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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygi%C3%A9nisme_(Shelton)" title="Hygiénisme (Shelton) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hygiénisme (Shelton)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="प्राकृतिक स्वास्थ्य विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राकृतिक स्वास्थ्य विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline-body-aura.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/60px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/90px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/120px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">General information</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" title="History of alternative medicine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_alternative_medicine" title="Terminology of alternative medicine">Terminology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_veterinary_medicine" title="Alternative veterinary medicine">Alternative veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a> (health fraud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine#19th_century:_rise_of_modern_medicine" title="History of medicine">Rise of modern medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_nihilism" title="Therapeutic nihilism">Therapeutic nihilism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Fringe medicine and science</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupressure" title="Acupressure">Acupressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Research_and_Enlightenment" title="Association for Research and Enlightenment">Association for Research and Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriculotherapy" title="Auriculotherapy">Auriculotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_terrain_assessment" title="Biological terrain assessment">Biological terrain assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_salve" title="Black salve">Black salve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)" title="Bodywork (alternative medicine)">Bodywork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_bone-setting" title="Traditional bone-setting">Bone-setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_technique" title="Bowen technique">Bowen technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathwork_(New_Age)" title="Breathwork (New Age)">Breathwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake COVID-19 treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_urine" title="Camel urine">Camel urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Alternative cancer treatments">Cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal_cleanse" title="Activated charcoal cleanse">Charcoal cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic_treatment_techniques" title="Chiropractic treatment techniques">Chiropractic treatment techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_enema" title="Coffee enema">Coffee enema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpuncture" title="Colorpuncture">Colorpuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniosacral_therapy" title="Craniosacral therapy">Craniosacral therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_amalgam_controversy" title="Dental amalgam controversy">Dental amalgam controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_foot_baths" title="Detoxification foot baths">Foot detox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_needling" title="Dry needling">Dry needling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">Esoteric energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_touch" title="Therapeutic touch">Therapeutic touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_dominance" title="Estrogen dominance">Estrogen dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabunan_Antiviral_Injection" title="Fabunan Antiviral Injection">Fabunan Antiviral Injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldenkrais_Method" title="Feldenkrais Method">Feldenkrais Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_medicine" title="Functional medicine">Functional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_analysis_(alternative_medicine)" title="Hair analysis (alternative medicine)">Hair analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_dentistry" title="Holistic dentistry">Holistic dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologram_bracelet" title="Hologram bracelet">Hologram bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">Hydrotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnotherapy" title="Hypnotherapy">Hypnotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionized_jewelry" title="Ionized jewelry">Ionized jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lightning_Process" title="The Lightning Process">Lightning Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotherapy" title="Lymphotherapy">Lymphotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_therapy" title="Manual therapy">Manual therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_lymphatic_drainage" title="Manual lymphatic drainage">Manual lymphatic drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_intuitive" title="Medical intuitive">Medical intuitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megavitamin_therapy" title="Megavitamin therapy">Megavitamin therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Mesmerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Mind–body interventions">Mind–body interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myofascial_release" title="Myofascial release">Myofascial release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambudripad%27s_Allergy_Elimination_Techniques" title="Nambudripad's Allergy Elimination Techniques">NAET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pulling" title="Oil pulling">Oil pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine" title="Orthomolecular medicine">Orthomolecular medicine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomyology" title="Osteomyology">Osteomyology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopathy" title="Osteopathy">Osteopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">Ozone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_Integration" title="Postural Integration">Postural Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">Psychic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychodermatology" title="Psychodermatology">Psychodermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_healing" title="Quantum healing">Quantum healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexology" title="Reflexology">Reflexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichian_body-oriented_psychotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichian body-oriented psychotherapy">RBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfing" title="Rolfing">Rolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThetaHealing" title="ThetaHealing">ThetaHealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomsonianism" title="Thomsonianism">Thomsonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_Field_Therapy" title="Thought Field Therapy">Thought Field Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urophagia" title="Urophagia">Urophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_steaming" title="Vaginal steaming">Vaginal steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetotherapy" title="Vegetotherapy">Vegetotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_therapy" title="Vision therapy">Vision therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_balancing" title="Zero balancing">Zero balancing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Controversies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">OPV AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccinationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">Vaccine misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Vaccines and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR vaccine and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">in chiropractic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_cancer" title="Turbo cancer">Turbo cancer</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification" title="Alternative medicine">Classifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medical_systems" title="Category:Alternative medical systems">Alternative medical systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Category:Mind–body interventions">Mind–body intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biologically_based_therapies" title="Category:Biologically based therapies">Biologically based therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manual_therapy" title="Category:Manual therapy">Manipulative methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_therapies" title="Category:Energy therapies">Energy therapy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" title="Traditional African medicine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muti" title="Muti">Muti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_Southern_Africa" title="Traditional healers of Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dosha" title="Dosha">Dosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Vedic_Approach_to_Health" title="Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health">MVAH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balneotherapy" title="Balneotherapy">Balneotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" title="Brazilian traditional medicine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Cambodian_medicine" title="Traditional Cambodian medicine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_stasis" title="Blood stasis">Blood stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dit_da" title="Dit da">Dit da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_sha" title="Gua sha">Gua sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_plate_trade" title="Gill plate trade">Gill plate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gu" title="Long gu">Long gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(Chinese_medicine)" title="Meridian (Chinese medicine)">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_point" title="Pressure point">Pressure point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jiao" title="San Jiao">San Jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_na" title="Tui na">Tui na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang-fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zang-fu">Zang-fu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_traditional_medicine" title="Chumash