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href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Overview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 List of works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Citations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Citations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Citations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dante Alighieri</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 187 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-187" aria-hidden="true" > 187 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигиери – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Данте Алигиери" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B4_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8A%E1%8C%8A%E1%8B%AC%E1%88%AA" title="ዳንቴ አሊጊዬሪ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዳንቴ አሊጊዬሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="दान्ते ऐलिगिरी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="दान्ते ऐलिगिरी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="دانتي أليغييري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دانتي أليغييري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A7_%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A7%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Տանթէ Ալիկիէրի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տանթէ Ալիկիէրի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="ডাণ্টে এলিগিয়েৰি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডাণ্টে এলিগিয়েৰি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="दान्ते ऐलिगिरी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="दान्ते ऐलिगिरी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1nte_Aligi%C3%A9ri" title="Dánte Aligiéri – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Dánte Aligiéri" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигйери – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Данте Алигйери" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Aligyeri" title="Dante Aligyeri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dante Aligyeri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A6_%D8%A2%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دانتئ آلیقیئری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دانتئ آلیقیئری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="দান্তে আলিগিয়েরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দান্তে আলিগিয়েরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дантэ Аліг’еры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дантэ Аліг’еры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дантэ Аліг’еры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дантэ Аліг’еры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87" title="दांते – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दांते" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante" title="Dante – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dante" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигиери – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Данте Алигиери" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏན་ཐེ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏན་ཐེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Ντάντε Αλιγκέρι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντάντε Αλιγκέρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دانته آلیگیری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانته آلیگیری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_degli_Alighieri" title="Dante degli Alighieri – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dante degli Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%81" title="但丁 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="但丁" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%ED%85%8C_%EC%95%8C%EB%A6%AC%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC" title="단테 알리기에리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단테 알리기에리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A5_%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Դանթե Ալիգիերի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դանթե Ալիգիերի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="दांते एलीगियरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दांते एलीगियरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99" title="דנטה אליגיירי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דנטה אליגיירי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="დანტე ალიგიერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დანტე ალიგიერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dantes_Alagherius" title="Dantes Alagherius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dantes Alagherius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Aligj%C4%93ri" title="Dante Aligjēri – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dante Aligjēri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante" title="Dante – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dante" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Ardigh%C3%AA" title="Dante Ardighê – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Dante Ardighê" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dant_Ligher" title="Dant Ligher – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dant Ligher" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="दान्ते ऐलिगिरी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दान्ते ऐलिगिरी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигиери – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Данте Алигиери" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="ദാന്തെ അലിഗ്യേരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദാന്തെ അലിഗ്യേരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="दांते अलिघियेरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दांते अलिघियेरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="დანტე ალიგიერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დანტე ალიგიერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89" title="دانتى اليجييرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دانتى اليجييرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигери – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Данте Алигери" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="दान्ते अलिघिएरी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दान्ते अलिघिएरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AE%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA" title="ダンテ・アリギエーリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダンテ・アリギエーリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Aligyeri" title="Dante Aligyeri – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dante Aligyeri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਦਾਂਤੇ ਆਲੀਗੀਏਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਾਂਤੇ ਆਲੀਗੀਏਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%92" title="دانتے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دانتے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="دانتې الیگيري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دانتې الیگيري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81_%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ដានតេ អាលីគីអេរី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ដានតេ អាលីគីអេរី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Aligyeri" title="Dante Aligyeri – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dante Aligyeri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D2%91%D1%94%D1%80%D1%96" title="Данте Аліґєрі – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Данте Аліґєрі" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигиери – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Данте Алигиери" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱰᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱟᱞᱤᱜᱷᱤᱭᱮᱨᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱰᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱟᱞᱤᱜᱷᱤᱭᱮᱨᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Aligieri" title="Dante Aligieri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dante Aligieri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danti_Alighieri" title="Danti Alighieri – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Danti Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8E_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دانتێ ئەلیگیێری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دانتێ ئەلیگیێری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигијери – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Данте Алигијери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="டான்டே அலிகியேரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டான்டே அலிகியேரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ดันเต อาลีกีเอรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดันเต อาลีกีเอรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Данте Алигьери" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%27%D1%94%D1%80%D1%96" title="Данте Аліг'єрі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Данте Аліг'єрі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دانتے الیگیری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دانتے الیگیری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante" title="Dante – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dante" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Aligjeri" title="Dante Aligjeri – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Dante Aligjeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alighieri_Dante" title="Alighieri Dante – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Alighieri Dante" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%B8%B9" title="唐丹 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="唐丹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99" title="דאנטע אליגערי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאנטע אליגערי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%90%89%E8%80%B6%E9%87%8C" title="但丁·阿利吉耶里 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="但丁·阿利吉耶里" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Dante Alighieri" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dant%C4%97" title="Dantė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dantė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%90%89%E8%80%B6%E9%87%8C" title="但丁·阿利吉耶里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="但丁·阿利吉耶里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alighieri_Dante" title="Alighieri Dante – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Alighieri Dante" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> </ul> 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian poet, writer, and philosopher (1265–1321)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dante" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dante_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dante (disambiguation)">Dante (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Dante Alighieri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_de_Dante.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Posthumous portrait in tempera by Sandro Botticelli, 1495"><img alt="head-and-chest side portrait of Dante in red and white coat and cowl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Portrait_de_Dante.jpg/220px-Portrait_de_Dante.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Portrait_de_Dante.jpg/330px-Portrait_de_Dante.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Portrait_de_Dante.jpg/440px-Portrait_de_Dante.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1519" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posthumous" class="extiw" title="wikt:posthumous">Posthumous</a> portrait in <a href="/wiki/Tempera" title="Tempera">tempera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a>, 1495</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri<a href="#cite_note-baptized-1">[a]</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> May 1265<a href="#cite_note-auto-2">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">(1321-09-14)September 14, 1321 (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 56) <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Dante" title="Tomb of Dante">Tomb of Dante</a>, Ravenna</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Statesman</li><li>poet</li><li>language theorist</li><li><a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theorist</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Italian (<a href="/wiki/Tuscan_dialect" title="Tuscan dialect">Tuscan</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Florentine Republic">Florentine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Dolce_Stil_Novo" title="Dolce Stil Novo">Dolce Stil Novo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Donati" title="Gemma Donati">Gemma Donati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">4, including <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Alighieri" title="Jacopo Alighieri">Jacopo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alighiero_di_Bellincione" title="Alighiero di Bellincione">Alighiero di Bellincione</a> (father)</li><li>Bella (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Dante Alighieri (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Italian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈdante aliˈɡjɛːri]</a>; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;<a href="#cite_note-baptized-1">[a]</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> May 1265 – September 14, 1321), widely known <a href="/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym">mononymously</a> as Dante,<a href="#cite_note-6">[b]</a> was an Italian<a href="#cite_note-8">[c]</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_poetry" title="Italian poetry">poet</a>, writer, and philosopher.<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a> His <a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a>, originally called Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) and later christened Divina by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a> is widely considered one of the most important poems of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and the greatest literary work in the Italian language.<a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2014xiii-12">[9]</a> Dante is known for establishing the use of the <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> in literature at a time when most poetry was written in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, which was accessible only to educated readers. His <a href="/wiki/De_vulgari_eloquentia" title="De vulgari eloquentia">De vulgari eloquentia</a> (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was one of the first scholarly defenses of the vernacular. His use of the <a href="/wiki/Florentine_dialect" title="Florentine dialect">Florentine dialect</a> for works such as <a href="/wiki/La_Vita_Nuova" title="La Vita Nuova">The New Life</a> (1295) and Divine Comedy helped establish the modern-day standardized Italian language. By writing his poem in the Italian vernacular rather than in Latin, Dante influenced the course of literary development, making Italian the literary language in western Europe for several centuries.<a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a> His work set a precedent that important Italian writers such as <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boccaccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a> would later follow. Dante was instrumental in establishing the literature of Italy, and is considered to be among the country's <a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poets</a> and the Western world's greatest literary icons.<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> His depictions of <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purgatorio" title="Purgatorio">Purgatory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Heaven</a> provided inspiration for the larger body of <a href="/wiki/Western_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Western art">Western art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_literature" title="Western literature">literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> He influenced English writers such as <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred Tennyson</a>, among many others. In addition, the first use of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme, or the <a href="/wiki/Terza_rima" title="Terza rima">terza rima</a>, is attributed to him. He is described as the "father" of the Italian language,<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> and in Italy he is often referred to as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian literature. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_di_dante_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Casa_di_dante_01.JPG/220px-Casa_di_dante_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Casa_di_dante_01.JPG/330px-Casa_di_dante_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Casa_di_dante_01.JPG/440px-Casa_di_dante_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Dante's house museum in Florence. The house has been significantly altered since Dante's time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbero202279-19">[16]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bargello_-_Kapelle_Fresko_2a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bargello_-_Kapelle_Fresko_2a.jpg/170px-Bargello_-_Kapelle_Fresko_2a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bargello_-_Kapelle_Fresko_2a.jpg/255px-Bargello_-_Kapelle_Fresko_2a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bargello_-_Kapelle_Fresko_2a.jpg/340px-Bargello_-_Kapelle_Fresko_2a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Alleged Dante portrait attributed to <a href="/wiki/Giotto_di_Bondone" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto di Bondone">Giotto</a>, in the chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Bargello" title="Bargello">Bargello</a> palace, Florence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata20166-20">[17]</a> It was painted <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1335 and has been restored.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a></figcaption></figure> Dante was born in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a>, in what is now Italy. The exact date of his birth is unknown, although it is believed to be around May 1265.<a href="#cite_note-dbi-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata20163-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETook202128-24">[21]</a> This can be deduced from <a href="/wiki/Autobiographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographical">autobiographic</a> <a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">allusions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a>. Its first section, the <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a>, begins, "Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon the journey of our life"), implying that Dante was around 35 years old, since the average lifespan according to the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and since his imaginary travel to the netherworld took place in 1300, he was most probably born around 1265. Some verses of the Paradiso section of the Divine Comedy also provide a possible clue that he was born under the sign of <a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a>: "As I revolved with the eternal twins, I saw revealed, from hills to river outlets, the threshing-floor that makes us so ferocious" (XXII  151–154). In 1265, the sun was in Gemini between approximately May 11 and June 11 (<a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>).<a href="#cite_note-auto-2">[1]</a> Dante claimed that his family descended from the ancient Romans (Inferno, XV, 76), but the earliest relative he could mention by name was his great-great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Cacciaguida" title="Cacciaguida">Cacciaguida</a> degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), born no earlier than about 1100. Dante's father was <a href="/wiki/Alighiero_di_Bellincione" title="Alighiero di Bellincione">Alighiero di Bellincione</a>, a businessman and moneylender,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201621-25">[22]</a> and Dante's mother was Bella, probably a member of the Abati family, a noble Florentine family.<a href="#cite_note-Trecc-26">[23]</a> She died when Dante was not yet ten years old. Alighiero soon married again, to Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi. It is uncertain whether he really married her, since widowers were socially limited in such matters, but she definitely bore him two children, Dante's half-brother Francesco and half-sister Tana (Gaetana).<a href="#cite_note-Trecc-26">[23]</a> During Dante's time, most Northern Italian city states were split into two political factions: the <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs</a>, who supported the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papacy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Ghibellines</a>, who supported the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw201414-27">[24]</a> Dante's family was loyal to the Guelphs. The Ghibellines took over Florence at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montaperti" title="Battle of Montaperti">Battle of Montaperti</a> in 1260, forcing out many of the Guelphs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201614-28">[25]</a> Although Dante's family were Guelphs, they suffered no reprisals after the battle, probably because of Alighiero's low public standing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201619-29">[26]</a> The Guelphs later fought the Ghibellines again in 1266 at the Battle of Benevento, retaking Florence from the Ghibellines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201614-28">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw201414-27">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_alighieri,_Palazzo_dei_Giudici.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dante_alighieri%2C_Palazzo_dei_Giudici.jpg/180px-Dante_alighieri%2C_Palazzo_dei_Giudici.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dante_alighieri%2C_Palazzo_dei_Giudici.jpg/270px-Dante_alighieri%2C_Palazzo_dei_Giudici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dante_alighieri%2C_Palazzo_dei_Giudici.jpg/360px-Dante_alighieri%2C_Palazzo_dei_Giudici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Dante, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1375–1406, from a fresco in the Palazzo dei Giudici, Florence<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata20166-20">[17]</a></figcaption></figure> Dante said he first met <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Portinari" title="Beatrice Portinari">Beatrice Portinari</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Folco_Portinari" title="Folco Portinari">Folco Portinari</a>, when he was nine (she was eight),<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> and he claimed to have fallen in love with her "<a href="/wiki/Love_at_first_sight" title="Love at first sight">at first sight</a>", apparently without even talking with her.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> When he was 12, however, he was promised in marriage to <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Donati" title="Gemma Donati">Gemma di Manetto Donati</a>, daughter of Manetto Donati, member of the powerful Donati family.