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<span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mandarin_radio_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandarin_radio_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mandarin radio channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandarin_radio_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CRI_News_Radio_(90.5_FM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CRI_News_Radio_(90.5_FM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>CRI News Radio (90.5 FM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CRI_News_Radio_(90.5_FM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_podcasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_podcasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Chinese podcasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_podcasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_radio_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_radio_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>English radio channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_radio_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CRI_in_English_(846_AM,_1008_AM;_91.5_FM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CRI_in_English_(846_AM,_1008_AM;_91.5_FM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>CRI in English (846 AM, 1008 AM; 91.5 FM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CRI_in_English_(846_AM,_1008_AM;_91.5_FM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_Podcasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_Podcasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>English Podcasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_Podcasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holiday_Broadcasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holiday_Broadcasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Holiday Broadcasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holiday_Broadcasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olympic_Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olympic_Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Olympic Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olympic_Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pay_television_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pay_television_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Pay television channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pay_television_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Joint ventures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Joint ventures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China_International_Broadcasting_Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_International_Broadcasting_Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>China International Broadcasting Network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_International_Broadcasting_Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GBTimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GBTimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>GBTimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GBTimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-G&E_Studio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G&E_Studio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>G&E Studio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G&E_Studio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">China Radio International</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إذاعة الصين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إذاعة الصين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-kok_Kok-ch%C3%A8_K%C3%B3ng-p%C3%B2%CD%98_Ti%C4%81n-t%C3%A2i" title="Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Міжнароднае радыё Кітая – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжнароднае радыё Кітая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Міжнароднае радыё Кітая – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжнароднае радыё Кітая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Радио Китай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Радио Китай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="China Radio International" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD_rozhlas_pro_zahrani%C4%8D%C3%AD" title="Čínský rozhlas pro zahraničí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínský rozhlas pro zahraničí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_China_International" title="Radio China International – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Radio China International" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Διεθνές Ραδιόφωνο της Κίνας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνές Ραδιόφωνο της Κίνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Internacional_de_China" title="Radio Internacional de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radio Internacional de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_Radio_Internacia" title="Ĉina Radio Internacia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina Radio Internacia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رادیو بین‌المللی چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادیو بین‌المللی چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Chine_internationale" title="Radio Chine internationale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radio Chine internationale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1" title="중국국제방송 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국국제방송" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="China Radio International" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2" title="चाइना रेडियो इण्टरनैशनल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चाइना रेडियो इण्टरनैशनल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Internasional_Tiongkok" title="Radio Internasional Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radio Internasional Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Cina_Internazionale" title="Radio Cina Internazionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radio Cina Internazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="הרדיו הבין-לאומי של סין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרדיו הבין-לאומי של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Antarabangsa_China" title="Radio Antarabangsa China – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Radio Antarabangsa China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%8C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94" title="တရုတ်နိုင်ငံတကာအသံလွှင့်ဌာန – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်နိုင်ငံတကာအသံလွှင့်ဌာန" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="China Radio International" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="चिनियाँ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रेडियो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिनियाँ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रेडियो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81" title="中国国際放送 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国国際放送" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88" title="د چين نړيواله راډيو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د چين نړيواله راډيو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84skie_Radio_Mi%C4%99dzynarodowe" title="Chińskie Radio Międzynarodowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chińskie Radio Międzynarodowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Internacional_da_China" title="Rádio Internacional da China – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rádio Internacional da China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_China_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Radio China Internațional – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Radio China Internațional" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Международное радио Китая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международное радио Китая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_e_Jashtme_e_Kin%C3%ABs" title="Radio e Jashtme e Kinës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Radio e Jashtme e Kinës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="චීන ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් විදුලිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීන ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් විදුලිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кинески радио интернационал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кинески радио интернационал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="China Radio International" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சீனா ரேடியோ இன்டர்நேசனல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனா ரேடியோ இன்டர்நேசனல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5" title="ไชนาเรดิโออินเตอร์เนชันแนล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไชนาเรดิโออินเตอร์เนชันแนล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="China Radio International" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Uluslararas%C4%B1_Radyosu" title="Çin Uluslararası Radyosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Uluslararası Radyosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E" title="Міжнародне радіо Китаю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжнародне радіо Китаю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84" title="چائنا ریڈیو انٹرنیشنل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چائنا ریڈیو انٹرنیشنل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0i_Ph%C3%A1t_thanh_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Đài Phát thanh Quốc tế Trung Quốc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đài Phát thanh Quốc tế Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E8%87%BA" title="中國國際廣播電臺 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中國國際廣播電臺" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" title="中國國際廣播電台 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中國國際廣播電台" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="中国国际广播电台 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中国国际广播电台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q375117#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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For the municipal radio station (Radio Beijing Corporation), see <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Renmin_Guangbo_Diantai" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Renmin Guangbo Diantai">Beijing Renmin Guangbo Diantai</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_China_International.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Radio_China_International.svg/220px-Radio_China_International.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Radio_China_International.svg/330px-Radio_China_International.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Radio_China_International.svg/440px-Radio_China_International.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="597" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CRI_headquarters_(20230303095214).