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rootpage-Басты_бет skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Мазмұнға өту</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Басты мәзір" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Басты мәзір</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Басты мәзір</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шарлау </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бетті көру [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жоба туралы, мұнда немен айналысуға болатыны туралы, қай жерде не бары туралы"><span>Қауымдастық порталы</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ағымдағы оқиғаларға қатысты өң ақпаратын табу"><span>Қазіргі оқиғалар</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Осы уикидегі жуықтағы өзгерістер тізімі. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Жуықтағы өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Кездейсоқ бет жүктеу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Кездейсоқ бет</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Анықтама табу орны."><span>Анықтама</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikibooks.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикикітап" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-wordmark-vi.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Уикикітап жобасында іздеу [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Іздеу</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Уикикітап жобасынан іздеу" aria-label="Уикикітап жобасынан іздеу" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Уикикітап жобасында іздеу [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Арнайы:Іздеу"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Іздеу</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Жеке құралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikibooks.org&uselang=kk" class=""><span>Қолдау</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес." class=""><span>Тіркелу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikibooks.org&uselang=kk"><span>Қолдау</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін талқылау [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Басты бет</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат кеңістіктері"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" rel="discussion" title="Мағлұмат бетті талқылау [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тіл нұсқасын ауыстыру" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">kk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Көріністер"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit" title="Бұл бет қорғалған.
Оның кодын көре аласыз. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодын көру</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=history" title="Бұл беттін соңғы нұсқалары. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Құралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Құралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Әрекеттер </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit"><span>Кодын көру</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=history"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Жалпы </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мұнда сілтейтін барлық бет тізімі [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Мұнда сілтейтін беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" rel="nofollow" title="Осы жерден сілтенген беттердің жуықтағы өзгерістері [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Қатысты өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=kk" title="Файл жүктеу [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл жүктеу</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Барлық арнайы беттер тізімі [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Арнайы беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&oldid=5561" title="Мына беттің осы нұсқасының тұрақты сілтемесі"><span>Тұрақты сілтеме</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=info" title="Бұл бет туралы көбірек мәлімет"><span>Бет ақпараты</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&id=5561&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бұл беттен қалай дәйексөз алуға болатыны туралы мәлімет"><span>Беттен дәйексөз алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582"><span>URL мекенжайын қысқарту</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582"><span>QR код жүктеу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баспа/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ретінде жүктеп алу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Бұл беттің басып шығаруға арналған нұсқасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып шығару нұсқасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Басқа жобаларда </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Ортаққор</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-foundation mw-list-item"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Home" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Foundation</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-outreach mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Outreach</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Multilingual Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Уикидерек</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimania</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" hreflang="kk"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" hreflang="kk"><span>Уикидәйек</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" hreflang="kk"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрініс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикикітап жобасынан</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><table style="text-align:center; border:0; margin-top:1.2em; margin-bottom:2ex; background-color:#fcfcfc; width:100%; clear:both;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="globegris" style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; background-color:#fcfcfc; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position:-40px -14px; -webkit-border-radius:7px; -moz-border-radius:7px; border-radius:7px"> <table style="width:100%; margin-top:.7em; background:transparent; border:0px solid #ccc"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:70%; color:#000; text-align:center; background:transparent;"> <table style="width:100%; border:none; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:100%; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;"> <div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Уикикітап">Уикикітап қорына</a> қош келдіңіз!</div> <div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">Бұл <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Уикикітап:Кіріспе">кез келген адам еркін өңдей алатын</a> ашық және тегін кітап контенті.</div> <div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Арнайы:Санақ">Қазір қазақ тілінде 157</a> кітап бар.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:20%" valign="top"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Freies_Tauschb%C3%BCcherregal_am_Rhein_DSCF3651.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Freies_Tauschb%C3%BCcherregal_am_Rhein_DSCF3651.jpg/250px-Freies_Tauschb%C3%BCcherregal_am_Rhein_DSCF3651.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Freies_Tauschb%C3%BCcherregal_am_Rhein_DSCF3651.jpg/375px-Freies_Tauschb%C3%BCcherregal_am_Rhein_DSCF3651.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Freies_Tauschb%C3%BCcherregal_am_Rhein_DSCF3651.jpg/500px-Freies_Tauschb%C3%BCcherregal_am_Rhein_DSCF3651.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td style="width:75%" valign="top"> <div style="position:relative; border:1px solid #a7d7f9; background-color: #c8d8ff; padding:8px 0 0; -webkit-border-top-left-radius:7px; -webkit-border-top-right-radius:7px; -moz-border-radius-topleft:7px; -moz-border-radius-topright:7px; border-top-left-radius:7px; border-top-right-radius:7px"><div style="position:absolute; left:2px; top:1px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/48px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/64px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div><h2 id="Уикикітап_туралы" style="font-size:125%; padding:0 40px 7px; margin:0 0 0; font-weight:bold; border:0"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BA.