<a href="#cite_note-Trecc-26">[23]</a> Contracting marriages for children at such an early age was quite common and involved a formal ceremony, including contracts signed before a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_notary" title="Civil law notary">notary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trecc-26">[23]</a> Dante claimed to have seen Beatrice again frequently after he turned 18, exchanging greetings with her in the streets of Florence, though he never knew her well.<a href="#cite_note-jmdent-32">[29]</a> Years after his marriage to Gemma, he claims to have met Beatrice again; he wrote several sonnets to Beatrice but never mentioned Gemma in any of his poems. He refers to other Donati relations, notably Forese and Piccarda, in his Divine Comedy. The exact date of his marriage is not known; the only certain information is that, before his exile in 1301, he had fathered three children with Gemma (Pietro, <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Alighieri" title="Jacopo Alighieri">Jacopo</a> and Antonia).<a href="#cite_note-Trecc-26">[23]</a> Dante fought with the Guelph cavalry at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campaldino" title="Battle of Campaldino">Battle of Campaldino</a> (June 11, 1289).<a href="#cite_note-Davenport2005-33">[30]</a> This victory brought about a reformation of the Florentine constitution. To take part in public life, one had to enroll in one of the city's many commercial or artisan guilds, so Dante entered the Physicians' and Apothecaries' Guild.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> His name is occasionally recorded as speaking or voting in the councils of the republic. Many minutes from such meetings between 1298 and 1300 were lost, so the extent of his participation is uncertain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_poetry">Education and poetry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and poetry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DanteFresco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/DanteFresco.jpg/130px-DanteFresco.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/DanteFresco.jpg/195px-DanteFresco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/DanteFresco.jpg/260px-DanteFresco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="3661" /></a><figcaption>Mural of Dante in the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a>, Florence, by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_del_Castagno" title="Andrea del Castagno">Andrea del Castagno</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1450</figcaption></figure> Not much is known about Dante's education; he presumably studied at home or in a chapter school attached to a church or monastery in Florence. It is known that he studied <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscan</a> poetry and that he admired the compositions of the Bolognese poet <a href="/wiki/Guido_Guinizelli" title="Guido Guinizelli">Guido Guinizelli</a>—in Purgatorio XXVI he characterized him as his "father"—at a time when the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_School" title="Sicilian School">Sicilian School</a> (Scuola poetica Siciliana), a cultural group from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, was becoming known in Tuscany. He also discovered the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Provençal</a> poetry of the <a href="/wiki/Troubadours" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubadours">troubadours</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a>, and the Latin writers of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> Dante's interactions with Beatrice set an example of so-called <a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">courtly love</a>, a phenomenon developed in French and Provençal poetry of prior centuries. Dante's experience of such love was typical, but his expression of it was unique. It was in the name of this love that Dante left his imprint on the <a href="/wiki/Dolce_stil_nuovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolce stil nuovo">dolce stil nuovo</a> ("sweet new style", a term that Dante himself coined), and he would join other contemporary poets and writers in exploring never-before-emphasized aspects of love. Love for Beatrice (as <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> would express for Laura somewhat differently) would be his reason for writing poetry and for living, together with political passions. In many of his poems, she is depicted as semi-divine, watching over him constantly and providing spiritual instruction, sometimes harshly. When Beatrice died in 1290, Dante sought refuge in Latin literature.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Convivio" title="Convivio">Convivio</a> chronicles his having read <a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Consolation_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Consolation of Philosophy">De consolatione philosophiae</a> and Cicero's <a href="/wiki/De_Amicitia" class="mw-redirect" title="De Amicitia">De Amicitia</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_and_beatrice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dante_and_beatrice.jpg/220px-Dante_and_beatrice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dante_and_beatrice.jpg/330px-Dante_and_beatrice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dante_and_beatrice.jpg/440px-Dante_and_beatrice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dante_and_Beatrice_(painting)" title="Dante and Beatrice (painting)">Dante and Beatrice</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holiday" title="Henry Holiday">Henry Holiday</a>, inspired by <a href="/wiki/La_Vita_Nuova" title="La Vita Nuova">La Vita Nuova</a>, 1883</figcaption></figure> He next dedicated himself to philosophical studies at religious schools like the Dominican one in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Novella" title="Santa Maria Novella">Santa Maria Novella</a>. He took part in the disputes that the two principal <a href="/wiki/Mendicant_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendicant order">mendicant</a> orders (<a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a>) publicly or indirectly held in Florence, the former explaining the doctrines of the mystics and of St. <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a>, the latter expounding on the theories of St. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jmdent-32">[29]</a> At around the age of 18, Dante met <a href="/wiki/Guido_Cavalcanti" title="Guido Cavalcanti">Guido Cavalcanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapo_Gianni" title="Lapo Gianni">Lapo Gianni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cino_da_Pistoia" title="Cino da Pistoia">Cino da Pistoia</a> and, soon after, <a href="/wiki/Brunetto_Latini" title="Brunetto Latini">Brunetto Latini</a>; together they became the leaders of the dolce stil nuovo. Brunetto later received special mention in the Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) for what he had taught Dante: "Nor speaking less on that account I go With Ser Brunetto, and I ask who are his most known and most eminent companions".<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> Some fifty poetical commentaries by Dante are known (the so-called <a href="/wiki/The_Rime" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rime">Rime</a>, rhymes), others being included in the later Vita Nuova and Convivio. Other studies are reported, or deduced from Vita Nuova or the Comedy, regarding painting and music.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Florence_and_politics">Florence and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Florence and politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Dante_Alighieri_(Uffizi).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Statue_of_Dante_Alighieri_%28Uffizi%29.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Dante_Alighieri_%28Uffizi%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Statue_of_Dante_Alighieri_%28Uffizi%29.jpg/225px-Statue_of_Dante_Alighieri_%28Uffizi%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Statue_of_Dante_Alighieri_%28Uffizi%29.jpg/300px-Statue_of_Dante_Alighieri_%28Uffizi%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3844" data-file-height="6398" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Dante at the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a></figcaption></figure> Dante, like most Florentines of his day, was embroiled in the <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelph–Ghibelline conflict</a>. He fought in the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with the Florentine Guelphs against <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a> Ghibellines;<a href="#cite_note-Davenport2005-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-DASM-38">[35]</a> he fought as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feditore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feditore (page does not exist)">feditore</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/feditore" class="extiw" title="it:feditore">it</a>], responsible for the first attack.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201662-39">[36]</a> To further his political career, he obtained admission to the Guild of Physicians and Apothecaries around 1295.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201695-40">[37]</a> He likely joined the guild due to association between philosophy and medicine,<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw201417-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETook202147-43">[40]</a> but also may have joined as apothecaries were also booksellers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbero2022138-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201678-45">[42]</a> His guild membership allowed him to hold public office in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw201417-42">[39]</a> As a politician, he held various offices over some years in a city rife with political unrest. After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided into two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led by Vieri dei Cerchi—and the Black Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), led by <a href="/wiki/Corso_Donati" title="Corso Donati">Corso Donati</a>. Although the split was along family lines at first, ideological differences arose based on opposing views of the papal role in Florentine affairs. The Blacks supported the Pope and the Whites wanted more freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled the Blacks. In response, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a> planned a military occupation of Florence. In 1301, <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Valois">Charles of Valois</a>, brother of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a>, was expected to visit Florence because the Pope had appointed him as peacemaker for Tuscany. But the city's government had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks before, seeking independence from papal influence. It was believed Charles had received other unofficial instructions, so the council sent a delegation that included Dante to Rome to persuade the Pope not to send Charles to Florence.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile_from_Florence">Exile from Florence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Exile from Florence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_Alighieri_Florence_Firenze_JBU01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dante_Alighieri_Florence_Firenze_JBU01.JPG/150px-Dante_Alighieri_Florence_Firenze_JBU01.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dante_Alighieri_Florence_Firenze_JBU01.JPG/225px-Dante_Alighieri_Florence_Firenze_JBU01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dante_Alighieri_Florence_Firenze_JBU01.JPG/300px-Dante_Alighieri_Florence_Firenze_JBU01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2969" data-file-height="3959" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Dante" title="Monument to Dante">Statue of Dante</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Santa_Croce" title="Piazza Santa Croce">Piazza Santa Croce</a> in Florence, <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Pazzi" title="Enrico Pazzi">Enrico Pazzi</a>, 1865</figcaption></figure> Pope Boniface quickly dismissed the other delegates and asked Dante alone to remain in Rome. At the same time (November 1, 1301), Charles of Valois entered Florence with the Black Guelphs, who in the next six days destroyed much of the city and killed many of their enemies. A new Black Guelph government was installed, and <a href="/wiki/Cante_dei_Gabrielli" title="Cante dei Gabrielli">Cante dei Gabrielli</a> da <a href="/wiki/Gubbio" title="Gubbio">Gubbio</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/Podest%C3%A0" title="Podestà">podestà</a> of the city. In March 1302, Dante, a White Guelph by affiliation, along with the <a href="/wiki/Gherardini_family" title="Gherardini family">Gherardini family</a>, was condemned to exile for two years and ordered to pay a large fine.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> Dante was accused of corruption and financial wrongdoing by the Black Guelphs for the time that Dante was serving as city prior (Florence's highest position) for two months in 1300.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison201536–37-49">[46]</a> The poet was still in Rome in 1302, as the Pope, who had backed the Black Guelphs, had "suggested" that Dante stay there. Florence under the Black Guelphs, therefore, considered Dante an absconder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison201536-50">[47]</a> Dante did not pay the fine, in part because he believed he was not guilty and in part because all his assets in Florence had been seized by the Black Guelphs. He was condemned to perpetual exile; if he had returned to Florence without paying the fine, he could have been burned at the stake. (In June 2008, nearly seven centuries after his death, the city council of Florence passed a motion rescinding Dante's sentence.)<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> In 1306–07, Dante was a guest of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moroello_Malaspina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moroello Malaspina (page does not exist)">Moroello Malaspina</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroello_Malaspina" class="extiw" title="it:Moroello Malaspina">it</a>] in the region of <a href="/wiki/Lunigiana" title="Lunigiana">Lunigiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa202024-52">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_Cotti_-_Dante_a_Verona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Antonio_Cotti_-_Dante_a_Verona.jpg/220px-Antonio_Cotti_-_Dante_a_Verona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Antonio_Cotti_-_Dante_a_Verona.jpg/330px-Antonio_Cotti_-_Dante_a_Verona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Antonio_Cotti_-_Dante_a_Verona.jpg/440px-Antonio_Cotti_-_Dante_a_Verona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1803" /></a><figcaption>Dante in Verona, by Antonio Cotti, 1879</figcaption></figure> Dante took part in several attempts by the White Guelphs to regain power, but these failed due to treachery. Bitter at the treatment he received from his enemies, he grew disgusted with the infighting and ineffectiveness of his former allies and vowed to become a party of one. He went to <a href="/wiki/Verona,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona, Italy">Verona</a> as a guest of <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_I_della_Scala" title="Bartolomeo I della Scala">Bartolomeo I della Scala</a>, then moved to <a href="/wiki/Sarzana" title="Sarzana">Sarzana</a> in Liguria. Later he is supposed to have lived in <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> with a woman named Gentucca. She apparently made his stay comfortable (and he later gratefully mentioned her in Purgatorio, XXIV, 37).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016208-53">[50]</a> Some speculative sources claim he visited Paris between 1308 and 1310, and other sources even less trustworthy say he went to <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>; these claims, first made in <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a>'s book on Dante several decades after his death, seem inspired by readers who were impressed with the poet's wide learning and erudition. Evidently, Dante's command of philosophy and his literary interests deepened in exile and when he was no longer busy with the day-to-day business of Florentine domestic politics, and this is evidenced in his prose writings in this period. There is no real evidence that he ever left Italy. Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante to Henry VII of Luxembourg confirms his residence "beneath the springs of Arno, near Tuscany" in April 1311.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016249-54">[51]</a> In 1310, Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> marched into Italy at the head of 5,000 troops. Dante saw in him a new <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> who would restore the office of the Holy Roman Emperor to its former glory and also retake Florence from the Black Guelphs. He wrote to Henry and several Italian princes, demanding that they destroy the Black Guelphs.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> Mixing religion and private concerns in his writings, he invoked the worst anger of God against his city and suggested several particular targets, who were also his personal enemies. It was during this time that he wrote <a href="/wiki/De_Monarchia" class="mw-redirect" title="De Monarchia">De Monarchia</a>, proposing a <a href="/wiki/Universal_monarchy" title="Universal monarchy">universal monarchy</a> under Henry VII.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_Luca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dante_Luca.jpg/220px-Dante_Luca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dante_Luca.jpg/330px-Dante_Luca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dante_Luca.jpg/440px-Dante_Luca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Dante Alighieri, detail from <a href="/wiki/Luca_Signorelli" title="Luca Signorelli">Luca Signorelli</a>'s fresco in the Chapel of San Brizio, <a href="/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral" title="Orvieto Cathedral">Orvieto Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> At some point during his exile, he conceived of the Comedy, but the date is uncertain. The work is much more assured and on a larger scale than anything he had written in Florence; it is likely he would have undertaken such a work only after he realized his political ambitions, which had been central to him up to his banishment, had been halted for some time, possibly forever. It is also noticeable that Beatrice has returned to his imagination with renewed force and with a wider meaning than in the Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1304–07) he had declared that the memory of this youthful romance belonged to the past.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> An early indication that the poem was underway is a notice by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_da_Barberino" title="Francesco da Barberino">Francesco da Barberino</a>, tucked into his Documenti d'Amore (Lessons of Love), probably written in 1314 or early 1315. Francesco notes that Dante followed the <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> in a poem called "Comedy" and that the setting of this poem (or part of it) was the underworld; i.e., hell.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> The brief note gives no incontestable indication that Barberino had seen or read even the Inferno, or that this part had been published at the time, but it indicates composition was well underway and that the sketching of the poem might have begun some years before. (It has been suggested that a knowledge of Dante's work also underlies some of the illuminations in Francesco da Barberino's earlier Officiolum [c. 1305–08], a manuscript that came to light in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a>) It is known that the Inferno had been published by 1317; this is established by quoted lines interspersed in the margins of contemporary dated records from <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, but there is no certainty as to whether the three parts of the poem were each published in full or, rather, a few cantos at a time. Paradiso was likely finished before he died, but it may have been published posthumously.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016339-60">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_to_Dante_(Verona).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Monument_to_Dante_%28Verona%29.jpg/150px-Monument_to_Dante_%28Verona%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Monument_to_Dante_%28Verona%29.jpg/225px-Monument_to_Dante_%28Verona%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Monument_to_Dante_%28Verona%29.jpg/300px-Monument_to_Dante_%28Verona%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4721" data-file-height="7000" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Dante in Verona</figcaption></figure> In 1312, Henry assaulted Florence and defeated the Black Guelphs, but there is no evidence that Dante was involved. Some say he refused to participate in the attack on his city by a foreigner; others suggest that he had become unpopular with the White Guelphs, too, and that any trace of his passage had carefully been removed. Henry VII died (from a fever) in 1313 and with him any hope for Dante to see Florence again. He returned to Verona, where <a href="/wiki/Cangrande_I_della_Scala" title="Cangrande I della Scala">Cangrande I della Scala</a> allowed him to live in certain security and, presumably, in a fair degree of prosperity. Cangrande was admitted to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, XVII, 76).<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> During the period of his exile, Dante corresponded with Dominican theologian Fr. Nicholas Brunacci (1240–1322), who had been a student of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> at the Santa Sabina studium in Rome, later at Paris,<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Albert_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert the Great">Albert the Great</a> at the Cologne studium.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> Brunacci became lector at the Santa Sabina studium, forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas</a>, and later served in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_curia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman curia">papal curia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> In 1315, Florence was forced by <a href="/wiki/Uguccione_della_Faggiuola" title="Uguccione della Faggiuola">Uguccione della Faggiuola</a> (the military officer controlling the town) to grant an amnesty to those in exile, including Dante. But for this, Florence required public penance in addition to payment of a high fine. Dante refused, preferring to remain in exile. When Uguccione defeated Florence, Dante's death sentence was commuted to house arrest, on condition that he go to Florence to swear he would never enter the town again. He refused to go, and his death sentence was confirmed and extended to his sons.