¿Sabías que la estrella de mar ‘vomita’ su estómago? Te contamos por qué

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Te contamos por qu\u00e9","description":"Las estrellas de mar son fascinantes criaturas marinas que tienen una habilidad sorprendente: pueden expulsar su est\u00f3mago fuera de su cuerpo.","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230327101002\/https:\/\/www.muyinteresante.es\/naturaleza\/59956.html"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230327101002\/https:\/\/www.muyinteresante.es\/files\/article_social_75\/uploads\/2023\/03\/24\/641dc8787de08.jpeg","width":1200,"height":630},"headline":"\u00bfSab\u00edas que la estrella de mar \u2018vomita\u2019 su est\u00f3mago? Te contamos por qu\u00e9","alternativeHeadline":"Las estrellas de mar son fascinantes criaturas marinas que tienen una habilidad sorprendente: pueden expulsar su est\u00f3mago fuera de su cuerpo.","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"\u00c1lvaro Bay\u00f3n (Vary)","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230327101002\/https:\/\/www.muyinteresante.es\/autores\/alvaro-bayon-vary\/"},"dateModified":"2023-03-24T19:00:00+01:00","datePublished":"2023-03-24T19:00:00+01:00","articleBody":"La estrella de mar es un animal verdaderamente extra\u00f1o; a pesar de su aparente simplicidad, su posici\u00f3n evolutiva es m\u00e1s pr\u00f3xima a los vertebrados que a la del resto de invertebrados, y tienen una anatom\u00eda compleja. Forma parte del grupo de los equinodermos, que comparte con erizos de mar, lirios de mar y pepinos de mar (Pepino de mar para tus ojos).. Las estrellas de mar forman, a su vez, un grupo monofil\u00e9tico denominado Asteroidea, y se conocen f\u00f3siles desde el per\u00edodo Ordov\u00edcico, hace unos 480 millones de a\u00f1os. Presentan un cuerpo formado por un disco central a partir del cual se extienden entre 5 y m\u00e1s de 20 brazos, seg\u00fan la especie. Presentan un endoesqueleto, dispuesto bajo la epidermis, formado por placas calc\u00e1reas, dispuestas de tal modo que permite un movimiento relativamente flexible.. La estrella de mar vive en el fondo oce\u00e1nico, a diferentes profundidades, desde entornos intermareales hasta los fondos abisales. Son muy activas por la noche, y durante el d\u00eda se suelen esconder en zonas umbr\u00edas.. La mayor parte de las estrellas de mar son carn\u00edvoras, depredadores activos. Dado que su movilidad es reducida, se alimentan de criaturas lentas o s\u00e9siles, especialmente moluscos, y sobre todo bivalvos, como mejillones, ostras o almejas.. Tambi\u00e9n puede comer corales, y de hecho, algunas especies de estrella de mar, como la corona de espinas, es un problema potencial para los arrecifes de coral si sus poblaciones no son controladas por sus depredadores naturales. Los crust\u00e1ceos, an\u00e9lidos, erizos de mar e incluso otras estrellas de mar pueden formar, tambi\u00e9n, parte de la dieta de una estrella de mar, y algunas especies son capaces de capturar peces peque\u00f1os. Para atacar, la estrella de mar se coloca sobre su presa, abraz\u00e1ndola y sujet\u00e1ndose firmemente sobre ella.. La boca se localiza en la base del disco corporal, rodeada por una membrana flexible. Pero, a diferencia de otros equinodermos como el erizo de mar, que dispone de piezas bucales fuertes, en una disposici\u00f3n denominada linterna de Arist\u00f3teles, la estrella de mar carece de cualquier estructura bucal endurecida, como dientes o mand\u00edbulas. Pero esta carencia no supone un freno a la funci\u00f3n de nutrici\u00f3n para la estrella de mar. La evoluci\u00f3n ha dotado a estos animales de una forma fascinante de obtener su alimento desde dentro de la concha resistente del bivalvo.. La nutrici\u00f3n de la estrella de mar ha despertado la curiosidad de los cient\u00edficos casi desde su descubrimiento. Y no sin motivo: cuando la estrella de mar ha atrapado una presa entre sus brazos, evagina su est\u00f3mago, delgado y extraordinariamente flexible, por la boca, y aprovecha la peque\u00f1a apertura que los moluscos mantienen entre sus valvas para infiltrarlo en torno al cuerpo tierno de su presa.. Esta forma de \u2018vomitar\u2019 el aparato digestivo, hasta donde sabemos, es \u00fanica en el reino animal. Una vez dentro de las conchas de su presa, y con ella a\u00fan viva, el est\u00f3mago de la estrella de mar comienza a segregar enzimas que digieren, lenta y paulatinamente, las partes blandas del molusco hasta que lo \u00fanico que queda de \u00e9l es una especie de pasta espesa dentro de las valvas.. Es entonces cuando la estrella de mar repliega su est\u00f3mago, de vuelta al interior de su cuerpo, y empleando los fuertes brazos, y aprovechando que los m\u00fasculos que manten\u00edan las valvas cerradas ya no est\u00e1n, abre la concha para