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Academy Archives | American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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data-imgbg-mobile2x="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_small_2x/public/media/images/AAAS_archives_cover_0.jpg.webp?itok=C5fcFm4C" data-imgbg-narrow="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_narrow_1x/public/media/images/AAAS_archives_cover_0.jpg.webp?itok=FRdZQC9b" data-imgbg-narrow2x="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_narrow_2x/public/media/images/AAAS_archives_cover_0.jpg.webp?itok=OqpnEXeD" data-imgbg-wide="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_wide_1x/public/media/images/AAAS_archives_cover_0.jpg.webp?itok=ithBVp9g" data-imgbg-wide2x="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_wide_2x/public/media/images/AAAS_archives_cover_0.jpg.webp?itok=4Bk-hmlL"> <div class="page-node__header-content"> <div class="page-node__title-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-12 medium-8 small-centered text-center"> <h1 class="page-node__title"><span class="page__title page__title--full">Archives of the American Academy</span> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-node__subtitle-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-12 medium-8 small-centered text-center"> <div class="page__subtitle page__subtitle--full field field-node--field-subtitle field-name-field-subtitle field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><p>“As a living, breathing part of the Academy, the Archives will record whether and how the Academy lives up to its noble aspirations.”<br>Don M. Randel, Chair <em>Emeritus</em> of the Board of the American Academy, in <em>Advancing Knowledge: Selections from the Archives of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences</em> (2015)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="show-for-large page-node__menu-large"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-12 small-centered text-center"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-2-menu" id="block-mainnavigation-2" data-block-plugin-id="menu_block:main" class="block-mainnavigation-2"> <h2 class="block-title visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-2-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul data-region="hidden" class="menu" data-dropdown-menu> <li> <a href="/archives/browse" data-drupal-link-system-path="archives/browse">Browse Finding Aids</a> </li> <li> <a href="/archives/galleries" data-drupal-link-system-path="archives/galleries">Selected Galleries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/archives/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/27578">About the Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/35317">History of the Academy</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hide-for-large page-node__menu-mobile"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-page-mobile-secondary-menu" id="block-page-mobile-secondary" data-block-plugin-id="menu_block:main" class="block-page-mobile-secondary"> <h2 class="block-title visually-hidden" id="block-page-mobile-secondary-menu">Page - mobile secondary menu</h2> <ul data-region="hidden" class="menu menu vertical menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--our-work"> <a href="/our-work" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Our Work</a> <ul class="menu menu-level-2"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--explore-by-topic"> <a href="" class="nolink">Explore by Topic</a> <ul class="menu menu-level-3"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--arts--humanities"> <a href="/topic/arts-humanities" 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Explore our finding aids, highlighted materials, and online galleries below.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="gallery__gallery gallery__gallery--default field field-paragraph--field-gallery field-name-field-gallery field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <article id="node-30523" class="gallery-teaser"> <div class="gallery-teaser__slideshow row column"> <div class="gallery__gallery-items gallery__gallery-items--teaser field field-node--field-gallery-items field-name-field-gallery-items field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/VIII.000001.jpg.webp?itok=wjvo9oSK 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/VIII.000001.jpg.webp?itok=GraKfmcB 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="335" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/VIII.000001.jpg.webp?itok=wjvo9oSK 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/VIII.000001.jpg.webp?itok=GraKfmcB 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="335" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="335" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/VIII.000001.jpg.webp?itok=wjvo9oSK" alt="Book of Nominations, 1810-1817" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/15_Pickering-to-Savage-1824.jpg.webp?itok=IkofWlGS 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/15_Pickering-to-Savage-1824.jpg.webp?itok=mIWbm6wz 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/15_Pickering-to-Savage-1824.jpg.webp?itok=IkofWlGS 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/15_Pickering-to-Savage-1824.jpg.webp?itok=mIWbm6wz 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="252" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/15_Pickering-to-Savage-1824.jpg.webp?itok=IkofWlGS" alt="Letter