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> Despite this, he still hoped late in life that he might be invited back to Florence on honorable terms, particularly in praise of his poetry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016333–334-66">[63]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and burial">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:314px;max-width:314px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante%27s_tomb_(Ravenna)_-_Facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dante%27s_tomb_%28Ravenna%29_-_Facade.jpg/141px-Dante%27s_tomb_%28Ravenna%29_-_Facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dante%27s_tomb_%28Ravenna%29_-_Facade.jpg/212px-Dante%27s_tomb_%28Ravenna%29_-_Facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dante%27s_tomb_%28Ravenna%29_-_Facade.jpg/282px-Dante%27s_tomb_%28Ravenna%29_-_Facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4846" data-file-height="7694" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_Alieghri_tomb_in_Ravenna_(interior).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dante_Alieghri_tomb_in_Ravenna_%28interior%29.jpg/165px-Dante_Alieghri_tomb_in_Ravenna_%28interior%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dante_Alieghri_tomb_in_Ravenna_%28interior%29.jpg/248px-Dante_Alieghri_tomb_in_Ravenna_%28interior%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dante_Alieghri_tomb_in_Ravenna_%28interior%29.jpg/330px-Dante_Alieghri_tomb_in_Ravenna_%28interior%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="4496" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Dante's tomb exterior and interior in Ravenna, built in 1780</div></div></div></div> Dante's final days were spent in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, where he had been invited to stay in the city in 1318 by its prince, <a href="/wiki/Guido_II_da_Polenta" title="Guido II da Polenta">Guido II da Polenta</a>. Dante died in Ravenna on September 14, 1321, aged about 56, of <a href="/wiki/Quartan_malaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartan malaria">quartan malaria</a> contracted while returning from a diplomatic mission to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>. He was attended by his three children, and possibly by <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Donati" title="Gemma Donati">Gemma Donati</a>, and by friends and admirers he had in the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa202023–24,_27,_28–30-67">[64]</a> He was buried in Ravenna at the Church of San Pier Maggiore (later called <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Francesco,_Ravenna" title="Basilica of San Francesco, Ravenna">Basilica di San Francesco</a>). <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bembo" title="Bernardo Bembo">Bernardo Bembo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor">praetor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, erected <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Dante" title="Tomb of Dante">a tomb for him</a> in 1483.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> On the grave, a verse of <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Canaccio" title="Bernardo Canaccio">Bernardo Canaccio</a>, a friend of Dante, is dedicated to Florence: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> parvi Florentia mater amoris </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> Florence, mother of little love </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 1329, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_du_Pouget" title="Bertrand du Pouget">Bertrand du Pouget</a>, Cardinal and nephew of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a>, classified Dante's Monarchia as heretical and sought to have his bones burned at the stake. <a href="/wiki/Ostasio_I_da_Polenta" title="Ostasio I da Polenta">Ostasio I da Polenta</a> and Pino della Tosa, allies of Pouget, interceded to prevent the destruction of Dante's remains.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa202038-70">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante.deathmask.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dante.deathmask.jpg/180px-Dante.deathmask.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dante.deathmask.jpg/270px-Dante.deathmask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dante.deathmask.jpg/360px-Dante.deathmask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Recreated death mask of Dante in Palazzo Vecchio, Florence</figcaption></figure> Florence eventually came to regret having exiled Dante. The city made repeated requests for the return of his remains. The custodians of the body in Ravenna refused, at one point going so far as to conceal the bones in a false wall of the monastery. Florence built a tomb for Dante in 1829, in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Croce_di_Firenze" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze">Basilica of Santa Croce</a>. That tomb has been empty ever since, with Dante's body remaining in Ravenna. The front of his tomb in Florence reads Onorate l'altissimo poeta — which roughly translates as "Honor the most exalted poet" and is a quote from the fourth canto of the Inferno.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> In 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">fascist government</a> discussed bringing Dante's remains to the <a href="/wiki/Valtellina_Redoubt" title="Valtellina Redoubt">Valtellina Redoubt</a>, the Alpine valley in which the regime intended to make its last stand against the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. The case was made that "the greatest symbol of Italianness" should be present at fascism's "heroic" end, but ultimately, no action was taken.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa2020244–245-72">[69]</a> A copy of Dante's so-called death mask has been displayed since 1911 in the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Palazzo Vecchio</a>; scholars today believe it is not a true death mask and was probably carved in 1483, perhaps by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Lombardo" title="Pietro Lombardo">Pietro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tullio_Lombardo" title="Tullio Lombardo">Tullio Lombardo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_Euro_Italia_Dante.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2_Euro_Italia_Dante.jpg/150px-2_Euro_Italia_Dante.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2_Euro_Italia_Dante.jpg/225px-2_Euro_Italia_Dante.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2_Euro_Italia_Dante.jpg/300px-2_Euro_Italia_Dante.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="1645" /></a><figcaption>Dante on the national side of the Italian 2 euro coin</figcaption></figure> The first formal biography of Dante was the Vita di Dante (also known as Trattatello in laude di Dante), written after 1348 by Giovanni Boccaccio.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Although several statements and episodes of it have been deemed unreliable on the basis of modern research, an earlier account of Dante's life and works had been included in the <a href="/wiki/Nuova_Cronica" title="Nuova Cronica">Nuova Cronica</a> of the Florentine chronicler <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Villani" title="Giovanni Villani">Giovanni Villani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> Some 16th-century English Protestants, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Bale" title="John Bale">John Bale</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Foxe" title="John Foxe">John Foxe</a>, argued that Dante was a <a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">proto-Protestant</a> because of his opposition to the pope.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> The 19th century saw a "Dante revival", a product of the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval revival">medieval revival</a>, which was itself an important aspect of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a> profiled him in "The Hero as Poet", the third lecture in <a href="/wiki/On_Heroes,_Hero-Worship,_%26_the_Heroic_in_History" title="On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History">On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History</a> (1841): "He is world-great not because he is worldwide, but because he is world-deep… Dante is the spokesman of the Middle Ages; the Thought they lived by stands here, in everlasting music."<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hunt" title="Leigh Hunt">Leigh Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Francis_Cary" title="Henry Francis Cary">Henry Francis Cary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a> were among Dante's translators of the era. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_Park_td_(2019-06-18)_18_-_Dante_Alighieri_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dante_Park_td_%282019-06-18%29_18_-_Dante_Alighieri_Statue.jpg/220px-Dante_Park_td_%282019-06-18%29_18_-_Dante_Alighieri_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dante_Park_td_%282019-06-18%29_18_-_Dante_Alighieri_Statue.jpg/330px-Dante_Park_td_%282019-06-18%29_18_-_Dante_Alighieri_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dante_Park_td_%282019-06-18%29_18_-_Dante_Alighieri_Statue.jpg/440px-Dante_Park_td_%282019-06-18%29_18_-_Dante_Alighieri_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Dante at <a href="/wiki/Dante_Park" title="Dante Park">Dante Park</a> in Manhattan, New York City</figcaption></figure> Italy's first dreadnought battleship was completed in 1913 and named <a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Dante_Alighieri" title="Italian battleship Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> in honor of him.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> On April 30, 1921, in honor of the 600th anniversary of Dante's death, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> promulgated an encyclical named <a href="/wiki/In_praeclara_summorum" title="In praeclara summorum">In praeclara summorum</a>, naming Dante as one "of the many celebrated geniuses of whom the Catholic faith can boast" and the "pride and glory of humanity".<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Busto_de_Dante_Alighieri_(detalle),_en_el_Parque_La_Alameda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Busto_de_Dante_Alighieri_%28detalle%29%2C_en_el_Parque_La_Alameda.jpg/145px-Busto_de_Dante_Alighieri_%28detalle%29%2C_en_el_Parque_La_Alameda.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Busto_de_Dante_Alighieri_%28detalle%29%2C_en_el_Parque_La_Alameda.jpg/217px-Busto_de_Dante_Alighieri_%28detalle%29%2C_en_el_Parque_La_Alameda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Busto_de_Dante_Alighieri_%28detalle%29%2C_en_el_Parque_La_Alameda.jpg/289px-Busto_de_Dante_Alighieri_%28detalle%29%2C_en_el_Parque_La_Alameda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Dante by Luigi Casadio<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> at <a href="/wiki/La_Alameda_Park,_Quito" title="La Alameda Park, Quito">La Alameda Park</a>, donated in 1922 by the Italian community of <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a></figcaption></figure> On December 7, 1965, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> promulgated the Latin <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated to Dante's figure and poetry.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> In that year, the pope also donated a golden iron <a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry#History" title="Crosses in heraldry">Greek Cross</a> to Dante's burial site in Ravenna, on the occasion of the 700th anniversary of his birth.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> The same cross was blessed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> in October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> In 2007, a reconstruction of Dante's face was undertaken in a collaborative project. Artists from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a> and forensic engineers at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a> at <a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a> constructed the model, portraying Dante's features as somewhat different from what was once thought.<a href="#cite_note-nosejob-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> In 2008, the Municipality of Florence officially apologized for expelling Dante 700 years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> In May 2021, a symbolic re-trial was held virtually in Florence to posthumously clear his name.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> A celebration was held in 2015 at Italy's <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> for the 750th anniversary of Dante's birth. It included a commemoration from Pope Francis, who also issued the apostolic letter <a href="/wiki/Cando_lucis_aeternae" title="Cando lucis aeternae">Cando lucis aeternae</a> in honor of the anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Dante_Alighieri" title="Category:Works by Dante Alighieri">Category:Works by Dante Alighieri</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alighieri_-_Divina_Commedia,_Nel_mille_quatro_cento_septe_et_due_nel_quarto_mese_adi_cinque_et_sei_-_2384293_id00022000_Scan00006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alighieri_-_Divina_Commedia%2C_Nel_mille_quatro_cento_septe_et_due_nel_quarto_mese_adi_cinque_et_sei_-_2384293_id00022000_Scan00006.jpg/170px-Alighieri_-_Divina_Commedia%2C_Nel_mille_quatro_cento_septe_et_due_nel_quarto_mese_adi_cinque_et_sei_-_2384293_id00022000_Scan00006.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alighieri_-_Divina_Commedia%2C_Nel_mille_quatro_cento_septe_et_due_nel_quarto_mese_adi_cinque_et_sei_-_2384293_id00022000_Scan00006.jpg/255px-Alighieri_-_Divina_Commedia%2C_Nel_mille_quatro_cento_septe_et_due_nel_quarto_mese_adi_cinque_et_sei_-_2384293_id00022000_Scan00006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alighieri_-_Divina_Commedia%2C_Nel_mille_quatro_cento_septe_et_due_nel_quarto_mese_adi_cinque_et_sei_-_2384293_id00022000_Scan00006.jpg/340px-Alighieri_-_Divina_Commedia%2C_Nel_mille_quatro_cento_septe_et_due_nel_quarto_mese_adi_cinque_et_sei_-_2384293_id00022000_Scan00006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption>Divina Commedia (1472)</figcaption></figure> Most of Dante's literary work was composed after his exile in 1301. <a href="/wiki/La_Vita_Nuova" title="La Vita Nuova">La Vita Nuova</a> ("The New Life") is the only major work that predates it; it is a collection of lyric poems (sonnets and songs) with commentary in prose, ostensibly intended to be circulated in manuscript form, as was customary for such poems.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> It also contains, or constructs, the story of his love for Beatrice Portinari, who later served as the ultimate symbol of salvation in the Comedy, a function already indicated in the final pages of the Vita Nuova. The work contains many of Dante's love poems in Tuscan, which was not unprecedented; the vernacular had been regularly used for lyric works before, during all the thirteenth century. However, Dante's commentary on his own work is also in the vernacular—both in the Vita Nuova and in the Convivio—instead of the Latin that was almost universally used.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Hell</a> (Inferno), <a href="/wiki/Purgatorio" title="Purgatorio">Purgatory</a> (Purgatorio), and <a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradise</a> (Paradiso); he is first guided by the Roman poet Virgil and then by Beatrice. Of the books, Purgatorio is arguably the most lyrical of the three, referring to more contemporary poets and artists than Inferno; Paradiso is the most heavily theological, and the one in which, many scholars have argued, the Divine Comedy's most beautiful and mystic passages appear.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> With its seriousness of purpose, its literary stature and the range—both stylistic and thematic—of its content, the Comedy soon became a cornerstone in the evolution of Italian as an established literary language. Dante was more aware than most early Italian writers of the variety of Italian dialects and of the need to create a literature and a unified literary language beyond the limits of Latin writing at the time; in that sense, he is a forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, with its effort to create vernacular literature in competition with earlier classical writers. Dante's in-depth knowledge (within the limits of his time) of Roman antiquity, and his evident admiration for some aspects of pagan Rome, also point forward to the 15th century. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domenico_di_Michelino_-_Dante_Illuminating_Florence_with_his_Poem_(detail)_-_WGA06423.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Domenico_di_Michelino_-_Dante_Illuminating_Florence_with_his_Poem_%28detail%29_-_WGA06423.jpg/220px-Domenico_di_Michelino_-_Dante_Illuminating_Florence_with_his_Poem_%28detail%29_-_WGA06423.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Domenico_di_Michelino_-_Dante_Illuminating_Florence_with_his_Poem_%28detail%29_-_WGA06423.jpg/330px-Domenico_di_Michelino_-_Dante_Illuminating_Florence_with_his_Poem_%28detail%29_-_WGA06423.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Domenico_di_Michelino_-_Dante_Illuminating_Florence_with_his_Poem_%28detail%29_-_WGA06423.jpg/440px-Domenico_di_Michelino_-_Dante_Illuminating_Florence_with_his_Poem_%28detail%29_-_WGA06423.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Dante, poised between the mountain of purgatory and the city of Florence, displays the <a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">incipit</a> Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita in a detail of <a href="/wiki/Domenico_di_Michelino" title="Domenico di Michelino">Domenico di Michelino</a>'s painting, Florence, 1465.</figcaption></figure> He wrote the Comedy in a language he called "Italian", in some sense an amalgamated literary language predominantly based on the regional dialect of Tuscany, but with some elements of Latin and other regional dialects.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-101">[98]</a> He deliberately aimed to reach a readership throughout Italy including laymen, clergymen and other poets. By creating a poem of epic structure and philosophic purpose, he established that the Italian language was suitable for the highest sort of expression. In French, Italian is sometimes nicknamed la langue de Dante. Publishing in the vernacular language marked Dante as one of the first in Roman Catholic Western Europe (among others such as <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> and Giovanni Boccaccio) to break free from standards of publishing in only Latin (the language of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgy</a>, history and scholarship in general, but often also of lyric poetry). This break set a precedent and allowed more literature to be published for a wider audience, setting the stage for greater levels of literacy in the future. However, unlike Boccaccio, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Ariosto" title="Ludovico Ariosto">Ariosto</a>, Dante did not really become an author read across Europe until the Romantic era. To the Romantics, Dante, like <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, was a prime example of the "original genius" who set his own rules, created persons of overpowering stature and depth, and went beyond any imitation of the patterns of earlier masters; and who, in turn, could not truly be imitated.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Throughout the 19th century, Dante's reputation grew and solidified; and by 1865, the 600th anniversary of his birth, he had become established as one of the greatest literary icons of the Western world.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafael_Flores_-_Dante_y_Virgilio_visitando_el_Infierno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rafael_Flores_-_Dante_y_Virgilio_visitando_el_Infierno.jpg/170px-Rafael_Flores_-_Dante_y_Virgilio_visitando_el_Infierno.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rafael_Flores_-_Dante_y_Virgilio_visitando_el_Infierno.jpg/255px-Rafael_Flores_-_Dante_y_Virgilio_visitando_el_Infierno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rafael_Flores_-_Dante_y_Virgilio_visitando_el_Infierno.jpg/340px-Rafael_Flores_-_Dante_y_Virgilio_visitando_el_Infierno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Dante and <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> visiting Hell, as depicted in <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a>, painted by Rafael Flores, 1855</figcaption></figure> New readers often wonder how such a serious work may be called a "comedy". In the <a href="/wiki/Comedy#Etymology" title="Comedy">classical sense</a> the word comedy refers to works that reflect belief in an ordered universe, in which events tend toward not only a happy or amusing ending but one influenced by a Providential will that orders all things to an ultimate good. By this meaning of the word, as Dante himself allegedly wrote in <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Cangrande" title="Epistle to Cangrande">a letter to Cangrande</a>, the progression of the pilgrimage from Hell to Paradise is the paradigmatic expression of comedy, since the work begins with the pilgrim's moral confusion and ends with the vision of God.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> A number of other works are credited to Dante. Convivio ("The Banquet")<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> is a collection of his longest poems with an (unfinished) allegorical commentary. Monarchia ("Monarchy")<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> is a summary treatise of political philosophy in Latin which was condemned and burned after Dante's death<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> by the Papal Legate <a href="/wiki/Bertrando_del_Poggetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertrando del Poggetto">Bertrando del Poggetto</a>; it argues for the necessity of a universal or global monarchy to establish universal peace in this life, and this monarchy's relationship to the Roman Catholic Church as guide to eternal peace.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/De_vulgari_eloquentia" title="De vulgari eloquentia">De vulgari eloquentia</a> ("On the Eloquence in the Vernacular")<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> is a treatise on vernacular literature, partly inspired by the Razos de trobar of <a href="/wiki/Raimon_Vidal_de_Bezaudun" title="Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun">Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> Quaestio de aqua et terra ("A Question of the Water and of the Land") is a theological work discussing the arrangement of Earth's dry land and ocean. The <a href="/wiki/Eclogues_(Dante)" title="Eclogues (Dante)">Eclogues</a> are two poems addressed to the poet Giovanni del Virgilio. Dante is also sometimes credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a series of sonnets summarizing <a href="/wiki/Le_Roman_de_la_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Roman de la Rose">Le Roman de la Rose</a>, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), a short narrative poem also based on Le Roman de la Rose. These would be the earliest, and most novice, of his known works.