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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bates" title="Joseph Bates – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Bates" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%86_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%BD" title="Ջոզեֆ Բեյթս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոզեֆ Բեյթս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bates" title="Joseph Bates – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joseph Bates" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Joseph Bates</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Bates_(1865).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Joseph_Bates_%281865%29.jpg/220px-Joseph_Bates_%281865%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Joseph_Bates_%281865%29.jpg/330px-Joseph_Bates_%281865%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Joseph_Bates_%281865%29.jpg/440px-Joseph_Bates_%281865%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2334" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Joseph Bates</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1792-07-08</span>)</span>July 8, 1792<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Massachusetts" title="Rochester, Massachusetts">Rochester, Massachusetts</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 19, 1872<span style="display:none">(1872-03-19)</span> (aged 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek, Michigan</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Pastor, sailor, author, teacher</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:17em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Category:Seventh-day Adventist Church">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day<br />Adventist Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_and_Ellen_White_(1864)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James and Ellen White"><img alt="James and Ellen White" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/James_and_Ellen_White_%281864%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-James_and_Ellen_White_%281864%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/James_and_Ellen_White_%281864%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-James_and_Ellen_White_%281864%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/James_and_Ellen_White_%281864%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-James_and_Ellen_White_%281864%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerism" title="Millerism">Millerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Minneapolis_General_Conference_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="1888 Minneapolis General Conference (Adventist)">1888 General Conference</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_theology" title="Seventh-day Adventist theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/28_Fundamental_Beliefs" title="28 Fundamental Beliefs">28 Fundamental Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pillars_of_Adventism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pillars of Adventism">Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Seventh-day_Adventism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism">Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_eschatology" title="Seventh-day Adventist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_judgment" title="Investigative judgment">Pre-Second Advent Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_conditionalism" title="Christian conditionalism">Conditional immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remnant_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remnant (Adventist)">Remnant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists">General Conference</a></li></ul> <p>Divisions </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East-Central_Africa_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="East-Central Africa Division of Seventh-day Adventists">East-Central Africa Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Euro-Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Euro-Asia Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Inter-American Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Inter-American Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-European_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Inter-European Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Inter-European Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="North American Division of Seventh-day Adventists">North American Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Asia-Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Northern Asia-Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Northern Asia-Pacific Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa-Indian_Ocean_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="South American Division of Seventh-day Adventists">South American Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="South Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists">South Pacific Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Asia Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Asia-Pacific_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Southern Asia-Pacific Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Asia-Pacific Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-European_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Trans-European Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Trans-European Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West-Central_Africa_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="West-Central Africa Division of Seventh-day Adventists">West-Central Africa Division</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_periodicals" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist periodicals">Periodicals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Review">Adventist Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_of_the_Times_(magazine)" title="Signs of the Times (magazine)"><i>Signs of the Times</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ellen_White_writings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ellen White writings">List of Ellen White writings</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Service</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Development_and_Relief_Agency" title="Adventist Development and Relief Agency">Adventist Development and Relief Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranatha_Volunteers_International" title="Maranatha Volunteers International">Maranatha Volunteers International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathfinders_(Seventh-day_Adventist)" title="Pathfinders (Seventh-day Adventist)">Pathfinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventurers_(Seventh-day_Adventist)" title="Adventurers (Seventh-day Adventist)">Adventurers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Cadet_Corps" title="Medical Cadet Corps">Medical Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_education" title="Seventh-day Adventist education">Seventh-day Adventist education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_secondary_schools" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist secondary