of notification of election, John Pickering to James Savage, 23 February 1824" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Acceptance_Washington_1781-.jpg.webp?itok=a8tqmWIr 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Acceptance_Washington_1781-.jpg.webp?itok=LPYLHoFH 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="254" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Acceptance_Washington_1781-.jpg.webp?itok=a8tqmWIr 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Acceptance_Washington_1781-.jpg.webp?itok=LPYLHoFH 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="254" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="254" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Acceptance_Washington_1781-.jpg.webp?itok=a8tqmWIr" alt="Acceptance letter from George Washington, 1781" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Membership-certificate.jpg.webp?itok=Z9C86GJ_ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Membership-certificate.jpg.webp?itok=CbSHX0oF 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="609" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Membership-certificate.jpg.webp?itok=Z9C86GJ_ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Membership-certificate.jpg.webp?itok=CbSHX0oF 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="609" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="609" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Membership-certificate.jpg.webp?itok=Z9C86GJ_" alt="Academy Membership Certificate, signed by John Adams" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/VIII.000006.jpg.webp?itok=xple1DO2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/VIII.000006.jpg.webp?itok=p-R-hUyC 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="293" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/VIII.000006.jpg.webp?itok=xple1DO2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/VIII.000006.jpg.webp?itok=p-R-hUyC 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="293" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="293" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/VIII.000006.jpg.webp?itok=xple1DO2" alt="Certificate for FHMS, ca. 1870" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__controls row column text-center inline"> <a class="gallery-teaser__prev gallery-control__prev">Previous</a> <a class="gallery-teaser__next gallery-control__next">Next</a> </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__content row column"> <div class="gallery-teaser__header-date row column inline"> Gallery <span class="pipe">|</span> <div class="gallery__date-range gallery__date-range--teaser field field-node--field-date-range field-name-field-date-range field-type-string field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">1780-1880</div> </div> </div> <span class="pipe">|</span> 5 items </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__title-wrapper"> <a class="gallery-teaser__title" href="/archives/gallery/early-nominations-and-elections" rel="bookmark">Early Nominations and Elections</a> </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__summary-wrapper"> <div class="text-teaser gallery__summary gallery__summary--teaser field field-node--field-summary field-name-field-summary field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><p><span><span>The process for the Academy</span></span>’<span><span>s nominations and elections were set forth in the 1780 Charter of Incorporation, which founded the Academy. There, it details that a candidate for membership had to be proposed by at least one Member, approved by majority vote of the Council, and then elected by vote of ¾ of Members present at the time of the balloting. This procedure has changed much over the years, but what continues today is a similar peer-elected process recognizing elected Members' contributions to the Arts and Sciences in all fields. </span></span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--recent-archive-articles field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--recent-archive-articles paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-recent-archive-articles view-id-recent_archive_articles view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-0adc5edf57e0c35ab2232301b013e2c08d86575712e48cff59d655c7bb4a399c"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="view-content-inner"> <div class="views-row"><article class="article-teaser clearfix"> <div class="article-teaser__content"> <div class="inline article-teaser__date"> Archives Highlight </div> <h3 class="node-title article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/phaenomenon-called-aurora-borealis" rel="bookmark"><span class='field-wrapper article__title article__title--teaser'>"That Phaenomenon Called the Aurora Borealis"</span></a> </h3> <div class="article-teaser__body"> <div class="article__teaser article__teaser--teaser field field-node--field-teaser-plain field-name-field-teaser-plain field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Transcriptions of Observations on the Aurora Borealis from the Academy Archives</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="article-teaser clearfix"> <div class="article-teaser__image"> <a href="/news/pubexchange-florabatava"><div class="image article__image article__image--teaser field field-node--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser-image media--image--teaser-image"> <div class="image__image image__image--teaser-image