succionar el pur\u00e9 parcialmente digerido y termina de procesarlo y nutrirse.. La din\u00e1mica de depredaci\u00f3n y alimentaci\u00f3n mediante la evaginaci\u00f3n del est\u00f3mago es muy habitual en las estrellas de mar, pero no representa una norma absoluta. Existe un grupo de estrellas de mar que tienen un comportamiento totalmente distinto. Son los concentricicloideos, tambi\u00e9n llamados margaritas de mar, que son estrellas de mar sin boca ni tubo digestivo.. Las tres \u00fanicas especies de margarita de mar conocidas, del g\u00e9nero Xyloplax, viven en restos de madera hundidos, procedente de \u00e1rboles ca\u00eddos al agua, o de los restos de un naufragio, en los fondos abisales. No tienen m\u00e1s de 10\u202fmil\u00edmetros de di\u00e1metro, y carecen de brazos. En general, la morfolog\u00eda de la margarita de mar es una versi\u00f3n sobresimplificada de la de la estrella de mar; se considera una simplificaci\u00f3n evolutiva, como lo sucedido con los pentast\u00f3midos y el resto de los crust\u00e1ceos.. La alimentaci\u00f3n de estas criaturas fue todo un enigma desde su descubrimiento, en 1986. Se sabe que en la regi\u00f3n ventral del cuerpo, all\u00ed donde el resto de las estrellas de mar tienen la boca, la margarita de mar tiene una membrana digestiva a partir de la cual se nutre. Sobre cu\u00e1l es su fuente de alimento, la hip\u00f3tesis m\u00e1s aceptada actualmente plantea que se alimenta de bacterias.. Forli, M. et al. 2022. Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea: Starfish and Brittle Stars. En M. Forli et al. (Eds.), The History of Fossils Over Centuries: From Folklore to Science (pp. 401-415). Springer International Publishing. DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-031-04687-2_22Janies, D. et al. 1998. Xyloplax is an asteroid. Echinoderm Research.Solomon, E. P. et al. 2013. Biolog\u00eda (9a). 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Te contamos por qué</h1></div> <div class="default-epigraph"> <p class="c-detail__subtitle">Las estrellas de mar son fascinantes criaturas marinas que tienen una habilidad sorprendente: pueden expulsar su estómago fuera de su cuerpo.</p></div> <nav class="c-detail__share"> <a class="c-icon c-icon-facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/59956.html%23utm_source%3Drrss-comp%26utm_medium%3Dfb%26utm_campaign%3Dfixed-btn" data-gtm-social-provider="facebook" target="_blank"> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> <a class="c-icon c-icon-twitter" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=%C2%BFSab%C3%ADas%20que%20la%20estrella%20de%20mar%20%E2%80%98vomita%E2%80%99%20su%20est%C3%B3mago%3F%20Te%20contamos%20por%20qu%C3%A9%26via%3Dstarbase_com%26url%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.muyinteresante.es%2Fnaturaleza%2F59956.html%23utm_source%3Drrss-comp%26utm_medium%3Dtw%26utm_campaign%3Dfixed-btn" data-gtm-social-provider="twitter" target="_blank"> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </a> <a class="c-icon c-icon-md c-icon-whatsapp" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=%C2%BFSab%C3%ADas%20que%20la%20estrella%20de%20mar%20%E2%80%98vomita%E2%80%99%20su%20est%C3%B3mago?%20Te%20contamos%20por%20qu%C3%A9%20https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/59956.html%23utm_source%3Drrss-comp%26utm_medium%3Dwh%26utm_campaign%3Dfixed-btn" data-gtm-social-provider="whatsapp" target="_blank"> <span class="sr-only">Whatsapp</span> </a> <a class="c-icon c-icon-xs c-icon-whatsapp" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/whatsapp://send/?text=%C2%BFSab%C3%ADas%20que%20la%20estrella%20de%20mar%20%E2%80%98vomita%E2%80%99%20su%20est%C3%B3mago?%20Te%20contamos%20por%20qu%C3%A9%20https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/59956.html%23utm_source%3Drrss-comp%26utm_medium%3Dwh%26utm_campaign%3Dfixed-btn" data-gtm-social-provider="whatsapp" target="_blank"> <span class="sr-only">Whatsapp</span> </a> <a class="c-icon c-icon-copy" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/59956.html" target="_blank"> <span class="sr-only">detail.copy_link.title</span> </a> </nav> </div> <div class="c-detail-content"> <div> <div class="main_video " id="m13660-13659-13661"> <div class="video-player"> <figure class="c-detail__media c-detail__media-video"> <div class="c-detail__media__thumb"> <img data-index="" data-full="[object Object]" data-original="[object Object]" alt="¿Sabías que la estrella de mar ‘vomita’ su estómago? Te contamos por qué (Alvaro Bayon)" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002im_/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/image_940_528/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc7ad1e851.jpeg" data-full-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc7ad1e851.jpeg"> </div> </figure> <div class="multimedia-video