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background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Mariano Goybet</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariano_Goybet_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mariano_Goybet_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mariano_Goybet_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mariano_Goybet_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mariano_Goybet_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mariano_Goybet_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mariano_Goybet_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Mariano Goybet</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Mariano Francisco Julio Goybet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">17 August 1861<br /><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810-73)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810-73)">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 September 1943<span style="display:none">(1943-09-29)</span> (aged 82)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yenne" title="Yenne">Yenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupied_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied France">Occupied France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/18px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/27px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/36px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1882–1923</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Divisional_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional General">General de division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914-1918" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1914-1918">Croix de guerre 1914-1918</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medal (United States)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mariano Francisco Julio Goybet</b> (17 August 1861 – 29 September 1943) was a <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> general, who held several commands in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His family is an old family from <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> in France. Its members were notaries, merchants, mayors, captains of the castel, military and industrial people. An extinct branch called Goybet de Lutrin de Grilly was ennobled in the 18th century and gave in 1753 a governor of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genevois_(province)" title="Genevois (province)">Genevois</a>. The coat of arms of this extinct branch was a blue field with three silver stars at the head and an upturned crescent at the point. Traversing the centre is a bar of gold. </p><p>Mariano Goybet was born in <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. He was the son of Pierre Jules Goybet (1823–1912), an industrialist and Marie Bravais, niece of the physicist <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Bravais" title="Auguste Bravais">Auguste Bravais</a>. One of his grandmothers was Louise de Montgolfier niece of the <a href="/wiki/Montgolfier_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Montgolfier Brothers">Montgolfier Brothers</a> inventors of the <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_balloon" title="Hot air balloon">hot air balloon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Before_the_war">Before the war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He studied at the college in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, then at the military school <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Sp%C3%A9ciale_Militaire_de_Saint-Cyr" class="mw-redirect" title="École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr">École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr</a> and was promoted to second lieutenant in 1884. </p><p>He served in the 2nd Regiment of <a href="/wiki/Turcos#Algerian.2C_Tunisian_and_Moroccan_tirailleurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcos">Tirailleurs Algériens</a>, where he married Marguerite Lespieau, daughter of his commanding officer, general Theodore Lespieau. He was promoted to lieutenant in the 140th Regiment of Infantry, stationed in <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, and then attended <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Ecole_de_Guerre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Ecole de Guerre (page does not exist)">L'Ecole de Guerre</a> (the War College), graduating with honours in 1892. </p><p>He served on the staff of the 27th Infantry Division, was promoted to captain in 1893 and was appointed as orderly officer to general <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Z%C3%A9d%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Zédé">Charles Zédé</a>, governor of Lyon, in 1896. He commanded a company of the 99th Regiment of Infantry then, following another staff appointment, he was made battalion chief of the 159th Regiment of Infantry. </p><p>In 1907 he took command of the 30th Battalion of <a href="/wiki/Chasseurs_Alpins" title="Chasseurs Alpins">Chasseurs Alpins</a> as lieutenant-colonel. He was still in command of this battalion when he was promoted to colonel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I_(1914–1918)"><span id="World_War_I_.281914.E2.80.931918.29"></span>World War I (1914–1918)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I (1914–1918)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> he was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a> front with his Alpine battalion. He was placed at the head of the 152nd infantry regiment then he took command of the 81st Brigade and his troops took <a href="/wiki/Steinbach,_Haut-Rhin" title="Steinbach, Haut-Rhin">Steinbach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>. </p><p>Wounded twice at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hartmannswillerkopf" title="Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf">Hartmannswillerskopf</a>. Afterwards, he joined the 98th Infantry Regiment at the <a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a> front. In autumn his division was transported north to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a>. He commanded the 50th Brigade. </p><p>In the beginning of 1917 he took command of the 25th Infantry Division and, as the enemy retreated, his division pursued them to the city of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin,_Aisne" title="Saint-Quentin, Aisne">Saint-Quentin</a>. In August his men seized the woods of <a href="/wiki/Avocourt" title="Avocourt">Avocourt</a> after heavy fighting. In December, he was promoted to general. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Hand_Division.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Red_Hand_Division.jpg/150px-Red_Hand_Division.