CINXE.COM
NGA Issue Library - National Governors Association
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <!-- Meta Data --> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1 user-scalable=no"> <!-- Favicon --> <link href="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/themes/nga/images/branding/favicon.png" rel="icon" type="image/png"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com --> <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer> var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer"; var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com --> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.4 (Yoast SEO v23.4) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <link media="all" href="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/css/autoptimize_4e28ef14de9b1913c78b366780876d9d.css" rel="stylesheet"><link media="screen" href="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/css/autoptimize_897fdf1ffa0c0b2ed380267025810d76.css" rel="stylesheet"><title>NGA Issue Library - National Governors Association</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nga.org/library/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="NGA Issue Library" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nga.org/library/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="National Governors Association" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/nationalgovernorsassociation" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-08-06T12:16:14+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/nga.share_.light_.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NatlGovsAssoc" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.nga.org/library/","url":"https://www.nga.org/library/","name":"NGA Issue Library - National Governors Association","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nga.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-05-15T20:17:02+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-06T12:16:14+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.nga.org/library/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.nga.org/library/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.nga.org/library/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.nga.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"NGA Issue Library"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nga.org/#website","url":"https://www.nga.org/","name":"National Governors Association","description":"Leading Bipartisan Solutions","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nga.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.nga.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.nga.org/#organization","name":"National Governors Association","url":"https://www.nga.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nga.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/nga.share_.light_.png","contentUrl":"https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/nga.share_.light_.png","width":1200,"height":630,"caption":"National Governors Association"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nga.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/nationalgovernorsassociation","https://x.com/NatlGovsAssoc"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//d3js.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//pro.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="National Governors Association » Feed" href="https://www.nga.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="National Governors Association » Comments Feed" href="https://www.nga.org/comments/feed/" /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--hero-base: #5F259F;--wp--preset--color--pink-base: #991E66;--wp--preset--color--purple-light: #4C4184;--wp--preset--color--purple-dark: #270F3D;--wp--preset--color--yellow-base: #FFBF00;--wp--preset--color--white-base: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--color--gray-light: #F7F8FA;--wp--preset--color--gray-base: #DDDDDD;--wp--preset--color--black-base: #1F1F1F;--wp--preset--color--black-light: #2A2A2A;--wp--preset--color--type-gray-base: #959595;--wp--preset--color--type-black-base: #151515;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--heading-1: 44px;--wp--preset--font-size--heading-2: 38px;--wp--preset--font-size--heading-3: 28px;--wp--preset--font-size--heading-4: 19px;--wp--preset--font-size--heading-5: 17px;--wp--preset--font-size--heading-6: 14px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 15px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='base_fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C700%7CPoppins%3A400%2C600%2C700%2C800&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='icon_fonts-css' href='https://www.nga.org%20https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.8.2/css/all.css%20integrity=sha384-xVVam1KS4+Qt2OrFa+VdRUoXygyKIuNWUUUBZYv+n27STsJ7oDOHJgfF0bNKLMJF%20?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_body_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A400&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_header_text_logo_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A700&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_navigation_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500%2C400%2C%2C&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_front_hero_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A700&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_front_catchphrase_top_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_blog_hero_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A700&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_h1_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_h2_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_h3_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_h4_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_h5_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_h6_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_headline_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A700&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_page_headline_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A700&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_lead_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_csection_header_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A700&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_csection_lead_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_portfolio_title_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_portfolio_category_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A500&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_blockquote_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Peralta%3A400&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ut_global_blog_widgets_headline_font_type-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald%3A700&subset=latin&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-css' href='https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/css/all.