embed-responsive"> <video href="8XNCMxFH" data-source="jwplatform"></video> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="c-detail__body"> <div class="c-detail__author"> <div><div class="c-detail__author__thumb"><a href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/autores/alvaro-bayon-vary/"><figure> <picture src="https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/image_60_60/uploads/2022/10/11/6345602a468aa.webp" data-size="w:40,h:40"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002im_/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/image_60_60/uploads/2022/10/11/6345602a468aa.webp" alt="Álvaro Bayón (Vary)" width="40" height="40" data-full-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/image_60_60/uploads/2022/10/11/6345602a468aa.webp"> </picture> </figure></a></div></div> <div class="c-detail__author__title"> <div class="c-detail__author__info"><a href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/autores/alvaro-bayon-vary/" class="c-detail__author__name">Álvaro Bayón (Vary)</a></div> <div class="c-detail__author__info"> </div> <p class="c-detail__info__more"> <a class="c-detail__info__more__date" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/hemeroteca/230324/"> <time datetime="2023-03-24T19:00:00+01:00">24.03.2023 | 19:00</time> </a> </p> <p class="c-detail__info__more"> <time class="c-detail__info__more__date" datetime="2023-03-24T19:00:00+01:00">24.03.2023 | 19:00</time> </p> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div class="c-detail__tags"> <p class="c-detail__tags__title">En:</p> <ul class="c-detail__tags__list"> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/animales/" title="Animales">Animales</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/arrecifes-de-coral/" title="Arrecifes de coral">Arrecifes de coral</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/bivalvos/" title="Bivalvos">Bivalvos</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/coral/" title="Coral">Coral</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/estrellas/" title="Estrellas">Estrellas</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/invertebrados/" title="Invertebrados">Invertebrados</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/mares/" title="Mares">Mares</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/mejillones/" title="Mejillones">Mejillones</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/ordovicico/" title="Ordovícico">Ordovícico</a> </li> <li class="c-detail__tags__item"> <a rel="tag" href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/temas/vertebrados/" title="Vertebrados">Vertebrados</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div>  <p class="paragraph">La estrella de mar es un animal verdaderamente extraño; a pesar de su aparente simplicidad, <b>su posición evolutiva es más próxima a los vertebrados que a la del resto de invertebrados</b>, y tienen una anatomía compleja. Forma parte del grupo de los <b>equinodermos</b>, que comparte con erizos de mar, lirios de mar y pepinos de mar (Pepino de mar para tus ojos).</p><figure class="c-detail__media " id="m13687-13686-13688"> <div class="c-detail__media__thumb"> <picture data-size="w:620,h:404" src="https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/composte_image/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc832a7f70.jpeg" data-full-src="https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc832a7f70.jpeg"> <img data-index="" alt="Estrella de mar" data-full="[object Object]" data-original="[object Object]" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002im_/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/composte_image/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc832a7f70.jpeg" data-full-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc832a7f70.jpeg"> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="c-detail__media__txt"> <p class="c-detail__media__subtitle"> <span class="c-detail__media__credit " id="m13748-13747-13749">Estrella de mar - mkurtbas/iStock</span></p> </figcaption> </figure><h2 class="subtitle">Breve boceto de descripción biológica de la estrella de mar</h2><p class="paragraph">Las estrellas de mar forman, a su vez, un grupo monofilético denominado <b>Asteroidea</b>, y se conocen fósiles desde <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/25484.html"><b>el período Ordovícico</b>, hace unos 480 millones de años</a>. Presentan un cuerpo formado por un disco central a partir del cual se extienden <b>entre 5 y más de 20 brazos</b>, según la especie. Presentan un endoesqueleto, dispuesto bajo la epidermis, formado por placas calcáreas, dispuestas de tal modo que permite un movimiento relativamente flexible.