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Red_Hand_Division.jpg/225px-Red_Hand_Division.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Red_Hand_Division.jpg/300px-Red_Hand_Division.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Red Hand Division</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1918, General Goybet commanded the <a href="/wiki/157th_Infantry_Division_(France)" title="157th Infantry Division (France)">157th Division</a>, which had been decimated after the <a href="/wiki/Chemin_des_Dames" title="Chemin des Dames">Chemin des Dames</a>. It was reconstituted by putting together the 333rd Infantry Regiment (French) with the American <a href="/wiki/371st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="371st Infantry Regiment (United States)">371st</a> and the <a href="/wiki/372nd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="372nd Infantry Regiment (United States)">372nd American Regiments</a>. </p><p>The 157th Division participated in the <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Argonne_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse-Argonne Offensive">Meuse-Argonne Offensive</a>. With violent attacks, General Goybet broke the enemy front at <a href="/wiki/Monthois" title="Monthois">Monthois</a>, taking many prisoners and considerable <a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">materiel</a>. After that he occupied the Vosges at the front of Sainte Marie les Mines. </p><p>He gave his military honour to his troops.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal awarded by General Pershing<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was awarded the Order of the Army by Marechal <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a> on March 19, 1919<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1920_Syria">1920 Syria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1920 Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damas_Juillet_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Damas_Juillet_1920.jpg/150px-Damas_Juillet_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Damas_Juillet_1920.jpg/225px-Damas_Juillet_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Damas_Juillet_1920.jpg/300px-Damas_Juillet_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Damascus July 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1920 General Goybet was called by the General <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(French_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Gouraud (French Army officer)">Henri Gouraud</a> to command the Third Division of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. In April 1920. <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> became a French <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">mandate</a> and in July 1920, the 24th Division commanded by General Goybet advanced on Damascus. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maysaloun" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maysaloun">battle of Maysaloun</a>, General Goybet's troops arrived in Damascus<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General Goybet died in <a href="/wiki/Yenne" title="Yenne">Yenne</a>, France in 1943. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914-1918" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1914-1918">Croix de guerre 1914-1918</a> with 4 palms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_des_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tres_d%27op%C3%A9rations_ext%C3%A9rieures" title="Croix de guerre des théâtres d'opérations extérieures">Croix de guerre des théâtres d'opérations extérieures</a> with 1 palm</li> <li>Médaille Commémorative de la Grande Guerre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medal</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_de_la_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918">Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_de_Syrie-Cilicie" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille commémorative de Syrie-Cilicie">Médaille commémorative de Syrie-Cilicie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insigne_des_bless%C3%A9s_militaires" class="mw-redirect" title="Insigne des blessés militaires">Insigne des blessés militaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Interalli%C3%A9e_1914%E2%80%931918" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille Interalliée 1914–1918">Médaille Interalliée 1914–1918</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chester D. Heywood, <i>Negro Combat Troops in the World War :The Story of the 371st Infantry</i>, 1928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">My dear General, the President delegated me to confer you the Distinguished Service Medal in the name of the United States government: As Commander of the 157th French Division of Infantry, you have been an important factor in the success of the allies by your valiant leadership and eminent tactical ability. The officers and soldiers of the 371st and 372nd American Infantry Regiments count it a great honor to have served as part of your command in the operations conducted by you in Champagne and in the Vosges. General John J. Pershing quoted in Chester D. Heywood, <i>Negro Combat Troops in the World War :The Story of the 371st Infantry</i>, 1928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He showed the best qualities of Chief at the battles of Ormont and Spitzenberg in September 1914, and at the battle of Steinbach and in the Vosges during the winter of 1914–1915. He was wounded in April 1915. Marshal Philippe Pétain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Order 22 Aley, 24 July 1920. The General is deeply happy to address his congratulations to General Goybet and his valiant troops: 415th of line, 2nd Algerian sharpshooters, 11th and 10th Senegalese sharpshooters, light-infantry-men of Africa, Moroccan trooper regiment, batteries of African groups, batteries of 155, 314, company of tanks, bombardment groups and squadrons who in the hard fight of 24 of July, have broken the resistance of the enemy who defied us for 8 months. They have engraved a glorious page in the history of our country. General Gouraud</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Heywood, Chester D. (1928). <i>Negro Combat Troops in the World War</i></li> <li>Scott, Emmet J. (1919). <i>The American Negro in the World War</i></li> <li>Jaillard, Henri (genealogist and member of the family) (August 25, 1964). <i>Les Goybet de la vallée de Yenne</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Goybet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> ″<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/LH/LH082/PG/FRDAFAN83_OL1183056v001.htm">Legion d'Honneur</a>″ from <a href="/wiki/Base_L%C3%A9onore" title="Base Léonore">Base Léonore</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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