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-vlOMx0hKjUCl4WzuhIhSNZSm2yQCaf0mOU1hEDK/iztH3gU4v5NMmJln9273A6Jz" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <style id='moove_gdpr_frontend-inline-css' type='text/css'> #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main h3.tab-title, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main span.tab-title, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li a, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li button, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content .moove-gdpr-branding-cnt a, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder a.mgbutton, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder button.mgbutton, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .cookie-switch .cookie-slider:after, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .cookie-switch .slider:after, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .switch .cookie-slider:after, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .switch .slider:after, #moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content p, #moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content p a, #moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton, #moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content h1, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content h2, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content h3, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content h4, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content h5, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content h6, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content.moove_gdpr_modal_theme_v2 .moove-gdpr-modal-title .tab-title, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content.moove_gdpr_modal_theme_v2 .moove-gdpr-tab-main h3.tab-title, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content.moove_gdpr_modal_theme_v2 .moove-gdpr-tab-main span.tab-title, #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content.moove_gdpr_modal_theme_v2 .moove-gdpr-branding-cnt a { font-weight: inherit } #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar,.gdpr_cookie_settings_shortcode_content{font-family:inherit}#moove_gdpr_save_popup_settings_button{background-color:#373737;color:#fff}#moove_gdpr_save_popup_settings_button:hover{background-color:#000}#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton{background-color:#0a2240}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder a.mgbutton,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder button.mgbutton,.gdpr_cookie_settings_shortcode_content .gdpr-shr-button.button-green{background-color:#0a2240;border-color:#0a2240}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder a.mgbutton:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content .moove-gdpr-button-holder button.mgbutton:hover,.gdpr_cookie_settings_shortcode_content .gdpr-shr-button.button-green:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#0a2240}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close span.gdpr-icon{background-color:#0a2240;border:1px solid #0a2240}#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar span.change-settings-button.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar span.change-settings-button:focus,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar button.change-settings-button.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar button.change-settings-button:focus{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px 3px #0a2240;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 1px 3px #0a2240;box-shadow:0 0 1px 3px #0a2240}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close i:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close span.gdpr-icon:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar span[data-href]>u.change-settings-button{color:#0a2240}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected a span.gdpr-icon,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li.menu-item-selected button span.gdpr-icon{color:inherit}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li a span.gdpr-icon,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li button span.gdpr-icon{color:inherit}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .gdpr-acc-link{line-height:0;font-size:0;color:transparent;position:absolute}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-close:hover i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li a,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li button,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li button i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content #moove-gdpr-menu li a i,#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal .moove-gdpr-modal-content .moove-gdpr-tab-main .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content a:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content span.change-settings-button:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.change-settings-button:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content u.change-settings-button:hover,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar span[data-href]>u.change-settings-button,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a.mgbutton:focus,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button.mgbutton:focus,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content a:focus,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content button:focus,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content span.change-settings-button.focus-g,span.change-settings-button:focus,button.change-settings-button.focus-g,button.change-settings-button:focus,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content u.change-settings-button.focus-g,#moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar.moove-gdpr-dark-scheme .moove-gdpr-info-bar-container .moove-gdpr-info-bar-content u.change-settings-button:focus{color:#0a2240}#moove_gdpr_cookie_modal.gdpr_lightbox-hide{display:none} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-css' href='https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/css/v4-shims.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-tlZ/hMWxtcO6JxnBPYGsa5Oiu1gmAqp/bY7s7G6m5OOCJvcNQ6Fo39YHu4Elr+Hf" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <style id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-inline-css' type='text/css'> @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff") format("woff"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-regular-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.9.0/webfonts/fa-regular-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); unicode-range: U+F004-F005,U+F007,U+F017,U+F022,U+F024,U+F02E,U+F03E,U+F044,U+F057-F059,U+F06E,U+F070,U+F075,U+F07B-F07C,U+F080,U+F086,U+F089,U+F094,U+F09D,U+F0A0,U+F0A4-F0A7,U+F0C5,U+F0C7-F0C8,U+F0E0,U+F0EB,U+F0F3,U+F0F8,U+F0FE,U+F111,U+F118-F11A,U+F11C,U+F133,U+F144,U+F146,U+F14A,U+F14D-F14E,U+F150-F152,U+F15B-F15C,U+F164-F165,U+F185-F186,U+F191-F192,U+F1AD,U+F1C1-F1C9,U+F1CD,U+F1D8,U+F1E3,U+F1EA,U+F1F6,U+F1F9,U+F20A,U+F247-F249,U+F24D,U+F254-F25B,U+F25D,U+F267,U+F271-F274,U+F279,U+F28B,U+F28D,U+F2B5-F2B6,U+F2B9,U+F2BB,U+F2BD,U+F2C1-F2C2,U+F2D0,U+F2D2,U+F2DC,U+F2ED,U+F328,U+F358-F35B,U+F3A5,U+F3D1,U+F410,U+F4AD; } </style> <!--n2css--> <script type="text/javascript" id="search-filter-plugin-build-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var SF_LDATA = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","home_url":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <!-- Google Analytics snippet added by Site Kit --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GT-NS4QM92" id="google_gtagjs-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["www.nga.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "GT-NS4QM92"); /* ]]> */ </script> <!-- End Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.nga.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.nga.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/24195" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.nga.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.nga.org/?p=24195' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nga.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.org%2Flibrary%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.nga.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.org%2Flibrary%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.134.0" /> <!-- Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com --> <!