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BF_.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B"></span>Уикикітап туралы</h2></div> <div style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; border-top:0; padding:8px 8px 8px; margin-bottom:2ex; -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:7px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:7px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright:7px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:7px; border-bottom-right-radius:7px; border-bottom-left-radius:7px"> <b>Уикикітап</b> — ашық және тегін пайдалануға болатын мәтін қоры. Кез келген әдеби шығарма да мәтін ретінде қарастырылуы мүмкін, алайда Уикикітапқа орналастырылатын мәтін нұсқаулық ретінде болуы тиіс. Бұл дегеніміз оқу процесінде пайдалануға болатын басшылық құжаттар түрінде болуы керек деген сөз.<div style="font-size:85%; text-align:right; clear:both"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Уикикітап:Кіріспе">Кіріспе</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Үлгі:Уикикітап туралы">Қарау</a></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="position:relative; border:1px solid #a7d7f9; background-color: #d7ffc7; padding:8px 0 0; -webkit-border-top-left-radius:7px; -webkit-border-top-right-radius:7px; -moz-border-radius-topleft:7px; -moz-border-radius-topright:7px; border-top-left-radius:7px; border-top-right-radius:7px"><div style="position:absolute; left:2px; top:1px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Midori_News_Feed.svg/32px-Midori_News_Feed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Midori_News_Feed.svg/48px-Midori_News_Feed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Midori_News_Feed.svg/64px-Midori_News_Feed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div><h2 id="Кітапхана" style="font-size:125%; padding:0 40px 7px; margin:0 0 0; font-weight:bold; border:0"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BF.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Кітапхана</h2></div> <div style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; border-top:0; padding:8px 8px 8px; margin-bottom:2ex; -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:7px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:7px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright:7px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:7px; border-bottom-right-radius:7px; border-bottom-left-radius:7px"> Тақырыптар бойынша кітаптар</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; border:0; margin-top:1.2em; margin-bottom:2ex; background-color:#fcfcfc; width:100%; clear:both;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="globegris" style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; background-color:#fcfcfc; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position:-40px -14px; -webkit-border-radius:7px; -moz-border-radius:7px; border-radius:7px"> <table style="width:100%; margin-top:.7em; background:transparent; border:0px solid #ccc"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:70%; color:#000; text-align:center; background:transparent;"> <p>Уикикітап <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уикимедиа қоры (мұндай бет жоқ)">Уикимедиа қорында</a> орналастырылған, комерциялық емес ұйымда тағы да басқа <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Our_projects" class="extiw" title="wmf:Our projects">жобалар</a> орналасқан: </p> <table class="layout plainlinks" style="width:90%; margin:auto; text-align:left; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="commons:"><img alt="commons:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/48px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/">Ортаққор</a></b> <br /> <small>Ашық файлдар қоры</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="mw:"><img alt="mw:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/35px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/53px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/70px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://mediawiki.org/">МедиаУики</a></b> <br /> <small>Уики бағдарламалық жасақтама</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="m:"><img alt="m:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/26px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/39px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/52px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/">Мета-Уики</a></b> <br /> <small>Уикимедиа жобаларын үйлестіру</small> </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Уикикітап"><img alt="Уикикітап" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/26px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/39px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/52px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/">Уикипедия</a></b> <br /> <small>Ашық энциклопедия</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:3px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Уикидерек"><img alt="Уикидерек" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wikidata-logo-en.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wikidata-logo-en.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wikidata-logo-en.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/">Уикидерек</a></b> <br /><small>Ашық білім базасы</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Уикихабар"><img alt="Уикихабар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikinews.org/">Уикихабар</a></b> <br /> <small>Ашық жаңалықтар</small> </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Уикидәйек"><img alt="Уикидәйек" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/48px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/">Уикидәйек</a></b> <br /> <small>Дәйексөз жиынтығы</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Уикиқайнар"><img alt="Уикиқайнар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/52px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikisource.org/">Уикиқайнар</a></b> <br /> <small>Ашық құжатхана</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Басты_бет?uselang=kk" title="wikispecies:"><img alt="wikispecies:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/39px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/52px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/Басты_бет?uselang=kk">Уикитүрлер</a></b> <br /> <small>Тірі организмдер тізімдемесі</small> </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Уикисабақ"><img alt="Уикисабақ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/28px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/42px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/56px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikiversity.org/">Уикисабақ</a></b> <br /> <small>Ашық университет</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Уикисаяхат"><img alt="Уикисаяхат" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/28px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/42px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/56px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikivoyage.org/">Уикисаяхат</a></b> <br /> <small>Ашық онлайн саяхатшы нұсқаулығы</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикисөздік"><img alt="Уикисөздік" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wiktionary-logo-kk-without-text.svg/28px-Wiktionary-logo-kk-without-text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wiktionary-logo-kk-without-text.svg/42px-Wiktionary-logo-kk-without-text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wiktionary-logo-kk-without-text.svg/56px-Wiktionary-logo-kk-without-text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/">Уикисөздік</a></b> <br /> <small>Сөздік және сөзнама</small> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table style="border-spacing:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#c8d8ff; border:1px solid #8898bf; line-height:5px; width:100%;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f4f7ff; border:1px solid #8898bf; border-top:0px; padding:7px; margin:0px; width:100%;"><h2 id="Уикикітап_басқа_тілдерде" style="margin-bottom:0.3em; text-align:center;"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BA.