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Le_Rime" title="Le Rime">Le Rime</a> is a posthumous collection of miscellaneous poems. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_works">List of works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of works">edit</a>]</div> The major works of Dante's are the following.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> <ul><li>Il Fiore and Detto d'Amore ("The Flower" and "Tale of Love", 1283–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vita_Nuova" title="La Vita Nuova">La Vita Nuova</a> ("The New Life", 1294)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_vulgari_eloquentia" title="De vulgari eloquentia">De vulgari eloquentia</a> ("On the Eloquence in the Vernacular", 1302–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convivio" title="Convivio">Convivio</a> ("The Banquet", 1307)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a> ("Monarchy", 1313)</li> <li>Divine Comedy (1320)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclogues_(Dante)" title="Eclogues (Dante)">Eclogues</a> (1320)</li> <li>Quaestio de aqua et terra ("A Question of the Water and of the Land", 1320)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rime" title="Le Rime">Le Rime</a> ("The Rhymes")</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 183.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Purgatory_(Purgatorio).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré"><img alt="Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Purgatory_%28Purgatorio%29.jpg/275px-Purgatory_%28Purgatorio%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Purgatory_%28Purgatorio%29.jpg/413px-Purgatory_%28Purgatorio%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Purgatory_%28Purgatorio%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="477" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Dore_XIV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré"><img alt="Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gustave_Dore_XIV.jpg/273px-Gustave_Dore_XIV.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gustave_Dore_XIV.jpg/409px-Gustave_Dore_XIV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gustave_Dore_XIV.jpg/545px-Gustave_Dore_XIV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="952" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradise_(Paradiso)_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré"><img alt="Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Paradise_%28Paradiso%29_II.jpg/270px-Paradise_%28Paradiso%29_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Paradise_%28Paradiso%29_II.jpg/406px-Paradise_%28Paradiso%29_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Paradise_%28Paradiso%29_II.jpg/541px-Paradise_%28Paradiso%29_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="952" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collections">Collections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Collections">edit</a>]</div> Dante's works reside in cultural institutions across the world. Many items have been digitized or are available for public consultation. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_di_Dante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa di Dante (page does not exist)">Dante's House Museum</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_di_Dante" class="extiw" title="it:Casa di Dante">it</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy) opened in Dante's residence in 1965 and was refurbished in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Library" title="Princeton University Library">Princeton University Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, USA) holds 160 volumes of Dante's works and books about his life, including two 15th-century editions of the Divine Comedy.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> Special Collections (London, UK) holds <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3000 volumes of material by and about Dante, including 36 editions of the Divine Comedy. The collection was bequeathed to the university by the scholar <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clark_Barlow" title="Henry Clark Barlow">Henry Clark Barlow</a> in 1876.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Beinecke_Rare_Book_%26_Manuscript_Library" title="Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library">Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Library" title="Yale University Library">Yale University Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, USA) holds a manuscript edition of the Divine Comedy (c. 1385–1400).<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society" title="Dante Alighieri Society">Dante Alighieri Society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-baptized-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baptized_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-baptized_1-1">b</a> Italian pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[duˈrante dj aliˈɡjɛːro deʎʎ aliˈɡjɛːri]</a>. The name 'Dante' is understood to be a <a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">hypocorism</a> of the name 'Durante', though no document known to survive from Dante's lifetime refers to him as 'Durante' (including his own writings). A document prepared for Dante's son <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Alighieri" title="Jacopo Alighieri">Jacopo</a> refers to "Durante, often called Dante". He may have been named for his maternal grandfather Durante degli Abati.<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> English pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈdɑːnteɪ, ˈdænteɪ, ˈdænti/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">DA(H)N-tay, DAN-tee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Though an <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Italian nation state</a> had yet to be established, the Latin equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Italians#Name" title="Italians">term Italian</a> (italus) had been in use for natives of <a href="/wiki/Italian_geographical_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian geographical region">the region</a> since antiquity.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1">b</a> His birth date is listed as "probably in the end of May" by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hollander" title="Robert Hollander">Robert Hollander</a> in "Dante" in <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="Dictionary of the Middle Ages">Dictionary of the Middle Ages</a>, volume  4. According to <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a>, the poet said he was born in May. See "Alighieri, Dante" in the Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGorni2009" class="citation book cs1">Gorni, Guglielmo (2009). "Nascita e anagrafe di Dante". Dante: storia di un visionario. Rome: Gius. Laterza & Figli. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788858101742" title="Special:BookSources/9788858101742"><bdi>9788858101742</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nascita+e+anagrafe+di+Dante&rft.btitle=Dante%3A+storia+di+un+visionario&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Gius.+Laterza+%26+Figli&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788858101742&rft.aulast=Gorni&rft.aufirst=Guglielmo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dante">"Dante"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190909003610/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dante">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Dante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fdante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Dante">"Dante"</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182015/https://www.lexico.com/definition/dante">"Dante"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Dante">the original</a> on March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dante&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FDante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistulae_(Pliny)" title="Epistulae (Pliny)">Letters</a> 9.23. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWetherbeeAleksander2018" class="citation book cs1">Wetherbee, Winthrop; Aleksander, Jason (April 30, 2018). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/dante/">The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2018-04-30&rft.aulast=Wetherbee&rft.aufirst=Winthrop&rft.au=Aleksander%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Ffall2018%2Fentries%2Fdante%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hutton_(writer)" title="Edward Hutton (writer)">Hutton, Edward</a> (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/46722">Giovanni Boccaccio, a Biographical Study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204011955/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/46722">Archived</a> February 4, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom, Harold</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westerncanonbook00bloo">The Western Canon</a>. Riverhead Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781573225144" title="Special:BookSources/9781573225144"><bdi>9781573225144</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Western+Canon&rft.pub=Riverhead+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781573225144&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwesterncanonbook00bloo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2014xiii-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw2014xiii_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShaw2014">Shaw 2014</a>, p. xiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinones2023" class="citation web cs1">Quinones, Ricardo J. (May 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dante-Alighieri">"Dante Alighieri – Biography, Poems, & Facts"</a>. Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407152317/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dante-Alighieri">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Dante+Alighieri+%E2%80%93+Biography%2C+Poems%2C+%26+Facts&rft.date=2023-05-09&rft.aulast=Quinones&rft.aufirst=Ricardo+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FDante-Alighieri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatheson2012" class="citation book cs1">Matheson, Lister M. (2012). Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints. Greenwood Pub Group. p. 244.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Rulers%2C+Writers%2C+Rebels%2C+and+Saints&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Greenwood+Pub+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Matheson&rft.aufirst=Lister+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaller2012" class="citation book cs1">Haller, Elizabeth K. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rETxD8KcnUIC&pg=PA244">"Dante Alighieri"</a>. In Matheson, Lister M. (ed.). Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34080-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34080-2"><bdi>978-0-313-34080-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dante+Alighieri&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Rulers%2C+Writers%2C+Rebels%2C+and+Saints&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34080-2&rft.aulast=Haller&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrETxD8KcnUIC%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2003" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Charles A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanaccomplishm00murr">Human accomplishment: the pursuit of excellence in the arts and sciences, 800 B.C. to 1950</a> (1st ed.). New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019247-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019247-1"><bdi>978-0-06-019247-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52047270">52047270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+accomplishment%3A+the+pursuit+of+excellence+in+the+arts+and+sciences%2C+800+B.C.+to+1950&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52047270&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019247-1&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanaccomplishm00murr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarańskiGilson2018" class="citation book cs1">Barański, Zygmunt G.; Gilson, Simon, eds. (2018). The Cambridge Companion to Dante's 'Commedia'. Cambridge University Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108421294" title="Special:BookSources/9781108421294"><bdi>9781108421294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Dante%27s+%27Commedia%27&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781108421294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raicultura.it/amp/letteratura/eventi/Alla-Casa-di-Dante-a-Roma-si-celebra-il-Sommo-Poeta-a4f07cba-5d75-4e16-bca2-e514b9c87c41.html">"Alla "Casa di Dante" a Roma si celebra il Sommo Poeta"</a> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alla+%22Casa+di+Dante%22+a+Roma+si+celebra+il+Sommo+Poeta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raicultura.it%2Famp%2Fletteratura%2Feventi%2FAlla-Casa-di-Dante-a-Roma-si-celebra-il-Sommo-Poeta-a4f07cba-5d75-4e16-bca2-e514b9c87c41.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbero202279-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarbero202279_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarbero2022">Barbero 2022</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata20166-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata20166_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata20166_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGombrich1979" class="citation journal cs1">Gombrich, E. H. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.com/stable/879612">"Giotto's Portrait of Dante?"</a>. The Burlington Magazine. 121 (917): 471–483 – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Magazine&rft.atitle=Giotto%27s+Portrait+of+Dante%3F&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=917&rft.pages=471-483&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Gombrich&rft.aufirst=E.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.com%2Fstable%2F879612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dbi-22"><a href="#cite_ref-dbi_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChimenz1960" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chimenz, Siro A. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dante-alighieri_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/">"Alighieri, Dante"</a>. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 2. Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220317041529/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dante-alighieri_(Dizionario-Biografico)/">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alighieri%2C+Dante&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani&rft.pub=Istituto+dell%27Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Chimenz&rft.aufirst=Siro+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fdante-alighieri_%2528Dizionario-Biografico%2529%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata20163-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata20163_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETook202128-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETook202128_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTook2021">Took 2021</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201621-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata201621_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-Trecc-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trecc_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trecc_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trecc_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trecc_26-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trecc_26-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChimenz2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chimenz, S.A (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dante-alighieri_(Dizionario-Biografico)/">"Alighieri, Dante"</a>. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Italiana">Enciclopedia Italiana</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014bea..book...56.">2014bea..book...56.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308070357/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dante-alighieri_(Dizionario-Biografico)/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alighieri%2C+Dante&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani&rft.pub=Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014bea..book...56.&rft.aulast=Chimenz&rft.aufirst=S.A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fdante-alighieri_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw201414-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw201414_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw201414_27-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFShaw2014">Shaw 2014</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201614-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata201614_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata201614_28-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201619-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata201619_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.florenceinferno.com/beatrice-portinari/">"Beatrice and Dante Alighieri > A Love Story"</a>. December 14, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113235750/https://www.florenceinferno.com/beatrice-portinari/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beatrice+and+Dante+Alighieri+%3E+A+Love+Story&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.florenceinferno.com%2Fbeatrice-portinari%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlighieri2013" class="citation book cs1">Alighieri, Dante (2013). Delphi Complete Works of Dante Alighieri. Vol. 6 (Illustrated ed.). Delphi Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-909496-19-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-909496-19-4"><bdi>978-1-909496-19-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delphi+Complete+Works+of+Dante+Alighieri&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Delphi+Classics&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-909496-19-4&rft.aulast=Alighieri&rft.aufirst=Dante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jmdent-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jmdent_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jmdent_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlighieri1904" class="citation book cs1">Alighieri, Dante (1904). Philip Henry Wicksteed, Herman Oelsner (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paradisoofdantea00dantrich">The Paradiso of Dante Alighieri</a> (fifth ed.). J.M. Dent and Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paradisoofdantea00dantrich/page/129">129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Paradiso+of+Dante+Alighieri&rft.pages=129&rft.edition=fifth&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+and+Company&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Alighieri&rft.aufirst=Dante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fparadisoofdantea00dantrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davenport2005-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davenport2005_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davenport2005_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2005" class="citation book cs1">Davenport, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWWKW15MjqMC&pg=PA53">Dante: Poet, Author, and Proud Florentine</a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0415-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0415-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-0415-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%3A+Poet%2C+Author%2C+and+Proud+Florentine&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0415-7&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWWKW15MjqMC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdi_Serego_AlighieriCapaccioli2022" class="citation book cs1">di Serego Alighieri, Sperello; Capaccioli, Massimo (2022). The Sun and the other Stars of Dante Alighieri. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811246227" title="Special:BookSources/9789811246227"><bdi>9789811246227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sun+and+the+other+Stars+of+Dante+Alighieri&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing+Co.+Pte.+Ltd.&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9789811246227&rft.aulast=di+Serego+Alighieri&rft.aufirst=Sperello&rft.au=Capaccioli%2C+Massimo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/dante-alighieri">"Dante Alighieri"</a>. poets.org. Academy of American Poets. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417061211/https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/dante-alighieri">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=poets.org&rft.atitle=Dante+Alighieri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poets.org%2Fpoetsorg%2Fpoet%2Fdante-alighieri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNilsenDon_L.F._Nilsen2007" class="citation book cs1">Nilsen, Alleen Pace; Don L.F. Nilsen (2007). Names and Naming in Young Adult Literature. Scarecrow Studies in Young Adult Literature. Vol. 27. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6685-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6685-0"><bdi>978-0-8108-6685-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Names+and+Naming+in+Young+Adult+Literature&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.series=Scarecrow+Studies+in+Young+Adult+Literature&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6685-0&rft.aulast=Nilsen&rft.aufirst=Alleen+Pace&rft.au=Don+L.F.+Nilsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuud2008" class="citation book cs1">Ruud, Jay (2008). Critical Companion to Dante. Infobase Publishing. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0841-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0841-4"><bdi>978-1-4381-0841-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Companion+to+Dante&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0841-4&rft.aulast=Ruud&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DASM-38"><a href="#cite_ref-DASM_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151212042335/http://www.dantemass.org/html/guelphs-and-ghibellines.html">"Guelphs and Ghibellines"</a>. Dante Alighieri Society of Massachusetts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dantemass.org/html/guelphs-and-ghibellines.html">the original</a> on December 12, 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guelphs+and+Ghibellines&rft.pub=Dante+Alighieri+Society+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dantemass.org%2Fhtml%2Fguelphs-and-ghibellines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201662-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata201662_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201695-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata201695_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandorDumitrascuBojitaDumitrascu2022" class="citation journal cs1">Sandor, Vlaicu; Dumitrascu, Dinu I.; Bojita, Marius T.; Dumitrascu, Dan L. (April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9176311">"Medicine and Pharmacy in the Works of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)"</a>. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports. 95 (2): 218–224. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15386%2Fmpr-2451">10.15386/mpr-2451</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9176311">9176311</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35721038">35721038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medicine+and+Pharmacy+Reports&rft.atitle=Medicine+and+Pharmacy+in+the+Works+of+Dante+Alighieri+%281265%E2%80%931321%29&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=218-224&rft.date=2022-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9176311%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35721038&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15386%2Fmpr-2451&rft.aulast=Sandor&rft.aufirst=Vlaicu&rft.au=Dumitrascu%2C+Dinu+I.&rft.au=Bojita%2C+Marius+T.&rft.au=Dumitrascu%2C+Dan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9176311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw201417-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw201417_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw201417_42-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFShaw2014">Shaw 2014</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETook202147-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETook202147_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTook2021">Took 2021</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbero2022138-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarbero2022138_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarbero2022">Barbero 2022</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata201678-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata201678_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.nd.edu/~italnet/Dante/text/Chronology.html">"Chronology"</a>. Renaissance Dante in Print (1472–1629). University of Notre Dame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225174529/https://www3.nd.edu/~italnet/Dante/text/Chronology.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Renaissance+Dante+in+Print+%281472%E2%80%931629%29&rft.atitle=Chronology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nd.edu%2F~italnet%2FDante%2Ftext%2FChronology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElena_LombardiFrancesca_SoutherdenManuele_Gragnolati2021" class="citation book cs1">Elena Lombardi; Francesca Southerden; Manuele Gragnolati, eds. (2021). The Oxford Handbook of Dante. Oxford University Press. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198820741" title="Special:BookSources/9780198820741"><bdi>9780198820741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Dante&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780198820741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Dino_Compagni" title="Dino Compagni">Dino Compagni</a>, Cronica delle cose occorrenti ne' tempi suoi </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison201536–37-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison201536–37_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2015">Harrison 2015</a>, pp. 36–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison201536-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison201536_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrison2015">Harrison 2015</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2008" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Malcolm (June 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080622172200/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2145378/Dante%27s-infernal-crimes-forgiven.html">"Dante's infernal crimes forgiven"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2145378/Dante%27s-infernal-crimes-forgiven.html">the original</a> on June 22, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Dante%27s+infernal+crimes+forgiven&rft.date=2008-06-17&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fhowaboutthat%2F2145378%2FDante%2527s-infernal-crimes-forgiven.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa202024-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaffa202024_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRaffa2020">Raffa 2020</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016208-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata2016208_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 208. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016249-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata2016249_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 249. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Latham, Charles S.; Carpenter, George R. (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/translationofdan00dant">A Translation of Dante’s Eleven Letters</a>. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin. pp. 269–282. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Carroll, John S. (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAd8Kp0gmoUC">Exiles of Eternity: An Exposition of Dante's Inferno</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164811/https://books.google.com/books?id=uAd8Kp0gmoUC">Archived</a> March 26, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. London: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. xlviii–l. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickstool1903" class="citation book cs1">Wickstool, Philip Henry (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/convivioofdantea00dantiala/page/4/mode/2up">The Convivio of Dante Alighieri</a>. London : J. M. Dent and co. p. 5. <q>And in that I spoke before entrance on the prime of manhood, and in this when I had already passed the same.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Convivio+of+Dante+Alighieri&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=London+%3A+J.+M.+Dent+and+co.&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Wickstool&rft.aufirst=Philip+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconvivioofdantea00dantiala%2Fpage%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/francesco-daccorso-tf/">Bookrags.com</a> and Tigerstedt, E.N. 1967, Dante; Tiden Mannen Verket (Dante; The Age, the Man, the Work), Bonniers, Stockholm, 1967. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertolo2003" class="citation web cs1">Bertolo, Fabio M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spolia.it/online/en/argomenti/letterature_romanze/filologia/2003/barberino.htm">"L'Officiolum ritrovato di Francesco da Barberino"</a>. Spolia – Journal of Medieval Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422231658/http://www.spolia.it/online/en/argomenti/letterature_romanze/filologia/2003/barberino.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spolia+%E2%80%93+Journal+of+Medieval+Studies&rft.atitle=L%27Officiolum+ritrovato+di+Francesco+da+Barberino&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Bertolo&rft.aufirst=Fabio+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spolia.it%2Fonline%2Fen%2Fargomenti%2Fletterature_romanze%2Ffilologia%2F2003%2Fbarberino.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016339-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata2016339_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 339. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205184530/https://www.dantealighieri.tk/paradiso/i-canti-di-cacciaguida/cangrande-della-scala/">"Cangrande della Scala – "Da molte stelle mi vien questa luce""</a> [Cangrande della Scala – "This light comes to me from many stars"]. dantealighieri.tk (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dantealighieri.tk/paradiso/i-canti-di-cacciaguida/cangrande-della-scala/">the original</a> on February 5, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dantealighieri.tk&rft.atitle=Cangrande+della+Scala+%E2%80%93+%22Da+molte+stelle+mi+vien+questa+luce%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dantealighieri.tk%2Fparadiso%2Fi-canti-di-cacciaguida%2Fcangrande-della-scala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brunacci.it/s--tommaso.html">"Le famiglie Brunacci"</a>. Brunacci.it. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224220400/http://www.brunacci.it/s--tommaso.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brunacci.it&rft.atitle=Le+famiglie+Brunacci&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brunacci.it%2Fs--tommaso.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarin2008" class="citation book cs1">Garin, Eugenio (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sVP3vBmDktQC&q=brunacci&pg=PA85">History of Italian Philosophy: VIBS</a>. Rodopi. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-2321-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-2321-5"><bdi>978-90-420-2321-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Italian+Philosophy%3A+VIBS&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-420-2321-5&rft.aulast=Garin&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsVP3vBmDktQC%26q%3Dbrunacci%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-theca.net/emiliopanella/lector12.htm">"The testimonies of the chronicles"</a>. E-theca.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324032825/http://www.e-theca.net/emiliopanella/lector12.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=E-theca.net&rft.atitle=The+testimonies+of+the+chronicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-theca.net%2Femiliopanella%2Flector12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurdeau2021" class="citation web cs1">Burdeau, Cain (May 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/dante-gets-a-bit-of-justice-700-years-after-his-death/">"Dante Gets a Bit of Justice, 700 Years After His Death"</a>. courthousenews.com. Courthouse News Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828040604/https://www.courthousenews.com/dante-gets-a-bit-of-justice-700-years-after-his-death/">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=courthousenews.com&rft.atitle=Dante+Gets+a+Bit+of+Justice%2C+700+Years+After+His+Death&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft.aulast=Burdeau&rft.aufirst=Cain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fdante-gets-a-bit-of-justice-700-years-after-his-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantagata2016333–334-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantagata2016333–334_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantagata2016">Santagata 2016</a>, p. 333–334. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa202023–24,_27,_28–30-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaffa202023–24,_27,_28–30_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRaffa2020">Raffa 2020</a>, pp. 23–24, 27, 28–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPirro2017" class="citation news cs1">Pirro, Deirdre (April 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theflorentine.net/2017/04/10/dante-ravenna-florence-battle-of-bones/">"Dante: the battle of the bones"</a>. The Florentine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430112703/https://www.theflorentine.net/2017/04/10/dante-ravenna-florence-battle-of-bones/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Florentine&rft.atitle=Dante%3A+the+battle+of+the+bones&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft.aulast=Pirro&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theflorentine.net%2F2017%2F04%2F10%2Fdante-ravenna-florence-battle-of-bones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italymagazine.com/news/dantes-tomb">"Italy Magazine, Dante's Tomb"</a>. italymagazine.com. October 31, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722190530/https://www.italymagazine.com/news/dantes-tomb">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=italymagazine.com&rft.atitle=Italy+Magazine%2C+Dante%27s+Tomb&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italymagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fdantes-tomb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa202038-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaffa202038_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRaffa2020">Raffa 2020</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhelan2019" class="citation news cs1">Phelan, Jessica (September 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.it/20190904/dantes-tomb-italy-ravenna-florence/">"Dante's last laugh: Why Italy's national poet isn't buried where you think he is"</a>. The Local Italy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608202220/https://www.thelocal.it/20190904/dantes-tomb-italy-ravenna-florence/">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local+Italy&rft.atitle=Dante%27s+last+laugh%3A+Why+Italy%27s+national+poet+isn%27t+buried+where+you+think+he+is.&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.aulast=Phelan&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.it%2F20190904%2Fdantes-tomb-italy-ravenna-florence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffa2020244–245-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaffa2020244–245_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRaffa2020">Raffa 2020</a>, pp. 244–245. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.florenceinferno.com/dante-death-mask/">"Dante death mask"</a>. florenceinferno.com. July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722194116/https://www.florenceinferno.com/dante-death-mask/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=florenceinferno.com&rft.atitle=Dante+death+mask&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.florenceinferno.com%2Fdante-death-mask%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04628a.htm">"Dante Alighieri"</a>. The Catholic Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819050159/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04628a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dante+Alighieri&rft.pub=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F04628a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVauchezDobsonLapidge2000" class="citation book cs1">Vauchez, André; Dobson, Richard Barrie; Lapidge, Michael (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 1517.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=1517&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Vauchez&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Dobson%2C+Richard+Barrie&rft.au=Lapidge%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar1989" class="citation book cs1">Caesar, Michael (1989). Dante, the Critical Heritage, 1314(?)–1870. London: Routledge. p. xi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%2C+the+Critical+Heritage%2C+1314%28%3F%29%E2%80%931870&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Caesar&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoswell1999" class="citation book cs1">Boswell, Jackson Campbell (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zfyxtVZVI_sC">Dante's Fame in England: References in Printed British Books, 1477–1640</a>. Newark: University of Delaware Press. p. xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-605-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-605-9"><bdi>0-87413-605-9</bdi></a>. <q>After John Foxe's enormously influential Ecclesiastical History Contayning the Actes and Monumentes was published (1570), Dante's role as a proto-Protestant was sealed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%27s+Fame+in+England%3A+References+in+Printed+British+Books%2C+1477%E2%80%931640&rft.place=Newark&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-87413-605-9&rft.aulast=Boswell&rft.aufirst=Jackson+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzfyxtVZVI_sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02681a.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Foxe's Book of Martyrs"</a>. www.newadvent.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113153616/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02681a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Foxe%27s+Book+of+Martyrs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F02681a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.online-literature.com/henry-augustin-beers/nineteenth-century-romanticism/3/">"19th Century: A History of English Romanticism by Henry Augustin Beers: Ch. 3: Keats, Leigh Hunt, and the Dante Revival"</a>. www.online-literature.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025924/http://www.online-literature.com/henry-augustin-beers/nineteenth-century-romanticism/3/">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.online-literature.com&rft.atitle=19th+Century%3A+A+History+of+English+Romanticism+by+Henry+Augustin+Beers%3A+Ch.+3%3A+Keats%2C+Leigh+Hunt%2C+and+the+Dante+Revival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.online-literature.com%2Fhenry-augustin-beers%2Fnineteenth-century-romanticism%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlyle1841" class="citation book cs1">Carlyle, Thomas (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1091/1091-h/1091-h.htm#link2H_4_0004">"Lecture III. The Hero as Poet. Dante: Shakspeare."</a>. On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023071731/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1091/1091-h/1091-h.htm#link2H_4_0004">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lecture+III.+The+Hero+as+Poet.+Dante%3A+Shakspeare.&rft.btitle=On+Heroes%2C+Hero-Worship%2C+and+the+Heroic+in+History&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Carlyle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F1091%2F1091-h%2F1091-h.htm%23link2H_4_0004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130150403/https://www.naval-encyclopedia.com/ww1/Italy/dante-alighieri">"Italian dreadnought battleship Dante Alighieri (1910)"</a>. naval encyclopedia. July 21, 2019. 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The Holy See. Retrieved November 7, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández_García2006" class="citation journal cs1">Fernández García, Ana María (2006). "Arte y artistas españoles en el Ecuador". LIÑO. 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Apuntes. 19 (2). 2006 – via Gale Academic OneFile.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apuntes&rft.atitle=Ecuador+en+el+Centenario+de+la+Independencia&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DAONE%26u%3Ded_itw%26id%3DGALE%257CA201610627%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19651207_altissimi-cantus.html">"Altissimi cantus"</a>. Vatican State (in Latin and Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321152229/http://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19651207_altissimi-cantus.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+State&rft.atitle=Altissimi+cantus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fpaul-vi%2Fla%2Fmotu_proprio%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19651207_altissimi-cantus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321150250/https://www.turismo.ra.it/cultura-e-storia/dante-alighieri-tomb/?lang=en">"Dante Alighieri's tomb"</a>. Ravenna. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismo.ra.it/cultura-e-storia/dante-alighieri-tomb/?lang=en">the original</a> on March 21, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dante+Alighieri%27s+tomb&rft.place=Ravenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismo.ra.it%2Fcultura-e-storia%2Fdante-alighieri-tomb%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/pope-francis-the-fascination-of-god-makes-its-powerful-attracti.html">"Pope Francis: The fascination of God makes its powerful attraction felt"</a>. Vatican News. October 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201016151611/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/pope-francis-the-fascination-of-god-makes-its-powerful-attracti.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis%3A+The+fascination+of+God+makes+its+powerful+attraction+felt&rft.date=2020-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2020-10%2Fpope-francis-the-fascination-of-god-makes-its-powerful-attracti.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPietracci2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pietracci, Sara (October 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ravennanotizie.it/0-copertina/2020/10/11/papa-francesco-annuncia-alla-delegazione-ravennate-la-preparazione-di-un-documento-pontificio-su-dante/">"Papa Francesco annuncia alla delegazione ravennate la preparazione di un documento pontificio su Dante"</a> [Pope Francis says to the delegation from Ravenna he his working to a pontifical document related to Dante] (in Italian). 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Retrieved September 2, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monarchia&rft.pub=Dante+online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danteonline.it%2Fenglish%2Fopere.asp%3Fidope%3D4%26idlang%3DUK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Anthony K. Cassell <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208162106/http://cuapress.cua.edu/BOOKS/viewbook.cfm?Book=CAMC">The Monarchia Controversy</a>. Monarchia stayed on the <a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a> from its inception until 1881. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Giuseppe Cappelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ssFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA28">La divina commedia di Dante Alighieri</a>, in Italian. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepsius2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lepsius, Oliver (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fejil%2Fchw060">"Hans Kelsen on Dante Alighieri's Political Philosophy"</a>. European Journal of International Law. 27 (4): 1153. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fejil%2Fchw060">10.1093/ejil/chw060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Hans+Kelsen+on+Dante+Alighieri%27s+Political+Philosophy&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1153&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fejil%2Fchw060&rft.aulast=Lepsius&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fejil%252Fchw060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927104520/http://www.danteonline.it/english/opere.asp?idope=3&idlang=UK">"De vulgari Eloquentia"</a>. Dante online. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danteonline.it/english/opere.asp?idope=3&idlang=UK">the original</a> on September 27, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+vulgari+Eloquentia&rft.pub=Dante+online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danteonline.it%2Fenglish%2Fopere.asp%3Fidope%3D3%26idlang%3DUK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="pp._355–366" class="citation journal cs1">Ewert, A. (1940). "Dante's Theory of Language". The Modern Language Review. 35 (3): 355–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3716632">10.2307/3716632</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3716632">3716632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=Dante%27s+Theory+of+Language&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=355-366&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3716632&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3716632%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ewert&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaiditVidalGuessard1858" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Uc_de_Saint_Circ" title="Uc de Saint Circ">Faidit, Uc</a>; Vidal, Raimon; Guessard, François (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JIoSAAAAIAAJ&q=%22raimon+vidal%22">Grammaires provençales de Hugues Faidit et de Raymond Vidal de Besaudun (XIIIe siècle)</a> (2nd ed.). Paris: A. Franck.