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/CRI_headquarters_%2820230303095214%29.jpg/300px-CRI_headquarters_%2820230303095214%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/CRI_headquarters_%2820230303095214%29.jpg/450px-CRI_headquarters_%2820230303095214%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/CRI_headquarters_%2820230303095214%29.jpg/600px-CRI_headquarters_%2820230303095214%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6648" data-file-height="4432" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">CRI headquarters</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">State media</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">China</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">3 December <a href="/wiki/1941_in_radio" title="1941 in radio">1941</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Broadcast area</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Radio Peking</li> <li>Radio Beijing</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official website</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cri.cn">www<wbr />.cri<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375117#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">China Radio International</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">中国国际<br />广播电台</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">中國國際<br />廣播電台</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">China International Radio Station</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngguó Guójì Guǎngbō Diàntái</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chungkuo Kuochi Kuangpo Tient'ai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʈʂʊ́ŋkwǒ kwǒtɕî kwàŋpwó tjɛ̂ntʰǎɪ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zung<sup>1</sup>gwok<sup>3</sup> Gwok<sup>3</sup>zai<sup>3</sup> Gwong<sup>2</sup>bo<sup>3</sup> Din<sup>6</sup>toi<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Leadership</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">Leadership generations</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_power_in_China" title="Succession of power in China">Succession of power</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E2%80%93Wen_Administration" title="Hu–Wen Administration">Hu–Wen Administration</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi–Li Administration</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jinping Administration">Xi Administration</a> (since 2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">4th Leadership Core</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Party Politburo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th State Council</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Current_office_holders" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Current state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">Current provincial leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Party_and_state_leaders" title="Party and state leaders">Party and state leaders</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in China">Orders of precedence</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of the People's Republic of China">First lady</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_representatives_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China">State representative</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">Head of government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Congress Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Conference Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">Commander-in-chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest-serving_members_of_the_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related systems</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_power" title="Unified power">Unified power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service of China">Civil service</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China">Previous constitutions</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1954</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1978</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_democratic_dictatorship" title="People's democratic dictatorship">"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism (Article 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_oath_of_office_of_China" title="Constitutional oath of office of China">Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Protection of human rights (Article 33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion (Article 36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">Highest state organ of power (Article 57)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese legal system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law tradition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislation_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Legislation Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statutes_of_China" title="List of statutes of China">List of statutes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Principles_of_the_Civil_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>General Principles of the Civil Law</i></a> (to 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Code of People's Republic of China"><i>Civil Code</i></a> (From 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Marriage_Law" title="New Marriage Law"><i>Marriage Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese labour law">Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Contract_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Contract Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_property_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Property Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Property Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">Intellectual property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_law_of_China" title="Patent law of China">Patent law</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_law_in_China" title="Administrative law in China">Administrative law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Administrative Procedure Law</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Criminal law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_offences_in_China" title="Capital offences in China">Capital offences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="History of the Chinese Communist Party">History</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Principal leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">ideology</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Admission_Oath" title="Chinese Communist Party Admission Oath">Admission Oath (Article 6)</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles" title="Four Cardinal Principles">Four Cardinal Principles</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Socialist Society</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Safeguards" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Establishes and Two Safeguards">Two Establishes and Two Safeguards</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">National Party Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>:</div> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chairman:</div> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Directors:</div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></span></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial & Economic Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_for_the_Protection_of_State_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets">Office of the Central Secrecy Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Provincial committee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Standing committee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Secretary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Deputy_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary">Deputy secretaries</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_group" title="Party group">Party group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chairpersons" title="Council of Chairpersons">Council of Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special Committees</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science, Culture and Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs</a></li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>State representative</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President of the People's Republic of China">Presidential Office</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></div></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Executive organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council (Central People's Government)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice-Premiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>) <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Cabinet-level departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development & Reform Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">National Audit Office</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission">State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government-owned_companies_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government-owned companies of China">most Central Enterprises</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Military organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission (CMC)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">supreme commander</a>): <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Members: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Departments: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="General Office of the Central Military Commission">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Shaojun" title="Zhong Shaojun">Zhong Shaojun</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_(China)" title="Joint Staff Department (China)">Joint Staff Dept.</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">Chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_Support_Department" title="Logistic Support Department">Logistic Support Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lin_(general)" title="Zhang Lin (general)">Zhang Lin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_Development_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission">Equipment Development Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xu_Xueqiang" title="Xu Xueqiang">Xu Xueqiang</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_and_Administration_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission">Training and Administration Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Peng_(lieutenant_general)" title="Wang Peng (lieutenant general)">Wang Peng</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission">National Defense Mobilization Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Faqing" title="Liu Faqing">Liu Faqing</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Discipline Inspection Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Central Military Commission">Politics and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission">Science and Technology Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Strategic_Planning_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission">Strategic Planning Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Reform_and_Organizational_Structure" title="Office for Reform and Organizational Structure">Reform & Organizational Structure Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">Int'l Military Cooperation Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Audit Office of the Central Military Commission">Audit Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Offices_Administration_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission">Offices Administration Agency</a></li></ol></dd> <dd>National armed forces: <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Emblem_PLA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army"><img alt="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/23px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/35px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/46px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Theater_command" title="Theater command">Theater commands</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_(CAPF)_cap_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force"><img alt="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/21px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/32px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/42px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="775" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_(2024).