traditional medicine">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curandero" title="Curandero">Curandero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilot" title="Hilot">Hilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_traditional_medicine" title="Iranian traditional medicine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu">Jamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayakalpa" title="Kayakalpa">Kayakalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo_cleanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambo cleanse">Kambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mien_Shiang" title="Mien Shiang">Mien Shiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_medicine" title="Traditional Mongolian medicine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftalan_oil" title="Naftalan oil">Naftalan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_medicine" title="Prophetic medicine">Prophetic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiatsu" title="Shiatsu">Shiatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_medicine" title="Siddha medicine">Siddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_massage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai massage">Thai massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unani_medicine" title="Unani medicine">Unani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Alternative diagnoses</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerotoxic_syndrome" title="Aerotoxic syndrome">Aerotoxic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candida_hypersensitivity" title="Candida hypersensitivity">Candida hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_Lyme_disease" title="Chronic Lyme disease">Chronic Lyme disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_legs" title="Heavy legs">Heavy legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_chemical_sensitivity" title="Multiple chemical sensitivity">Multiple chemical sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_temperature_syndrome" title="Wilson's temperature syndrome">Wilson's temperature syndrome</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template talk:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Orthopathy</b> (from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> ὀρθός <i>orthos</i> 'right' and πάθος <i>pathos</i> 'suffering') or <b>natural hygiene</b> (<b>NH</b>) is a set of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medical</a> beliefs and practices originating from the <i>Nature Cure</i> movement. Proponents claim that <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a>, dieting, and other lifestyle measures are all that is necessary to prevent and treat disease.<sup id="cite_ref-QW-NH_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QW-NH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Natural hygiene is an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">naturopathy</a> that advocates a philosophy of 'natural living' that was developed in the early nineteenth century. Natural hygienists oppose drugs, <a href="/wiki/Fluoridation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoridation">fluoridation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immunization" title="Immunization">immunization</a>, most medical treatments and endorse fasting, <a href="/wiki/Food_combining" title="Food combining">food combining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">raw food</a> or vegetarian diets.<sup id="cite_ref-QW-NH_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QW-NH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_practice">History and practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The orthopathy movement originated with <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jennings" title="Isaac Jennings">Isaac Jennings</a> in the 1820s, who practiced conventional medicine for many years but became discouraged with its results.<sup id="cite_ref-orcutt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orcutt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lelieveld_2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lelieveld_2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jennings' system was firmly opposed to all medicine and was known as the 'no-medicine plan'.<sup id="cite_ref-Lelieveld_2005_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lelieveld_2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whorton_2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whorton_2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He prescribed bathing, rest and a vegetarian diet as part of his system.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1837, Colonel John Benson, <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Graham" title="Sylvester Graham">Sylvester Graham</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Alcott" title="William Alcott">William Alcott</a> founded the American Physiological Society (APS) in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> to promote Grahamism, which lasted just three years.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iacobbo_2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iacobbo_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APS was the first natural hygiene organization in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Iacobbo_2004_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iacobbo_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Gove_Nichols" title="Mary Gove Nichols">Mary Gove Nichols</a> lectured for the Ladies Physiological Society, an off-shoot of the APS.<sup id="cite_ref-Iacobbo_2004_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iacobbo_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1840s, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Shew" title="Joel Shew">Joel Shew</a> was influenced by the dieting ideas of Sylvester Graham and promoted natural hygiene practices such as bathing, exercise and massage as well as the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Engs_2000_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engs_2000-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isaac Jennings in his 1867 book <i>The Tree of Life</i>, defined orthopathy as 'from orthos, right, true, erect; and pathos, affection. Nature is always upright—moving in the right direction'.<sup id="cite_ref-Whorton_2016_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whorton_2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Taylor_(physician)" title="George H. Taylor (physician)">George H. Taylor</a> who introduced <a href="/wiki/Swedish_massage" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish massage">Swedish massage</a> to the United States in the 1860s was known to promote natural hygiene and <a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">physical culture</a>. Taylor believed that correct breathing and diet, <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a> and mechanical massage could replace medical intervention and restore health.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Natural hygiene was often associated with <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a> during the nineteenth century. However, not all natural hygienists are vegetarians.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russell_T._Trall" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell T. Trall">Russell T. Trall</a> was a notable early proponent of natural hygiene and vegetarianism. Trall established his own version called 'hygeiotherapy', a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">hydrotherapy</a> with diet and exercise treatment regimes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1887, <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Way_Dodds" title="Susanna Way Dodds">Susanna Way Dodds</a> and her sister Mary established the Hygienic College of Physicians and Surgeons in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They focused on 'natural methods of treatment: diet, exercise, massage, electricity and hydrotherapy in all of its manifold applications'.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_2008_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1880s, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allinson" title="Thomas Allinson">Thomas Allinson</a> developed his theory of medicine, which he called 'Hygienic Medicine'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Natural hygienist <a href="/wiki/George_S._Weger" title="George S. Weger">George S. Weger</a> managed Weger Health School in <a href="/wiki/Redlands,_California" title="Redlands, California">Redlands, California</a> (1923–1935).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herbert_M._Shelton" title="Herbert M. Shelton">Herbert M. Shelton</a> who has been described as 'the twentieth century's premier natural hygienist', was influenced by Sylvester Graham and Russell T. Trall.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shelton wrote much on the topic, beginning with <i>The Hygienic System: Orthopathy</i><sup id="cite_ref-SheltonVI_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SheltonVI-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1939, which renamed orthopathy as 'Natural Hygiene'. </p><p>Consumption of 'incompatible' foods in one meal is said to lead to ill health, and consumption of 'compatible' foods is said to maintain it: Shelton defined <a href="/wiki/Food_combining" title="Food combining">food combining</a> and seven groups of food, sorted by function as: supplying energy (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) needed to build the body (proteins, salts, and water) and regulating bodily processes (minerals, vitamins, and water).<sup id="cite_ref-QW-NH_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QW-NH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White supremacist <a href="/wiki/Ben_Klassen" title="Ben Klassen">Ben Klassen</a> was influenced by Shelton and natural hygienic principles and promoted his own 'racial health' regimen known as Salubrious Living.<sup id="cite_ref-Love_2016_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Love_2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berry_2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berry_2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Klassen emphasised there were differences between his doctrine and the natural hygiene movement as the latter did not focus on perpetuating the white race like his regimen did.