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Matlab, GNU Octave에서의 스크립트는 .m 형식으로 저장되며, 언제든지 불러와서 같은 작업을 다시 실행할 수 있습니다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="스크립트_작성과_실행"><span id=".EC.8A.A4.ED.81.AC.EB.A6.BD.ED.8A.B8_.EC.9E.91.EC.84.B1.EA.B3.BC_.EC.8B.A4.ED.96.89"></span>스크립트 작성과 실행</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 스크립트 작성과 실행"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GNU Octave에서 새 스크립트를 작성하려면 메뉴에서 File > New > New Script 를 클릭합니다. 그러면 Script 에디터가 나오고, 여기서 필요한 명령들을 차례로 입력할 수 있습니다. 예시로, 평균값을 구하는 스크립트를 작성해보겠습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">average</span><span class="p">=(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span> </pre></div> <p>이렇게 스크립트를 작성한 후, 상단의 저장 버튼을 눌러 원하는 경로에 저장해줍니다. 만든 스크립트를 실행하는 방법은 Script 에디터를 빠져나간 다음, 상단에 Current Directory에 해당 m 파일이 있는지 확인한 후, m 파일의 이름을 입력해주는 것입니다. 만약 Current Directory가 아닌 다른 경로에 m 파일이 있다면 우측의 Browse Directories를 눌러 경로를 옮겨주고 m 파일 이름을 입력해주면 됩니다. 위에서 작성한 간단한 script의 실행 결과는 다음과 같습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">average</span> <span class="n">average</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="input">input</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: input"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>input을 사용하면 스크립트에서 미리 변수값을 지정해줄 필요 없이, 사용자가 원하는 값을 넣게끔 할 수 있습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'value A?'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'value B?'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'value C?'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">average</span><span class="p">=(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span> </pre></div> <p>이렇게 만들고 average1.m으로 저장한 후, 실행한다면, </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">average1</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="n">A</span>?<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="n">B</span>?<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="n">C</span>?<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="n">average</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">6.3333</span> </pre></div> <p>이렇게 A, B, C값을 물어보게 하여 평균값을 구할 수 있습니다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="disp">disp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: disp"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>disp를 이용해 화면에 값이나 문자를 출력할 수 있습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'value A?'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'value B?'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'value C?'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">average</span><span class="p">=(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nb">disp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">disp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'The average is : '</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">disp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">disp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">average</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>average2.m으로 저장 후 실행하면 </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">average2</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="n">A</span>?<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="n">B</span>?<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="n">C</span>?<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="n">The</span> <span class="n">average</span> <span class="n">is</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">5.6667</span> </pre></div> <p>disp('')를 입력하면 빈 줄을 출력합니다. </p><p>표처럼 나열하는 스크립트도 만들 수 있습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">yr</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1984</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1996</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">984</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">996</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nb">table</span><span class="p">(:,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)=</span><span class="n">yr</span><span class="o">'</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nb">table</span><span class="p">(:,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)=</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="o">'</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nb">disp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'year population'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">disp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">disp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">table</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>pop으로 