schools">Secondary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_colleges_and_universities" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_hospitals" title="List of Seventh-day Adventist hospitals">Hospitals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Media_ministries_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Media ministries of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Media ministries</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Channel" title="Hope Channel">Hope Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda_Broadcasting_Network" title="Loma Linda Broadcasting Network">Loma Linda Broadcasting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Written" title="It Is Written">It Is Written</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Prophecy" title="Voice of Prophecy">Voice of Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">Three Angels Broadcasting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Facts" title="Amazing Facts">Amazing Facts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="List of Seventh-day Adventists">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._White" title="James S. White">James S. White</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._N._Andrews" title="J. N. Andrews">J. N. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_Smith" title="Uriah Smith">Uriah Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">J. H. Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Caleb_Jackson" title="James Caleb Jackson">James Caleb Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._C._White" class="mw-redirect" title="W. C. White">W. C. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._D._Nichol" class="mw-redirect" title="F. D. Nichol">F. D. Nichol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._L._Andreasen" title="M. L. Andreasen">M. L. Andreasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Roy_Froom" title="Le Roy Froom">Le Roy Froom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._White" title="Arthur L. White">Arthur L. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vandeman" title="George Vandeman">George Vandeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._M._S._Richards" title="H. M. S. Richards">H. M. S. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heppenstall" title="Edward Heppenstall">Edward Heppenstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Douglass" title="Herbert E. Douglass">Herbert E. Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Venden" title="Morris Venden">Morris Venden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuele_Bacchiocchi" title="Samuele Bacchiocchi">Samuele Bacchiocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._E._Cleveland" title="E. E. Cleveland">E. E. Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Veith" title="Walter Veith">Walter Veith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Finley" title="Mark Finley">Mark Finley</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-size:smaller;"> <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seventh-day_Adventism" title="Template:Seventh-day Adventism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seventh-day_Adventism" title="Template talk:Seventh-day Adventism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seventh-day_Adventism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seventh-day Adventism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph Bates</b> (8 July 1792 – 19 March 1872) was an American <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">seaman</a> and revivalist <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a>. He was a co-founder and developer of Sabbatarian Adventism, whose followers would later establish the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>. Bates is also credited with convincing <a href="/wiki/James_Springer_White" class="mw-redirect" title="James Springer White">James White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a> of the validity of the seventh-day <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_and_Seventh-day_Adventism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbath and Seventh-day Adventism">Sabbath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bateshome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bateshome.jpg/220px-Bateshome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bateshome.jpg/330px-Bateshome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bateshome.jpg/440px-Bateshome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Home of Joseph Bates, photographed in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>Joseph Bates was born in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Massachusetts" title="Rochester, Massachusetts">Rochester, Massachusetts</a> on July 8, 1792. His father, also named Joseph,<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a volunteer in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> and his mother was the daughter of Barnabas Nye of <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Massachusetts" title="Sandwich, Massachusetts">Sandwich</a>, Massachusetts. In 1793, Bates' family moved to the part of <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford, Massachusetts</a> that would become the township of <a href="/wiki/Fairhaven,_Massachusetts" title="Fairhaven, Massachusetts">Fairhaven</a> in 1812. In June 1807, Bates sailed as a cabin boy on the new ship commanded by Elias Terry, called the <i>Fanny</i>, to London via New York City. This was the commencement of Bates' <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">sailing</a> career.<sup id="cite_ref-autobio1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1811, Bates was forced into servitude for the British navy and spent time as a prisoner during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. After his release he continued his career, eventually becoming captain of a ship. During one of his voyages, he read a copy of the Bible that his wife packed for him. He experienced conversion and became involved in a variety of reforms, including helping to found an early <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance</a> society. Bates became disturbed by the way the sailors (regardless of their religion) were forced to go to <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> services; later in life he became adamant that the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a> should be upheld. He also was a strong supporter of <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolition</a>. In his everyday life as a sailor, he noticed the intemperance of the sailors and the resulting side effects. Many of these problems came from poor rations, but many more were the result of overindulgence by the men. He became one of the champions of health reform; abstaining from all alcohol, tobacco, and <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>, even becoming a vegetarian. In 1839 he accepted the teachings of <a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)" title="William Miller (preacher)">William Miller</a> that Jesus was coming soon. </p><p>After October 22, 1844, like many other Millerites, Bates sought meaning out of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a>. During the spring of 1845, Bates accepted the seventh-day Sabbath after reading a pamphlet by <a href="/wiki/T._M._Preble" title="T. M. Preble">T. M. Preble</a>. Bates soon became known as the "apostle of the Sabbath" and wrote several booklets on the topic. One of the first, published in 1846, was entitled <i>The Seventh Day Sabbath, a Perpetual Sign</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Bates' most significant contributions was his ability to connect theologically the Sabbath with a unique understanding of the heavenly sanctuary. This <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">apocalyptic</a> understanding of theology would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Controversy_theme" title="Great Controversy theme">Great Controversy theme</a>. </p><p>Bates initially was skeptical of the young <a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a> and her prophetic gift, but became convinced of its truthfulness when he was in the presence of Ellen White when she had a vision of several planets.