-- GTM Container placement set to footer --> <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer type="text/javascript"> var dataLayer_content = {"pagePostType":"page","pagePostType2":"single-page","pagePostAuthor":"National Governors Association"}; dataLayer.push( dataLayer_content ); </script> <script data-cfasync="false"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NBSQ9FB'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com --><script type="text/javascript"> (function($){ "use strict"; $("html").removeClass("ut-no-js").addClass("ut-js js"); $.fn.reverse = function(){ return this.pushStack(this.get().reverse(), arguments); }; $(document).ready(function(){ var $sitebody = $("#ut-sitebody"); var wait_for_images = true; var check_preloader_status = setInterval(function(){ if( typeof preloader_settings != "undefined" && !preloader_settings.loader_active && !wait_for_images){ $sitebody.addClass("ut-hero-image-preloaded"); clearInterval(check_preloader_status); } else if( typeof preloader_settings === "undefined" && !wait_for_images){ $sitebody.addClass("ut-hero-image-preloaded"); clearInterval( check_preloader_status); } }, 100); function start_hero_animation_process( element){ $sitebody.addClass("ut-hero-image-animated"); $(document.body).on('webkitAnimationStart mozAnimationStart MSAnimationStart oanimationstart animationstart', '#ut-hero .hero-inner .ut-hero-animation-element', function(){ $('#ut-hero .hero-title').delay( 500).queue(function(){ $(this).addClass('hero-title-animated'); }); }); $(element).delay().delay( 600).queue(function(){ $('#ut-hero .ut-hero-animation-element').not('.hero-down-arrow').addClass('ut-hero-animation-element-start'); $('#ut-hero .hero-down-arrow').delay( 200).queue(function(){ $(this).addClass('ut-hero-animation-element-start'); }); }); } var $hero_image_container = $(".parallax-scroll-container", "#ut-hero"); if( $hero_image_container.length){ $hero_image_container.children('.ut-hero-image-animated').waitForImages(function(){ wait_for_images = false; }); $(document.body).on('webkitAnimationEnd mozAnimationEnd MSAnimationEnd oanimationend animationend', '#ut-hero .parallax-scroll-container', function(){ start_hero_animation_process( this); }); } var $hero_imagefader_container = $(".ut-image-fader li", "#ut-hero"); if( $hero_imagefader_container.length){ $hero_imagefader_container.waitForImages(function(){ $sitebody.addClass("ut-hero-image-preloaded"); }); $(document.body).on('webkitAnimationEnd mozAnimationEnd MSAnimationEnd oanimationend animationend', '#ut-hero .ut-image-fader', function(){ start_hero_animation_process( this); }); } var $hero_rain_background_container = $("#ut-rain-background", "#ut-hero"); if( $hero_rain_background_container.length){ $hero_rain_background_container.waitForImages(function(){ $sitebody.addClass("ut-hero-image-preloaded"); }); $(document.body).on('webkitAnimationEnd mozAnimationEnd MSAnimationEnd oanimationend animationend', '#ut-hero canvas', function(){ console.log("finished"); start_hero_animation_process( this); }); } }); })(jQuery); </script><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <!--[if lte IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/css/vc_lte_ie9.min.css" media="screen"><![endif]--> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .barh2{font-size:1.5em; background-color:#4D4084; color:white; padding: 10px;} .barh3{font-size:1.25em; background-color:#444496; color:white; padding: 5px;} a:hover { text-decoration:underline; } .newRightColumn { border-bottom-width: 1px !important; background-color: rgba(243, 244, 245, 0.8) !important; border-bottom-color: #dddddd !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; padding: 10px 20px 0px 20px; float:right; } .h1_white{color:#ffffff;} .blueBoxBorder{border: 1px #0a2240 solid;} .column_left_border{border-left: 1px #0a2240 solid; padding-left:10px;} .grayBackPost{ background-color: #F4F4F4; padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; } .blueBackPost{ background-color: #0a2240; padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; } .purpleNavBox{ background-color: #4D4084; padding: 5px; } .purpleNavInner{ background-color: #EEEEF9; padding: 10px 10px 0px 20px; border: 2px solid #4D4084; margin-top:-10px; } .whiteBackPost{ background-color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; } .bumpBox {padding-top:10px;} .altRow {padding:10px; background-color: #F2F2F2;} .realRow {padding:10px;} .bar2_h2 {font-size:1.5em; background-color:#0A2240; color:white; padding: 10px;} .bar2_h2_alt{font-size:1.5em; background-color:#0A2240; color:white; padding: 10px; text-transform:none;} .bar2_h3 {font-size:1.5em; color:#0A2240; padding: 10px;} .bar2_h4 {font-size:1.2em; color:#0A2240; background-color: #EEEEF9; padding: 10px;} .purpleHR {height:2px;border-width:0;color:#4d4084;background-color:#4d4084;} .listCircle { list-style-type: circle; } .listBlackCircle { list-style-type: disc; } .listStyleNone { list-style-type: none; } .textTransformNone { text-transform:none;} .justifyText {text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-word;} .newImageMediumLeft {height: auto; width:100%; max-width:360px; float:left;} .newImageMediumRight {height: auto; width:100%; max-width:360px; float:right; padding-left:10px;} </style> <noscript><style type="text/css"> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-24195 wp-embed-responsive singular image-filters-enabled ut-vc-disabled ut-spacing-80 ut-has-scroll-top has-no-hero ut-bklyn-multisite group-blog wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-5.6 vc_responsive"> <!-- Site Container --> <div class="site"> <!-- Site Navigation --> <header class="site-topbar " role="banner" aria-label="site navigation"> <div class="site-topbar__container"> <div class="site-topbar__container__left"> <a href="https://www.nga.org" class="logo__link"> <!-- NOTE: Can't get get_custom_logo function to work --> <img src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/themes/nga/images/branding/logo.svg" alt="National Governors Association" class="logo" /> </a> </div> <nav class="site-topbar__container__right"> <div class="menu-main-container"><ul id="menu-main" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-360" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-360"><a href="https://www.nga.org/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1599" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1599"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Governors</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1833" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1833"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/">Governors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2104"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/ngaleadership/">NGA Leadership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-63588" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-63588"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/nga-chairs/">Past Chairs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45608"><a href="https://www.nga.org/former-governors/">Former Governors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1726" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1726"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/spouses/">First Spouses</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9756" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9756"><a href="https://www.nga.org/cog/">Council of Governors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45543"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/elections/">Gubernatorial Elections</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10157" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10157"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/office-functions/">Governors’ Office Functions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10158" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10158"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/powers-and-authority/">Governors’ Powers & Authority</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-604" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-604"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">NGA Center</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-29458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29458"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/">NGA Center for Best Practices</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45192"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/#programs" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Program Areas</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-45193" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45193"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/children-and-families/">Children and Families</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45194" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45194"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/energy/">Energy & Environment</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45201" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45201"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/health/">Health</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45203" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45203"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/homeland-security/">Homeland