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammaires+proven%C3%A7ales+de+Hugues+Faidit+et+de+Raymond+Vidal+de+Besaudun+%28XIII%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E+si%C3%A8cle%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=A.+Franck&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Faidit&rft.aufirst=Uc&rft.au=Vidal%2C+Raimon&rft.au=Guessard%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJIoSAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522raimon%2Bvidal%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLansing2000" class="citation book cs1">Lansing, Richard (2000). The Dante Encyclopedia. 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Modern Philology. 17 (11): 623–632. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F387304">10.1086/387304</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015033478622">2027/mdp.39015033478622</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/432861">432861</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161197863">161197863</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803072828/https://www.jstor.org/stable/432861">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Philology&rft.atitle=An+Introductory+Dante+Bibliography&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=623-632&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015033478622&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161197863%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F432861%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F387304&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=Ernest+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F432861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/en/11898585/dante_alighieri/">Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527122254/https://data.bnf.fr/en/11898585/dante_alighieri/">Archived</a> 27 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museocasadidante.it/en/dante-house-museum/">"Dante's House Museum"</a>. Museo Casa di Dante, Firenze. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212124724/https://www.museocasadidante.it/en/dante-house-museum/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museo+Casa+di+Dante%2C+Firenze&rft.atitle=Dante%27s+House+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museocasadidante.it%2Fen%2Fdante-house-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.princeton.edu/special-collections/topics/dante-alighieri-1265-1321">"DANTE ALIGHIERI (1265–1321) | Princeton University Library Special Collections"</a>. library.princeton.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212124721/https://library.princeton.edu/special-collections/topics/dante-alighieri-1265-1321">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.princeton.edu&rft.atitle=DANTE+ALIGHIERI+%281265%E2%80%931321%29+%7C+Princeton+University+Library+Special+Collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.princeton.edu%2Fspecial-collections%2Ftopics%2Fdante-alighieri-1265-1321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUCL_Special_Collections2018" class="citation web cs1">UCL Special Collections (August 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/a-z/barlow-dante">"Dante Collection"</a>. UCL Special Collections. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172555/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/a-z/barlow-dante">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCL+Special+Collections.&rft.atitle=Dante+Collection&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft.au=UCL+Special+Collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Flibrary%2Fspecial-collections%2Fa-z%2Fbarlow-dante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beinecke.library.yale.edu/collections/highlights/divina-commedia-ms-428-between-1385-and-1400">"Divina Commedia, MS 428 [between 1385 and 1400]"</a>. Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library. March 23, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212124723/https://beinecke.library.yale.edu/collections/highlights/divina-commedia-ms-428-between-1385-and-1400">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beinecke+Rare+Book+%26+Manuscript+Library&rft.atitle=Divina+Commedia%2C+MS+428+%5Bbetween+1385+and+1400%5D&rft.date=2021-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeinecke.library.yale.edu%2Fcollections%2Fhighlights%2Fdivina-commedia-ms-428-between-1385-and-1400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbero2022" class="citation book cs1">Barbero, Alessandro (2022) [Italian original publication: 2021]. Dante: A Life. Translated by Cameron, Allan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegasus_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegasus Books (page does not exist)">Pegasus Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781643139142" title="Special:BookSources/9781643139142"><bdi>9781643139142</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781643139142&rft.aulast=Barbero&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Harrison, Robert (February 19, 2015). "Dante on Trial". NY Review of Books. pp. 36–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NY+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Dante+on+Trial&rft.pages=36-37&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaffa2020" class="citation book cs1">Raffa, Guy P. (2020). Dante's Bones: How a Poet Invented Italy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Belknap_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Belknap Press">Belknap Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-98083-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-98083-9"><bdi>978-0-674-98083-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%27s+Bones%3A+How+a+Poet+Invented+Italy&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-674-98083-9&rft.aulast=Raffa&rft.aufirst=Guy+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantagata2016" class="citation book cs1">Santagata, Marco (2016) [Italian original publication: 2012]. Dante: The Story of His Life. Translated by Dixon, Richard. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674504868" title="Special:BookSources/9780674504868"><bdi>9780674504868</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%3A+The+Story+of+His+Life&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780674504868&rft.aulast=Santagata&rft.aufirst=Marco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2014" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Prue (2014). Reading Dante: From Here to Eternity. <a href="/wiki/Liveright" class="mw-redirect" title="Liveright">Liveright</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871407801" title="Special:BookSources/9780871407801"><bdi>9780871407801</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Dante%3A+From+Here+to+Eternity&rft.pub=Liveright&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780871407801&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Prue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTook2021" class="citation book cs1">Took, John (2021). Dante. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691208930" title="Special:BookSources/9780691208930"><bdi>9780691208930</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780691208930&rft.aulast=Took&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllitt2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Allitt, John Stewart (2011). Dante, il pellegrino (in Italian). Villa di Serio (BG): Edizioni Villadiseriane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-96199-80-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-96199-80-0"><bdi>978-88-96199-80-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%2C+il+pellegrino&rft.place=Villa+di+Serio+%28BG%29&rft.pub=Edizioni+Villadiseriane&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-88-96199-80-0&rft.aulast=Allitt&rft.aufirst=John+Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1980" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, William (1980). Dante the Maker. Routledge Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-0322-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-0322-5"><bdi>978-0-7100-0322-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante+the+Maker&rft.pub=Routledge+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-7100-0322-5&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Barolini, Teodolinda (ed.). Dante's Lyric Poetry: Poems of Youth and of the 'Vita Nuova'. University of Toronto Press, 2014.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1921" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Garratt_Gardner" title="Edmund Garratt Gardner">Gardner, Edmund Garratt</a> (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dantedante00gardrich">Dante</a>. London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/690699123">690699123</a>. Retrieved March 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F690699123&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Edmund+Garratt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdantedante00gardrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Guénon, René (1925). The Esoterism of Dante, trans. by C.B. Berhill, in the Perennial Wisdom Series. Ghent, NY: Sophia Perennis et Universalis, 1996. viii, 72 p. N.B.: Originally published in French, entitled L'Esoterisme de Danté, in 1925. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900588-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-900588-02-0">0-900588-02-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHede2007" class="citation book cs1">Hede, Jesper (2007). Reading Dante: The Pursuit of Meaning. Lanham: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-2196-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-2196-2"><bdi>978-0-7391-2196-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Dante%3A+The+Pursuit+of+Meaning&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-2196-2&rft.aulast=Hede&rft.aufirst=Jesper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles2008" class="citation book cs1">Miles, Thomas (2008). "Dante: Tours of Hell: Mapping the Landscape of Sin and Despair". In Stewart, Jon (ed.). Kierkegaard and the Patristic and Medieval Traditions. Ashgate. pp. 223–236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6391-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6391-1"><bdi>978-0-7546-6391-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dante%3A+Tours+of+Hell%3A+Mapping+the+Landscape+of+Sin+and+Despair&rft.btitle=Kierkegaard+and+the+Patristic+and+Medieval+Traditions&rft.pages=223-236&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6391-1&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusa1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Musa" title="Mark Musa">Musa, Mark</a> (1974). Advent at the Gates: Dante's Comedy. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253301406" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253301406"><bdi>978-0253301406</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advent+at+the+Gates%3A+Dante%27s+Comedy&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0253301406&rft.aulast=Musa&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaffa2009" class="citation book cs1">Raffa, Guy P. (2009). The Complete Danteworlds: A Reader's Guide to the Divine Comedy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-70270-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-70270-4"><bdi>978-0-226-70270-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Danteworlds%3A+A+Reader%27s+Guide+to+the+Divine+Comedy&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-226-70270-4&rft.aulast=Raffa&rft.aufirst=Guy+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScartazzini1874–1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Andrea_Scartazzini" title="Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini">Scartazzini, Giovanni Andrea</a> (1874–1890). La Divina Commedia riveduta e commentata (4 volumes). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/558999245">558999245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Divina+Commedia+riveduta+e+commentata+%284+volumes%29&rft.date=1874%2F1890&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F558999245&rft.aulast=Scartazzini&rft.aufirst=Giovanni+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScartazzini1896–1898" class="citation book cs1">Scartazzini, Giovanni Andrea (1896–1898). Enciclopedia dantesca: dizionario critico e ragionato di quanto concerne la vita e le opere di Dante Alighieri (2 volumes). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12202483">12202483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enciclopedia+dantesca%3A+dizionario+critico+e+ragionato+di+quanto+concerne+la+vita+e+le+opere+di+Dante+Alighieri+%282+volumes%29&rft.date=1896%2F1898&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12202483&rft.aulast=Scartazzini&rft.aufirst=Giovanni+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1996" class="citation book cs1">Scott, John A. (1996). Dante's Political Purgatory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-12724-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-12724-8"><bdi>978-0-585-12724-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%27s+Political+Purgatory&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-585-12724-8&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeung1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._K._Seung" title="T. K. Seung">Seung, T.K.</a> (1962). The Fragile Leaves of the Sibyl: Dante's Master Plan. Westminster, MD: Newman Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1426455">1426455</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fragile+Leaves+of+the+Sibyl%3A+Dante%27s+Master+Plan&rft.place=Westminster%2C+MD&rft.pub=Newman+Press&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1426455&rft.aulast=Seung&rft.aufirst=T.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToynbee1898" class="citation book cs1">Toynbee, Paget (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionaryprop00toyngoog">A Dictionary of the Proper Names and Notable Matters in the Works of Dante</a>. London: The Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/343895">343895</a>. Retrieved March 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Proper+Names+and+Notable+Matters+in+the+Works+of+Dante&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1898&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F343895&rft.aulast=Toynbee&rft.aufirst=Paget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadictionaryprop00toyngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiting1922" class="citation book cs1">Whiting, Mary Bradford (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924011891698">Dante the Man and the Poet</a>. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/224789">224789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante+the+Man+and+the+Poet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=W.+Heffer+%26+Sons&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F224789&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=Mary+Bradford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924011891698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Dante Alighieri at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" class="extiw" title="c:Dante Alighieri">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" class="extiw" title="q:Dante Alighieri">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dante_Alighieri" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Dante Alighieri">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067" class="extiw" title="d:Q1067">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/dante-alighieri/">Works by Dante Alighieri in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/507">Works by Dante Alighieri</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Dante%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dante%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dante%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Dante%22%29%20OR%20%28%221265-1321%22%20AND%20Dante%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Dante Alighieri</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1189">Works by Dante Alighieri</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onemorelibrary.com/index.php/en/search-results/author/dante-alighieri-381?order=loc&ord_t=asc">Works by Dante Alighieri</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onemorelibrary.com/index.php/en">One More Library</a> (Works in English, Italian, Latin, Arabic, German, French and Spanish)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWetherbee" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wetherbee, Winthrop. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dante/">"Dante Alighieri"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dante+Alighieri&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Wetherbee&rft.aufirst=Winthrop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fdante%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADante+Alighieri" class="Z3988"></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museocasadidante.it/en/">Dante Museum in Florence</a>: his life, his books and a history & literature blog about Dante</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830160755/http://www.worldofdante.org/">World of Dante</a> multimedia, texts, maps, gallery, searchable database, music, teacher resources, timeline</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcweb.princeton.edu/dante/index.html">Princeton Dante Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603094521/http://etcweb.princeton.edu/dante/index.html">Archived</a> June 3, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> texts and multimedia</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dante.dartmouth.edu/">Dartmouth Dante Project</a> searchable database of commentary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danteonline.it/english/home_ita.asp">Dante Online</a> manuscripts of works, images and text transcripts by Società Dantesca Italiana</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dante.ilt.columbia.edu/">Digital Dante</a> – Divine Comedy with commentary, other works, scholars on Dante</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oyc.yale.edu/italian-language-and-literature/ital-310">Open Yale Course on Dante</a> by <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perunaenciclopediadantescadigitale.eu/dantesources/en/">DanteSources</a> project about Dante's primary sources developed by <a href="/wiki/Istituto_di_Scienza_e_Tecnologie_dell%27Informazione" title="Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione">ISTI</a>-<a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Italy)" title="National Research Council (Italy)">CNR</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.bowdoin.edu/dante-today/">Dante Today</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111043549/https://research.bowdoin.edu/dante-today/">Archived</a> January 11, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> citings and sightings of Dante in contemporary culture</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/bibdant/">Bibliotheca Dantesca</a> journal dedicated to Dante and his reception</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/a-z/barlow-dante">Dante Collection</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (c. 3000 volumes of works by and about Dante)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dante Alighieri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works in Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_vulgari_eloquentia" title="De vulgari eloquentia">De vulgari eloquentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Monarchia" class="mw-redirect" title="De Monarchia">De Monarchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclogues_(Dante)" title="Eclogues (Dante)">Eclogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Cangrande" title="Epistle to Cangrande">Epistle to Cangrande</a> (disputed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works in Italian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Vita_Nuova" title="La Vita Nuova">La Vita Nuova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rime" title="Le Rime">Le Rime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convivio" title="Convivio">Convivio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatorio" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_references_in_the_Divine_Comedy" title="List of cultural references in the Divine Comedy">Cultural references</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books, articles, concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrapasso" title="Contrapasso">Contrapasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dante_Encyclopedia" title="The Dante Encyclopedia">Dante Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Dantesca" title="Enciclopedia Dantesca">Enciclopedia Dantesca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People in Dante's life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alighiero_di_Bellincione" title="Alighiero di Bellincione">Alighiero di Bellincione (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Alighieri" title="Jacopo Alighieri">Jacopo Alighieri (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Cavalcanti" title="Guido Cavalcanti">Guido Cavalcanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunetto_Latini" title="Brunetto Latini">Brunetto Latini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Portinari" title="Beatrice Portinari">Beatrice Portinari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferreto_de%27_Ferreti" title="Ferreto de' Ferreti">Ferreto de' Ferreti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papal commentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cando_lucis_aeternae" title="Cando lucis aeternae">Cando lucis aeternae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_and_the_Divine_Comedy_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante Alighieri and the Divine Comedy in popular culture">Dante in popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_(crater)" title="Dante (crater)">Dante crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2999_Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="2999 Dante">Dante asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83_Beatrix" title="83 Beatrix">83 Beatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Academy" title="Dante Alighieri Academy">Dante Alighieri Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Italiana_Dante_Alighieri" title="Scuola Italiana Dante Alighieri">Scuola Italiana Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Park" title="Dante Park">Dante Park, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Park,_Montreal" title="Dante Park, Montreal">Dante Park, Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Dante" title="Monument to Dante">Monument to Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barque_of_Dante" title="The Barque of Dante">The Barque of Dante</a> (1822 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_in_Hell" title="Dante in Hell">Dante in Hell</a> (1835 