field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_image_2x/public/img_7025_1.jpg.webp?itok=GmeC9X5m 2x" width="290" height="200" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_image_1x/public/img_7025_1.jpg.webp?itok=KMyccSGK" alt="Close up of cover of the Flora Batava" /> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__content"> <div class="inline article-teaser__date"> Archives Highlight </div> <h3 class="node-title article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/pubexchange-florabatava" rel="bookmark"><span class='field-wrapper article__title article__title--teaser'>Publication Exchanges and the Flora Batava</span></a> </h3> <div class="article-teaser__body"> <div class="article__teaser article__teaser--teaser field field-node--field-teaser-plain field-name-field-teaser-plain field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">A robust system of publication exchanges existed among societies in the 18th and 19th centuries. From this the Academy retains a selection of publications, such as an illustrated volume of the "Flora Batava".</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="article-teaser clearfix"> <div class="article-teaser__image"> <a href="/news/bills-of-mortality"><div class="image article__image article__image--teaser field field-node--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser-image media--image--teaser-image"> <div class="image__image image__image--teaser-image field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_image_2x/public/Morse_Bill-of-Mortality_1797.jpg.webp?itok=I2CV64uo 2x" width="290" height="200" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_image_1x/public/Morse_Bill-of-Mortality_1797.jpg.webp?itok=ac6GRcEc" alt="Detail of Bill of Mortality gathered by Jedidiah Morse, 1797" /> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__content"> <div class="inline article-teaser__date"> Archives Highlight </div> <h3 class="node-title article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/bills-of-mortality" rel="bookmark"><span class='field-wrapper article__title article__title--teaser'>The Academy’s Early Efforts in Collecting “Bills of Mortality”</span></a> </h3> <div class="article-teaser__body"> <div class="article__teaser article__teaser--teaser field field-node--field-teaser-plain field-name-field-teaser-plain field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">From its founding, the American Academy was engaged in one of the earliest efforts to collect and analyze medical data as it pertained mainly to births and deaths, as a means of promoting public health.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row recent_archives_articles--more"> <div class="column medium-10 medium-centered"> <a class="next-link-bluelink" href="/archives/updates">See all past updates</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="gallery__gallery gallery__gallery--default field field-paragraph--field-gallery field-name-field-gallery field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <article id="node-33457" class="gallery-teaser"> <div class="gallery-teaser__slideshow row column"> <div class="gallery__gallery-items gallery__gallery-items--teaser field field-node--field-gallery-items field-name-field-gallery-items field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_101_0.jpg.webp?itok=6P8qJJnE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_101_0.jpg.webp?itok=Q_-9XO2X 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="417" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_101_0.jpg.webp?itok=6P8qJJnE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_101_0.jpg.webp?itok=Q_-9XO2X 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="417" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="417" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_101_0.jpg.webp?itok=6P8qJJnE" alt="Illustration of American Shad" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_028.jpg.webp?itok=lRpnOLdd 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_028.jpg.webp?itok=GujJT-OU 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="287" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_028.jpg.webp?itok=lRpnOLdd 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_028.jpg.webp?itok=GujJT-OU 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="287" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="287" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_028.jpg.webp?itok=lRpnOLdd" alt="Illustration of Atlantic Torpedo" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_016.jpg.webp?itok=yWTBrpAP 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_016.jpg.webp?itok=YCZkr6nd 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="544" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_016.jpg.webp?itok=yWTBrpAP 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_016.jpg.webp?itok=YCZkr6nd 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="544" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="544" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_016.jpg.webp?itok=yWTBrpAP" alt="Illustration of Sea Lamprey" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_057.jpg.webp?itok=BgDI30NI 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_057.jpg.webp?itok=Zc1d24vU 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="718" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_057.jpg.webp?itok=BgDI30NI 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_057.jpg.webp?itok=Zc1d24vU 