Security & Cybersecurity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45202" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45202"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45196" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45196"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/k-12-education/">K-12 Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-49794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49794"><a href="https://www.nga.org/land-management-agriculture-and-housing/">Land Management, Agriculture and Housing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45197"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/post-secondary-education/">Postsecondary Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45198" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45198"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/public-safety-legal-counsel/">Public Safety and Legal Counsels</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45199" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45199"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/workforce-development-economic-policy/">Workforce Development & Economic Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-29443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29443"><a href="https://www.nga.org/library/?tx_category=projects">Projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1939"><a href="https://www.nga.org/publications/">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-9143"><a href="https://www.nga.org/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1940"><a href="https://www.nga.org/meetings/">Meeting Materials</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-710"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Government Relations</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-23010" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23010"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/">Government Relations Homepage</a></li> <li id="menu-item-35025" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-35025"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/library/">Advocacy Communications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1837"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/nga-committees/">NGA Committees, Task Forces & Council of Governors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2105"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/ngaleadership/">NGA Leadership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-23253" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23253"><a href="https://www.nga.org/newsroom/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28642" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28642"><a href="https://www.nga.org/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-1707"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-30068" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-24195 current_page_item menu-item-30068"><a href="https://www.nga.org/library/" aria-current="page">NGA Issue Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1845"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/meetings/">NGA Meetings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1257" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1257"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/ngapartners/">NGA Partners</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1016"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/staff-directory/">Staff Directory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2245" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2245"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/careers/">Careers at NGA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42640" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-42640"><a href="https://www.nga.org/updates/state-government-jobs/">State Government Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-323" class="contact-us menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-323"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/#contact-section">Contact</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </nav> <div class="site-topbar__search"> <button type="button" name="button" class="site-topbar__search__button"> <i class="fas fa-search is-active" aria-label="open search form"></i> <i class="fas fa-times" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="close search form"></i> </button> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.nga.org/"> <input type="search" value="" name="s" class="search-form__input" placeholder="Search content by a keyword" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" class="button--primary search-form__btn" /> </form> </div> </div> <div class="site-topbar__container-mobile"> <div class="site-topbar__container-mobile__face"> <div class="site-topbar__container__left"> <a href="https://www.nga.org" class="logo__link"> <!-- NOTE: Can't get get_custom_logo function to work --> <img src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/themes/nga/images/branding/logo.svg" alt="National Governors Association" class="logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="site-topbar__container__right"> <a href="#" role="button" class="site-topbar__mobile-trigger"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> <i class="fas fa-times"></i> </a> </div> </div> <nav class="site-topbar__mobile-menu"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.nga.org/"> <input type="search" value="" name="s" class="search-form__input" placeholder="Search content by a keyword" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" class="button--primary search-form__btn" /> </form> <div class="menu-main-container"><ul id="menu-main-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-360"><a href="https://www.nga.org/">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1599"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Governors</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1833"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/">Governors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2104"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/ngaleadership/">NGA Leadership</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-63588"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/nga-chairs/">Past Chairs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45608"><a href="https://www.nga.org/former-governors/">Former Governors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1726"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/spouses/">First Spouses</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9756"><a href="https://www.nga.org/cog/">Council of Governors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45543"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/elections/">Gubernatorial Elections</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10157"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/office-functions/">Governors’ Office Functions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10158"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/powers-and-authority/">Governors’ Powers & Authority</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-604"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">NGA Center</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29458"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/">NGA Center for Best Practices</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45192"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/#programs" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Program Areas</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45193"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/children-and-families/">Children and Families</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45194"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/energy/">Energy & Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45201"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/health/">Health</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45203"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/homeland-security/">Homeland