저장한 뒤 실행하면 결과는 다음과 같습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">pop</span> <span class="n">year</span> <span class="n">population</span> <span class="mi">1984</span> <span class="mi">984</span> <span class="mi">1986</span> <span class="mi">986</span> <span class="mi">1988</span> <span class="mi">988</span> <span class="mi">1990</span> <span class="mi">990</span> <span class="mi">1992</span> <span class="mi">992</span> <span class="mi">1994</span> <span class="mi">994</span> <span class="mi">1996</span> <span class="mi">996</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="fprintf">fprintf</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: fprintf"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>fprintf를 이용하면 텍스트와 수치값을 화면에 표시하거나 저장할 수 있습니다. 출력 형식도 따로 지정 가능합니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Hello World \n\n'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c">% 작은 따옴표 안에 \n을 입력하면 줄바꿈합니다.</span> <span class="nb">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Hi'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>pop2.m으로 저장한 뒤 실행하면 결과는 다음과 같이 나옵니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">pop2</span> <span class="n">Hello</span> <span class="n">World</span> <span class="n">Hi</span><span class="o">>></span> </pre></div> <p>문자열과 함께 숫자를 나타내려면 다음과 같이 합니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">90000</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nb">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'The population is %i. \n'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>이것을 pop3.m이라 하고 실행하면, </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">pop3</span> <span class="n">The</span> <span class="n">population</span> <span class="n">is</span> <span class="mf">90000.</span> <span class="o">>></span> </pre></div> <p>즉, 작은 따옴표 안에 % 적힌 부분에 숫자가 들어갑니다. 여기서 나오는 숫자는 반드시 fprintf의 괄호 안 끝에 쉼표(,)를 찍어서 순서대로 나열해주어야 합니다. %다음에 오는 알파벳이나 숫자는 출력 형식을 지정합니다. 예시에서 사용된 %i는 정수 형태로 표시하라는 것입니다. </p><p>출력 데이터 형식은 다음과 같이 지정할 수 있습니다. </p> <ul><li>%e : 소문자 e를 이용한 지수 표시법</li> <li>%E : 대문자 E를 이용한 지수 표시법</li> <li>%f : 고정 소수점 표시법</li> <li>%g : e 표기법과 f 표기법 중 더 짧은 쪽으로 표시</li> <li>%G : E 표기법과 f 표기법 중 더 짧은 쪽으로 표시</li> <li>%i : 정수로 표시</li></ul> <p>소수점의 수도 지정해줄 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, %7.3f 라고 한다면 소수점을 포함한 일곱 자리의 수로 나타내는데, 소수점 이하 자리수는 세 자리로 나타내는 것을 의미합니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mf">905.3664949</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nb">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'The population is %7.3f. \n'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>pop4.m으로 저장한 뒤 실행하면, </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">pop4</span> <span class="n">The</span> <span class="n">population</span> <span class="n">is</span> <span class="mf">905.366</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="fprintf를_이용해_출력_값_저장하기"><span id="fprintf.EB.A5.BC_.EC.9D.B4.EC.9A.A9.ED.95.B4_.EC.B6.9C.EB.A0.A5_.EA.B0.92_.EC.A0.80.EC.9E.A5.ED.95.98.EA.B8.B0"></span>fprintf를 이용해 출력 값 저장하기</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: fprintf를 이용해 출력 값 저장하기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>fprintf, fopen, fclose를 이용해 출력값을 텍스트 파일로 저장할 수 있습니다. 우선 fid라는 변수에 fopen('파일명', '권한 지정') 함수를 이용해 fid에 연 파일을 넣어줍니다. 그 다음, fid에 fprintf를 이용해 값을 적어준 후, fclose(fid)를 통해 파일을 닫아주면 됩니다. </p><p>이때 '권한 지정' 변수는 세 가지가 있는데, 기본값은 'r'입니다. </p> <ul><li>'r' : 읽기 위해 파일을 연다.</li> <li>'w' : 쓰기 위해 파일을 연다. 파일이 이미 존재하면, 파일 내용이 삭제된다. 파일이 존재하지 않으면 새 파일을 생성한다.</li> <li>'a' : 파일이 존재하는 경우 출력 값이 파일 끝에 이어서 출력된다. 나머지는 'w'와 같다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">fid</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">fopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'testfile.txt'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'w'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'This is the %i st message \n'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nb">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'This is the %i nd message \n'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nb">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'This is the %i rd message \n'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nb">fclose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fid</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <p>이와같이 test.m 스크립트를 만들고 실행하면, 같은 경로에 testfile.txt가 생기며, 내용은 다음과 같이 나옵니다. </p> <pre>This is the 1 st message This is the 2 nd message This is the 3 rd message </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="관계_연산자"><span id=".EA.B4.80.EA.B3.84_.EC.97.B0.EC.82.B0.EC.9E.90"></span>관계 연산자</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 관계 연산자"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matlab에서 조건문을 사용할 때 자주 쓰이는 것이 관계 연산자입니다. 