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Coast Guard"><img alt="Emblem of the Coast Guard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/21px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/32px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/42px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dong_Jun" title="Dong Jun">Dong Jun</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Ministry of Veterans Affairs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence">State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">Military history</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of wars involving the People's Republic of China">Armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernization_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">Military modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_People%27s_Republic_of_China_military_reform" title="2015 People's Republic of China military reform">Military reform since 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">CMC Leading Group for Military Reform</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supervisory organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jinguo" title="Liu Jinguo">Liu Jinguo</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign since 2012</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission Against Corruption (Macau)">Commission Against Corruption (Macau)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Judicial organs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jun_(politician)" title="Zhang Jun (politician)">Zhang Jun</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Justice (Hong Kong)">Department of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutions_Division_(Hong_Kong)" title="Prosecutions Division (Hong Kong)">Prosecutions Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court of Final Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Prosecutions_Office_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Prosecutions Office (Macau) (page does not exist)">Public Prosecutions Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_Security_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Security (Macau)">Secretariat for Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_Police_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary Police Services (page does not exist)">Unitary Police Services</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:警察總局">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Judiciary_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Judiciary Police (page does not exist)">Judiciary Police</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法警察局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Secretary-General of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongfeng" title="Wang Dongfeng">Wang Dongfeng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties</a>: <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP (ruling)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd>Historical parties: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">CDSP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">YCP</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">CCP Central Politics and Law Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Public Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Immigration_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Immigration Administration">State Immigration Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">Local public security bureaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">State Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Ministry of Justice</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/He_Rong" title="He Rong">He Rong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Justice_Bureau_of_Prison_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Justice Bureau of Prison Administration (page does not exist)">Bureau of Prison Administration</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法部监狱管理局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_management_and_law_enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban management and law enforcement">Urban Management <i>(chengguan)</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Leader: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Leaders: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Press_and_Publication" title="General Administration of Press and Publication">General Administration of Press and Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Film_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="China Film Administration">China Film Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Radio International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reference_News" title="Reference News">Reference News</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_News_Service" title="China News Service">China News Service</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Today" title="China Today">China Today</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China" title="Radio jamming in China">Radio jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">Overseas censorship of Chinese issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of China">Media of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal media of China">Internal media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry_in_China" title="Publishing industry in China">Publishing industry in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Administration of China</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Rongwen" title="Zhuang Rongwen">Zhuang Rongwen</a></div></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">HK & Macau Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xia_Baolong" title="Xia Baolong">Xia Baolong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Liaison Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee Ka-chiu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & HK CEPA</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Basic_Law" title="Macao Basic Law">Macao Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ho_Iat-seng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Iat-seng">Ho Iat-seng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Politics of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & Macau CEPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">"Taiwan Province", PRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Leader: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Song_Tao_(diplomat)" title="Song Tao (diplomat)">Song Tao</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></dd> <dd>Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_spokespersons_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_China" title="List of spokespersons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China">Spokespersons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid from China</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exim_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Exim Bank of China">Exim Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Fund" title="Silk Road Fund">Silk Road Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office 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.navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_China" title="Template talk:Politics of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CRI_headquarters_(20210503185450).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CRI_headquarters_%2820210503185450%29.jpg/220px-CRI_headquarters_%2820210503185450%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CRI_headquarters_%2820210503185450%29.jpg/330px-CRI_headquarters_%2820210503185450%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CRI_headquarters_%2820210503185450%29.jpg/440px-CRI_headquarters_%2820210503185450%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="3894" /></a><figcaption>CRI headquarters in Shijingshan, Beijing</figcaption></figure> <p><b>China Radio International</b> (<b>CRI</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state-owned</a> international radio broadcaster of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. It is currently headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Babaoshan_Subdistrict" title="Babaoshan Subdistrict">Babaoshan</a>, Shijingshan, Beijing. It was founded on December 3, 1941, as <b>Radio Peking</b>. It later adopted the <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> form <b>Radio Beijing</b>. </p><p>CRI states that it "endeavours to promote favourable relations between the PRC and the world" while upholding the PRC's official positions. As with other nations' external broadcasters such as <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a>, CRI claims to "play a significant role in the PRC's <a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">soft power</a> strategy" and <a href="/wiki/Go_Out_policy" title="Go Out policy">Go Out policy</a>, aiming to expand the influence of Chinese culture and media in a global stage. CRI attempts to employ <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> and partnerships with other media outlets to compete with other international media.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other broadcasters, CRI's control via indirect majority ownership or financial support of radio stations in various nations is not publicly disclosed.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CRI is presently the international radio arm of the <a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a>, under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, created following the first session of the <a href="/wiki/13th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="13th National People's Congress">13th National People's Congress</a> in March 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_China" title="Radio in China">Radio</a> was first introduced in China in the 1920s and 1930s. However, few households had radio receivers. A few cities had commercial stations. Most usage of radio was for political purpose, frequently on a local area level.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> first used radio in <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yanan</a> Shaanxi Province in March 1940 with a transmitter imported from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a> New Chinese Radio (XNCR) went on the air from Yanan on December 30, 1940. XNCR transmitted to a larger geographical area after 1945, and its programs became more regular and formalized with broadcasts of news, official announcements, war bulletins, and art and literary programs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The English service started on September 11, 1947, transmitting as XNCR from a cave in <a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when China was in the midst of a civil war, to announce newly conquered areas and broadcast a Chinese political and cultural perspective to the world at large.