Security & Cybersecurity</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-45202"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45196"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/k-12-education/">K-12 Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49794"><a href="https://www.nga.org/land-management-agriculture-and-housing/">Land Management, Agriculture and Housing</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45197"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/post-secondary-education/">Postsecondary Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45198"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/public-safety-legal-counsel/">Public Safety and Legal Counsels</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45199"><a href="https://www.nga.org/bestpractices/workforce-development-economic-policy/">Workforce Development & Economic Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29443"><a href="https://www.nga.org/library/?tx_category=projects">Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1939"><a href="https://www.nga.org/publications/">Publications</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-9143"><a href="https://www.nga.org/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1940"><a href="https://www.nga.org/meetings/">Meeting Materials</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-710"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Government Relations</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23010"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/">Government Relations Homepage</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-35025"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/library/">Advocacy Communications</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1837"><a href="https://www.nga.org/advocacy/nga-committees/">NGA Committees, Task Forces & Council of Governors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2105"><a href="https://www.nga.org/governors/ngaleadership/">NGA Leadership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23253"><a href="https://www.nga.org/newsroom/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28642"><a href="https://www.nga.org/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-1707"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-24195 current_page_item menu-item-30068"><a href="https://www.nga.org/library/" aria-current="page">NGA Issue Library</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1845"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/meetings/">NGA Meetings</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1257"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/ngapartners/">NGA Partners</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1016"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/staff-directory/">Staff Directory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2245"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/careers/">Careers at NGA</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-42640"><a href="https://www.nga.org/updates/state-government-jobs/">State Government Careers</a></li> <li class="contact-us menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-323"><a href="https://www.nga.org/about/#contact-section">Contact</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </header> <!-- <div class="clear"></div> --> <div class="grid-container"> <div id="primary" class="grid-parent grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 global "> <div id="post-24195" class="post-24195 page type-page status-publish hentry entry"> <div class="grid-100 mobile-grid-100 tablet-grid-100"> <div class="entry-content clearfix"> <!-- // NOTE: Not sure of a better way to handle this at this time. --> <style media="screen"> .page-hero__right, .page-hero__right::before { background-color: #0a2240} </style> <section aria-labelledby="" class="page-hero page-hero--block"> <div class="page-hero__container"> <div class="page-hero__left"> <div class="image__container"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NGA_Library.jpg" alt="" class="image" /> </div> </div> <div class="page-hero__right"> <div class="page-hero__right__container"> <h1 class="title">NGA Library</h1> <p class="text">Our nation’s Governors are dedicated to leading bipartisan solutions that improve citizens’ lives. Through NGA, Governors identify priority issues and deal with matters of public policy and governance at the state, national and global levels. NGA teams work side-by-side with state leaders to identify challenges and develop solutions. View NGA products below, filterable by content type and topic.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="pt-cv-wrapper"><div class="cvp-live-filter cvp-dropdown " id="" data-name="tx_category" data-sid="50772d119t" data-isblock="" data-postid=""><label class="cvp-label">Type</label><select name="tx_category"><option value="">All</option><option value="advocacy-communications" >Advocacy Communications</option><option value="commentary" selected>Commentary</option><option value="press-releases" >Press Releases</option><option value="meetings" >Meeting Materials</option><option value="projects" >Projects</option><option value="publications" >Publications</option><option value="webinars" >Webinars</option><option value="annual-winter-meetings" >Annual/Winter Meetings</option><option value="issues" >Issues</option><option value="updates" >Updates</option></select></div><div class="cvp-live-filter cvp-dropdown " id="" data-name="tx_post_tag" data-sid="50772d119t" data-isblock="" data-postid=""><label class="cvp-label">Topic</label><select name="tx_post_tag"><option value="">All</option><option value="academic-recovery-summer-learning-and-enrichment" >Academic Supports</option><option value="aces" >ACES</option><option value="annual-winter-meetings" >Annual/Winter Meetings</option><option value="behavioral-health" >Behavioral Health</option><option value="broadband" >Broadband</option><option value="children-and-families" >Children and Families</option><option value="cog" >COG</option><option value="coronavirus-posts" >Coronavirus</option><option value="cybersecurity" >Cybersecurity</option><option value="defense-national-guard" >Defense/National Guard</option><option value="digital-literacy" >Digital Literacy</option><option value="disagree-better" >Disagree Better</option><option value="economic-development-and-revitalization-task-force" >Economic Development and Revitalization Task Force</option><option value="economic-policy" >Economic Policy</option><option value="education" >Education</option><option value="education-workforce-community-investment-task-force" >Education, Workforce and Community Investment Task Force</option><option value="educator-workforce" >Educator Workforce</option><option value="electric-vehicles" >Electric Vehicles</option><option value="energy" >Energy</option><option value="energy-security" >Energy Security</option><option value="environment" >Environment</option><option value="equity" >Equity</option><option value="fftf" >FFTF</option><option value="health-equity" >Health Equity</option><option value="healthcare-delivery" >Healthcare Delivery</option><option value="healthcare-workforce" >Healthcare Workforce</option><option value="housing" >Housing</option><option value="infrastructure" >Infrastructure</option><option value="k-12-education" >K-12 Education</option><option value="lets-get-ready" >Lets Get Ready</option><option value="mih" >Maternal and Infant Health</option><option value="medicaid" >Medicaid</option><option value="outdoor" >Outdoor</option><option value="permitting" >Permitting</option><option value="postsecondary-education" >Postsecondary Education</option><option value="public-health" >Public Health</option><option value="public-health-and-disaster-response-task-force" >Public Health And Disaster Response Task Force</option><option value="public-safety-legal-counsels" >Public Safety and Legal Counsels</option><option value="resilience" >Resilience</option><option value="rural" >Rural</option><option value="rural-econ_workforce" >Rural Economic and Workforce Development</option><option value="rural-energy" >Rural Energy and