관계 연산자를 통해 조건의 참, 거짓을 구분합니다. 참은 1, 거짓은 0입니다. </p> <ul><li>< : 우변보다 작은가</li> <li>> : 우변보다 큰가</li> <li><= : 우변보다 작거나 같은가</li> <li>>= : 우변보다 크거나 같은가</li> <li>== : 우변과 같은가</li> <li>~= : 우변과 같지 않은가</li></ul> <p>주의할 점은, 수학에서 하듯이, 3<x<5와 같이 연속으로 나열하면 안 된다는 것입니다. 이렇게 하기 위해선 논리 연산자를 같이 사용해야 합니다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="논리_연산자"><span id=".EB.85.BC.EB.A6.AC_.EC.97.B0.EC.82.B0.EC.9E.90"></span>논리 연산자</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 논리 연산자"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>논리 연산자는 세 가지가 있습니다. 이 역시 조건문을 사용할 때 자주 쓰입니다. </p> <ul><li>& : And. A&B가 있다고 할 때, A와 B가 모두 참(1)이면 1이고, 둘 중 하나라도 거짓(0)이면 0. GNU Octave에서도 동작하나, 경고 메시지가 나오지 않게 하려면 &&를 씁니다. Matlab에서도 &&를 사용할 수 있습니다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>| : Or. A|B가 있다고 할 때, A와 B 중 하나 이상이 참(1)이면 1이고, 둘 다 거짓(0)이면 0</li> <li>~ : Not. ~A가 있다고 할 때, A가 참(1)이면 0을, 거짓(0)이면 1</li></ul> <p>관계 연산자에서 주의점으로 든 3<x<5를 Matlab에서 나타내려면 3<x & x<5와 같이 써주어야 합니다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="조건문"><span id=".EC.A1.B0.EA.B1.B4.EB.AC.B8"></span>조건문</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 조건문"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matlab에서의 조건문은 if, elseif, else의 세 가지 유형이 있습니다. 조건문의 마지막에는 end를 붙여주어야 합니다. if는 가장 처음에 오고, elseif는 if의 조건에 맞지 않는 경우 다시 새로운 조건으로 검토하게 합니다. else는 if나 elseif에서 걸러지지 않은 경우들을 일괄적으로 처리합니다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="반복문"><span id=".EB.B0.98.EB.B3.B5.EB.AC.B8"></span>반복문</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 반복문"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matlab에서의 반복문은 for-end와, while-end가 있습니다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="for-end">for-end</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: for-end"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>for를 사용하면 인덱스로 사용하는 변수가 증가하는 동안, 여러번 반복 계산을 할 수 있습니다. for문에서도 마찬가지로 마지막에 end를 붙여줍니다. 예를 들면 다음과 같습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="c">% k라는 인덱스 변수가 a부터 시작해서 b씩 증가하면서 c가 될 때까지 반복 계산</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="k">end</span> </pre></div> <dl><dt>예제 1</dt></dl> <p>for 문을 이용해서 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1^{2}+4^{2}+7^{2}+10^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>4</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>7</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1^{2}+4^{2}+7^{2}+10^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e989c668112c83aa155415db905fef3c1d7ce17c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:18.55ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1^{2}+4^{2}+7^{2}+10^{2}}"></span>를 계산하시오. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">S</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="n">S</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">k</span>^<span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="n">S</span> </pre></div> <p>for_ex1.m으로 저장했을 때 출력은 다음과 같습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">for_ex1</span> <span class="n">S</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">166</span> </pre></div> <dl><dt>예제 2</dt></dl> <p>for 문을 이용해서 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {k}{2^{k}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>k</mi> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {k}{2^{k}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fee6a39c7053b8ed9d42fcf6a5e55cb7a0fd90f6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:6.829ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {k}{2^{k}}}}"></span>를 구하는 스크립트를 작성하고, n=5에 대해 실행해 보아라. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">S</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'n?'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">S</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span>^<span class="n">k</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="n">S</span> </pre></div> <p>for_ex2.m으로 저장했을 때 출력은 다음과 같습니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">for_ex2</span> <span class="n">n</span>?<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="n">S</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">1.7812</span> </pre></div> <dl><dt>예제 3</dt></dl> <p>벡터 V = [5, 17, -3, 8, 0, -7, 12, 15, 20, -6, 6, 4, 2, 16]일 때, 양수이면서 3이나 5로 나누어 떨어지는 원소는 0으로 바꾸고, 음수이면서 -5보다 큰 원소는 1을 더해주는 스크립트를 만들어라. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">V</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="nb">length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">></span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">rem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nb">rem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">>-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)=</span><span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="n">V</span> </pre></div> <p>for_ex3.m으로 저장 후 실행하면, </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">for_ex3</span> <span class="n">V</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">17</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">16</span> <span class="n">V</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">17</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">16</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="while-end">while-end</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: while-end"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>while-end문은 조건식이 틀리지 않는 한, 명령을 반복하는 반복문입니다. for-end와 마찬가지로 마지막에 end를 넣어주어야 합니다. </p> <dl><dt>예제 1</dt></dl> <p>x=1부터 시작할 때, x가 10보다 작다면 계속 x를 세 배씩 증가시키는 스크립트를 작성하여라. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">end</span> </pre></div> <p>while_ex1.m으로 저장 후 실행하면 </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">while_ex1</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">27</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="사용자_정의_함수"><span id=".EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9.EC.9E.90_.EC.A0.95.EC.9D.98_.ED.95.A8.EC.88.98"></span>사용자 정의 함수</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 사용자 정의 함수"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>사용자 정의 함수란, Matlab 내에서 내장함수처럼 사용할 수 있는, 사용자가 만든 임의의 함수를 말합니다. 형식은 다음과 같습니다. </p> <pre>function [output_arguments] = function_name(input_arguments) </pre> <p>[output_arguments]에는 출력 인자들을, function_name은 만들 사용자 함수의 이름을 적어주면 되고, input_arguments에는 입력해주어야 하는 인자들을 넣어줍니다. 주의점은 m파일을 저장할 때 파일명을 function_name으로 해주어야 한다는 것입니다. </p> <dl><dt>예제</dt></dl> <p><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%94%A8" class="extiw" title="w:화씨">화씨</a> 온도를 섭씨 온도로 바꾸어주는 사용자 정의 함수를 만들어봅니다. 스크립트 편집기를 띄우고 다음과 같이 입력한 뒤, FtoC.m으로 저장해봅니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span>C<span class="p">=</span><span class="nf">FtoC</span><span class="p">(</span>F<span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <p>다시 Command Window로 돌아가서 변환하고 싶은 화씨온도를 함수에 입력해봅니다. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">FtoC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">ans</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">93.333</span> <span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">FtoC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">ans</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">37.778</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="feval">feval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: feval"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>스크립트 내에서 feval(f, a)를 사용하면, 함수 f에 a값을 대입한 결과를 구할 수 있습니다. 주로 다음에 설명하는 익명함수와 함께 쓰입니다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="익명함수"><span id=".EC.9D.B5.EB.AA.85.ED.95.A8.EC.88.98"></span>익명함수</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 익명함수"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>익명함수는 function이 들어가는 별도의 m파일을 만들지 않고, Command window에서 임시로 사용할 함수를 지정하는 것입니다. 형식은 다음과 같습니다. </p> <pre>name = @(입력 인자) 수학식 </pre> <p>예를 들어 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}-x^{2}+1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}-x^{2}+1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/087d5ee86e0674317dd2e6e55a79a5165cfbfd6a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.127ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=x^{3}-x^{2}+1}"></span>라는 함수를 익명함수로 만든다면 </p> <pre>f = @(x) x.^3 - x.^2 + 1 </pre> <p>이라고 한 뒤에, 예를 들어 f(1)을 계산하고자 한다면 </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">ans</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> </pre></div> <p>이렇게 해주면 됩니다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=15" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://kr.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/logicaloperatorsshortcircuit.html">https://kr.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/logicaloperatorsshortcircuit.html</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_자료"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EC.9E.90.EB.A3.8C"></span>참고 자료</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matlab/%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&section=16" title="부분 편집: 참고 자료"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>충북대 수치해석 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