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="718" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="718" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_057.jpg.webp?itok=BgDI30NI" alt="Illustration of Lumpfish" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--gallery-item field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--gallery-item paragraph--view-mode--teaser"> <div class="image gallery-item__image gallery-item__image--teaser field field-paragraph--field-image field-name-field-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-gallery-teaser media--image--gallery-teaser"> <div class="image__image image__image--gallery-teaser field field-media--image field-name-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_134.jpg.webp?itok=0ONxk1XG 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_134.jpg.webp?itok=BgMXiQW5 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="736" height="400"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_134.jpg.webp?itok=0ONxk1XG 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_2x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_134.jpg.webp?itok=BgMXiQW5 2x" media="all and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1023px)" type="image/webp" width="736" height="400"/> <img loading="eager" width="736" height="400" src="/sites/default/files/styles/gallery_teaser_1x/public/media/images/Storer_Fishes_Plates_134.jpg.webp?itok=0ONxk1XG" alt="Illustration of American Angler" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__controls row column text-center inline"> <a class="gallery-teaser__prev gallery-control__prev">Previous</a> <a class="gallery-teaser__next gallery-control__next">Next</a> </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__content row column"> <div class="gallery-teaser__header-date row column inline"> Gallery <span class="pipe">|</span> <div class="gallery__date-range gallery__date-range--teaser field field-node--field-date-range field-name-field-date-range field-type-string field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">1853-1867</div> </div> </div> <span class="pipe">|</span> 5 items </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__title-wrapper"> <a class="gallery-teaser__title" href="/archives/gallery/illustrations-history-fishes-massachusetts" rel="bookmark">Illustrations from “A History of the Fishes of Massachusetts”</a> </div> <div class="gallery-teaser__summary-wrapper"> <div class="text-teaser gallery__summary gallery__summary--teaser field field-node--field-summary field-name-field-summary field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><p>Between 1853 and 1867 the Academy published Member and naturalist David Humphreys Storer’s “A History of the Fishes of Massachusetts” in <em><a href="https://www.jstor.org/journal/mameracadartssci">Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>. </em>Later published in a book of the same title in 1867, it was called by Academy Member and entomologist Samuel H. Scudder a “land-mark in the ichthyological literature of the country.” Storer’s descriptions included in total 39 plates of figures prepared for engraving, drawn by various draughtsmen including Antoine Sonrel, A.C. Warren, and William Henry Tappan. In pencil and ink, handwritten notes include captions for the images and instructions, such as: “To the engraver – It will be necessary to stipple this fish as it is covered with fine, sharp scales too small to be outlined.”</p> <p>The taxonomy, or identification and subsequent name of the fish by Genus and Species, used in labeling the illustrations at the time have been commonly superseded. The taxonomy was often disputed by prior claims of discovery or by more accepted categorization and identification of the fish themselves. </p> <p>View the full Finding Aid for this collection <a href="https://www.amacad.org/rg-xviii-1-publications-memoirs-history-fishes-massachusetts-illustrations">here</a>, featuring links to scanned images of the individual illustrations.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item__paragraph--background-image-promo field-item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--background-image-promo paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph-background-image-promo-content-wrapper paragraph-background-image-promo-content-wrapper__background-image bg-img" data-imgbg data-imgbg-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_small_1x/public/background%20bottom.jpg.webp?itok=XyNJuULm" data-imgbg-mobile2x="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_small_2x/public/background%20bottom.jpg.webp?itok=H8W-uZ3b" data-imgbg-narrow="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_narrow_1x/public/background%20bottom.jpg.webp?itok=9RkSS_5q" data-imgbg-narrow2x="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_narrow_2x/public/background%20bottom.jpg.webp?itok=GbJjsY1s" data-imgbg-wide="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_wide_1x/public/background%20bottom.jpg.webp?itok=_4sAaB3j" data-imgbg-wide2x="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_banner_wide_2x/public/background%20bottom.jpg.webp?itok=bpfOdSlo"> <div class="row columns text-center paragraph-background-image-promo-content-wrapper__text"> <div class="background-image-promo__body background-image-promo__body--default field field-paragraph--field-body-plain field-name-field-body-plain field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Explore the records from three 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