<sup id="cite_ref-Berry_2017_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berry_2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klassen co-authored the book <i>Salubrious Living</i> with <a href="/wiki/Arnold_DeVries" title="Arnold DeVries">Arnold DeVries</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Love_2016_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Love_2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interest in natural hygiene was renewed in the 1980s following publication of <i><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a></i> and <i>Living Health</i> by Harvey and <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Diamond" title="Marilyn Diamond">Marilyn Diamond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QW-NH_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QW-NH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948, the American Natural Hygiene Society (ANHS) was founded by Herbert Shelton, William Esser, Gerald Benesh, Christopher Gian-Cursio, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Mercer_Gehman" title="Jesse Mercer Gehman">Jesse Mercer Gehman</a>, Irving Davidson, Jack Dunn Trop and <a href="/wiki/Symon_Gould" title="Symon Gould">Symon Gould</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, the ANHS became the National Health Association.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, Keki Sidhwa established the British Natural Hygiene Society (BNHS).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Association of Hygienic Physicians was founded in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-QW-NH_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QW-NH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medical experts consider natural hygiene practices such as <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccination" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-vaccination">anti-vaccination</a>, fasting and food combining to be <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QW-NH_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QW-NH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pepper_1984_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pepper_1984-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no scientific evidence that prolonged fasting provides any significant health benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-Pepper_1984_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pepper_1984-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barrett_1993_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett_1993-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A prolonged fast may cause "anemia, impairment of liver function, kidney stones, postural hypotension, mineral imbalances, and other undesirable side effects".<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett_1993_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett_1993-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Claims from natural hygienists about fasting curing <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> are not supported by scientific evidence. According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a>, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that fasting is effective for preventing or treating cancer in humans".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founders">Founders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Founders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Jennings.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Isaac Jennings"><img alt="Isaac Jennings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Isaac_Jennings.png/213px-Isaac_Jennings.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Isaac_Jennings.png/320px-Isaac_Jennings.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Isaac_Jennings.png/426px-Isaac_Jennings.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jennings" title="Isaac Jennings">Isaac Jennings</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sylvester_Graham_LCCN99406591.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sylvester Graham"><img alt="Sylvester Graham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sylvester_Graham_LCCN99406591.jpg/180px-Sylvester_Graham_LCCN99406591.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sylvester_Graham_LCCN99406591.jpg/270px-Sylvester_Graham_LCCN99406591.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sylvester_Graham_LCCN99406591.jpg/360px-Sylvester_Graham_LCCN99406591.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="4800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Graham" title="Sylvester Graham">Sylvester Graham</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joel_Shew.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Joel Shew"><img alt="Joel Shew" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Joel_Shew.png/173px-Joel_Shew.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Joel_Shew.png/260px-Joel_Shew.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Joel_Shew.png/346px-Joel_Shew.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Shew" title="Joel Shew">Joel Shew</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_H._Taylor_physician.png" class="mw-file-description" title="George H. Taylor"><img alt="George H. Taylor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/George_H._Taylor_physician.png/169px-George_H._Taylor_physician.png" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/George_H._Taylor_physician.png/254px-George_H._Taylor_physician.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/George_H._Taylor_physician.png 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="409" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Taylor_(physician)" title="George H. Taylor (physician)">George H. Taylor</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Gove_Nichols.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mary Gove Nichols"><img alt="Mary Gove Nichols" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mary_Gove_Nichols.png/180px-Mary_Gove_Nichols.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mary_Gove_Nichols.png/270px-Mary_Gove_Nichols.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mary_Gove_Nichols.png/360px-Mary_Gove_Nichols.png 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Gove_Nichols" title="Mary Gove Nichols">Mary Gove Nichols</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susanna_Way_Dodds_1893.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Susanna Way Dodds"><img alt="Susanna Way Dodds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Susanna_Way_Dodds_1893.png/158px-Susanna_Way_Dodds_1893.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Susanna_Way_Dodds_1893.png/238px-Susanna_Way_Dodds_1893.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Susanna_Way_Dodds_1893.png/316px-Susanna_Way_Dodds_1893.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Way_Dodds" title="Susanna Way Dodds">Susanna Way Dodds</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_S._Weger_1903.png" class="mw-file-description" title="George S. Weger"><img alt="George S. Weger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/George_S._Weger_1903.png/159px-George_S._Weger_1903.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/George_S._Weger_1903.png/239px-George_S._Weger_1903.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/George_S._Weger_1903.png/318px-George_S._Weger_1903.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/George_S._Weger" title="George S. Weger">George S. Weger</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orthopaths" class="mw-redirect" title="List of orthopaths">List of orthopaths</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthopathy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-QW-NH-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QW-NH_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QW-NH_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QW-NH_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QW-NH_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QW-NH_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QW-NH_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2007" class="citation web cs1">Barrett, Stephen (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/natural_hygiene.html">"A Critical Look at 'Natural Hygiene'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Look+at+%27Natural+Hygiene%27&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quackwatch.org%2F01QuackeryRelatedTopics%2Fnatural_hygiene.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrthopathy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, Stephen; Herbert, Victor (2002) <i>Questionable Practices in Foods and Nutrition: Definitions and Descriptions</i>. In Carolyn D. Berdanier. <i>Handbook of Nutrition and Food</i>. CRC Press. p. 1493. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-2705-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-2705-9">0-8493-2705-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orcutt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orcutt_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orcutt, Samuel; Beardsley, Ambrose (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofoldtown00orcu/page/600"><i>The History of the Old Town of Derby, Connecticut, 1642–1880. With Biographies and Genealogies</i></a>. Press of Springfield Printing Company. pp. 601–603</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lelieveld_2005-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lelieveld_2005_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lelieveld_2005_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lelieveld, H. L. M; Holah, John; Mostert, M. A. (2005). <i>Handbook of Hygiene Control in the Food Industry</i>. Woodhead Publishing Limited. pp. 3–4. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-957-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-957-4">978-1-85573-957-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whorton_2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whorton_2016_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whorton_2016_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whorton, James C. (2016 edition). <i>Crusaders for Fitness: The History of American Health Reformers</i>. Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691641898" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691641898">978-0691641898</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fletcher, Robert Samuel (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofoberlin01flet/page/332"><i>A History of Oberlin College From its Foundation Through the Civil War</i></a>. Oberlin College. p. 332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). <i>Vegetarian America: A History</i>. Praeger Publishing. pp. 28–29. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275975197" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275975197">978-0275975197</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMJ-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMJ_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"An American 'Physiological' Society Of 1837". <i>The British Medical Journal</i>. <b>2</b> (4057): 757. 1 January 1938. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20300989">20300989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=An+American+%27Physiological%27+Society+Of+1837&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4057&rft.pages=757&rft.date=1938-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20300989%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrthopathy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iacobbo_2004-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iacobbo_2004_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iacobbo_2004_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iacobbo_2004_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). <i>Vegetarian America: A History</i>. Praeger Publishing. pp. 36–38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275975197" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275975197">978-0275975197</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engs_2000-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Engs_2000_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engs, Ruth Clifford (2000). <i>Clean Living Movements: American Cycles of Health Reform</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 96. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97541-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97541-X">0-275-97541-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weber, Jody Marie (2009). <i>The Evolution of Aesthetic and Expressive Dance in Boston</i>. Cambria Press. p. 43. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60497-621-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60497-621-2">978-1-60497-621-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Braun, Mary Beth (2014). <i>Introduction to Massage Therapy</i>, Third Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-7319-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-7319-2">978-1-4511-7319-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). <i>Vegetarian America: A History</i>. Praeger Publishing. p. 104. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275975197" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275975197">978-0275975197</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baer, Hans A. (2001). <i>Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America: Issues of Class, Race, Ethnicity and Gender</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 86. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-16694-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-16694-5">0-299-16694-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). <i>Vegetarian America: A History</i>. 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University Of Missouri Press. pp. 19–20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1791-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1791-2">978-0-8262-1791-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anonymous (1936). <i>Bulletin of the University of Maryland School of Medicine 1935–1936</i>. University of Maryland School of Medicine. p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). <i>Vegetarian America: A History</i>. Praeger Publishing. p. 160. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275975197" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275975197">978-0275975197</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SheltonVI-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SheltonVI_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert M Shelton, 'The Hygienic System' vol. VI: <i>Orthopathy</i>, Dr. Shelton's Health School: San Antonio, Texas, 1941</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Love_2016-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Love_2016_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Love_2016_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Nancy S. (2016). <i>Trendy Fascism: White Power Music and the Future of Democracy</i>. State University of New York Press. pp. 112–114. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1438462035" title="Special:BookSources/978-1438462035">978-1438462035</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berry_2017-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berry_2017_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berry_2017_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry, Damon T. (2017). <i>Blood and Faith: Christianity in American White Nationalism</i>. Syracuse University Press. pp. 92–93. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3544-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3544-4">978-0-8156-3544-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthscience.org/heritage/anhsnha-history/timeline">'National Health Association Timeline'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427025704/https://www.healthscience.org/heritage/anhsnha-history/timeline">Archived</a> 27 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthscience.org/heritage">'History of the National Health Association'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427025653/https://www.healthscience.org/heritage">Archived</a> 27 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926061304/http://www.drsidhwa.com/bnhs/">'British Natural Hygiene Society'</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dr-keki-sidhwa-92-energetic-advocate-of-natural-cures-27qf8vlb9">'Dr Keki Sidhwa, 92: Energetic advocate of natural cures'</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. Retrieved 30 June 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pepper_1984-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pepper_1984_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pepper_1984_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pepper, Claude (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754066766001;view=1up;seq=104"><i>Quackery: A $10 Billion Dollar Scandal</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Dunning, Brian</a> (19 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4028">"Skeptoid #28: Natural Hygiene: Health Without Medicine (or Wisdom)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Skeptoid</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid&rft.atitle=Skeptoid+%2328%3A+Natural+Hygiene%3A+Health+Without+Medicine+%28or+Wisdom%29&rft.date=2007-02-19&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fepisodes%2F4028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrthopathy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kuske, Terrence T. (1983). <i>Quackery and Fad Diets</i>. In Elaine B. Feldman. <i>Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years</i>. John Wright & Sons. pp. 291–303. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7236-7046-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7236-7046-3">0-7236-7046-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett_1993-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_1993_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_1993_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). <i>The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America</i>. Prometheus Books. p. 114. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87975-855-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87975-855-4">0-87975-855-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell J, Rovere A, eds. (2009). 'Fasting'. <i>American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies</i> (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0944235713" title="Special:BookSources/978-0944235713">978-0944235713</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">Public-health issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_amalgam_controversy" title="Dental amalgam controversy">Dental amalgams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGH_controversies" title="HGH controversies">Growth hormone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">Vaccines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Complementary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_alternative_medicine" title="List of forms of alternative medicine">Glossary of alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptical movement">Skeptical movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contrary viewpoints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">Evidence-based medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery#Anti-quackery_organizations" title="Quackery">Anti-quackery organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fad_diets443" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food-specific diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_and_skimmed_milk_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Banana and skimmed milk diet">Banana and skimmed milk diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage_soup_diet" title="Cabbage soup diet">Cabbage soup diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_diet" title="Carnivore diet">Carnivore diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_eating" title="Clean eating">Clean eating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_diet" title="Cookie diet">Cookie diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_and_wine_diet" title="Egg and wine diet">Egg and wine diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_combining" title="Food combining">Food combining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Diet" title="Beverly Hills Diet">Beverly Hills Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay_diet" title="Hay diet">Hay diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluten-free_diet" title="Gluten-free diet">Gluten-free diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_therapy" title="Grape therapy">Grape diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapefruit_diet" title="Grapefruit diet">Grapefruit diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-protein_diet" title="High-protein diet">High-protein diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_chop_and_pineapple_diet" title="Lamb chop and pineapple diet">Lamb chop and pineapple diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectin-free_diet" title="Lectin-free diet">Lectin-free diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk diet">Milk diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotrophic_diet" title="Monotrophic