</p><p class="paragraph">La estrella de mar vive en el fondo oceánico, a diferentes profundidades, desde entornos intermareales hasta los fondos abisales. Son muy activas por la noche, y durante el día se suelen esconder en zonas umbrías.</p><p class="paragraph">La mayor parte de las estrellas de mar<b> son carnívoras, depredadores activos</b>. Dado que su movilidad es reducida, se alimentan de criaturas lentas o sésiles, especialmente moluscos, y <b>sobre todo bivalvos</b>, como <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/curiosidades/14896.html">mejillones</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/13162.html">ostras</a> o almejas.</p><div class="c-detail__box " id="m13699-13698-13700"> <article class="c-detail__sumario " id="m13766-13765-13767"> <figure class="c-detail__sumario__thumb"> <a href="#" title=""> <img loading="lazy" alt="60464da35bafe8e435de9dd7" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002im_/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/related_image/uploads/2022/10/13/63481e07b955a.jpeg" data-full-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2022/10/13/63481e07b955a.jpeg"> </a> </figure> <div class="c-detail__sumario__txt"> <div> <p class="c-detail__sumario__epigraph " id="m13786-13785-13787">Naturaleza</p></div> <h2 class="c-detail__sumario__title"> <a id="m13791-13790-13792" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/25484.html">Esta criatura es el antepasado de todas las estrellas de mar</a></h2> <p class="c-detail__sumario__signature"> <strong> <strong class="c-detail__sumario__author " id="m13796-13795-13797"><a href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/autores/rocio-sanchez-montilla/">Rocío Sánchez Montilla</a></strong></strong> </p> </div> </article></div><p class="paragraph">También puede comer <b>corales</b>, y de hecho, algunas especies de estrella de mar, como <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/59854.html">la corona de espinas</a>, es un problema potencial para los <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/59854.html">arrecifes de coral</a> si sus poblaciones no son controladas por sus depredadores naturales. Los crustáceos, anélidos, erizos de mar e incluso otras estrellas de mar pueden formar, también, parte de la dieta de una estrella de mar, y algunas especies son capaces de capturar peces pequeños. Para atacar, la estrella de mar se coloca sobre su presa, abrazándola y sujetándose firmemente sobre ella.</p><figure class="c-detail__media " id="m13704-13703-13705"> <div class="c-detail__media__thumb"> <picture data-size="w:620,h:404" src="https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/composte_image/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc84d37313.jpeg" data-full-src="https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc84d37313.jpeg"> <img data-index="" alt="Estrella de mar corona de espinas" data-full="[object Object]" data-original="[object Object]" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002im_/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/composte_image/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc84d37313.jpeg" data-full-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc84d37313.jpeg"> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="c-detail__media__txt"> <p class="c-detail__media__subtitle"> <span class="c-detail__media__credit " id="m13815-13814-13816">Estrella de mar corona de espinas, voraz depredador del arrecife de coral - Tarasovs/iStock</span></p> </figcaption> </figure><p class="paragraph"><b>La boca se localiza en la base del disco corporal</b>, rodeada por una membrana flexible. Pero, a diferencia de otros equinodermos como el erizo de mar, que dispone de piezas bucales fuertes, en una disposición denominada <i>linterna de Aristóteles</i>,<b> la estrella de mar carece de cualquier estructura bucal endurecida</b>, como dientes o mandíbulas. Pero esta carencia no supone un freno a la función de nutrición para la estrella de mar. La evolución ha dotado a estos animales de <b>una forma fascinante de obtener su alimento</b> desde dentro de la concha resistente del bivalvo.</p><h2 class="subtitle">Evaginando el estómago</h2><p class="paragraph">La nutrición de la estrella de mar ha despertado la curiosidad de los científicos casi desde su descubrimiento. Y no sin motivo: cuando la estrella de mar ha atrapado una presa entre sus brazos, <b>evagina su estómago</b>, delgado y extraordinariamente flexible, por la boca, y aprovecha la pequeña apertura que los moluscos mantienen entre sus valvas para<b> infiltrarlo en torno al cuerpo tierno de su presa</b>.</p><p class="paragraph"><b>Esta forma de ‘vomitar’ el aparato digestivo</b>, hasta donde sabemos, es única en el reino animal. Una vez dentro de las conchas de su presa, y con ella aún viva, el estómago de la estrella de mar comienza a segregar enzimas que <b>digieren, lenta y paulatinamente, las partes blandas del molusco</b> hasta que lo único que queda de él es una especie de pasta espesa dentro de las valvas.