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini_and_Paolo_Malatesta_Appraised_by_Dante_and_Virgil" title="Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil">Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil</a> (1835 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_and_Virgil" title="Dante and Virgil">Dante and Virgil</a> (1850 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barque_of_Dante_(Manet)" title="The Barque of Dante (Manet)">The Barque of Dante</a> (1858 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Dream" title="Dante's Dream">Dante's Dream</a> (1871 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_and_Beatrice_(painting)" title="Dante and Beatrice (painting)">Dante and Beatrice</a> (1883 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_(1919_film)" title="Beatrice (1919 film)">Beatrice</a> (1919 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_(Ximenes)" title="Dante Alighieri (Ximenes)">Dante Alighieri</a> (1921 sculpture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Symphony" title="Dante Symphony">Dante Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_battleship_Dante_Alighieri" title="Italian battleship Dante Alighieri">Italian battleship Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_May_Cry" title="Devil May Cry">Devil May Cry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno_(video_game)" title="Dante's Inferno (video game)">Dante's Inferno</a> (video game)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Dante" title="Tomb of Dante">Tomb of Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Society_of_America" title="Dante Society of America">Dante Society of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dante&#039;s_Divine_Comedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divine_Comedy_navbox" title="Template:Divine Comedy navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Divine_Comedy_navbox" title="Template talk:Divine Comedy navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Divine_Comedy_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Divine Comedy navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dante&#039;s_Divine_Comedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dante</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters and locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonturo_Dati" title="Bonturo Dati">Bonturo Dati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunetto_Latini" title="Brunetto Latini">Brunetto Latini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcante_de%27_Cavalcanti" title="Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti">Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capaneus" title="Capaneus">Capaneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciacco" title="Ciacco">Ciacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciampolo" title="Ciampolo">Ciampolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocytus" title="Cocytus">Cocytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dis_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Dis (Divine Comedy)">Dis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata_degli_Uberti" title="Farinata degli Uberti">Farinata degli Uberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Argenti" title="Filippo Argenti">Filippo Argenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini" title="Francesca da Rimini">Francesca da Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geryon_(Divine_Comedy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geryon (Divine Comedy)">Geryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Schicchi_de%27_Cavalcanti" title="Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti">Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_refusal" title="Great refusal">Great refusal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gualdrada_Berti" title="Gualdrada Berti">Gualdrada Berti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Guerra" title="Guido Guerra">Guido Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_I_da_Montefeltro" title="Guido I da Montefeltro">Guido I da Montefeltro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacopo_Rusticucci" title="Iacopo Rusticucci">Iacopo Rusticucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malebolge" title="Malebolge">Malebolge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nessus_(mythology)" title="Nessus (mythology)">Nessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Malatesta" title="Paolo Malatesta">Paolo Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegethon" title="Phlegethon">Phlegethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegyas" title="Phlegyas">Phlegyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_della_Vigna" title="Pietro della Vigna">Pietro della Vigna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Pope Nicholas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggieri_degli_Ubaldini" title="Ruggieri degli Ubaldini">Ruggieri degli Ubaldini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Satan" title="Dante's Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugolino_della_Gherardesca" title="Ugolino della Gherardesca">Ugolino della Gherardesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanni_Fucci" title="Vanni Fucci">Vanni Fucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circles of Hell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_circle_of_hell" title="First circle of hell">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_circle_of_hell" title="Second circle of hell">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_circle_of_hell" title="Third circle of hell">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_circle_of_hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth circle of hell">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_circle_of_hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth circle of hell">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_circle_of_hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth circle of hell">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_circle_of_hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh circle of hell">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malebolge" title="Malebolge">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_circle_of_hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth circle of hell">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malebranche_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Malebranche (Divine Comedy)">Malebranche</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alichino_(devil)" title="Alichino (devil)">Alichino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbariccia" title="Barbariccia">Barbariccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagnazzo" title="Cagnazzo">Cagnazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcabrina" title="Calcabrina">Calcabrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciriatto" title="Ciriatto">Ciriatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draghignazzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Draghignazzo">Draghignazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farfarello" class="mw-redirect" title="Farfarello">Farfarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacoda" title="Malacoda">Malacoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubicante" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubicante">Rubicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarmiglione" title="Scarmiglione">Scarmiglione</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Purgatorio" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagia_Fieschi" title="Alagia Fieschi">Alagia Fieschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Portinari" title="Beatrice Portinari">Beatrice Portinari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_d%27Este_(1268%E2%80%931334)" title="Beatrice d'Este (1268–1334)">Beatrice d'Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belacqua" title="Belacqua">Belacqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonagiunta_Orbicciani" title="Bonagiunta Orbicciani">Bonagiunta Orbicciani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonconte_I_da_Montefeltro" title="Bonconte I da Montefeltro">Bonconte I da Montefeltro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casella_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Casella (Divine Comedy)">Casella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Younger" title="Cato the Younger">Cato the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Malaspina_the_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad Malaspina the Young">Conrad Malaspina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunoe" title="Eunoe">Eunoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forese_Donati" title="Forese Donati">Forese Donati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_da_Camino" title="Gaia da Camino">Gaia da Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherardo_III_da_Camino" title="Gherardo III da Camino">Gherardo III da Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanna_da_Montefeltro" title="Giovanna da Montefeltro">Giovanna da Montefeltro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Guinizelli" title="Guido Guinizelli">Guido Guinizelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_del_Cassero" title="Jacopo del Cassero">Jacopo del Cassero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Gallura" title="Joanna of Gallura">Giovanna Visconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe" title="Lethe">Lethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Lombardo" title="Marco Lombardo">Marco Lombardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matelda" title="Matelda">Matelda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nella_Donati" title="Nella Donati">Nella Donati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Visconti" title="Nino Visconti">Nino Visconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oderisi_da_Gubbio" title="Oderisi da Gubbio">Oderisi da Gubbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omberto_Aldobrandeschi" title="Omberto Aldobrandeschi">Omberto Aldobrandeschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia_de%27_Tolomei" title="Pia de' Tolomei">Pia de' Tolomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_V" title="Pope Adrian V">Pope Adrian V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapia_Salvani" title="Sapia Salvani">Sapia Salvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sordello" title="Sordello">Sordello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradiso</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacciaguida" title="Cacciaguida">Cacciaguida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel_of_Anjou" title="Charles Martel of Anjou">Charles Martel of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Constance, Queen of Sicily">Constance, Queen of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunizza_da_Romano" title="Cunizza da Romano">Cunizza da Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empyrean" title="Empyrean">Empyrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folquet_de_Marselha" title="Folquet de Marselha">Folquet de Marselha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">Hierarchy of angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Eagle">Imperial Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccarda_Donati" title="Piccarda Donati">Piccarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripheus" title="Ripheus">Ripheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrapasso" title="Contrapasso">Contrapasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terza_rima" title="Terza rima">Terza rima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_refusal" title="Great refusal">Great refusal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Pape_Sat%C3%A0n,_pape_Sat%C3%A0n_aleppe" title="Pape Satàn, pape Satàn aleppe">Pape Satàn, pape Satàn aleppe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raph%C3%A8l_mai_am%C3%A8cche_zab%C3%AC_almi" title="Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi">Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palacio_Barolo" title="Palacio Barolo">Palacio Barolo</a> (Palanti, 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danteum" title="Danteum">Danteum</a> (Terragni, 1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinema</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Inferno" title="L'Inferno">L'Inferno</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno_(1924_film)" title="Dante's Inferno (1924 film)">Dante's Inferno</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno_(1935_film)" title="Dante's Inferno (1935 film)">Dante's Inferno</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dante_Quartet" title="The Dante Quartet">The Dante Quartet</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_TV_Dante" title="A TV Dante">A TV Dante</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Deep_and_Dreamless_Sleep" title="The Deep and Dreamless Sleep">The Deep and Dreamless Sleep</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno_(2007_film)" title="Dante's Inferno (2007 film)">Dante's Inferno</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno:_An_Animated_Epic" title="Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic">Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_commedia_di_Amos_Poe" title="La commedia di Amos Poe">La commedia di Amos Poe</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Hell_Animated" title="Dante's Hell Animated">Dante's Hell Animated</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botticelli_Inferno" title="Botticelli Inferno">Botticelli Inferno</a> (2016 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demon_Lord_Dante" title="Demon Lord Dante">Demon Lord Dante</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbo%27s_Inferno" title="Jimbo's Inferno">Jimbo's Inferno</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno:_A_Graphic_Novel_Adaptation" title="Dante's Inferno: A Graphic Novel Adaptation">Dante's Inferno</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert%27s_Inferno" title="Gert's Inferno">Gert's Inferno</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illustrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy_Illustrated_by_Botticelli" title="Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli">Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli</a> (1485)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Giraud" title="Jean Giraud">Jean Giraud</a> (Paradiso, 1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Rimini" title="The Story of Rimini">The Story of Rimini</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Com%C3%A9die_humaine" title="La Comédie humaine">La Comédie humaine</a> (1830–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Inferno" title="Earth Inferno">Earth Inferno</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cantos" title="The Cantos">The Cantos</a> (1917–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_I_Was_Going_Down_Sackville_Street" title="As I Was Going Down Sackville Street">As I Was Going Down Sackville Street</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_System_of_Dante%27s_Hell" title="The System of Dante's Hell">The System of Dante's Hell</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Niven_and_Pournelle_novel)" title="Inferno (Niven and Pournelle novel)">Inferno</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dante_Club" title="The Dante Club">The Dante Club</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Brown_novel)" title="Inferno (Brown novel)">Inferno</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music (classical)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Sonata" title="Dante Sonata">Après une Lecture de Dante: Fantasia quasi Sonata</a> (Liszt, 1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Symphony" title="Dante Symphony">Dante Symphony</a> (Liszt, 1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Francesca da Rimini (Tchaikovsky)">Francesca da Rimini</a> (Tchaikovsky, 1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini_(Rachmaninoff)" title="Francesca da Rimini (Rachmaninoff)">Francesca da Rimini</a> (Rachmaninoff, 1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini_(Zandonai)" title="Francesca da Rimini (Zandonai)">Francesca da Rimini</a> (Zandonai, 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Schicchi" title="Gianni Schicchi">Gianni Schicchi</a> (Puccini, 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy_(Smith)" title="The Divine Comedy (Smith)">The Divine Comedy</a> (Smith, 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(opera)" title="Inferno (opera)">Inferno</a> (Ronchetti, 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music (modern)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Metamorfosi_album)" title="Inferno (Metamorfosi album)">Inferno</a> (1973 album)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno_(song)" title="Dante's Inferno (song)">"Dante's Inferno"</a> (1995 song)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_XXI" title="Dante XXI">Dante XXI</a> (2006 album)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Place_Where_the_Sun_Is_Silent" title="A Place Where the Sun Is Silent">A Place Where the Sun Is Silent</a> (2011 album)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Barque_of_Dante" title="The Barque of Dante">The Barque of Dante</a> (Delacroix, 1822)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers:_The_Harpies_and_the_Suicides" title="The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides">The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides</a> (Blake, 1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini_and_Paolo_Malatesta_Appraised_by_Dante_and_Virgil" title="Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil">Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil</a> (Scheffer, 1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_in_Hell" title="Dante in Hell">Dante in Hell</a> (Flandrin, 1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barque_of_Dante_(Manet)" title="The Barque of Dante (Manet)">The Barque of Dante</a> (Manet, 1850s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia_de%27_Tolomei_(Rossetti_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pia de' Tolomei (Rossetti painting)">Pia de' Tolomei</a> (Rossetti, 1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini" title="Paolo and Francesca da Rimini">Paolo and Francesca da Rimini</a> (Rossetti, 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_barca_de_Aqueronte" title="La barca de Aqueronte">La barca de Aqueronte</a> (Hidalgo, 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Laguna_Estigia" title="La Laguna Estigia">La Laguna Estigia</a> (Hidalgo, 1887)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gates_of_Hell" title="The Gates of Hell">The Gates of Hell</a> (Rodin, 1917) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Kiss_(Rodin_sculpture)" title="The Kiss (Rodin sculpture)">The Kiss</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thinker" title="The Thinker">The Thinker</a> (1904)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majy%C5%AB%C5%8D" title="Majyūō">King of Demons</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_May_Cry" title="Devil May Cry">Devil May Cry series</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno_(video_game)" title="Dante's Inferno (video game)">Dante's Inferno</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_(video_game)" title="The Lost (video game)">The Lost</a> (cancelled)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_references_in_the_Divine_Comedy" title="List of cultural references in the Divine Comedy">Cultural references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_translations_of_the_Divine_Comedy" title="List of English translations of the Divine Comedy">English translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy_in_popular_culture" title="Divine Comedy in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Divine_Comedy" title="Category:Divine Comedy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_philosophy" title="Template:Social philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_philosophy" title="Template talk:Social philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">Social philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(philosophy)" title="Agency (philosophy)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomie" title="Anomie">Anomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culturalism" title="Culturalism">Culturalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interculturalism" title="Interculturalism">Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">Human nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">Morality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_character" title="National character">National character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reification_(Marxism)" title="Reification (Marxism)">Reification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment" title="Ressentiment">Ressentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Sittlichkeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">Social alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Social norms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship" title="Stewardship">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Values</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksgeist" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksgeist">Volksgeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldview" title="Worldview">Worldview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_School" title="Budapest School">Budapest School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Alpharabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Avempace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl" title="Ibn Tufayl">Ibn Tufayl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Royce" title="Josiah Royce">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Gehlen" title="Arnold Gehlen">Gehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byung-Chul_Han" title="Byung-Chul Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Niebuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Simmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Sombart" title="Werner Sombart">Sombart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Officiis" title="De Officiis">De Officiis</a> (44 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Man" title="Oration on the Dignity of Man">Oration on the Dignity of Man</a> (1486)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Society" title="A Vindication of Natural Society">A Vindication of Natural Society</a> (1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents" title="Civilization and Its Discontents">Civilization and Its Discontents</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sex" title="The Second Sex">The Second Sex</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Dimensional_Man" title="One-Dimensional Man">One-Dimensional Man</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Sexuality" title="The History of Sexuality">The History of Sexuality</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Narcissism" title="The Culture of Narcissism">The Culture of Narcissism</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Trouble" title="Gender Trouble">Gender Trouble</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Malaise_of_Modernity" title="The