diet">Monotrophic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_banana_diet" title="Morning banana diet">Morning banana diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucusless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucusless Diet">Mucusless Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_diet" title="Mushroom diet">Mushroom diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-Aging_Diet" title="No-Aging Diet">No-Aging Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_diet" title="Paleolithic diet">Paleolithic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegan_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegan diet">Pegan diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato diet">Potato diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">Raw foodism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw veganism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhubarb_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhubarb diet">Rhubarb diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfood" title="Superfood">Superfood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uric-acid_free_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uric-acid free diet">Uric-acid free diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole30" title="Whole30">Whole30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet" title="Low-carbohydrate diet">Low-carbohydrate</a> / high-fat diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atkins_diet" title="Atkins diet">Atkins diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banting_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Banting diet">Banting diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulletproof_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletproof diet">Bulletproof diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calories_Don%27t_Count" class="mw-redirect" title="Calories Don't Count">Calories Don't Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_Man%27s_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinking Man's Diet">Drinking Man's Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukan_Diet" title="Dukan Diet">Dukan Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eat_and_Grow_Thin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eat and Grow Thin">Eat and Grow Thin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Huggins_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hal Huggins diet">Hal Huggins diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamptons_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamptons Diet">Hamptons Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimkins" title="Kimkins">Kimkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordel_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kordel diet">Kordel diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montignac_diet" title="Montignac diet">Montignac diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Salisbury diet">Salisbury diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarsdale_diet" title="Scarsdale diet">Scarsdale diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slimming_for_the_Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Slimming for the Million">Slimming for the Million</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Beach_Diet" title="South Beach Diet">South Beach Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioppi_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioppi Diet">Pioppi Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_Power" title="Protein Power">Protein Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosedale_diet" title="Rosedale diet">Rosedale diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillman_diet" title="Stillman diet">Stillman diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Medicine_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong Medicine (book)">Strong Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Busters!" title="Sugar Busters!">Sugar Busters!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_4-Hour_Body" title="The 4-Hour Body">The 4-Hour Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cruise_Control_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cruise Control Diet">The Cruise Control Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahls_Protocol_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahls Protocol Diet">Wahls Protocol Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Belly_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat Belly diet">Wheat Belly diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_diet" title="Zone diet">Zone diet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High-carbohydrate / <a href="/wiki/Low-fat_diet" title="Low-fat diet">low-fat diets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engine_2_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Engine 2 Diet">Engine 2 Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-plan" class="mw-redirect" title="F-plan">F-plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDougall_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="McDougall diet">McDougall diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornish_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornish diet">Ornish diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritarian_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutritarian diet">Nutritarian diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritikin_diet" title="Pritikin diet">Pritikin diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_diet" title="Rice diet">Rice diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Carbohydrate_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good Carbohydrate Revolution">The Good Carbohydrate Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thrive_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Thrive Diet">The Thrive Diet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5:2_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="5:2 diet">5:2 diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal_cleanse" title="Activated charcoal cleanse">Activated charcoal cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breatharianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Breatharianism">Breatharianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuss_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Breuss diet">Breuss diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_juice_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Celery juice diet">Celery juice diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Dietary_Method" title="Chase Dietary Method">Chase Dietary Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detox_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Detox diet">Detox diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrow_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubrow Diet">Dubrow Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminating_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliminating Diet">Eliminating Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme-Catalyst_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzyme-Catalyst Diet">Enzyme-Catalyst Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_mimicking_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasting mimicking diet">Fasting mimicking diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Flush_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat Flush Plan">Fat Flush Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrates_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippocrates Diet">Hippocrates Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_fasting" title="Intermittent fasting">Intermittent fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-restricted_feeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-restricted feeding">Time-restricted feeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KE_diet" title="KE diet">KE diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Cleanse" title="Master Cleanse">Master Cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Breakfast_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="No Breakfast Plan">No Breakfast Plan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein-sparing_modified_fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-sparing modified fast">Protein-sparing modified fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fast_Way_To_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fast Way To Health">The Fast Way To Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Chance_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last Chance Diet">The Last Chance Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatgrass_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheatgrass diet">Wheatgrass diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmore_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wigmore diet">Wigmore diet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_type_diet" title="Blood type diet">Blood type diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budwig_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Budwig diet">Budwig diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_ball_diet" title="Cotton ball diet">Cotton ball diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcherism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletcherism">Fletcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallelujah Diet">Hallelujah Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_and_Thigh_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip and Thigh Diet">Hip and Thigh Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immune_Power_Diet" title="Immune Power Diet">Immune Power Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker%27s_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Maker's Diet">Maker's Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_cycling" title="Seed cycling">Seed cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensa_(diet)" title="Sensa (diet)">Sensa diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swank_diet" title="Swank diet">Swank diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_Patch_Diet" title="Tongue Patch Diet">Tongue Patch Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Diet" title="The Cambridge Diet">The Cambridge Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-low-calorie_diet" title="Very-low-calorie diet">Very-low-calorie diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf_diet" title="Werewolf diet">Werewolf