2008">January 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Super_Tuesday_tornado_outbreak" title="2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak">Super Tuesday 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Atlanta_tornado_outbreak" title="2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak">March 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_9%E2%80%9311,_2009" title="Tornado outbreak of April 9–11, 2009">April 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2009_derecho_series" title="May 2009 derecho series">May 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_22%E2%80%9325,_2010" title="Tornado outbreak of April 22–25, 2010">April 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2010_North_American_storm_complex" title="October 2010 North American storm complex">October 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_9%E2%80%9311,_2011" title="Tornado outbreak of April 9–11, 2011">Early-April 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_14%E2%80%9316,_2011" title="Tornado outbreak of April 14–16, 2011">Mid-April 2011 (April 14-16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_April_19%E2%80%9324,_2011" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of April 19–24, 2011">Mid-April 2011 (April 19-24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Super_Outbreak" title="2011 Super Outbreak">Super Outbreak 2011</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Cullman_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Cullman tornado">Cullman, AL</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/2011_Hackleburg%E2%80%93Phil_Campbell_tornado" title="2011 Hackleburg–Phil Campbell tornado">Hackleburg–Phil Campbell, AL</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/2011_Smithville_tornado" title="2011 Smithville tornado">Smithville, MS</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/2011_Tuscaloosa%E2%80%93Birmingham_tornado" title="2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado">Tuscaloosa–Birmingham, AL</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/2011_Cordova%E2%80%93Blountsville_tornado" title="2011 Cordova–Blountsville tornado">Cordova–Blountsville, AL</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/2011_Ringgold%E2%80%93Apison_tornado" title="2011 Ringgold–Apison tornado">Ringgold, GA/Apison, TN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_21%E2%80%9326,_2011" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 21–26, 2011">May 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_14%E2%80%9316,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado outbreak of November 14–16, 2011">November 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Center_Point%E2%80%93Clay_tornado" title="2012 Center Point–Clay tornado">January 2012 (Center Point–Clay, AL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_2%E2%80%933,_2012" title="Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012">Early-March 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_March_18%E2%80%9324,_2012" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of March 18–24, 2012">Mid-March 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hurricane_Isaac_tornado_outbreak" title="2012 Hurricane Isaac tornado outbreak">Hurricane Isaac 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_December_2012_North_American_storm_complex" title="Late December 2012 North American storm complex">December 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_January_29%E2%80%9330,_2013" title="Tornado outbreak of January 29–30, 2013">January 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hattiesburg_tornado#Other_tornadoes" title="2013 Hattiesburg tornado">February 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_May_15%E2%80%9317,_2013" title="Tornado outbreak of May 15–17, 2013">May 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_27%E2%80%9330,_2014" title="Tornado outbreak of April 27–30, 2014">April 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_23%E2%80%9325,_2015" title="Tornado outbreak of December 23–25, 2015">December 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_North_American_winter_storm#Severe_weather_in_the_South" title="February 2016 North American winter storm">Early-February 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_23%E2%80%9324,_2016" title="Tornado outbreak of February 23–24, 2016">Late-February 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_27%E2%80%9330,_2016" title="Tornado outbreak of November 27–30, 2016">November 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_January_21%E2%80%9323,_2017" title="Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 2017">January 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_7,_2017" title="Tornado outbreak of February 7, 2017">Early-February 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_and_floods_of_April_28_%E2%80%93_May_1,_2017" title="Tornado outbreak and floods of April 28 – May 1, 2017">April 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_November_30_%E2%80%93_December_2,_2018" title="Tornado outbreak of November 30 – December 2, 2018">December 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_3,_2019" title="Tornado outbreak of March 3, 2019">Early-March 2019</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_Beauregard_tornado" title="2019 Beauregard tornado">Beaurgard, AL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2019_North_American_blizzard#Tornado_Outbreak" title="March 2019 North American blizzard">Mid-March 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_13%E2%80%9315,_2019" title="Tornado outbreak of April 13–15, 2019">April 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_16%E2%80%9317,_2019" title="Tornado outbreak of December 16–17, 2019">December 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_January_10%E2%80%9311,_2020" title="Tornado outbreak of January 10–11, 2020">January 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_5%E2%80%937,_2020" title="Tornado outbreak of February 5–7, 2020">February 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_2%E2%80%933,_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2020">March 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Easter_tornado_outbreak" title="2020 Easter tornado outbreak">Easter 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_21%E2%80%9323,_2020" title="Tornado outbreak of April 21–23, 2020">Late-April 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_16%E2%80%9318,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of March 16–18, 2021">Mid-March 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_March_24%E2%80%9328,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of March 24–28, 2021">Late-March 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_May_2%E2%80%934,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of May 2–4, 2021">Early-May 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida_tornado_outbreak" title="Hurricane Ida tornado outbreak">Hurricane Ida 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">December 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_21%E2%80%9323,_2022" title="Tornado outbreak of March 21–23, 2022">Mid-March 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_29%E2%80%9331,_2022" title="Tornado outbreak of March 29–31, 2022">Late-March 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_4%E2%80%937,_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado outbreak of April 4–7, 2022">Early-April 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_North_American_storm_complex" title="April 2022 North American storm complex">Mid-April 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_12%E2%80%9315,_2022" title="Tornado outbreak of December 12–15, 2022">Mid-December 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_January_12,_2023" title="Tornado outbreak of January 12, 2023">Mid-January 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early-March_2023_North_American_storm_complex" title="Early-March 2023 North American storm complex">Early-March 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_24%E2%80%9327,_2023" title="Tornado outbreak of March 24–27, 2023">Late-March 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_31_%E2%80%93_April_1,_2023" title="Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023">March–April 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_June_14%E2%80%9319,_2023" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of June 14–19, 2023">June 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2023_Tennessee_tornado_outbreak" title="December 2023 Tennessee tornado outbreak">December 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8%E2%80%9310,_2024_North_American_storm_complex" title="January 8–10, 2024 North American storm complex">January 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_13%E2%80%9315,_2024" title="Tornado outbreak of March 13–15, 2024">March 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_and_derecho_of_April_1%E2%80%933,_2024" title="Tornado outbreak and derecho of April 1–3, 2024">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_May_6%E2%80%9310,_2024" title="Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024">Early-May 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_19%E2%80%9327,_2024" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 19–27, 2024">Late-May 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_28%E2%80%9329,_2024" title="Tornado outbreak of December 28–29, 2024">December 2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tornado_outbreaks_of_197447" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_tornado_outbreaks" title="Template:1974 tornado outbreaks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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