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station moved from the Taihang Mountains to the capital, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Peking</a>, when The People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. Its name was changed to Radio Peking on April 10, 1950, and to Radio Beijing in 1983. On January 1, 1993, the name of the station was again changed, this time to China Radio International, in order to avoid any confusion with local Beijing radio broadcasting. Its online broadcasting platform: China International Broadcasting Network (CIBN) was formally established in 2011, as a joint venture of China Radio International, <a href="/wiki/Huawen_Media_Investment" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawen Media Investment">Huawen Media Investment</a>, JinZhengYuan, <a href="/wiki/Youku" title="Youku">Youku</a>, Oriental Times Media and <a href="/wiki/Suning_Holdings_Group" title="Suning Holdings Group">Suning Holdings Group</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Radio Peking began exchanges with <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-:Li_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Li-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voice of American had opened a bureau in Beijing the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-:Li_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Li-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 investigative report by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> found a network of at least 33 radio stations in 14 countries that obscures CRI as its majority shareholder. A significant portion of the programming on these stations is either produced or provided by CRI, or by media firms CRI controls in the United States, Australia, and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> designated CRI and other Chinese state-owned media outlets as <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">foreign missions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CRI has focused on forging commercial partnerships, particularly in Europe, in which its content is broadcast without attribution to CRI.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2023 <a href="/wiki/Discourse_analysis" title="Discourse analysis">discourse analysis</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_European_Digital_Media_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central European Digital Media Observatory (page does not exist)">Central European Digital Media Observatory</a>, CRI's content steers clear of any criticism of the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandarin_radio_channels">Mandarin radio channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mandarin radio channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of 1984, it started to broadcast home service to the <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> area on AM and FM frequencies. The service later expanded to dozens of major cities across the PRC, providing listeners inside the PRC with timely news and reports, music, weather, English and Chinese learning skills, as well as other services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CRI_News_Radio_(90.5_FM)"><span id="CRI_News_Radio_.2890.5_FM.29"></span>CRI News Radio (90.5 FM)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: CRI News Radio (90.5 FM)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CRI News Radio (CRI环球资讯广播) was established on 28 September 2005.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its aim is to make CRI News Radio a first-class national news radio brand and its slogans are 'First News, News First', 'On-the-Spot China, Live World' etc.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CRI News Radio can be heard online and in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> on the radio on 90.5 FM; in <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> 90.6 FM; in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> 91.7 FM; in <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> 107.1 FM; in <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> 89.8 FM; in <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> 90.1 FM.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><b>Popular Shows</b> </p> <ul><li>Laowai's Viewpoint (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">老外看点</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lǎowài kàndiǎn</span></i>), an international news program with three hosts from different countries, frequent hosts include: Peter Yu (Chinese), Julien Gaudfroy (French), <a href="/wiki/Elyse_Ribbons" title="Elyse Ribbons">Elyse Ribbons</a> (American), Li Xin (Chinese), and Soojin Zhao (Korean).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bianzou Biankan (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">边走边看</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Biānzǒu biānkàn</span></i>), a travel show dedicated to a new location every episode</li> <li>New Wealth Times (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">新财富时代</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xīncáifù shídài</span></i>), a financial talk show</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese_podcasts">Chinese podcasts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chinese podcasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following programmes can be heard on the Mandarin version of the podcast from the <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">World Radio Network</a>: </p> <ul><li>News (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">新闻节目</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">xīnwén jiémù</span></i>), which comes from the <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>.</li> <li><i>Tángrénjiē</i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">唐人街</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tángrénjiē</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Chinatown'), a programme about <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a></li> <li>Weather forecasts around China</li> <li>Sports</li></ul> <p>This broadcast was originally targeted at <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in the United Kingdom. In 2006, they removed the "London" reference, which was part of the introduction as <i>"Ni hao London. Hello London"</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_radio_channels">English radio channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: English radio channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/China_Radio_International" title="Special:EditPage/China Radio International">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CRI_in_English_(846_AM,_1008_AM;_91.5_FM)"><span id="CRI_in_English_.28846_AM.2C_1008_AM.3B_91.5_FM.29"></span>CRI in English (846 AM, 1008 AM; 91.5 FM)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: CRI in English (846 AM, 1008 AM; 91.5 FM)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CRI English channels that can be heard online are: </p> <ul><li><i>CGTN Radio</i> (846 & 1008 AM in Beijing)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Easy_FM" title="Easy FM">EZFM (also known as Easy FM)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Round_the_Clock_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Round the Clock (radio)">Round the Clock</a></i> (Internet only) <ul><li><i>Voices from Other Lands</i> is a weekly English radio program featuring entrepreneurs who originated outside of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> doing business in China, hosted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanny_Liu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanny Liu (page does not exist)">Guanny Liu</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRI_91.9_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="CRI 91.9 FM">CRI 91.9 FM</a> (<i>Kenya 91.9 FM</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Studio" title="Chinese Studio">Chinese Studio</a> is a 5-minute segment that follows most CRI English programmes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Drive" title="China Drive">China Drive</a> is an English radio show about life in the PRC</li> <li>CRI Sri Lanka FM 97.9 in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> in Sinhala and English (05:00—00:00 Sri Lanka Time)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="English_Podcasts">English Podcasts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: English Podcasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CRI offers a list of podcast programs in English: </p> <ul><li><i>Hourly News</i></li> <li><i>The Beijing Hour</i></li> <li>RoundTable</li> <li><i>Studio Plus</i></li> <li><i>Today</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Studio" title="Chinese Studio">Chinese Studio</a></i></li> <li>More to Read</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holiday_Broadcasts">Holiday Broadcasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Holiday Broadcasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/China_Radio_International" title="Special:EditPage/China Radio International">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During major Chinese holidays (dubbed <a href="/wiki/Golden_Week_(China)" title="Golden Week (China)">Golden Week</a>), such as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>, <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival" title="Mid-Autumn Festival">Mid-Autumn Festival</a>, China Radio International typically broadcasts special programmes such as: </p> <ul><li><i>Growing Up In China</i> (during the May Day holiday)</li></ul> <p>Most of these programmes are not typical of the broadcast during the other parts of the year. The analogy is similar to Christmas music broadcasts in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olympic_Radio">Olympic Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Olympic Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2006, CRI launched a new radio station called CRI Olympic Radio at 900 AM in Beijing. This special broadcast was in Mandarin, Korean, English, Russian, French, Spanish, Arabic, Japanese and German 24 hours a day. This service was terminated in late 2008 after the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">Beijing Olympics</a> and now the frequency 900 AM is occupied by CRI News Radio, which covers only Beijing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pay_television_channels">Pay television channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pay television channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other than radio channels, CRI also operates these pay television channels via satellite airing: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shark_Shopping_Channel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shark Shopping Channel (page does not exist)">Shark Shopping Channel</a> (聚鲨环球精选) (de facto free channel in several local DTV networks)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Sightseeing_Channel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Sightseeing Channel (page does not exist)">Global Sightseeing Channel</a> (环球奇观)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Transport_Channel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Transport Channel (page does not exist)">China Transport Channel</a> (中国交通) (co-operate with <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China">MOT</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China Radio International broadcasts in the following languages:<sup id="cite_ref-cri._CRIO_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cri._CRIO-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:99%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="33%">Language </th> <th width="33%">Launched </th> <th width="33%">Website </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albanian.cri.cn">Radio e Jashtme e Kinës</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://arabic.cri.cn">http://arabic.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td> <td>12 April 2011<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a></td> <td>23 September 2009<sup id="cite_ref-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://belarusian.cri.cn">http://belarusian.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bengali.cri.cn">http://bengali.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bulgarian.cri.cn">http://bulgarian.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></td> <td>10 April 1950<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://myanmar.cri.cn">http://myanmar.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://croatian.cri.cn">Kineski Radio Internacional</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian language">Cambodian</a></td> <td>11 December 2008<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cambodian.cri.cn">http://cambodian.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://czech.cri.cn">http://czech.