diet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fad_diets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fad diets">List of fad diets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_faddists" title="List of food faddists">List of food faddists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_oil_misinformation" title="Seed oil misinformation">Seed oil misinformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fad_diets" title="Category:Fad diets">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fad_diets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fad diets">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments501" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments" title="Template:Unproven and disproven cancer treatments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments" title="Template talk:Unproven and disproven cancer treatments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unproven and disproven cancer treatments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments501" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments" class="mw-redirect" title="Unproven and disproven cancer treatments">Unproven and disproven cancer treatments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative health systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurvedic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayurvedic medicine">Ayurvedic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryke_Geerd_Hamer#Germanic_New_Medicine" title="Ryke Geerd Hamer">Germanic New Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_medicine" title="Functional medicine">Functional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">Herbalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic medicine">Holistic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine" title="Orthomolecular medicine">Orthomolecular medicine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diet-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuss_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Breuss diet">Breuss diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budwig_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Budwig protocol">Budwig protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Dietary_Method" title="Chase Dietary Method">Chase Dietary Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_therapy" title="Grape therapy">Grape therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_fasting" title="Intermittent fasting">Intermittent fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallelujah Diet">Hallelujah diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicing" title="Juicing">Juicing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketogenic_diet" title="Ketogenic diet">Ketogenic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDougall_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="McDougall diet">McDougall diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moerman_Therapy" title="Moerman Therapy">Moerman Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfood" title="Superfood">Superfood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig_(physician)#Cancer" title="Alexander Haig (physician)">Uric-acid free diet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electromagnetic and energy-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Animal magnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioresonance_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioresonance therapy">Bioresonance therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_irradiation_therapy" title="Blood irradiation therapy">Blood irradiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrohomeopathy" title="Electrohomeopathy">Electrohomeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_Physiological_Feedback_Xrroid" title="Electro Physiological Feedback Xrroid">Electro Physiological Feedback Xrroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_therapy" title="Light therapy">Light therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stone#Polarity_therapy" title="Randolph Stone">Polarity therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Rife" title="Royal Rife">Rife Frequency Generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_touch" title="Therapeutic touch">Therapeutic touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tronado_machine" title="Tronado machine">Tronado machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Healing" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum Healing">Quantum Healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoetron_therapy" title="Zoetron therapy">Zoetron therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hulda_Regehr_Clark" title="Hulda Regehr Clark">Clark therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_of_Hope_Hospital#Treatment" title="Oasis of Hope Hospital">Contreras therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Bella_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Di Bella therapy">Di Bella therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerson_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerson therapy">Gerson therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalez_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonzalez protocol">Gonzalez protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cancer_cure" title="Greek cancer cure">Greek cancer cure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxsey_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoxsey therapy">Hoxsey therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issels_treatment" title="Issels treatment">Issels treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley#Kelley's_cancer_therapy" title="William Donald Kelley">Kelley treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_blood_analysis" title="Live blood analysis">Live blood analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Livingston#Controversy" title="Virginia Livingston">Livingston-Wheeler Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Day" title="Lorraine Day">Lorraine Day Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_typing" title="Metabolic typing">Metabolic typing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieper_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieper therapy">Nieper therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant and fungus-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actaea_racemosa" title="Actaea racemosa">Actaea racemosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloe" title="Aloe">Aloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrographis_paniculata" title="Andrographis paniculata">Andrographis paniculata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apricot_kernel" title="Apricot kernel">Apricot kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aveloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Aveloz">Aveloz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis#Clark2011" title="Medical cannabis">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cansema" class="mw-redirect" title="Cansema">Cansema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">Capsicum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carctol" title="Carctol">Carctol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_oil" title="Castor oil">Castor oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrea_tridentata" title="Larrea tridentata">Chaparral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_yam" title="Chinese yam">Chinese yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorella" title="Chlorella">Chlorella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinacea" title="Echinacea">Echinacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellagic_acid" title="Ellagic acid">Ellagic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essiac" title="Essiac">Essiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_wheat_germ_extract" title="Fermented wheat germ extract">Fermented wheat germ extract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">Ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenseal" title="Goldenseal">Goldenseal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotu_kola" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotu kola">Gotu kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_extract" title="Grape seed extract">Grape seed extract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapes">Grapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handroanthus" title="Handroanthus">Handroanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">Hypericum perforatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inonotus_obliquus" title="Inonotus obliquus">Inonotus obliquus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_Plus" title="Juice Plus">Juice Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amygdalin#Laetrile" title="Amygdalin">Laetrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangosteen" title="Mangosteen">Mangosteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk thistle">Milk thistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistletoe" title="Mistletoe">Mistletoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_citrus_pectin" title="Modified citrus pectin">Modified citrus pectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulyptol_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulyptol treatment">Mulyptol treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_mushrooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicinal mushrooms">Mushrooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noni_juice" title="Noni juice">Noni juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygeum_(herbal_remedy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygeum (herbal remedy)">Pygeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauvolfia_serpentina" title="Rauvolfia serpentina">Rauvolfia serpentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_clover" class="mw-redirect" title="Red clover">Red clover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_palmetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Saw palmetto">Saw palmetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasilver" title="Seasilver">Seasilver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soursop" title="Soursop">Soursop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strychnos_nux-vomica" title="Strychnos nux-vomica">Strychnos nux-vomica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaria_tomentosa" title="Uncaria tomentosa">Uncaria tomentosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_flytrap" title="Venus flytrap">Venus flytrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatgrass" title="Wheatgrass">Wheatgrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilburn_Ferguson" title="Wilburn