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contributed to early publications such as <i>A Word to the "Little Flock."</i> Bates was active with the Whites in participating in a series of Bible Conferences held in 1848 to 1850 that has become known as the Sabbath and Sanctuary Conferences. During the 1850s Bates supported the development of a more formal church organization that culminated in 1863 with the formation of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Ellen White rebuked the leaders of the Battle Creek church in 1866 for not having confidence in James White, and Bates is one of those who signed his name to a statement regarding this saying: "'We now accept with deep sorrow of heart the reproof given us in this testimony,'" <i>Testimony for the Church No.13</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His tendency to go to extremes was checked by cautions from Ellen White. "I saw that the above named errors of Brother Bates (his position on helping the poor; praying for the sick before unbelievers) and others more dangerous brought confusion and had destroyed James's confidence in Brother Bates;" <i>Manuscript 14, 1850</i> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in the <i>Advent Review</i> of Dec. 11, 1879, Ellen White promotes Joseph Bates autobiography with these words: "For young people, the Life of Joseph Bates is a treasure;...".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expressed his displeasure at Ellen White for rebuking him in his too extreme diet just one month before he died.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Joseph Bates died on March 19, 1872, in <a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek, Michigan</a>. He is buried in Poplar Hill Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey, Michigan">Monterey, Michigan</a>. </p><p>Bates' family home at 191 Main St., Fairhaven, MA was purchased by Adventist Heritage and is being restored as a heritage attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_reform">Health reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Health reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bates was the first <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance</a> advocate and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a> Adventist.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_1968_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark_1968-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Land_1998_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land_1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1844, Bates had given up all forms of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a>, tea, <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> and "greasy and rich foods."<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_1968_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark_1968-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meister_1983_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meister_1983-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Seventh-day Adventists were influenced by Bates' health principles and by the 1860s Adventist publications discouraged the use of alcohol, coffee and tea.<sup id="cite_ref-Land_1998_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land_1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meister_1983_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meister_1983-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best primary resource is Joseph Bates, <i>Autobiography</i> (Battle Creek: Battle Creek Steam Press, 1868) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060912052908/http://www.andrews.edu/universitypress/catalog.cgi?key=176">republished and annotated in 2004 by Andrews University Press</a>. Other helpful treatments include Virgil E. Robinson, <i>Cabin Boy to Advent Crusader</i> (Southern Publishing Association, 1960), which was a popular treatment intended primarily for a youth audience; G. T. Anderson, <i>Outrider of the Apocalypse: Life and Times of Joseph Bates</i> (<a href="/wiki/Review_and_Herald_Publishing_Association" title="Review and Herald Publishing Association">Review and Herald</a>, 1972); and <a href="/wiki/George_R._Knight" title="George R. Knight">George R. Knight</a>, <i>Joseph Bates: The Real Founder of Seventh-day Adventism</i> (<a href="/wiki/Review_and_Herald_Publishing_Association" title="Review and Herald Publishing Association">Review and Herald</a>, 2004). </p><p>Some of Bates' publications include: </p> <ul><li>The Opening Heavens Or, A Connected View of the Testimony of the Prophets and Apostles (1846)</li> <li>The Seventh Day Sabbath: A Perpetual Sign from the Beginning to the Entering Into the Gates (1846, revised edition 1847)</li> <li>Second Advent Way Marks and High Heaps (1847)</li> <li>A Word to the "Little Flock" (1847, with James and Ellen White)</li> <li>A Vindication of the Seventh-Day Sabbath and the Commandments of God (1848)</li> <li>A Seal of the Living God (1849)</li> <li>An Explanation of the Typical and Anti-Typical Sanctuary (1850)</li> <li>The Autobiography of Elder Joseph Bates (1868)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_theology" title="Seventh-day Adventist theology">Seventh-day Adventist theology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Knight" title="George R. Knight">George R. Knight</a>, <i>Joseph Bates: The Real Founder of Seventh-day Adventism</i>. Review and Herald, 2004<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207032700/http://www.adventistheritage.org/article.php?id=101">"Adventist Heritage : Footsteps of the Pioneers- Joseph Bates"</a>. February 7, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistheritage.org/article.php?id=101">the original</a> on February 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adventist+Heritage+%3A+Footsteps+of+the+Pioneers-+Joseph+Bates&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventistheritage.org%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-heritage_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207032700/http://www.adventistheritage.org/article.php?id=101">"Adventist Heritage : Footsteps of the Pioneers- Joseph Bates"</a>. 