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BF_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.81.D2.9B.D0.B0_.D1.82.D1.96.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B4.D0.B5"></span>Уикикітап басқа тілдерде</h2><span style="white-space: nowrap;"></span><table style="background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr><td><b>> 10 000<br />кітап</b>  </td> <td><big><big><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="en:">Ағылшын (English)</a> · <a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="de:">Неміс (Deutsch)</a> · <a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">Француз (Français)</a> · <a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hu:">Венгер (Magyar)</a> </big></big></td></tr> <tr><td><b>> 5 000</b></td> <td><big><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ja:">Жапон (日本語)</a> · <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="it:">Итальян (Italiano)</a> · <a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="es:">Испан (Español)</a> · <a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pt:">Португал (Português)</a> · <a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nl:">Нидерланд (Nederlands)</a> · <a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pl:">Поляк (Polski)</a> · <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="he:">Иврит (עברית)</a></span> </big></td></tr> <tr><td><b>> 1 000</b></td> <td><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="vi:">Вьетнам (Tiếng Việt)</a> · <a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="id:">Индонезия (Bahasa Indonesia)</a> · <a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sq:">Албан (Shqip)</a> · <a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ca:">Каталан (Català)</a> · <a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fi:">Фин (Suomi)</a> · <a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ru:">Орыс (Русский)</a> · <a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cs:">Чех (Čeština)</a> · <a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh:">Қытай (中文)</a> · <a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sv:">Швед (Svenska)</a> · <a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="da:">Дат (Dansk)</a> · <a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hr:">Хорват (Hrvatski)</a> · <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> <a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tr:">Түрік (Türkçe)</a> · <a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="no:">Норвег (Norsk)</a> · <a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="th:">Тай (ไทย)</a> </span></td></tr> <tr><td><b>> 500</b> </td><td><small><a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sr:">Серб (Српски / Srpski)</a> · <a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gl:">Галисий (Galego)</a> · <a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fa:">Парсы (فارسی)</a> · <a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ko:"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Корей (한국어)</span></a> · <a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ta:">Тамиль (தமிழ்)</a>  · <a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ar:">Араб (العربية)</a> · <a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mk:">Македон (Македонски)</a> · <a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tl:">Тагаль (Tagalog)</a> · <a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ro:">Румын (Română)</a> · <a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="is:">Исланд (Íslenska)</a> </small></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikibooks/Table" class="extiw" title="m:Wikibooks/Table">Барлық тілдік нұсқалар</a></b> <span title="на ағылшынша языке" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Басты_бет&oldid=5561">https://kk.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Басты_бет&oldid=5561</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 107 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-aa mw-list-item"><a href="https://aa.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – афар тілі" lang="aa" hreflang="aa" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="Qafár af" data-language-local-name="афар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qafár af</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/H%C4%93afods%C4%ABde" title="Hēafodsīde – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hēafodsīde" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ana_s%C9%99hif%C9%99" title="Ana səhifə – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana səhifə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит – башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тĕп страница – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕп страница" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="гуарани тілі" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="гуджарати тілі" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine" title="Principal págine – интерлингве тілі" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Principal págine" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="кхмер тілі" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="кашмир тілі" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмир тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikibooks.org/wiki/Veurblaad" title="Veurblaad – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurblaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="лаос тілі" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fandraisana" title="Fandraisana – малагаси тілі" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandraisana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="маори тілі" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-na mw-list-item"><a href="https://na.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="науру тілі" lang="na" hreflang="na" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dorerin Naoero" data-language-local-name="науру тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dorerin Naoero</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="төменгі неміс тілі" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төменгі неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="непал тілі" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="норвег тілі" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="норвег тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="санскрит тілі" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikibooks.org/wiki/V%C3%A1ldosiidu" title="Váldosiidu – солтүстік саам тілі" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Váldosiidu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="солтүстік саам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ – шан тілі" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tepas" title="Tepas – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tepas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="түрікмен тілі" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түрікмен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="волапюк тілі" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="кхоса тілі" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="кхоса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="йоруба тілі" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="зулу тілі" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296#sitelinks-wikibooks" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2016 ж. қаңтардың 18, 02:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" 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