Ferguson">Wilburn Ferguson's solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goji" title="Goji">Wolfberry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical procedures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_enema" title="Coffee enema">Coffee enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniosacral_therapy" title="Craniosacral therapy">Craniosacral therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_therapy" title="Dance therapy">Dance therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">Psychic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexology" title="Reflexology">Reflexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfing" title="Rolfing">Rolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiatsu" title="Shiatsu">Shiatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_balancing" title="Zero balancing">Zero balancing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mental and spiritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_guided_imagery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancer guided imagery">Cancer guided imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_visualization" title="Creative visualization">Creative visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_healing" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American healing">Native American healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuro-linguistic_programming" title="Neuro-linguistic programming">Neuro-linguistic programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonton_Method_of_Visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Simonton Method of Visualization">Simonton Method of Visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThetaHealing" title="ThetaHealing">ThetaHealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synthetic chemicals and other substances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/714-X" title="714-X">714-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burzynski_Clinic#Antineoplaston_therapy" title="Burzynski Clinic">Antineoplaston therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_salve" title="Black salve">Black salve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancell" title="Cancell">Cancell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_therapy#Alternative_medicine" title="Cell therapy">Cell therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesium_chloride" title="Caesium chloride">Caesium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelation_therapy" title="Chelation therapy">Chelation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coley%27s_toxins" title="Coley's toxins">Coley's toxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_calcium" title="Coral calcium">Coral calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">Dehydroepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid" title="Dichloroacetic acid">Dichloroacetic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide" title="Dimethyl sulfoxide">Dimethyl sulfoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu_oil" title="Emu oil">Emu oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gc-MAF" class="mw-redirect" title="Gc-MAF">Gc-MAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Koch" title="William Frederick Koch">Glyoxylide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazine_sulfate" title="Hydrazine sulfate">Hydrazine sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_oxygen_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy">Hyperbaric oxygen therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_ascorbic_acid" title="Intravenous ascorbic acid">Intravenous ascorbic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin_potentiation_therapy" title="Insulin potentiation therapy">Insulin potentiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krebiozen" title="Krebiozen">Krebiozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonene" title="Limonene">Limonene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoic_acid" title="Lipoic acid">Lipoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megavitamin_therapy" title="Megavitamin therapy">Megavitamin therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy#In_alternative_medicine" title="Oxygen therapy">Oxygen therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">Ozone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangamic_acid" title="Pangamic acid">Pangamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorylethanolamine" title="Phosphorylethanolamine">Phosphorylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poly-MVA" title="Poly-MVA">Poly-MVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_(medication)" title="Pregnenolone (medication)">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protandim" title="Protandim">Protandim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revici%27s_Guided_Chemotherapy" title="Revici's Guided Chemotherapy">Revici's Guided Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIGVIR" class="mw-redirect" title="RIGVIR">RIGVIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvestrol" title="Salvestrol">Salvestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_cartilage" title="Shark cartilage">Shark cartilage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">Sodium bicarbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_therapy" title="Urine therapy">Urine therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitacor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitacor">Vitacor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C_megadosage" title="Vitamin C megadosage">Vitamin C megadosage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Alternative cancer treatments">Alternative cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Category:Alternative cancer treatments">Category:Alternative cancer treatments</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Unproven and disproven cancer treatments">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Veganism_and_vegetarianism366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template talk:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Veganism_and_vegetarianism366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perspectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_veganism" title="Black veganism">Black veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism#History" title="Veganism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal" title="Vegan school meal">Vegan school meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_studies" title="Vegan studies">Vegan studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_vegetarianism" title="Economic vegetarianism">Economic vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_in_the_Romantic_Era" title="Vegetarianism in the Romantic Era">Romantic Era</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country" title="Vegetarianism by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarians" title="List of vegetarians">Vegetarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegans" title="List of vegans">Vegans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_vegetarian_and_vegan_characters" title="List of fictional vegetarian and vegan characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_festivals" title="List of vegetarian and vegan festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">Vegan media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Fa%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṟaḷ">Tirukkuṟaḷ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_vegetarianism" title="Islamic vegetarianism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_vegetarianism" title="Jewish vegetarianism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism#Vegetarianism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food<br />and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies" title="List of vegetarian and vegan companies">List of vegetarian and vegan companies</a></li> <li>Dairy alternatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cream" title="Plant cream">Plant cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_bacon" title="Vegetarian bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Burgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_duck" title="Mock duck">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Hot dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_jambon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_sausage_roll" title="Meat-free sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Seitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert#Gelatin_substitutes" title="Gelatin dessert">Gelatin substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_non-vegetarian_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian and non-vegetarian marks">Vegetarian mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_beer" title="Vegetarianism and beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_wine" title="Vegetarianism and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Groups</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_festivals" title="List of vegetarian and vegan festivals">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegan_Society" title="American Vegan Society">American Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Vegan_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="China Vegan Society">China Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Empowerment_Project" title="Food Empowerment Project">Food Empowerment Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_Vegan" title="Go Vegan">Go Vegan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Veganisme" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Hen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Hen House">Our Hen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Awareness_Foundation" title="Vegan Awareness Foundation">Vegan Awareness Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan flag">Vegan flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Outreach" title="Vegan Outreach">Vegan Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Prisoners_Support_Group" title="Vegan Prisoners Support Group">Vegan Prisoners Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganmania" title="Veganmania">Veganmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Resource_Group" title="Vegetarian Resource Group">Vegetarian Resource Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganuary" title="Veganuary">Veganuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganz" title="Veganz">Veganz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegan_Day" title="World