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td>23 September 2009<sup id="cite_ref-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td>11 September 1947<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://english.cri.cn">http://english.cri.cn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205193827/http://english.cri.cn/">Archived</a> 2020-12-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Esperanto language">Esperanto</a></td> <td>19 December 1964<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://esperanto.cri.cn">http://esperanto.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filipino.cri.cn">Radyo Internasyonal ng Tsina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td>5 June 1958<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://french.cri.cn">http://french.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td>15 April 1960</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://german.cri.cn">Radio China International</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td>23 September 2009<sup id="cite_ref-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://greek.cri.cn">http://greek.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hausa.cri.cn">http://hausa.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td> <td>23 September 2009<sup id="cite_ref-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Daily_-_Six_New_Websites-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hebrew.cri.cn">http://hebrew.cri.cn</a> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></td> <td>15 March 1959</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hindi.cri.cn">http://hindi.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hungarian.cri.cn">http://hungarian.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indonesian.cri.cn">Radio Internasional Tiongkok</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://italian.cri.cn">Radio Cina Internazionale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></td> <td>3 December 1941<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908052146/http://kazak.cri.cn/">https://web.archive.org/web/20170908052146/http://kazak.cri.cn/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td>2 July 1950<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://korean.cri.cn/">http://korean.cri.cn/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laotian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian language">Laotian</a></td> <td>20 November 2006<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://laos.cri.cn">http://laos.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malay.cri.cn">Radio Antarabangsa China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin language">Mandarin</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a></td> <td>1 December 1964</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mongol.cri.cn">Хятадын олон улсын радио</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></td> <td>25 Jun 1975<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nepal.cri.cn">http://nepal.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://persian.cri.cn">http://persian.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polish.cri.cn">Chińskie Radio Międzynarodowe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://portuguese.cri.cn">http://portuguese.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://pushtu.cri.cn">http://pushtu.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></td> <td>30 August 1968</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romanian.cri.cn">Radio China Internaţional</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td>24 December 1954<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russian.cri.cn">Международное радио Китая</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://serbian.cri.cn">http://serbian.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a></td> <td>January 1975</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sinhalese.cri.cn">http://sinhalese.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td>3 September 1956<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://espanol.cri.cn">http://espanol.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td> <td>6 March 2006<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://swahili.cri.cn">http://swahili.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td>August 1963<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tamil.cri.cn">சீன வானொலி</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://thai.cri.cn">http://thai.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224113849/http://tibet.cri.cn/">https://web.archive.org/web/20190224113849/http://tibet.cri.cn/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://turkish.cri.cn">http://turkish.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></td> <td>May 2008</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrainian.cri.cn">Міжнародне радіо Китаю</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://urdu.cri.cn">http://urdu.cri.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uygur_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uygur language">Uygur</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116173813/http://uygur.cri.cn/">https://web.archive.org/web/20180116173813/http://uygur.cri.cn/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vietnamese.cri.cn">Đài phát thanh quốc tế Trung Quốc</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Tibetan, Uygur and Kazakh services are broadcast in association with local radio stations (Tibet People's Broadcasting Station and Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Joint_ventures">Joint ventures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Joint ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China_International_Broadcasting_Network">China International Broadcasting Network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: China International Broadcasting Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China International Broadcasting Network (CIBN, traded as <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">国广东方网络(北京)有限公司</span>, an internet TV service, was a joint venture of China Radio International with other companies. The company was owned by Global Broadcasting Media Group (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">国广环球传媒控股有限公司</span>, a joint venture (50–50) of China Radio International and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">金正源联合投资控股有限公司</span>, literally <i>JinZhengYuan Union Investment Holding</i>) for 34.0004% stake, <a href="/wiki/Huawen_Media_Investment" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawen Media Investment">Huawen Media Investment</a> for 30.9996% stake, a subsidiary (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">桂林东方时代投资有限公司</span>) of listed company Oriental Times Media (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">东方时代网络传媒股份有限公司</span>) for 15% stake, the operator of <a href="/wiki/Youku" title="Youku">Youku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">合一信息技术（北京）有限公司</span>) for 10% stake and <a href="/wiki/Suning_Holdings_Group" title="Suning Holdings Group">Suning Holdings Group</a>, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/PPTV" title="PPTV">PPTV</a> for 10% stake.<sup id="cite_ref-CIBN_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIBN-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GBTimes">GBTimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: GBTimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CRI owns 60% of Finland-based GBTimes. GBTimes is headed by Zhao Yinong and operates radio stations across Europe that broadcast CRI-produced content.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="G&E_Studio"><span id="G.26E_Studio"></span>G&E Studio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: G&E Studio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>G&E Studio is 60% owned by Guoguang Century Media, a Beijing firm completely owned by the CRI. James Su is president and CEO of G&E Studio, which distributes CRI content to more than a dozen radio stations inside the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Radio" title="Portal:Radio">Radio portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a> ("Voice of China") <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">International broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Taiwan_International" title="Radio Taiwan International">Radio Taiwan International</a> (formerly "<a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Free_China" title="Voice of Free China">Voice of Free China</a>")</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKarásková2023" class="citation web cs1">Karásková, Ivana (September 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2023/09/how-chinas-propaganda-infiltrated-radio-stations-in-europe/">"How China's Propaganda Infiltrated Radio Stations in Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=How+China%27s+Propaganda+Infiltrated+Radio+Stations+in+Europe&rft.date=2023-09-25&rft.aulast=Kar%C3%A1skov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Ivana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2023%2F09%2Fhow-chinas-propaganda-infiltrated-radio-stations-in-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQingShiffman2015" class="citation news cs1">Qing, Koh Gui; Shiffman, John (2 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/china-radio/">"Beijing's covert radio network airs China-friendly news across Washington, and the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102183225/http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/china-radio/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing%27s+covert+radio+network+airs+China-friendly+news+across+Washington%2C+and+the+world&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.aulast=Qing&rft.aufirst=Koh+Gui&rft.au=Shiffman%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Fchina-radio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiffmanQing2015" class="citation news cs1">Shiffman, John; Qing, Koh Gui (2015-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-radio-fcc-idUSKCN0SR2AI20151102">"FCC, Justice Department investigate covert Chinese radio network"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706005351/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-radio-fcc-idUSKCN0SR2AI20151102">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=FCC%2C+Justice+Department+investigate+covert+Chinese+radio+network&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.aulast=Shiffman&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Qing%2C+Koh+Gui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-radio-fcc-idUSKCN0SR2AI20151102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandurski2021" class="citation news cs1">Bandurski, David (February 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinamediaproject.org/2021/02/12/all-this-talk-of-independence/">"All This Talk of Independence"</a>. <i>China Media Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215140931/https://chinamediaproject.org/2021/02/12/all-this-talk-of-independence/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Media+Project&rft.atitle=All+This+Talk+of+Independence&rft.date=2021-02-12&rft.aulast=Bandurski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinamediaproject.org%2F2021%2F02%2F12%2Fall-this-talk-of-independence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2018" class="citation news cs1">Buckley, Chris (2018-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/world/asia/china-communist-party-xi-jinping.html">"China Gives Communist Party More Control Over Policy and Media"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112211222/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/world/asia/china-communist-party-xi-jinping.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Gives+Communist+Party+More+Control+Over+Policy+and+Media&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F21%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-communist-party-xi-jinping.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131116074301/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/11/25/2941s668956.htm">CRI Marks China's First English Radio Show</a>." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131116074301/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/11/25/2941s668956.htm">Archive</a>) CRI English. November 25, 2011. Retrieved on November 16, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang1989" class="citation book cs1">Chang, Won Ho (1989-01-01). <i>Mass Media in China: The History and the Future</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Designates+China%27s+Official+Media+as+Operatives+of+the+Communist+State&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jakes&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft.au=Myers%2C+Steven+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F18%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-media-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gb.cri.cn/21344/2007/09/29/1885@1788552.htm">"Ѷ㲥 CRI News Radio"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120523180021/http://gb.cri.cn/21344/2007/09/29/1885@1788552.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D1%B6%E3%B2%A5+CRI+News+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgb.cri.cn%2F21344%2F2007%2F09%2F29%2F1885%401788552.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gb.cri.cn/news/other/lwdc/lwkd.htm">"国际在线_读懂国际点赞中国"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014143404/http://gb.cri.cn/news/other/lwdc/lwkd.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF_%E8%AF%BB%E6%87%82%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85+%E7%82%B9%E8%B5%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgb.cri.cn%2Fnews%2Fother%2Flwdc%2Flwkd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gb.chinabroadcast.cn/">China Broadcast</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20061006010928/http%3A//gb.chinabroadcast.cn/">Archived</a> 2006-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/UK_Government_Web_Archive" title="UK Government Web Archive">UK Government Web Archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cri._CRIO-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cri._CRIO_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213071402/http://www.cri.cn/index1.htm">"CRI Online"</a>. <i>cri.cn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cri.cn/index1.htm">the original</a> on 2015-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cri.cn&rft.atitle=CRI+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cri.cn%2Findex1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322015731/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/04/12/2743s631670.htm">"CRI Launches Radio Station in Armenia"</a>. <i>english.cri.cn</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=CRI+Online+Launches+New+Language+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2009-09%2F23%2Fcontent_8728120.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myanmar.cri.cn/audio.html">"CRI Burmese"</a>. <i>myanmar.cri.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002232104/http://myanmar.cri.cn/audio.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=myanmar.cri.cn&rft.atitle=CRI+Burmese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyanmar.cri.cn%2Faudio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525165511/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/11/content_10490980.htm">"Cambodia Friendship Radio"</a>. <i>xinhuanet.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/11/content_10490980.htm">the original</a> on 25 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=Cambodia+Friendship+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2008-12%2F11%2Fcontent_10490980.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中央人民广播电台研究室《解放区广播历史资料选编 1940–1949》. Beijing: 中国广播电视出版社, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esperanto.cri.cn/1/2004/12/08/Zt21@18131.htm">Skizo pri Esperanto-elsendo de ĈRI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083103/http://esperanto.cri.cn/1/2004/12/08/Zt21@18131.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CRI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://french.cri.cn/761/2009/03/20/241s187022.htm">Service français</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915033012/http://french.cri.cn/761/2009/03/20/241s187022.htm">Archived</a> 2015-09-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CRI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYellinek2020" class="citation web cs1">Yellinek, Roie (2020-02-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/china-penetration-israeli-media/">"The Chinese Penetration of Israeli Media"</a>. <i>Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200405222442/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/china-penetration-israeli-media/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Begin-Sadat+Center+for+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Chinese+Penetration+of+Israeli+Media&rft.date=2020-02-21&rft.aulast=Yellinek&rft.aufirst=Roie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbesacenter.org%2Fperspectives-papers%2Fchina-penetration-israeli-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japanese.cri.cn/782/2009/05/21/1s140643.htm">日本語部紹介</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084342/http://japanese.cri.cn/782/2009/05/21/1s140643.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CRI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://korean.cri.cn/1644/2014/10/22/1s218931.htm">조선어부 소개 및 연계방식</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150901140957/http://korean.cri.cn/1644/2014/10/22/1s218931.htm">Archived</a> 2015-09-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CRI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080328/http://english.cri.cn/2946/2006/11/20/45@165143.htm">"Chinese, Lao Presidents Launch CRI's New Radio Service in Laos"</a>. <i>english.cri.cn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cri.cn/2946/2006/11/20/45@165143.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.cri.cn&rft.atitle=Chinese%2C+Lao+Presidents+Launch+CRI%27s+New+Radio+Service+in+Laos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cri.cn%2F2946%2F2006%2F11%2F20%2F45%40165143.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepal.cri.cn/497/2014/02/06/1s138833.htm">"नेपाली सेवाको संक्षिप्त परिचय - China Radio International"</a>. <i>nepal.cri.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322021152/http://nepal.cri.cn/497/2014/02/06/1s138833.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nepal.cri.cn&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF+-+China+Radio+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnepal.cri.cn%2F497%2F2014%2F02%2F06%2F1s138833.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russian.cri.cn/1143/2014/05/14/1s511278.htm">Международное радио Китая</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085617/http://russian.cri.cn/1143/2014/05/14/1s511278.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CRI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://espanol.cri.cn/1/2005/01/27/1@52094.htm">Breve Historia del Departamento de Español</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005013041/http://espanol.cri.cn/1/2005/01/27/1@52094.htm">Archived</a> 2015-10-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CRI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/160050.htm">"CRI Launches First Overseas FM Radio Station"</a>. <i>www.china.org.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180414003952/http://china.org.cn/english/culture/160050.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.china.org.cn&rft.atitle=CRI+Launches+First+Overseas+FM+Radio+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Fculture%2F160050.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/south/china-radios-tamil-station-to-launch-fm-channel-in-india-521738">"China Radio's Tamil station to launch FM channel in India"</a>. <i>ndtv.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231083629/https://www.ndtv.com/south/china-radios-tamil-station-to-launch-fm-channel-in-india-521738">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ndtv.com&rft.atitle=China+Radio%27s+Tamil+station+to+launch+FM+channel+in+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fsouth%2Fchina-radios-tamil-station-to-launch-fm-channel-in-india-521738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnan2012" class="citation news cs1">Krishnan, Ananth (30 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/at-49-chinas-tamil-radio-station-plans-an-expansion/article3700333.ece">"At 49, China's Tamil radio station plans an expansion"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215141347/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/at-49-chinas-tamil-radio-station-plans-an-expansion/article3700333.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span> – via www.thehindu.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=At+49%2C+China%27s+Tamil+radio+station+plans+an+expansion&rft.date=2012-07-30&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=Ananth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fat-49-chinas-tamil-radio-station-plans-an-expansion%2Farticle3700333.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIBN-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIBN_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.000793.com/ueditor/jsp/upload/file/20160425/1461543181537080408.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">关于对国广东方网络（北京）有限公司追加投资暨关联交易事项的公告</bdi></a> [Announcement on capital increase in Global Broadcasting – Oriental Network (Beijing) Co,. Ltd. and related party transaction] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese (China)). Huawen Media Investment Corporation. 25 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809084946/http://www.000793.com/ueditor/jsp/upload/file/20160425/1461543181537080408.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%AF%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%EF%BC%89%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E8%BF%BD%E5%8A%A0%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84%E6%9A%A8%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A&rft.pub=Huawen+Media+Investment+Corporation&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.000793.com%2Fueditor%2Fjsp%2Fupload%2Ffile%2F20160425%2F1461543181537080408.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQingWardell2015" class="citation news cs1">Qing, Koh Gui; Wardell, Jane (2015-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-radio-partners-idUSKCN0SR1KS20151102">"Chinese radio broadcaster taps front men in Finland and Australia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200828122955/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-radio-partners-idUSKCN0SR1KS20151102">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Chinese+radio+broadcaster+taps+front+men+in+Finland+and+Australia&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.aulast=Qing&rft.aufirst=Koh+Gui&rft.au=Wardell%2C+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-radio-partners-idUSKCN0SR1KS20151102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Radio+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bishop, Robert L., "Qi Lai! Mobilizing One Billion Chinese: The Chinese Communication System", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8138-0296-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8138-0296-2">0-8138-0296-2</a></li> <li>Chang, Won Ho, "Mass Media in China: The History and the Future", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989.</li> <li>Hamm, Charles, "Music and Radio in the PRC," Asian Music, Spring/Summer 1991, vXXII, n2, p. 28-29.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howkins" title="John Howkins">Howkins, John</a>, "Mass Communication in China", New York, NY: Annenberg/ Longman Communication Books, 1982.