Broadband</option><option value="rural-healthcare" >Rural Healthcare</option><option value="student-and-staff-well-being" >Student and Staff Well-being</option><option value="sud" >SUD</option><option value="transportation" >Transportation</option><option value="work-based-learning" >Work Based Learning</option><option value="workforce-and-community-investment-task-force" >Workforce and Community Investment Task Force</option><option value="workforce-development" >Workforce Development</option><option value="youth-apprenticeship" >Youth Apprenticeship</option><option value="youth-mental-health" >Youth Mental Health</option></select></div><div class="pt-cv-view pt-cv-pinterest pt-cv-colsys pt-cv-shadow pt-cv-bb pt-cv-pgregular cvp-lfres" id="pt-cv-view-50772d119t"><div data-id="pt-cv-page-1" class="pt-cv-page" data-cvc="3"><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68168"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/state-of-the-state-2025/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023_SOTS_ImageOnly-150x150.png" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="State of the State – 2025" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/state-of-the-state-2025/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >State of the State – 2025</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">Governors of America's Commonwealths, States and Territories are outlining their priorities for 2025. To showcase their leadership and priorities for ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/state-of-the-state-2025/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="69136"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/using-plain-language-for-effective-health-communication/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/plain_language_graphic-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Using Plain Language for Effective Health Communication" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/using-plain-language-for-effective-health-communication/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Using Plain Language for Effective Health Communication</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">Governors are focused on improving the health and well-being of their constituents, and health communication is a tool that can ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/using-plain-language-for-effective-health-communication/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68624"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/educating-all-americans-for-success/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Polis_School_Visit-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Educating All Americans for Success" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/educating-all-americans-for-success/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Educating All Americans for Success</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">Last July, at the NGA Summer Meeting in Salt Lake City, Colorado Governor Jared Polis was elected Chair of the ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/educating-all-americans-for-success/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68604"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/hard-at-workforce-development/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Workforce_Kelly-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Hard at Work(force) Development" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/hard-at-workforce-development/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Hard at Work(force) Development</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">The NGA Center’s Workforce Development team had a busy fall with new publications on Actualizing the Promise of Youth Apprenticeship, ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/hard-at-workforce-development/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="69407"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governors-work-together-on-bipartisan-education-solutions/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="108" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Nations-Report-Card-on-Education.jpeg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Governors Work Together on Bipartisan Education Solutions" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governors-work-together-on-bipartisan-education-solutions/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Governors Work Together on Bipartisan Education Solutions</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">Governors aren’t focused on whether ideas are red or blue; we’re focused on finding policy solutions that work. Colorado Governor ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governors-work-together-on-bipartisan-education-solutions/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68652"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-to-innovate/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IWP2547_111-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Let’s Get Ready to Innovate" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-to-innovate/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Let’s Get Ready to Innovate</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">The Let’s Get Ready! initiative examines a different facet of education at each convening, and the Las Vegas gathering focused ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-to-innovate/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68616"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governor-youngkin-state-housing-advisors-shift-the-conversation-on-housing/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Housing_1_1-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Governor Youngkin, State Housing Advisors Shift the Conversation on Housing" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governor-youngkin-state-housing-advisors-shift-the-conversation-on-housing/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Governor Youngkin, State Housing Advisors Shift the Conversation on Housing</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">“We know we have a housing accessibility and affordability crisis across America.” Addressing the 2024 NGA Housing Policy Advisors Institute, ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governor-youngkin-state-housing-advisors-shift-the-conversation-on-housing/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68509"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-students-ready-for-success/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/LGR_NV_Commentary2_2-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Let’s Get Students Ready for Success" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-students-ready-for-success/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Let’s Get Students Ready for Success</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">Ensuring all American high school students graduate with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed following graduation is at the ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-students-ready-for-success/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68069"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governors-prioritizing-financial-literacy/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/financial_literacy-1-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Governors Prioritizing Financial Literacy" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governors-prioritizing-financial-literacy/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Governors Prioritizing Financial Literacy</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">The importance of financial literacy is clear. It allows people to make informed decisions related to budgeting, saving, borrowing and ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/governors-prioritizing-financial-literacy/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68365"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-for-ai-in-education/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/LGR_NV_Commentary1-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Let’s Get Ready for AI in