Ambisi dan Tantangan Besar Indonesia dan Thailand Menjadi Pusat Kendaraan Listrik ASEAN

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my-4"> <div class="article-author-avatar"> <div class="avatar"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/u/akhyari" title="Akhyari Hananto"> <div class="avatar-initial">AH</div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article-author-content"> <div class="article-author-name"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/u/akhyari" title="Akhyari Hananto">Akhyari Hananto</a> </div> <div class="article-author-date">11 Desember 2021 08.27 WIB • 5 menit</div> </div> </div> <ul class="list-inline list-none mb-0"> <li class="list-inline-item mr-1"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2021/12/11/ambisi-dan-tantangan-besar-indonesia-dan-thailand-menjadi-pusat-kendaraan-listrik-asean" data-network="facebook" data-device="desktop" data-title="Ambisi dan Tantangan Besar Indonesia dan Thailand Menjadi Pusat Kendaraan Listrik ASEAN" 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<img class="img-fluid" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/uploads/post/large-obi-onyeador-uagtgdjaqu0-unsplash-07b42b55ad90ca9c462c763f54634809.jpg" alt="Ambisi dan Tantangan Besar Indonesia dan Thailand Menjadi Pusat Kendaraan Listrik ASEAN"> <div class="article-photos-info" target="source-44261"> <img class="img-fluid" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/assets/v3/images/ic_info.svg" alt="info gambar utama"> </div> </div> <div class="article-photos-source mt-2" id="source-44261" style="display: none"> <p class="mb-0">Ilustrasi mobil listrik © Obi Onyeador on Unsplash</p> <hr class="mt-2 mb-0"> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="article-content mt-4"> <p>Beberapa waktu lalu, <em>Roland Berger</em> sebuah lembaga konsultan manajemen internasional yang berbasis di Munich, Jerman, merilis laporan penting yang ditunggu banyak orang, <em>Automotive Disruption Radar</em> (ADR) edisi ke-10.</p><p>Laporan ini dirilis setiap dua tahun, dan berfokus pada perkembangan sektor otomotif dunia, dan secara khusus lagi membahas bagaimana elektrifikasi berbagai kendaraan (<em>electric vehicles</em>/EV) dan kesiapan negara-negara di berbagai belahan dunia.</p><p>Khusus untuk edisi ke-10 ini, ADR juga memasukkan dua negara baru, yakni Thailand dan Indonesia yang dianggap sebagai salah satu tulang punggung sektor otomotif di Asia.</p><p>Pada Konferensi Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (COP26) 2021 di Glasgow, Skotlandia, pada Oktober-November 2021 lalu, Perdana Menteri Thailand Prayut Chan-o-cha telah menegaskan kembali ambisi negaranya, sebagai salah satu pusat produksi kendaraan bermotor di Asia.</p></div><div class="article-photos-ads text-center"><div class="singleMultibanner1"></div></div><div class="article-content mt-3"><p>Penegasa itu menyebutkan bahwa, pada akhir dekade ini 50 persen dari seluruh mobil yang diproduksi di Thailand adalah <em>Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEVs), </em>atau kendaraan-kendaraan yang tidak menghasilkan emisi karbon.</p><p>Pada tahun 2035, negara tersebut ingin mencapai target 100 persen sejalan dengan target ambisius <em>National Electric Vehicle Policy Committee</em> (Komite Kebijakan Kendaraan Listrik Nasional) pemerintah Thailand.</p><p>Dampak dari kebijakan ambisius ini kini makin dirasakan, saat para investor dari seluruh dunia mulai tertarik masuk memanfaatkan kebijakan pro-EV negara tersebut.</p><p>Perusahaan raksasa Taiwan Foxconn, baru-baru ini mengumumkan rencana untuk memproduksi hingga 200.000 EV di Thailand setiap tahun bekerjasama dengan BUMN migas Thailand, PTT Public Company Limited. Proyek ini dijadwalkan akan dimulai antara tahun 2023 dan 2024.