</p><p class="paragraph">Es entonces cuando la estrella de mar repliega su estómago, de vuelta al interior de su cuerpo, y empleando los fuertes brazos, y aprovechando que los músculos que mantenían las valvas cerradas ya no están, <b>abre la concha para succionar el puré</b> parcialmente digerido y termina de procesarlo y nutrirse.</p><figure class="c-detail__media " id="m13716-13715-13717"> <div class="c-detail__media__thumb"> <picture data-size="w:620,h:404" src="https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/composte_image/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc865af5e9.jpeg" data-full-src="https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc865af5e9.jpeg"> <img data-index="" alt="Estrella de mar moteada" data-full="[object Object]" data-original="[object Object]" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002im_/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/composte_image/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc865af5e9.jpeg" data-full-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2023/03/24/641dc865af5e9.jpeg"> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="c-detail__media__txt"> <p class="c-detail__media__subtitle"> <span class="c-detail__media__credit " id="m13833-13832-13834">Estrella de mar moteada, dada la vuelta, introduciendo su estómago entre las valvas de un mejillón - Gerald Corsi/iStock</span></p> </figcaption> </figure><h2 class="subtitle">El caso excepcional de la estrella de mar sin boca</h2><p class="paragraph">La dinámica de depredación y alimentación mediante la evaginación del estómago es muy habitual en las estrellas de mar, pero no representa una norma absoluta. Existe un grupo de estrellas de mar que tienen un comportamiento totalmente distinto. Son los <b>concentricicloideos</b>, también llamados <b>margaritas de mar</b>, que son estrellas de mar sin boca ni tubo digestivo.</p><div class="c-detail__box " id="m13728-13727-13729"> <article class="c-detail__sumario " id="m13851-13850-13852"> <figure class="c-detail__sumario__thumb"> <a href="#" title=""> <img loading="lazy" alt="5536592d70a1ae8d775dfd9d" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002im_/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/files/related_image/uploads/2022/10/13/634759cf10d6b.jpeg" data-full-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://imagenes.muyinteresante.es/uploads/2022/10/13/634759cf10d6b.jpeg"> </a> </figure> <div class="c-detail__sumario__txt"> <div> <p class="c-detail__sumario__epigraph " id="m13871-13870-13872">Naturaleza</p></div> <h2 class="c-detail__sumario__title"> <a id="m13876-13875-13877" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/naturaleza/2008.html">Las estrellas de mar tienen un ojo en cada brazo</a></h2> <p class="c-detail__sumario__signature"> <strong> <strong class="c-detail__sumario__author " id="m13881-13880-13882"><a href="/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/autores/elena-sanz/">Elena Sanz</a></strong></strong> </p> </div> </article></div><p class="paragraph">Las tres únicas especies de margarita de mar conocidas, <b>del género <i>Xyloplax</i></b>, viven en restos de madera hundidos, procedente de árboles caídos al agua, o de los restos de un naufragio, en los fondos abisales. No tienen más de 10 milímetros de diámetro, y carecen de brazos. En general, la morfología de la margarita de mar es una versión sobresimplificada de la de la estrella de mar; se considera <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327101002/https://www.muyinteresante.es/ciencia/17284.html">una simplificación evolutiva</a>, como lo sucedido con los pentastómidos y el resto de los crustáceos.</p><p class="paragraph">La alimentación de estas criaturas fue todo un enigma desde su descubrimiento, en 1986. Se sabe que en la región ventral del cuerpo, allí donde el resto de las estrellas de mar tienen la boca, la margarita de mar tiene <b>una membrana digestiva</b> a partir de la cual se nutre. Sobre cuál es su fuente de alimento, la hipótesis más aceptada actualmente plantea que <b>se alimenta de bacterias</b>.</p><h2 class="subtitle">Referencias:</h2><div class="paragraph"><ul><li>Forli, M. et al. 2022. Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea: Starfish and Brittle Stars. En M. Forli et al. (Eds.), <i>The History of Fossils Over Centuries: From Folklore to Science</i> (pp. 401-415). Springer International Publishing. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04687-2_22</li><li>Janies, D. et al. 1998. Xyloplax is an asteroid. <i>Echinoderm Research</i>.</li><li>Solomon, E. P. et al. 2013. <i>Biología</i> (9a). 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