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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'enseignement_de_Ptahhotep_et_sa_pensée_morale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>L'enseignement de Ptahhotep et sa pensée morale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'enseignement_de_Ptahhotep_et_sa_pensée_morale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ptahhotep</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 30 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="بتاح حتب – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بتاح حتب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%BE" title="پتاه‌هتپ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتاه‌هتپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%BA" title="Պտահոթեպ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պտահոթեպ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%ED%83%80%ED%98%B8%ED%85%9D" title="프타호텝 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프타호텝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptaotepe" title="Ptaotepe – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ptaotepe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Птаххотеп – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Птаххотеп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Птахотеп – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Птахотеп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Птаххотеп – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Птаххотеп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ptahhotep" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%94%E9%9C%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE" title="普塔霍特普 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="普塔霍特普" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%94%E9%9C%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE" title="普塔霍特普 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普塔霍特普" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q573606#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Ptahhotep" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Ptahhotep" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Ptahhotep" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete egypte-antique" style="background-color:#CCCCAA;color:black;">Ptahhotep<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r201193685">.mw-parser-output .entete.egypte-antique{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Picto_infobox_ancient_Egypt.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Statuevizir095.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Ptahhotep" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Statuevizir095.jpg/280px-Statuevizir095.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Statuevizir095.jpg/420px-Statuevizir095.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Statuevizir095.jpg/560px-Statuevizir095.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <br />Statues du vizir Ptahhotep, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Imhotep_%C3%A0_Saqqarah" title="Musée d'Imhotep à Saqqarah">musée Imhotep</a>, Saqqarah </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nom en hiéroglyphe </th> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V28.png?f1179" height="38" title="V28 [H]" alt="H" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R4.png?60956" height="15" title="R4 [Htp]" alt="Htp" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /> <img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A1.png?f2968" height="38" title="A1" alt="A1" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Transcription </th> <td>Ptḥ ḥtp </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Période </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ancien_Empire" title="Ancien Empire">Ancien Empire</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dynastie </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Ve dynastie égyptienne"><abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquième">V<sup>e</sup></abbr> dynastie</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Fonction principale </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vizir_dans_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Vizir dans l'Égypte antique">Vizir</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dates de fonction </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Ve dynastie égyptienne"><abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquième">V<sup>e</sup></abbr> dynastie</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ece5ca; color:#000000">Famille</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Conjoint </th> <td>Khâmerernebty </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enfant(s) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Akheth%C3%A9tep_(fils_de_Ptahhotep)" title="Akhethétep (fils de Ptahhotep)">Akhethétep</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ece5ca; color:#000000">Sépulture</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nom </th> <td>D64 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Type </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mastaba" title="Mastaba">mastaba</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Emplacement </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Saqqarah" title="Saqqarah">Saqqarah</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #CCCCAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Personnalit%C3%A9_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Ptahhotep</b> (peut se transcrire aussi par Ptah-hotep ou Ptahotep) est un <a href="/wiki/Vizir_dans_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Vizir dans l'Égypte antique">vizir</a> (<i>tjaty</i>) de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Égypte antique">Égypte antique</a> (environ 2400 av. J.-C.) sous le règne du <a href="/wiki/Pharaon" title="Pharaon">pharaon</a> <a href="/wiki/Djedkar%C3%AA_Is%C3%A9si" title="Djedkarê Isési">Djedkarê Isési</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Ve_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Ve dynastie égyptienne"><abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquième">V<sup>e</sup></abbr> dynastie</a>. </p><p>Il est un grand sage de l'Égypte antique, reconnu comme étant le premier <a href="/wiki/Philosophe" title="Philosophe">philosophe</a> de l'histoire<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sépulture"><span id="S.C3.A9pulture"></span>Sépulture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Sépulture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sépulture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il est enterré dans le <a href="/wiki/Mastaba" title="Mastaba">mastaba</a> D64 à <a href="/wiki/Saqqarah" title="Saqqarah">Saqqarah</a> avec son fils, <a href="/wiki/Akheth%C3%A9tep_(fils_de_Ptahhotep)" title="Akhethétep (fils de Ptahhotep)">Akhethétep</a> et son petit-fils, Ptahhotep <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> (ou Ptahhotep Tjefi). Ils sont tous les trois vizirs et Ptahhotep <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> est également prêtre d'<a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a> sous le titre de <i>imȝḫw ḫr-Inpw ḫnty-Imntyw</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'enseignement_de_Ptahhotep_et_sa_pensée_morale"><span id="L.27enseignement_de_Ptahhotep_et_sa_pens.C3.A9e_morale"></span>L'enseignement de Ptahhotep et sa pensée morale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : L'enseignement de Ptahhotep et sa pensée morale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : L'enseignement de Ptahhotep et sa pensée morale"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il