</p></div><div class="article-photos-ads text-center"><div id="ADOP_V_0r0XzwaUk4q1YbNQXuGZ"></div><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223js_/https://compasscdn.adop.cc/js/adop_collapse_1.1.8.min.js" data-id="ADOP_V_0r0XzwaUk4q1YbNQXuGZ" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-type="re" data-zone="ecf0b66c-b385-4c22-a249-73985a5847fd" data-cl="Y" data-fl="N" data-margin="0,0,0,0" data-res="c74ad51f-63e2-480b-8383-38b56836ff1e,400,225,400" data-size-limit=""></script></div><div class="article-content mt-3"><p>Sementara itu, Indonesia mencanangkan strategi nasional untuk memproduksi 2,2 juta mobil listrik dan 13 juta sepeda listrik yang diharapkan akan hadir di jalan-jalan Indonesia pada tahun 2030.</p><p>Investor pun sudah berdatangan, seperti Hyundai Motor dan LG Energy Solutions yang sudah menginvestasikan 1 miliar dolar AS untuk pabrik manufaktur sel baterai dengan kapasitas 10 GWh di Karawang, yang diharapkan akan beroperasi awal 2024.</p></div><div class="article-photos"><img class="img-fluid w-100" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/uploads/images/2021/12/1108252021-82.jpg_1140x855.jpg" alt="Skuter listrik Gojek + Gogoro | businesstoday.com.tw"><div class="article-photos-info" target="trTp73"><img class="img-fluid" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/assets/v3/images/ic_info.svg" alt="info gambar"></div></div><div class="article-photos-source mt-2" id="trTp73" style="display: none"><p class="image-caption mb-0">Skuter listrik Gojek + Gogoro | businesstoday.com.tw</p><hr class="mt-2 mb-0"></div><div class="article-content mt-3 "><p>Sementara itu, Gojek dan Gogoro (perusahaan dari Taiwan) bermitra dengan Pertamina untuk memproduksi 250 skuter listrik di Jakarta dalam waktu dekat, dan akan ditingkatkan menjadi 5.000 unit.</p></div><div class="article-photos-ads text-center"><div class="singleOOP"></div></div><div class="article-content mt-3"><p>Gojek dan Gogoro juga akan membangun pusat baterai swap (penggantian baterai listrik) yang diberi nama <em>GoStation</em> di berbagai SPBU Pertamina.</p><p>“Minat dan aktivitas industri yang tinggi merupakan sinyal yang jelas bahwa Thailand dan Indonesia akan sangat menarik untuk dilihat dalam perjalanan mereka menuju elektrifikasi dan transformasi otomotif dan transportasi,” kata perwakilan Roland Berger wilayah Asia Tenggara, Udomkiat Bunworasate.</p><p>Masih menurut laporan Roland Berger, kebanyakan orang tertarik pada EV karena dirasa efisien. Di Indonesia, makin banyak orang tertarik dengan kendaraan listrik salah satunya karena fakta bahwa banyak orang Indonesia melakukan perjalanan jarak pendek, yang membuat kendaraan jenis ini menjadi pilihan yang layak.</p><p>Sementara di Thailand, 80 persen responden menunjukkan minat untuk membeli mobil listrik jika mereka berniat mengganti mobilnya yang sekarang. Di Indonesia, minat tersebut sudah mencapai 75 persen.</p></div><div class="article-photos-ads text-center"><div class="categoryMultibanner"></div></div><div class="article-content mt-3"><p><img class="img-fluid img-fluid" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/uploads/images/2021/12/1108042021-Screen-Shot-2021-12-11-at-8.04.08-AM.png" alt="" width="100%"></p><p>Namun, ada hambatan utamanya yakni berkaitan dengan label harga kendaraan listrik yang masih begitu tinggi dibandingkan dengan kendaraan BBM. Hal ini membuat belum begitu banyak mobil listrik yang bersliweran di jalanan.</p><p>Data dari asosiasi manufaktur mobil di Indonesia (Gaikindo), menyebutkan bahwa realisasi total penjualan mobil listrik di Indonesia sepanjang semester pertama 2021 mencapai 1.900 unit. Jumlah ini terdiri atas model hybrid, <em>plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (</em>PHEV), dan mobil listrik baterai (BEV).</p><p>Rinciannya, mobil hybrid terjual 1.378 unit, PHEV 34 unit, dan BEV menyumbang 488 unit. Jumlah ini meningkat jika dibandingkan realisasi tahun lalu, ketika mobil hybrid membukukan 1.108 unit penjualan, PHEV 6 unit, dan BEV 120 unit.</p><p><img class="img-fluid img-fluid" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/uploads/images/2021/12/1108052021-Screen-Shot-2021-12-11-at-8.04.53-AM.png" alt="" width="100%"></p><p>Gaikindo juga menyatakan bahwa harga mobil listrik menjadi tantangan tersendiri dalam pengembangan kendaraan ramah lingkungan di Tanah Air. Ketua Umum Gaikindo, Yohannes Nangoi, menuturkan mobil yang paling laku di Tanah Air berada di rentang harga Rp250 juta sampai dengan Rp300 juta. Rentang harga ini belum diiisi oleh mobil listrik.