Education" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-for-ai-in-education/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Let’s Get Ready for AI in Education</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">As part of the Let’s Get Ready! Educating All Americans for Success initiative, NGA Chair Colorado Governor Jared Polis is ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-for-ai-in-education/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="68158"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/new-mexico-bridge-team-presents-to-state-policy-officials-on-best-practices-for-engaging-with-hospitals/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/NewMexicoBridge-150x150.png" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="New Mexico Bridge Team Presents to State Policy Officials on Best Practices for Engaging with Hospitals" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/new-mexico-bridge-team-presents-to-state-policy-officials-on-best-practices-for-engaging-with-hospitals/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >New Mexico Bridge Team Presents to State Policy Officials on Best Practices for Engaging with Hospitals</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">The National Governors Association (NGA) Center for Best Practices health team welcomed representatives from the New Mexico Bridge project last ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/new-mexico-bridge-team-presents-to-state-policy-officials-on-best-practices-for-engaging-with-hospitals/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pt-cv-content-item pt-cv-2-col" data-pid="67953"><div class='pt-cv-pinmas'><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-to-better-measure-success/" class="_self pt-cv-href-thumbnail pt-cv-thumb-right cvplbd" target="_self" ><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/LGR_Denver2_2-150x150.jpg" class="pt-cv-thumbnail img-none pull-right skip-lazy " alt="Let’s Get Ready to Better Measure Success" /></a> <h4 class="pt-cv-title"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-to-better-measure-success/" class="_self cvplbd" target="_self" >Let’s Get Ready to Better Measure Success</a></h4> <div class="pt-cv-content">Let’s Get Ready: Educating All Americans for Success is designed to support Governors in driving innovation to tackle opportunity gaps ...<br /><div class="pt-cv-rmwrap"><a href="https://www.nga.org/news/commentary/lets-get-ready-to-better-measure-success/" class="_self pt-cv-readmore btn btn-success cvplbd" target="_self">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="text-left pt-cv-pagination-wrapper"><ul class="pt-cv-pagination pt-cv-ajax pagination" data-totalpages="23" data-currentpage="1" data-sid="50772d119t" data-unid="" data-isblock="" data-postid=""><li class="active"><a href="#">1</a></li> <li ><a class="" href="https://www.nga.org/library/?_page=2&tx_category=commentary">2</a></li> <li ><a class="" href="https://www.nga.org/library/?_page=3&tx_category=commentary">3</a></li> <li ><a href="#">…</a></li> <li ><a class="" href="https://www.nga.org/library/?_page=23&tx_category=commentary">23</a></li> <li ><a class=" " href="https://www.nga.org/library/?_page=2&tx_category=commentary">›</a></li> </ul><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="pt-cv-spinner" alt="Loading..." src="data:image/gif;base64,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" /><div class="clear pt-cv-clear-pagination"></div></div></div> <style type="text/css" id="pt-cv-inline-style-3c5f2b4txp">#pt-cv-view-50772d119t .pt-cv-title a, #pt-cv-view-50772d119t .panel-title { font-weight: 600 !important; }</style> <div style="height:100px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </div> </div><!-- #post --> </div><!-- close #primary --> </div><!-- close grid-container --> <div class="ut-scroll-up-waypoint" data-section="section-library"></div> <footer role="contentinfo" class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__container"> <div class="site-footer__action"> <a id="footer-top" href="#top" class="site-footer__action__link scroll-top"> <!-- <i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i> --> <i class="fas fa-chevron-double-up"></i> </a> </div> <!-- Convert to Widget In Future --> <div class="site-footer__container__left"> <h5 class="title">We <i class="fas fa-heart"></i> state solutions</h5> <p class="dateline">© <time>2025</time> NGA. All rights reserved.</p> </div> <nav class="site-footer__container__right"> <!-- Convert to Widget In Future --> <ul class="site-footer__nav"> <li class="site-footer__nav__item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-governors-association/" target="_blank" class="site-footer__nav__link" aria-label="LinkedIn"> <i class="fab fa-linkedin"></i> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPk5LFlePYG_NVBOcjZC5Qg" target="_blank" class="site-footer__nav__link" aria-label="YouTube"> <i class="fab fa-youtube"></i> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/governors_nga/" target="_blank" class="site-footer__nav__link" aria-label="Instagram"> <i class="fab fa-instagram"></i> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/NatlGovsAssoc" target="_blank" class="site-footer__nav__link" aria-label="Twitter"> <i class="fab fa-twitter-square"></i> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationalgovernorsassociation" target="_blank" class="site-footer__nav__link" aria-label="Facebook"> <i class="fab fa-facebook-square"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </footer> </div> <!-- GTM Container placement set to footer --> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NBSQ9FB" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" aria-hidden="true"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!--copyscapeskip--> <aside id="moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar" class="moove-gdpr-info-bar-hidden moove-gdpr-align-center moove-gdpr-dark-scheme gdpr_infobar_postion_bottom" aria-label="GDPR Cookie Banner" style="display: none;"> <div class="moove-gdpr-info-bar-container"> <div class="moove-gdpr-info-bar-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-cookie-notice"> <p>This website uses cookies for functionality and helping our team understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Please see our <a href="https://www.nga.org/about/privacy-policy/">privacy policy</a> for more information.</p> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-cookie-notice --> <div class="moove-gdpr-button-holder"> <button class="mgbutton moove-gdpr-infobar-allow-all gdpr-fbo-0" aria-label="OK" >OK</button> </div> <!-- .button-container --> </div> <!-- moove-gdpr-info-bar-content --> </div> <!-- moove-gdpr-info-bar-container --> </aside> <!-- #moove_gdpr_cookie_info_bar --> <!--/copyscapeskip--> <script type="text/javascript"> function genesisBlocksShare( url, title, w, h ){ var left = ( window.innerWidth / 2 )-( w / 2 ); var top = ( window.innerHeight / 2 )-( h / 2 ); return window.open(url, title, 'toolbar=no, location=no, directories=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=no, resizable=no, copyhistory=no, width=600, height=600, top='+top+', left='+left); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nga.