Vegan Day">World Vegan Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Vegetarian_Society" title="Boston Vegetarian Society">Boston Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Vegetarian_Association" title="Christian Vegetarian Association">Christian Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Gemeinn%C3%BCtzige_Obstbau-Siedlung" title="Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung">Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Vegetarian_Society" title="French Vegetarian Society">French Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Food_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishna Food for Life">Hare Krishna Food for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Veg" title="Jewish Veg">Jewish Veg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_days" title="Meat-free days">Meat-free days</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meatless_Monday" title="Meatless Monday">Meatless Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_fast" title="Friday fast">Friday fast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vegetarian_Society" title="North American Vegetarian Society">North American Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order of the Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Deutschland" title="ProVeg Deutschland">ProVeg Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_International" title="ProVeg International">ProVeg International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Nederland" title="ProVeg Nederland">ProVeg Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vegetarian_Society" title="Scottish Vegetarian Society">Scottish Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissveg" title="Swissveg">Swissveg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Vegetarian_Association" title="Toronto Vegetarian Association">Toronto Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society">Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Pride" title="Veggie Pride">Veggie Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_Health" title="Viva! Health">Viva! Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Esperantist_Vegetarian_Association" title="World Esperantist Vegetarian Association">World Esperantist Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetarian_Day" title="World Vegetarian Day">World Vegetarian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_(film)" title="Diet for a New America (film)">Diet for a New America (film)</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post_Punk_Kitchen" title="Post Punk Kitchen">Post Punk Kitchen</a></i> (2003–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty" title="A Sacred Duty">A Sacred Duty</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead" title="Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead">Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planeat" title="Planeat">Planeat</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)" title="Live and Let Live (2013 film)">Live and Let Live</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017 film)">Carnage</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_You_Alive" title="Eating You Alive">Eating You Alive</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maa_Ka_Doodh" title="Maa Ka Doodh">Maa Ka Doodh</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naked_Food" title="Naked Food">Naked Food</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Magazine" title="The Vegetarian Magazine">The Vegetarian Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan Journal">Vegan Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VegNews" title="VegNews">VegNews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Agenda">The Animals' Agenda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Books</a>,<br />reports,<br /> journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Abstinence_from_Animal_Food,_as_a_Moral_Duty" title="An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty">An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty</a></i> (1802)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Cookery" title="Vegetable Cookery">Vegetable Cookery</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet" title="A Vindication of Natural Diet">A Vindication of Natural Diet</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasons for not Eating Animal Food">Reasons for not Eating Animal Food</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Own_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature's Own Book">Nature's Own Book</a></i> (1835)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruits_and_Farinacea" title="Fruits and Farinacea">Fruits and Farinacea</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Boat" title="The Pleasure Boat">The Pleasure Boat</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What is Vegetarianism?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses" title="Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses">Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Why I Am a Vegetarian">Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F" title="Figs or Pigs?">Figs or Pigs?</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Years_of_Food_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty Years of Food Reform">Fifty Years of Food Reform</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian">Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish" title="The Meat Fetish">The Meat Fetish</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="A Fleshless Diet">A Fleshless Diet</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism" title="The Benefits of Vegetarianism">The Benefits of Vegetarianism</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Good_Life" title="Living the Good Life">Living the Good Life</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)" title="Ten Talents (cookbook)">Ten Talents</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Epicure" title="The Vegetarian Epicure">The Vegetarian Epicure</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective Cookbooks</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook" title="The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook">The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen" title="Laurel's Kitchen">Laurel's Kitchen</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook" title="Moosewood Cookbook">Moosewood Cookbook</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America" title="Diet for a New America">Diet for a New America</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat" title="The Sexual Politics of Meat">The Sexual Politics of Meat</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone" title="Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone">Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Bitch" title="Skinny Bitch">Skinny Bitch</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" title="Livestock's Long Shadow">Livestock's Long Shadow</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)" title="The Bloodless Revolution (book)">The Bloodless Revolution</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows" title="Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows">Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Studies_Project" title="The Vegan Studies Project">The Vegan Studies Project</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Kingdom:_The_Abundant_World_of_Vegan_Recipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes">Vegetable Kingdom</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a></i> (annual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_restaurants" title="List of vegetarian and vegan restaurants">Restaurants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Esther%27s_Vegan_Jewish_Deli" title="Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli">Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnaholic" title="Cinnaholic">Cinnaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Kitchen" title="Crossroads Kitchen">Crossroads Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Elephant_Vegetarian_Bistro" title="Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro">Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Restaurant" title="Greens Restaurant">Greens Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth%27s_Gone_Raw" title="Elizabeth's Gone Raw">Elizabeth's Gone Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltl_Restaurant" title="Hiltl Restaurant">Hiltl Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pine_(restaurant)" title="Little Pine (restaurant)">Little Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purezza" title="Purezza">Purezza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutty_Vegan" title="Slutty Vegan">Slutty Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souley_Vegan" title="Souley Vegan">Souley Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Lounge,_London" title="The Sound Lounge, London">The Sound Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Galaxy" title="Veggie Galaxy">Veggie Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Grill" title="Veggie Grill">Veggie Grill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranks_(restaurant)" title="Cranks (restaurant)">Cranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Thought_(restaurant)" title="Food for Thought (restaurant)">Food for Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSpiral_Lounge" title="InSpiral Lounge">InSpiral Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_as_Anything" title="Lentil as Anything">Lentil as Anything</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Caf%C3%A9" title="Minerva Café">Minerva Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Riverside_Cafe" title="New Riverside Cafe">New Riverside Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(restaurant)" title="Nix (restaurant)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Cafeteria" title="Penny Cafeteria">Penny Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Peacock" title="Pink Peacock">Pink Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Reed" title="The Hollow Reed">The Hollow Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pitman_Vegetarian_Hotel" title="The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel">The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_symbolism" title="Vegetarian and vegan symbolism">Vegetarian and vegan symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet" title="Vegetarian and vegan dog diet">Vegetarian and vegan dog diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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