{"title":"Queering the (In)Formal Economy: Spatial Recovery and Anti-Vending Local Policies in the Global South","authors":"Lorena Munoz","volume":206,"journal":"International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","pagesStart":146,"pagesEnd":153,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10013531","abstract":"<p>Since the 1990s, cities in the Global South have implemented revanchist neoliberal urban regeneration policies that cater to urban elites based on \u201crecovering\u201d public space for capital accumulation purposes. These policies often work to reify street vending as survival strategies of \u2018last resort\u2019 for marginalized people and as an unorganized, unsystematic economic activities that needs to be disciplined, incorporated and institutionalized into the formal economy. This paper suggests that, by moving away from frameworks that reify formal\/informal spheres of the economy, we are able to disrupt and rethink normative understandings of economic practices categorized as \u2018informal\u2019. Through queering economies, informal workers center their own understandings of self-value and legitimacy informing their economic lives and contributions to urban life. As such, queering the economy opens up possibilities of rethinking urban redevelopment policies that incorporate rather than remove street vendors, as their economic practices are incorporated into the everyday fabric and aesthetic of urban life. <\/p>","references":"[1]\tBrenner N and Theodore N (2002) Cities and the geographies of \u2018actually existing neoliberalism.\u2019 Antipode 34(3): 349-379.\r\n[2]\tSmith N (1996) The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London and New York: Routledge. \r\n[3]\tGalvis JP (2014) Remaking equality: Community governance and the politics of exclusion in Bogota\u0301\u2019s public spaces. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38(4): 1458-1475.\r\n[4]\tJose Alfredo Espinala, \u201cAbinader dice ex alcalde de Nueva York Rudolph Giuliani seria su asesor en materia de seguridad,\u201d Al Momento, February 16, 2016. Available at: http:\/\/almomento.net\/ex-alcalde-ny-rudolph-giuliani-sera-asesor-seguridad-en-gobierno-prm\/183806 (accessed 25 August 2017).\r\n[5]\tKarla Zabludovsky, \u201cRudy Giuliani Was Paid Millions To Make Mexico City Safer And It May Not Have Worked,\u201d Buzzfeed, November 17, 2016. Available at: https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/karlazabludovsky\/rudy-giuliani-was-paid-millions-to-make-mexico-city-safer-an?utm_term=.ienjzzE4v#.tveaGG8QE.\r\n[6]\tInstitute for Transportation and Development Policy (2013) Enrique Pe\u00f1alosa to UN: \u2018Mobilityrights are human rights.\u2019 ITDP, January 23. Available at: https:\/\/www.itdp.org\/enrique-penalosa-to-un-mobility-rights-are-human-rights\/ \r\n[7]\tCrossa, V (2016) Reading for difference on the street: De-homogenising street vending in Mexico City. Urban Studies 53(2): 287-301.\r\n[8]\tInstitute for Transportation and Development Policy, \u201cEnrique Pe\u00f1alosa to UN: \u201cMobility Rights are Human Rights,\u201d January 23, 2013. Available at: https:\/\/www.itdp.org\/enrique-penalosa-to-un-mobility-rights-are-human-rights\/ (accessed 25 August 2017).\r\n[9]\tDonovan, MG (2008). Informal cities and the contestation of public space: The case of \tBogota\u0301\u2019s street vendors, 1988-2003. Urban Studies 45(1): 29-51.\r\n[10]\tDupont V (2011) The dream of Delhi as a global city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35(3): 533\u2013554. \r\n[11]\tZabludovsky K (2016) Rudy Giuliani was paid Millions to make Mexico City safer and it \tmaynot have worked.\u201d Buzzfeed, November 17. Available at: \thttps:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/karlazabludovsky\/rudy-giuliani-was-paid-millions-to-make-mexico-city-safer-an?utm_term=.ienjzzE4v#.tveaGG8QE (accessed 25 August 2017).\r\n[12]\tPortes A, Castells M and Benton LA eds (1989) The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.\r\n[13]\tRoberts B (1994) Informal economy and family strategies.\u201d International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18(1): 6-12.\r\n[14]\tSpalter-Roth RM (1988) Vending on the streets: City policy, gentrification, and public patriarchy.\u201d In eds Bookman A and Morgen S Women and the Politics of Empowerment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 272-294.\r\n[15]\tThomas J (1992) Informal Economic Activity. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.\r\n[16]\tThomas R and Thomas H (1994) The informal economy and local economic development policy. Local Government Studies 20(3): 486-501. \r\n[17]\tTockman EV (2001) Integrating the informal sector into the modernization process. SAIS \tReview 21(1): 45-60.\r\n[18]\tHaritaworn, J (2008) Shifting positionalities: Empirical reflections on a queer\/trans of colour methodology. Sociological Research Online 13(1): 13.\r\n[19]\tGibson-Graham JK (1996) The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It): A Feminist Critique of the Political Economy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. \r\n[20]\tSweet E (2016) Locating migrant Latinas in a diverse economies framework: Evidence from Chicago. Gender, Place and Culture 23(1): 55-7.\r\n[21]\tWilliams CC and Round J (2007) Re-thinking the nature of the informal economy: Some lessons from Ukraine. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 31(2): 425-\t44. \r\n[22]\tBrown G (2015) Rethinking the origins of homonormativity: The diverse economies of ruralgay life in England and Wales in the 1970s and 1980s. Transactions 40 (4): 549-561. \r\n[23]\tMu\u00f1oz L (2016) Entangled sidewalks: Queer street vendors in Los Angeles.\u201d The Professional Geographer 68(2): 302-308. \r\n[24]\tGidwani V (2013) Six theses on waste, value, and commons. Social and Cultural Geography 14(7): 773-783.\r\n[25]\tHeiliger E (2015) Queer economies, possibilities of queer desires and economic bodies \t(because\u2018the economy\u2019 is not enough). In: eds Dhawan N, Engel A, Holzhey CFE and \tWoltersdorff V Global Justice and Desire: Queering Economy. New York: Routledge, \tpp. 195-212.\r\n[26]\tElbahnasawy NG, Ellis MA and Adom AD (2016) Political instability and the informal economy. World Development 85: 31-42. \r\n[27]\tCommunities Economies Collective (CEC) (2001) \u201cImagining and enacting noncapitalist futures.\u201d Socialist Review 28(3-4): 3-135. Available at: http:\/\/www.communityeconomies.org\/site\/assets\/media\/old%20website%20pdfs\/Papers\/on%20rethinking%20the%20economy\/Imagining%20and%20Enacting.pdf (accessed 25 August 2017).\r\n[28]\tSchneider F (2015) In the shadow of the state - the informal economy and informal \teconomy labor force. DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 5(4): 227-248. \r\n[29]\tRogerson CM (2016) Responding to informality in urban Africa: Street trading in Harare,\tZimbabwe.\u201d Urban Forum 27(2): 229-251.\r\n[30]\tMashaba H (2016) Changing Johannesburg into a city of golden opportunities. Daily Maverick, March 13. Available at: http:\/\/www.dailymaverick.co.za\/opinionista\/2016-03-\t13-changing-johannesburg-into-a-city-of-golden-opportunities\/#.V4yE7ZN95n4 \r\n[31]\tHerman Mashaba, \u201cChanging Johannesburg into a city of golden opportunities,\u201d Daily Maverick, March 13, 2016. Available at: http:\/\/www.dailymaverick.co.za\/opinionista\/2016-03-13-changing-johannesburg-into-a-city-of-golden-opportunities\/#.V4yE7ZN95n4 (accessed 25 August 2017).","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 206, 2024"}