est l'auteur de l'un des plus anciens écrits de sagesse qui nous soit parvenu après les <i><a href="/wiki/Instructions_de_Shuruppak" title="Instructions de Shuruppak">Instructions de Shuruppak</a></i>. Ce texte se nomme <i><a href="/wiki/Enseignement_de_Ptahhotep" title="Enseignement de Ptahhotep">Enseignement de Ptahhotep</a></i> ou <i>Livre des maximes de Ptahhotep</i> et a été retrouvé sur le <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Prisse" title="Papyrus Prisse">papyrus Prisse</a> conservé actuellement à la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">bibliothèque nationale de France</a>. </p><p>Ptahhotep est âgé ; il demande au pharaon l'autorisation de transmettre la tradition à son fils : « les paroles de ceux qui jadis ont écouté les conseils des ancêtres qui obéirent aux dieux ». Il s'agit donc de la mise par écrit de la tradition orale égyptienne ce que vient confirmer la réponse du pharaon : « La majesté de ce dieu a dit : Quant à toi, enseigne lui la parole de la tradition ». </p><p>Ce texte en traitant de l'humilité, de l'art du débat, de la vanité, de justice (la <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A2t" title="Maât">Maât</a>), de l'avidité, du refus de la rumeur, du bon usage de la parole, de l'indulgence, de la nécessité de la bienveillance, de l'écoute, de l'entendement... vise à former les futurs dignitaires égyptiens. Pharaon poursuit par : « Puisse-t-il agir comme un modèle pour les enfants des grands ». </p><p>L'<i><a href="/wiki/Enseignement_de_Ptahhotep" title="Enseignement de Ptahhotep">Enseignement de Ptahhotep</a></i> est un texte fondamental dans les <a href="/wiki/Sagesses_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Sagesses de l'Égypte antique">sagesses égyptiennes</a>, il sera suivi d'autres enseignements dont ceux d'<a href="/wiki/Enseignement_d%27Ani" title="Enseignement d'Ani">Ani</a> (environ -1550) et d'Aménémopé (environ -1000). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="DuQesne2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Terence_DuQesne2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Terence DuQesne, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Jackal Divinities of Egypt <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr> : From the Archaic Period to Dynasty <abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></cite>, Londres, Darengo Publications, coll. « Oxfordshire Communications in Egyptology » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr>), <time>2005</time>, 566 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jackal+Divinities+of+Egypt+I+%3A+From+the+Archaic+Period+to+Dynasty+X&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Darengo+Publications%2C+coll.+%C2%AB+Oxfordshire+Communications+in+Egyptology+%C2%BB+%28%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%22num%C3%A9ro%22%3En%3Csup%3Eo%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3B%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr+%22+title%3D%226%22+%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22+style%3D%22text-transform%3Auppercase%22%3EVI%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%29&rft.aulast=DuQesne&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APtahhotep"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacq2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Jacq2004"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Jacq" title="Christian Jacq">Christian Jacq</a>, <cite class="italique">Les Maximes de Ptah-Hotep, l'enseignement d'un sage au temps des pyramides. Présentation, texte hiéroglyphique et traduction</cite>, <time>2004</time>, 247 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-909816-64-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-909816-64-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-909816-64-7</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-909816-64-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-909816-64-8"><span class="nowrap">2-909816-64-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Maximes+de+Ptah-Hotep%2C+l%27enseignement+d%27un+sage+au+temps+des+pyramides.+Pr%C3%A9sentation%2C+texte+hi%C3%A9roglyphique+et+traduction&rft.aulast=Jacq&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=247&rft.isbn=978-2-909816-64-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APtahhotep"></span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Kosack" title="Wolfgang Kosack">Wolfgang Kosack</a>, <i>Berliner Hefte zur ägyptischen Literatur 1 - 12</i>: Teil <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr>. 1 - 6/ Teil <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>. 7 - 12 (2 Bände). <i>Paralleltexte in Hieroglyphen mit Einführungen und Übersetzung</i>. Heft 7: <i>Die Weisheitslehre des Ptahhotep</i>. Verlag Christoph Brunner, Bâle, 2015. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-906206-11-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-906206-11-0"><span class="nowrap">978-3-906206-11-0</span></a>)</small>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q573606?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/95218359">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000007247357X">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12326706t">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12326706t">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/03218803X">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90712145">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/11859690X">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1392042">Espagne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070973199">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810655448905606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280314105171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2051077">Norvège</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-712145">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Portail de l’Égypte antique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png/36px-Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png/54px-Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png/72px-Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Portail:Égypte antique">Portail de l’Égypte antique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&oldid=201676767">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&oldid=201676767</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Vizir_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Catégorie:Vizir de l'Égypte antique">Vizir de l'Égypte antique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ve_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Catégorie:Ve dynastie égyptienne">Ve dynastie égyptienne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Djedkar%C3%AA_Is%C3%A9si" 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antique/Articles liés">Portail:Égypte antique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Monde_antique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Monde antique/Articles liés">Portail:Monde antique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Afrique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Afrique/Articles liés">Portail:Afrique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Article_biographique" title="Catégorie:Wikipédia:Article biographique">Wikipédia:Article biographique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Biographie/Articles_li%C3%A9s/Culture_et_arts" title="Catégorie:Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts">Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Index_%C3%A9gyptologique" 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