</p><p>Mobil listrik memiliki harga jual lebih mahal ketimbang mobil konvensional, lantaran komponen utamanya, yaitu baterai, belum diproduksi secara massal. Sedangkan harga baterai mobil listrik sendiri sekitar 40 persen dari harga mobil listrik.</p><p>Persoalan lain adalah jarak tempuh mobil listrik masih terbatas karena kapasitas baterai mobil listrik terbatas. Ini berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan mobil berbahan bakar minyak yang memiliki jarak tempuh panjang karena dukungan ketersediaan stasiun pengisian bahan bakar.</p><p>Ketersediaan stasiun pengisian daya (SPKLU) yang terbatas adalah faktor lain yang membuat banyak orang Indonesia dan Thailand masih mempertimbangkan keputusan mereka untuk membeli EV.</p><p><img class="img-fluid img-fluid" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/uploads/images/2021/12/1107572021-Screen-Shot-2021-12-11-at-7.57.33-AM.png" alt="" width="100%"></p><p>"Di sisi pasokan, pemain ekosistem EV utama seperti OEM, pemasok suku cadang, operator infrastruktur pengisian daya listrik, masih menimbang risiko investasi dan kelangsungan bisnis jangka panjang karena volume permintaan yang masih rendah saat ini,'' kata Kepala Roland Berger Asia Tenggara, Timothy Wong.</p><p>“Masih banyak yang harus dilakukan oleh pembuat kebijakan, pemangku kepentingan industri untuk bersama-sama mengatasi masalah saat ini dan menempatkan faktor-faktor yang diperlukan untuk merangsang dan mempercepat pertumbuhan EV di Indonesia.” </p><p>Roland Berger sendiri menyebut bahwa sejak tahun 2020, sebagian besar produsen mobil listri telah meningkatkan penetrasi penjualan EV mereka. Di sisi lain, kebijakan pemerintah di berbagai negara--termasuk Indonesia--saat ini sudah mengarah ke arah yang benar untuk menyesuaikan pada perkembangan dunia otomitif ini.</p><p>Hambatan-hambatan seperti disampaikan di atas perlu terus dicarikan jalan keluar. Untuk mendukung dan mempertahankan adopsi EV yang cepat, infrastruktur pengisian (baik melalui <em>plug</em> atau <em>swapping</em>) harus dikembangkan dan didukung oleh investasi swasta dan publik.</p><p>Pembangunan infrastruktur pengisian EV diharapkan akan disubsidi secara besar-besaran (sebagian atau seluruhnya) oleh pemerintah di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besar negara telah menetapkan target ambisius dalam hal jumlah pengisi daya yang mereka rencanakan untuk dipasang pada tahun 2030.</p><p>Di negara-negara maju seperti Prancis, Jerman, dan lainnya, mereka mengumumkan alokasi anggaran terpisah untuk membebankan pembangunan stasiun pengisian EV ini. Sementara itu, AS telah berkomitmen untuk membangun lebih dari setengah juta pengisian daya EV pada tahun 2030.</p><p>Singkatnya, dengan permintaan yang kuat dan adopsi EV yang cepat menciptakan subsidi yang disponsori negara dan investasi komersial yang cukup besar, pengisian EV benar-benar siap untuk menjadi di mana-mana di seluruh dunia dalam dekade berikutnya.</p><p><strong>Sumber:</strong></p><p>“So Close Yet so Far. The Bumpy Road to Autonomous Driving.” Roland Berger GmbH, Oct. 2021.</p><p>“Harga Dan Infrastruktur Jadi Tantangan Mobil Listrik Indonesia.” <em>GAIKINDO</em>, https://www.gaikindo.or.id/gaikindo-harga-dan-infrastruktur-jadi-tantangan-mobil-listrik-indonesia/.</p><p>Maulana, Aditya. “Bermitra Dengan Gogoro, Gojek Percepat Penggunaan Sepeda Motor Listrik Di Indonesia Halaman All.” <em>KOMPAS.com</em>, Kompas.com, 2 Nov. 2021, https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2021/11/02/180100215/bermitra-dengan-gogoro-gojek-percepat-penggunaan-sepeda-motor-listrik-di?page=all.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223/https://bit.ly/IndeksOptimisme2021" target="_blank"> <img class="img-fluid" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005223im_/https://cdn-u1-gnfi.imgix.net/a/unduh-indeks-optimisme-20211628759355.jpg?w=970&h=150&fit=crop&crop=entropy&lossless=true&auto=compress%2Cformat" alt="Unduh Indeks Optimisme 2021"> </a> </div> <div class="article-tag 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