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/www.nga.org\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pt-cv-content-views-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var PT_CV_PUBLIC = {"_prefix":"pt-cv-","page_to_show":"5","_nonce":"11bb57aef6","is_admin":"","is_mobile":"","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","lang":"","loading_image_src":"data:image\/gif;base64,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","is_mobile_tablet":"","sf_no_post_found":"No posts found.","lf__separator":","}; var PT_CV_PAGINATION = {"first":"\u00ab","prev":"\u2039","next":"\u203a","last":"\u00bb","goto_first":"Go to first page","goto_prev":"Go to previous page","goto_next":"Go to next page","goto_last":"Go to last page","current_page":"Current page is","goto_page":"Go to page"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ut-sc-plugin-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var utShortcode = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://d3js.org/d3.v5.min.js?ver=0.0.1" id="d3js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"yy-mm-dd","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="unitedthemes-init-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var retina_logos = {"sitelogo_retina":"","alternate_logo_retina":"","overlay_sitelogo_retina":""}; var site_settings = {"type":"multisite","siteframe_size":"40","siteframe_top":"40","siteframe_right":"40","siteframe_bottom":"40","siteframe_left":"40","navigation":"default","header_scroll_position":"floating","lg_download":"","mobile_nav_open":"","mobile_nav_is_animating":"","mobile_hero_passed":"","scrollDisabled":"","button_particle_effects":{"send":{"type":"circle","style":"fill","canvasPadding":150,"duration":1000,"easing":"easeInOutCubic"},"upload":{"type":"triangle","easing":"easeOutQuart","size":6,"particlesAmountCoefficient":4,"oscillationCoefficient ":2},"delete":{"type":"rectangle","duration":500,"easing":"easeOutQuad","direction":"top","size":8},"submit":{"direction":"right","size":4,"speed":1,"particlesAmountCoefficient":1.5,"oscillationCoefficient":1},"refresh":{"duration":1300,"easing":"easeInExpo","size":3,"speed":1,"particlesAmountCoefficient":10,"oscillationCoefficient":1},"bookmark":{"direction":"bottom","duration":1000,"easing":"easeInExpo"},"subscribe":{"type":"rectangle","style":"stroke","size":15,"duration":600,"easing":"easeOutQuad","oscillationCoefficient":5,"particlesAmountCoefficient":2,"direction":"right"},"logout":{"type":"triangle","style":"stroke","direction":"right","size":5,"duration":1400,"speed":1.5,"oscillationCoefficient":15},"addtocart":{"duration":500,"easing":"easeOutQuad","speed":0.1,"particlesAmountCoefficient":10,"oscillationCoefficient":80},"pause":{"direction":"right","size":4,"duration":1200,"easing":"easeInCubic","particlesAmountCoefficient":8,"speed":0.4,"oscillationCoefficient":1},"register":{"style":"stroke","direction":"bottom","duration":1200,"easing":"easeOutSine","speed":0.7,"oscillationCoefficient":5},"export":{"type":"triangle","easing":"easeOutSine","size":3,"duration":800,"particlesAmountCoefficient":7,"speed":3,"oscillationCoefficient":1}},"menu_locations":{"navigation":"primary","navigation-secondary":"secondary","ut-header-primary-extra-module":"header_primary","ut-header-secondary-extra-module":"header_secondary","ut-header-tertiary-extra-module":"header_tertiary"},"brooklyn_header_scroll_offset":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="moove_gdpr_frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var moove_frontend_gdpr_scripts = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","post_id":"24195","plugin_dir":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/gdpr-cookie-compliance","show_icons":"all","is_page":"1","ajax_cookie_removal":"false","strict_init":"1","enabled_default":{"third_party":0,"advanced":0},"geo_location":"false","force_reload":"false","is_single":"","hide_save_btn":"false","current_user":"0","cookie_expiration":"365","script_delay":"2000","close_btn_action":"1","close_btn_rdr":"","scripts_defined":"{\"cache\":true,\"header\":\"\",\"body\":\"\",\"footer\":\"\",\"thirdparty\":{\"header\":\"\",\"body\":\"\",\"footer\":\"\"},\"advanced\":{\"header\":\"\",\"body\":\"\",\"footer\":\"\"}}","gdpr_scor":"true","wp_lang":"","wp_consent_api":"false"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="moove_gdpr_frontend-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gdpr_consent__strict = "false" var gdpr_consent__thirdparty = "false" var gdpr_consent__advanced = "false" var gdpr_consent__cookies = "" /* ]]> */ </script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <script id='pt-cv-append-scripts'>if( typeof PT_CV_PAGINATION !== 'undefined' ) { PT_CV_PAGINATION.links = {"page_1":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/library\/?tx_category=commentary","page_n":"https:\/\/www.nga.org\/library\/?_page=_CVNUMBER_&tx_category=commentary"}; } </script> <!--copyscapeskip--> <!-- V1 --> <div id="moove_gdpr_cookie_modal" class="gdpr_lightbox-hide" role="complementary" aria-label="GDPR Settings Screen"> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-content moove-clearfix logo-position-left moove_gdpr_modal_theme_v1"> <button class="moove-gdpr-modal-close" aria-label="Close GDPR Cookie Settings"> <span class="gdpr-sr-only">Close GDPR Cookie Settings</span> <span class="gdpr-icon moovegdpr-arrow-close"></span> </button> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-left-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-company-logo-holder"> <img src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NGA-Logo-Brandmark-Dark-265x300.png" alt="" width="265" height="300" class="img-responsive" /> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-company-logo-holder --> <ul id="moove-gdpr-menu"> <li class="menu-item-on menu-item-privacy_overview menu-item-selected"> <button data-href="#privacy_overview" class="moove-gdpr-tab-nav" aria-label="Privacy Overview"> <span class="gdpr-nav-tab-title">Privacy Overview</span> </button> </li> <li class="menu-item-strict-necessary-cookies menu-item-off"> <button data-href="#strict-necessary-cookies" class="moove-gdpr-tab-nav" aria-label="Strictly Necessary Cookies"> <span class="gdpr-nav-tab-title">Strictly Necessary Cookies</span> </button> </li> </ul> <div class="moove-gdpr-branding-cnt"> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-branding --> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-modal-left-content --> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-right-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-title"> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-modal-ritle --> <div class="main-modal-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-tab-content"> <div id="privacy_overview" class="moove-gdpr-tab-main"> <span class="tab-title">Privacy Overview</span> <div class="moove-gdpr-tab-main-content"> <p>This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognizing you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Please see our <a href="https://www.nga.org/about/privacy-policy/">privacy policy</a> for more information.</p> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content --> </div> <!-- #privacy_overview --> <div id="strict-necessary-cookies" class="moove-gdpr-tab-main" style="display:none"> <span class="tab-title">Strictly Necessary Cookies</span> <div class="moove-gdpr-tab-main-content"> <p>Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings.</p> <div class="moove-gdpr-status-bar "> <div class="gdpr-cc-form-wrap"> <div class="gdpr-cc-form-fieldset"> <label class="cookie-switch" for="moove_gdpr_strict_cookies"> <span class="gdpr-sr-only">Enable or Disable Cookies</span> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Strictly Necessary Cookies" value="check" name="moove_gdpr_strict_cookies" id="moove_gdpr_strict_cookies"> <span class="cookie-slider cookie-round" data-text-enable="Enabled" data-text-disabled="Disabled"></span> </label> </div> <!-- .gdpr-cc-form-fieldset --> </div> <!-- .gdpr-cc-form-wrap --> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-status-bar --> <div class="moove-gdpr-strict-warning-message" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <p>If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again.</p> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content --> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-tab-main-content --> </div> <!-- #strict-necesarry-cookies --> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-tab-content --> </div> <!-- .main-modal-content --> <div class="moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content"> <div class="moove-gdpr-button-holder"> <button class="mgbutton moove-gdpr-modal-allow-all button-visible" aria-label="Enable All">Enable All</button> <button class="mgbutton moove-gdpr-modal-save-settings button-visible" aria-label="Save Changes">Save Changes</button> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-button-holder --> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-modal-footer-content --> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-modal-right-content --> <div class="moove-clearfix"></div> </div> <!-- .moove-gdpr-modal-content --> </div> <!-- #moove_gdpr_cookie_modal --> <!--/copyscapeskip--> <script defer src="https://www.nga.org/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/js/autoptimize_a012cb401c21359a44a4b2ea583c5aa3.js"></script></body> </html>