2002–2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistheritage.org/article.php?id=101">the original</a> on February 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adventist+Heritage+%3A+Footsteps+of+the+Pioneers-+Joseph+Bates&rft.date=2002%2F2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventistheritage.org%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autobio1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autobio1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBates1868" class="citation book cs1">Bates, Elder Joseph (May 1, 1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlysda.com/bates/joseph-bates1.html#CHAPTER%20I.">"Chapter 1"</a>. In Elder James White (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlysda.com/bates/joseph-bates1.html"><i>The Early and Experience And Labors of Elder Joseph Bates</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1&rft.btitle=The+Early+and+Experience+And+Labors+of+Elder+Joseph+Bates&rft.date=1868-05-01&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=Elder+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlysda.com%2Fbates%2Fjoseph-bates1.html%23CHAPTER%2520I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org:80/dirs/2/2/0/9/22098/22098-h/22098-h.htm">Joseph Bates: <i>The Seventh Day Sabbath, a Perpetual Sign, from the Beginning to the Entering Into the Gates of the Holy City, According to the Commandment</i>, 1846 (www.gutenberg.org)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.N. Loughborough, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sda-j-n-loughborough-the-great-second-advent-movement">The Great Second Advent Movement</a> 1905, p. 258. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/12807.241#241">"Testimony for the Church — No. 13"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testimony+for+the+Church+%E2%80%94+No.+13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.egwwritings.org%2Fen%2Fbook%2F12807.241%23241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/57.2179">"Manuscript Releases, vol. 4 [Nos. 210-259]"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manuscript+Releases%2C+vol.+4+%26%2391%3BNos.+210-259%26%2393%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.egwwritings.org%2Fen%2Fbook%2F57.2179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/821.3076#3076">"The Review and Herald"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Review+and+Herald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.egwwritings.org%2Fen%2Fbook%2F821.3076%233076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/1487.1264#1264">"The Early Life and Later Experience and Labors of Elder Joseph Bates"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+Life+and+Later+Experience+and+Labors+of+Elder+Joseph+Bates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.egwwritings.org%2Fen%2Fbook%2F1487.1264%231264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144503/http://www.adventistheritage.org/article/158/historic-sites/joseph-bates-home-at-fairhaven/bates-home-restoration">"Adventist Heritage : Bates Home Restoration"</a>. <i>www.adventistheritage.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistheritage.org/article/158/historic-sites/joseph-bates-home-at-fairhaven/bates-home-restoration">the original</a> on April 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.adventistheritage.org&rft.atitle=Adventist+Heritage+%3A+Bates+Home+Restoration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventistheritage.org%2Farticle%2F158%2Fhistoric-sites%2Fjoseph-bates-home-at-fairhaven%2Fbates-home-restoration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Bates+%28Adventist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark_1968-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clark_1968_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clark_1968_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, Jerome L. (1968). 1844: <i>Social Movements, Volume 2</i>. Southern Pub. Association. p. 246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Land_1998-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Land_1998_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land_1998_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Land, Gary. (1998). <i>Adventism in America</i>. Andrews University Press. p. 55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1883925192" title="Special:BookSources/978-1883925192">978-1883925192</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meister_1983-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meister_1983_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meister_1983_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meister, Charles W. (1983). <i>Year of the Lord</i>. McFarland. p. 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0899500379" title="Special:BookSources/978-0899500379">978-0899500379</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One review of Knight is Benjamin McArthur, "Early Adventism’s Leon Trotsky". <i>Spectrum</i> 33:2 (Spring 2005); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.spectrummagazine.org/onlinecommunity/reviews/050706mcarthur.html">alternative link</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707113547/http://old.spectrummagazine.org/onlinecommunity/reviews/050706mcarthur.html">Archived</a> July 7, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Bates,+Joseph">Works by Joseph Bates</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Bates%2C%20Joseph%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Joseph%20Bates%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bates%2C%20Joseph%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Joseph%20Bates%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Joseph%20Bates%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bates%2C%20Joseph%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Joseph%20Bates%22%29%20OR%20%28%221792-1872%22%20AND%20Bates%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Joseph Bates</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlysda.com/bates/joseph-bates1.html">Joseph Bates' autobiography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umbrigade.tripod.com/articles/bates.html">Resume of biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlysda.com/bates/joseph%20bates.jpg">Drawing of Joseph Bates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165929/http://www.earlysda.com/bates/joseph%20bates.jpg">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718085649/http://www.adventistarchives.org/DocArchives.asp">Adventist Archives</a> Contains articles written by Joseph Bates</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=42640">Life of Joseph Bates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208005754/http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=42640">Archived</a> February 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, an autobiography</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000025635089">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/72606225">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/78471/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcWpBxfJtYHQfXtm9jHmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134225015">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81098822">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/134225015">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bates, Joseph, 1792-1872"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vh6jk8">SNAC</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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