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:China_Radio_International" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:China Radio International">China Radio International</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cri.cn">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375117#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinaplus.cri.cn/">China Plus</a> - CRI livestream and podcasts</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_Media_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_Media_Group" title="Template:China Media Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_Media_Group" title="Template talk:China Media Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_Media_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China Media Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_Media_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Radio International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_Radio_International" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_Radio_International" title="Template:China Radio International"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_Radio_International" title="Template talk:China Radio International"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_Radio_International" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China Radio International"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_Radio_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Radio International</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Owned by <a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>China</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easy_FM" title="Easy FM">Beijing Easy FM 91.5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Round_the_Clock_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Round the Clock (radio)">Beijing Round the Clock AM 1008 </a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGTN_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGTN Radio (page does not exist)">CGTN Radio AM 846</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voice_of_the_South_China_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voice of the South China Sea (page does not exist)">Voice of the South China Sea</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Outside China</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/KCFJ" title="KCFJ">KCFJ</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/WJTP" title="WJTP">WJTP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Radio_FM_104.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Radio FM 104.2">Auckland, New Zealand 104.2 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=CRI_Canberra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CRI Canberra (page does not exist)">Canberra, Australia 88 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CRI_Darhan" title="CRI Darhan">Darhan, Mongolia 103.7 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/KGBC" title="KGBC">KGBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/KYND" title="KYND">KYND</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/KHCM_(AM)" title="KHCM (AM)">KHCM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=CRI_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CRI Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg 1440 AM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CRI_Malakula" title="CRI Malakula">Malakula, Vanuatu 106 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CJLL-FM" title="CJLL-FM">CJLL-FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CRI_Nairobi_91.9_FM" title="CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM">Nairobi, Kenya 91.9 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CRI_Perth" title="CRI Perth">Perth, Australia 104.9 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CRI_Vientiane" title="CRI Vientiane">Vientiane, Laos 93.0 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CRI_Vila_and_Santo" title="CRI Vila and Santo">Vila, Solomon Islands 102 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CRI_Vila_and_Santo" title="CRI Vila and Santo">Santo, Vanuatu 102 FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/WTSD_(AM)" title="WTSD (AM)">Washington (Leesburg), USA 1190 AM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Round_the_Clock_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Round the Clock (radio)">Round the Clock</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=News_%26_Reports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="News & Reports (page does not exist)">News & Reports</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Drive" title="China Drive">China Drive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realtime_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realtime China (page does not exist)">Realtime China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Studio" title="Chinese Studio">Chinese Studio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beyond_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beyond Beijing (page does not exist)">Beyond Beijing</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weekly programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_Line_(CRI)" title="Front Line (CRI)">Front Line</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biz-China_(CRI)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biz-China (CRI) (page does not exist)">Biz-China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Horizons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Horizons (page does not exist)">China Horizons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voices_from_Other_Lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Voices from Other Lands">Voices from Other Lands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_in_China" title="Life in China">Life in China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Listeners%27_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listeners' Garden (page does not exist)">Listeners' Garden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_the_Spotlight_(radio_programme)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In the Spotlight (radio programme) (page does not exist)">In the Spotlight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Beat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Beat (page does not exist)">China Beat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_broadcasting_in_the_Chinese_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese-language_radio" title="Template:Chinese-language radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese-language_radio" title="Template talk:Chinese-language radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language_radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_broadcasting_in_the_Chinese_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese-language_radio_stations" title="List of Chinese-language radio stations">Radio stations broadcasting in the Chinese language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_Canada" title="Template:Chinese-language radio in Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese-language_radio_in_Canada" title="Template talk:Chinese-language radio in Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language radio in Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese-language_radio_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese-language_radio_stations#Canada" title="List of Chinese-language radio stations">Chinese-language radio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>The following channels offer at least some programming in Chinese</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHKF-FM" title="CHKF-FM">CHKF-FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CKER-FM" title="CKER-FM">CKER-FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFMB" title="CFMB">CFMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CJLL-FM" title="CJLL-FM">CJLL-FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHIN-FM" title="CHIN-FM">CHIN-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIN_(AM)" title="CHIN (AM)">CHIN-1-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHKT" title="CHKT">CHKT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHKG-FM" title="CHKG-FM">CHKG-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHMB" title="CHMB">CHMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJVB" title="CJVB">CJVB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_stations_in_China" title="Template:Radio stations in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_stations_in_China" title="Template talk:Radio stations in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radio_stations_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radio stations in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_China" title="Radio in China">Radio in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Renmin_Guangbo_Diantai" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Renmin Guangbo Diantai">Radio Beijing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Ren_Min_Guangbo_Dian_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Ren Min Guangbo Dian Tai">Fujian Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei_Guangbo_Wang" title="Hubei Guangbo Wang">Hubei Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_Broadcasting_System" title="Hunan Broadcasting System">Hunan Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Inner Mongolia Radio Broadcasting Network">Inner Mongolia Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Guang" title="Long Guang">Heilongjiang Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou_Radio" title="Lanzhou Radio">Lanzhou Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Radio" title="Nanjing Radio">Nanjing Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Hao" title="Jin Hao">Shaanxi Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">Shanghai Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Media_Group" title="Shenzhen Media Group">Shenzhen Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Television_And_Radio_Station" title="Tianjin Television And Radio Station">Tianjin Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Tibet_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice of Tibet (China)">Tibet Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumqi_People%27s_Broadcasting_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Urumqi People's Broadcasting Station">Urumqi Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_People%27s_Broadcasting_Station" title="Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station">Xinjiang Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_People%27s_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhejiang People's Radio">Zhejiang Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Television Hong Kong">Radio Television Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Radio_Hong_Kong" title="Commercial Radio Hong Kong">Commercial Radio Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Broadcast_Corporation_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Broadcast Corporation Limited">Metro Broadcast Corporation Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teledifus%C3%A3o_de_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Teledifusão de Macau">Teledifusão de Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Vilaverde_Lda" title="Radio Vilaverde Lda">Radio Vilaverde Lda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>China Radio Markets</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Beijing_Radio" title="Template:Beijing Radio">Beijing</a></dd> <dd>Fujian</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Guangdong_Radio" title="Template:Guangdong Radio">Guangdong</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Heilongjiang_Radio" title="Template:Heilongjiang Radio">Heilongjiang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanghai_Radio" title="Template:Shanghai Radio">Shanghai</a></dd> <dd>Sichuan</dd> <dd>Tianjin</dd> <dd>Xinjiang</dd> <dd>Zhejiang</dd></dl> </div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of radio stations in China">List of radio stations in China</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Chinese-language radio in Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese-language_radio_in_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Chinese-language radio in Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language radio in Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese-language_radio_in_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese-language_radio_stations#Malaysia" title="List of Chinese-language radio stations">Chinese-language radio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Television of Malaysia">RTM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_FM" title="Ai FM">Ai FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cense_Media_Sdn_Bhd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cense Media Sdn Bhd (page does not exist)">Cense Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Plus_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="City Plus FM">City Plus FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_Prima" title="Media Prima">Media Prima</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8FM" class="mw-redirect" title="8FM">8FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astro_Radio" title="Astro Radio">Astro Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GoXuan_(radio_station)" title="GoXuan (radio station)">goXuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melody_(radio_station)" title="Melody (radio station)">Melody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_(radio_station)" title="My (radio station)">My</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KTS_Group_of_Companies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KTS Group of Companies (page does not exist)">KTS Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TEA_FM" title="TEA FM">TEA FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">Star Radio Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/988_FM" title="988 FM">988 FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_Singapore" title="Template:Chinese-language radio in Singapore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese-language_radio_in_Singapore" title="Template talk:Chinese-language radio in Singapore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_Singapore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language radio in Singapore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese-language_radio_in_Singapore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Singapore" title="List of radio stations in Singapore">Chinese-language radio in Singapore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediacorp" title="Mediacorp">Mediacorp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YES_933" title="YES 933">YES 933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_95.8FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital 95.8FM">Capital 95.8FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_97.2FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Love 97.2FM">Love 97.2FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/So_Drama!_Entertainment" title="So Drama! Entertainment">So Drama! Entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/883Jia" title="883Jia">883Jia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SPH_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="SPH Radio">SPH Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/96.3_Hao_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="96.3 Hao FM">96.3 Hao FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFM100.3" class="mw-redirect" title="UFM100.3">UFM100.3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_stations_in_Taiwan" title="Template:Radio stations in Taiwan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_stations_in_Taiwan" title="Template talk:Radio stations in Taiwan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radio_stations_in_Taiwan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radio stations in Taiwan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_Taiwan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in Taiwan</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Taiwan_International" title="Radio Taiwan International">Radio Taiwan International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Education Radio">National Education Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Broadcasting_Station" title="Taipei Broadcasting Station">Taipei Broadcasting Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Han" title="Voice of Han">Voice of Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Hsing_Broadcasting_Station" title="Fu Hsing Broadcasting Station">Fu Hsing Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Corporation_of_China" title="Broadcasting Corporation of China">Broadcasting Corporation of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosa_Hakka_Radio" title="Formosa Hakka Radio">Formosa Hakka Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_FM_(Taiwan)" title="Hit FM (Taiwan)">Hit FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Community_Radio_Taipei" title="International Community Radio Taipei">International Community Radio Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Radio_Taiwan" title="Kiss Radio Taiwan">KISS Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_United_States" title="Template:Chinese-language radio in United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese-language_radio_in_United_States" title="Template talk:Chinese-language radio in United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language_radio_in_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese-language radio in United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese-language_radio_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese-language_radio_stations#United_States" title="List of Chinese-language radio stations">Chinese-language radio</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>The following channels offer at least some programming in Chinese</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honolulu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KHCM_(AM)" title="KHCM (AM)">KHCM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Houston</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCHN" title="KCHN">KCHN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Los Angeles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KAHZ" title="KAHZ">KAHZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAZN" title="KAZN">KAZN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQEV-LP" title="KQEV-LP">KQEV-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWRM" title="KWRM">KWRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMRB" title="KMRB">KMRB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WGBB" title="WGBB">WGBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKDM" title="WKDM">WKDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZRC" title="WZRC">WZRC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">San Francisco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KEST" title="KEST">KEST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVTO" title="KVTO">KVTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSQQ" title="KSQQ">KSQQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_World_Radio_Network" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Radio_Network" title="Template:World Radio Network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Radio_Network" title="Template talk:World Radio Network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Radio_Network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Radio Network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_World_Radio_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">World Radio Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">Akashvani (All India Radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banns_Radio_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banns Radio International (page does not exist)">Banns Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Africa" title="Channel Africa">Channel Africa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Radio_International" title="Israel Radio International">Israel Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBR_(news_agency)" title="KBR (news agency)">KBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBS_World_Radio" title="KBS World Radio">KBS World Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Poland" title="Radio Poland">Radio Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">Radio Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Damascus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Damascus (page does not exist)">Radio Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">Radio France Internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Havana_Cuba" title="Radio Havana Cuba">Radio Havana Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_World_Radio_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="NHK World Radio Japan">Radio Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Kuwait (page does not exist)">Radio Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZ_International" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ International">Radio New Zealand International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">Radio Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Prague" title="Radio Prague">Radio Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Romania_International" title="Radio Romania International">Radio Romania International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Slovakia_International" title="Radio Slovakia International">Radio Slovakia International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Radio Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR_International_%E2%80%93_Radio_Sweden" title="SR International – Radio Sweden">Radio Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Taiwan_International" title="Radio Taiwan International">Radio Taiwan International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Thailand_World_Service" title="Radio Thailand World Service">Radio Thailand World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunis_Cha%C3%AEne_Internationale" title="Radio Tunis Chaîne Internationale">Radio Tunis International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodifusi%C3%B3n_Argentina_al_Exterior" title="Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior">Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio" title="RTÉ Radio">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">swissinfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Korea" title="Voice of Korea">Voice of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIB_World_Service" title="IRIB World Service">Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_Strait" title="Voice of the Strait">Voice of the Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Turkey" title="Voice of Turkey">Voice of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Hauser" title="Glenn Hauser">World of Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/24px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/32px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375117#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375117#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375117#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000041791591X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137244121">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1034403184">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83133810">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb162615602">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb162615602">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10912164?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/150410727">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&oldid=1253795732">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Radio_International&oldid=1253795732</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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