Malaise of Modernity">The Malaise of Modernity</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectuals_and_Society" title="Intellectuals and Society">Intellectuals and Society</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnotology" title="Agnotology">Agnotology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_critic" title="Cultural critic">Cultural criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pessimism" title="Cultural pessimism">Cultural pessimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_culture" title="Philosophy of culture">Philosophy of culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_education" title="Philosophy of education">Philosophy of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">Philosophy of history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_criticism" title="Social criticism">Social criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">Social science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_theory" title="Social theory">Social theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_philosophy" title="Category:Social philosophy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_philosophy" title="Template:Political philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_philosophy" title="Template talk:Political philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obedience_(human_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience (human behavior)">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People" title="People">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_class" title="Ruling class">Ruling class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes" title="Bellum omnium contra omnes">Bellum omnium contra omnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_politic" title="Body politic">Body politic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">Common good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_as_a_model_for_the_state" title="Family as a model for the state">Family as a model for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence" title="Monopoly on violence">Monopoly on violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_lie" title="Noble lie">Noble lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_position" title="Original position">Original position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_window" title="Overton window">Overton window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_nature" title="State of nature">State of nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">Tyranny of the majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_philosophers" title="List of political philosophers">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_political_philosophy" title="Plato's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Alpharabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua" title="Marsilius of Padua">Marsilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshi" title="Wang Anshi">Wang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbes%27s_moral_and_political_philosophy" title="Hobbes's moral and political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal%27s_political_philosophy" title="Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy_of_Immanuel_Kant" title="Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Laclau" title="Ernesto Laclau">Laclau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Mosca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Mouffe" title="Chantal Mouffe">Mouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a> (c. 375 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">Politics</a> (c. 350 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_re_publica" title="De re publica">De re publica</a> (51 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a> (c. 1274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a> (1313)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince" title="The Prince">The Prince</a> (1532)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a> (1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a> (1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law" title="The Spirit of Law">The Spirit of Law</a> (1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_the_Revolution_in_France" title="Reflections on the Revolution in France">Reflections on the Revolution in France</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Man" title="Rights of Man">Rights of Man</a> (1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Elements of the Philosophy of Right">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a> (1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Liberty" title="On Liberty">On Liberty</a> (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Masses" title="The Revolt of the Masses">The Revolt of the Masses</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Serfdom" title="The Road to Serfdom">The Road to Serfdom</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Society_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Open Society and Its Enemies">The Open Society and Its Enemies</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism" title="The Origins of Totalitarianism">The Origins of Totalitarianism</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice" title="A Theory of Justice">A Theory of Justice</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_History_and_the_Last_Man" title="The End of History and the Last Man">The End of History and the Last Man</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism and individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_theories" title="Conflict theories">Conflict theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractualism" title="Contractualism">Contractualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory" title="Elite theory">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_political_thought" title="History of political thought">History of political thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_for_the_state" title="Justification for the state">Justification for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(politics)" title="Machiavellianism (politics)">Machiavellianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ethics" title="Political ethics">Political ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_social_and_political_philosophy_articles" title="Index of social and political philosophy articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_philosophy" title="Category:Political philosophy">Category:Political philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Catholic_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template talk:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Catholic_theology" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_dogmatic_theology" title="Catholic dogmatic theology">History of Catholic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Key figures</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of Christian theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">First Epistle of Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="The Shepherd of Hermas">The Shepherd of Hermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristides_of_Athens" title="Aristides of Athens">Aristides of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Diognetus" title="Epistle to Diognetus">Epistle to Diognetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatian" title="Novatian">Antipope Novatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecthesis" title="Ecthesis">Ecthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_II_of_Aquileia" title="Paulinus II of Aquileia">Paulinus II of Aquileia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Aniane" title="Benedict of Aniane">Benedict of Aniane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius Radbertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar of Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Laon" title="Anselm of Laon">Anselm of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Nazareth" title="Beatrice of Nazareth">Beatrice of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boetius_of_Dacia" title="Boetius of Dacia">Boetius of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Ghent" title="Henry of Ghent">Henry of Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a> and reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">William of Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rolle" title="Richard Rolle">Richard Rolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_van_Ruysbroeck" class="mw-redirect" title="John van Ruysbroeck">John of Ruusbroec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hilton" title="Walter Hilton">Walter Hilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing" title="The Cloud of Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Heinrich Seuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Groote" title="Geert Groote">Geert Groote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotio_Moderna" title="Devotio Moderna">Devotio Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Kempis" title="Thomas à Kempis">Thomas à Kempis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Thomas Cajetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Eck" title="Johann Eck">Johann Eck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Villanova" title="Thomas of Villanova">Thomas of Villanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Osuna" title="Francisco de Osuna">Francisco de Osuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Luis de León">Luis de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Molina" title="Luis de Molina">Luis de Molina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_B%C3%A9rulle" title="Pierre de Bérulle">Pierre de Bérulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_of_%C3%81greda" title="Mary of Jesus of Ágreda">Mary of Jesus of Ágreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Vieira" title="António Vieira">António Vieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Olier" title="Jean-Jacques Olier">Jean-Jacques Olier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomassin" title="Louis Thomassin">Louis Thomassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">François Fénelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jansen" title="Cornelius Jansen">Cornelius Jansen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Nicolas Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Montfort" title="Louis de Montfort">Louis de Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Muzzarelli" title="Alfonso Muzzarelli">Alfonso Muzzarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Sailer" title="Johann Michael Sailer">Johann Michael Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Mary_Hofbauer" title="Clement Mary Hofbauer">Clement Mary Hofbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lanteri" title="Bruno Lanteri">Bruno Lanteri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Joseph Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Félicité de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Taparelli" title="Luigi Taparelli">Luigi Taparelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Antonio Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger" title="Ignaz von Döllinger">Ignaz von Döllinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Henri_Lacordaire" title="Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire">Henri Lacordaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes">Jaime Balmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Sanseverino" title="Gaetano Sanseverino">Gaetano Sanseverino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Cornoldi" title="Giovanni Maria Cornoldi">Giovanni Maria Cornoldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pecci" title="Giuseppe Pecci">Giuseppe Pecci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hergenr%C3%B6ther" title="Joseph Hergenröther">Joseph Hergenröther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Maria_Zigliara" title="Tommaso Maria Zigliara">Tommaso Maria Zigliara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Joseph_Scheeben" title="Matthias Joseph Scheeben">Matthias Joseph Scheeben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux" title="Émile Boutroux">Émile Boutroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Léon Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9-Joseph_Mercier" title="Désiré-Joseph Mercier">Désiré-Joseph Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_H%C3%BCgel" title="Friedrich von Hügel">Friedrich von Hügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Lagrange" title="Marie-Joseph Lagrange">Marie-Joseph Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyrrell" title="George Tyrrell">George Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Maurice Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ginald_Garrigou-Lagrange" title="Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange">Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Joseph Maréchal">Joseph Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin" title="Pierre Teilhard de Chardin">Pierre Teilhard de Chardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Knox" title="Ronald Knox">Ronald Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Dietrich von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique_Chenu" title="Marie-Dominique Chenu">Marie-Dominique Chenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Daniel-Rops" title="Henri Daniel-Rops">Henri Daniel-Rops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Guitton" title="Jean Guitton">Jean Guitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1" title="Josemaría Escrivá">Josemaría Escrivá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Nouvelle théologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lonergan" title="Bernard Lonergan">Bernard Lonergan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Emmanuel Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Copleston" title="Frederick Copleston">Frederick Copleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckx" title="Edward Schillebeeckx">Edward Schillebeeckx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">René Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng" title="Hans Küng">Hans Küng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Metz" title="Johann Baptist Metz">Johann Baptist Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vanier" title="Jean Vanier">Jean Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_von_Hildebrand" title="Alice von Hildebrand">Alice von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kasper" title="Walter Kasper">Walter Kasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Cantalamessa" title="Raniero Cantalamessa">Raniero Cantalamessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Heller" title="Michał Heller">Michał Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Hal%C3%ADk" title="Tomáš Halík">Tomáš Halík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Hahn" title="Scott Hahn">Scott Hahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seven_deadly_sins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seven_Deadly_Sins" title="Template:Seven Deadly Sins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seven_Deadly_Sins" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Seven Deadly Sins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seven_Deadly_Sins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seven Deadly Sins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seven_deadly_sins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">The sins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lust" title="Lust">Lust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluttony" title="Gluttony">Gluttony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envy" title="Envy">Envy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greed" title="Greed">Greed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_(deadly_sin)" title="Sloth (deadly sin)">Sloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anger" title="Anger">Wrath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Describing the sins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Ponticus" title="Evagrius Ponticus">Evagrius Ponticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Binsfeld" title="Peter Binsfeld">Peter Binsfeld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">In art and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatorio" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Keys_to_the_Kingdom" title="The Keys to the Kingdom">The Keys to the Kingdom</a> (book series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_(play)" title="The Seven Deadly Sins (play)">The Seven Deadly Sins</a> (1585 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_and_the_Four_Last_Things" title="The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things">The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things</a> (painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_(ballet_chant%C3%A9)" title="The Seven Deadly Sins (ballet chanté)">The Seven Deadly Sins</a> (1933 ballet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_(1952_film)" title="The Seven Deadly Sins (1952 film)">The Seven Deadly Sins</a> (1952 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_(1962_film)" title="The Seven Deadly Sins (1962 film)">The Seven Deadly Sins</a> (1962 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Show:_Sex_and_Violence" title="The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence">The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_(1995_film)" title="Seven (1995 film)">Seven</a> (1995 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Fullmetal Alchemist</a> (manga series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist_(TV_series)" title="Fullmetal Alchemist (TV series)">Fullmetal Alchemist</a> (2003 anime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist:_Brotherhood" title="Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood">Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood</a> (2009 anime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_(manga)" title="The Seven Deadly Sins (manga)">The Seven Deadly Sins</a> (manga series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_of_Modern_Times" title="The Seven Deadly Sins of Modern Times">The Seven Deadly Sins of Modern Times</a> (painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re:Zero_%E2%88%92_Starting_Life_in_Another_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World">Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World</a> (light novel series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re:Zero_%E2%88%92_Starting_Life_in_Another_World#Anime" class="mw-redirect" title="Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World">Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World</a> (2016 anime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Last_Things_(video_game)" title="Four Last Things (video game)">Four Last Things</a> (video game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graveyard_Keeper" title="Graveyard Keeper">Graveyard Keeper</a> (2018 video game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Shazam!</a> (comic book) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Deadly_Enemies_of_Man" title="Seven Deadly Enemies of Man">Seven Deadly Enemies of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam!_(film)" title="Shazam! (film)">Shazam!</a> (2019 film)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helluva_Boss" title="Helluva Boss">Helluva Boss</a> (2020 animated series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbus_Company" title="Limbus Company">Limbus Company</a> (2023 video game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazbin_Hotel" title="Hazbin Hotel">Hazbin Hotel</a> (2024 animated series)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven Heavenly Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Social_Sins" title="Seven Social Sins">Seven Social Sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">Sin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">Christian views on sin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_the_Old_Covenant" title="Christian views on the Old Covenant">Christian views on the Old Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamartiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamartiology">Hamartiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Binsfeld" title="Peter Binsfeld">Peter Binsfeld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118523708">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78095495">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118985852">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118985852">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437214">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV008732">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36583628">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001625&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000082493&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1153531">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/25800">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068727046">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90051395">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000021265&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000001650&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000035504">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=138158">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000024013">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199606278">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prrn7w4mx98hn">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810587892205606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/345466">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260382005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000041641">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521267906706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14108215">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00360083?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:alighieri.dante">zbMATH</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500265888">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6c5a8114-cc72-43bc-a741-00756b317e0e">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/424139">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102260">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1305746">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dante-alighieri_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118523708.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118523708">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026811081">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6t15227">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/37618">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/382496">RISM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&oldid=1257854243">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dante_Alighieri&oldid=1257854243</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dante_Alighieri" title="Category:Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1265_births" 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