Defect and Diffusion Forum Vol. 353

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class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/DDF">Defect and Diffusion Forum</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><span class="bread-crumbs-second">Defect and Diffusion Forum Vol. 353</span></div> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin"> <h1 class="page-name-block-text">Defect and Diffusion Forum Vol. 353</h1> </div> <div class="clearfix title-details"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.353">https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.353</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="titleMarcXmlLink" style="display: none" class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Export:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/DDF.353/marc.xml">MARCXML</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>ToC:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/DDF.353_toc.pdf">Table of Contents</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="volume-tabs"> </div> <div class=""> <div class="volume-papers-page"> <div class="block-search-pagination clearfix"> <div class="block-search-volume"> <input id="paper-search" type="search" placeholder="Search" maxlength="65"> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/2">2</a></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/3">3</a></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/4">4</a></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/5">5</a></li><li class="PagedList-ellipses"><a class="PagedList-skipToNext" href="/DDF.353/6" rel="next">…</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/DDF.353/2" rel="next">></a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToLast"><a href="/DDF.353/6">>></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="block-volume-title normal-text-gray"> <p> Paper Title <span>Page</span> </p> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.-5">Preface and Committees</a> </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.1">Random Walk</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: John N. Mundy </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395600" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Random walk is the central concept in the mathematical formalization of the diffusion coefficient and so when asked a year ago to present a talk at a diffusion conference it appeared to be a totally appropriate topic. I spent most of my career studying diffusion and even after twenty years in retirement I believed I could write an interesting story about the importance of random walk to diffusion. Unfortunately when I sat down to write I discovered two problems: in the majority of materials that I investigated atoms did follow a random walk; and the history of random walk has been well documented and shows little connection to diffusion. The phrase was coined in 1905 at a time of rapid changes in physics. Scientists are not accustomed to writing history and as Henry Ford said around the same period of time “History is bunk”. He also remarked, "You can have any color (car) as long as it's black". This essay presents my story (not his- or her- tory) of why the use of the phrase <i>random walk </i>in discussions of diffusion in solids is also bunk. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395600', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 1 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.8">Analysis of Laser Weldments for Dual-Phase and Martensitic Steel Sheets for Automotive Applications</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Young Nam Ahn, Min Jung Kang, Cheol Hee Kim </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395611" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Laser weldability was investigated for advanced high-strength steel sheets for automotive applications. Dual-phase steel (DP780) and martensitic steel (MS1300) sheets were employed as base materials; laser-butt and overlap welding experiments were conducted on combinations of steels with similar and dissimilar strength. The tensile strength and metallurgical morphology were analysed for the butt-welded specimens; tensile-shear strength and bead shapes were analysed for the overlap-welded specimens. Even with laser welding, martensite in the heat-affected zone disintegrated and resulted in a softened, heat-affected zone as compared with the base materials. The tensile strength of a butt weldment was determined by the strength of the heat-affected zone. The tensile-shear strength of an overlap weldment was determined by not only the strength of the heat-affected zone but also bead shapes such as blow holes, underfill, and the bead width at the faying surface. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395611', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 8 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.13">Infrared Monitoring of Inner Defects in Glass Laminates</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Ivan Kopal, Pavel Koštial, Ivo Špička, Zora Jančíková, Jana Müllerová, Marta Harničarová, Jan Valíček, Vladimír Rusnák </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395622" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: In this paper, we present some distinguished methods of the digital thermograms software treatment which allows the visualization of hidden defects in glass fabric laminates, which are not usually visible in standard raw thermograms. The results of the software treatment are tested on artificial defects in glass laminate plates. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395622', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 13 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.17">Experimental Study of Micro-Cracks in Laboratory and <i>In</i><i> </i><i>Si</i><i>tu</i> Using Infrared Thermography</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: E. Barreira, S.S. de Freitas, V.P. de Freitas, João M.P.Q. Delgado </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395633" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Non-destructive techniques are essential to detect common pathologies and analyse the building behaviour. Infrared thermography is a testing technology that has been applied to buildings diagnosis for some decades. However, there are still some applications which are not yet completely explored like the detection of micro-cracks on façade coating materials. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395633', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 17 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.23">Sensibility Analysis of the Parameters Affecting Infrared Thermal Images for the Evaluation of Building Pathologies</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: E. Barreira, S.S. de Freitas, V.P. de Freitas, João M.P.Q. Delgado </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395644" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Infrared thermography is a non destructive testing technology that has been applied to detect buildings pathologies for some decades. The thermograms are affected by several parameters and it is crucial to fully understand them in order to correctly interpret the temperature readings. The infrared radiation is affected by the radiation emitted by the surface and the radiation reflected and emitted by the surroundings. Therefore there are two kinds of parameters that affect the infrared images: parameters connected to the properties of the material itself and parameters connected with the environmental conditions. In this paper we present a sensibility study of the main parameters involved with infrared thermography evaluations to detect building pathologies. To do so, some simple experiments were carried out at the Building Physics Laboratory (LFC) of the Engineering Faculty of Porto University (FEUP). The sensibility study was performed with LFC’s equipment to evaluate how measurements are influenced by emissivity, reflections, absorptance and the meteorological conditions. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395644', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 23 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.28">Comparison of Performance and Emission Parameters in Two Developmental Stages of Boilers</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Jana Müllerová, Jan Valíček, Marta Harničarová </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395652" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: To meet the high demands of customers for low temperature boilers, a semi-automatic boiler MAGA PU 25 was developed. One of the main customer requirements is to get the best price-quality ratio. Another very important requirement is to meet emission standards. At the time of development of the boiler PU 25, the European standard STN EN 303-5 was valid in Slovakia. Because this boiler did not satisfy the strictest performance criteria, a new type of the boiler, i.e. boiler MAGA P 20, was designed; as a result of design modifications, this boiler fulfils these criteria. The article compares the designs and the results of testing both the boilers using a test fuel in an accredited laboratory. The article deals with testing a new biomass boiler developed to satisfy the highest safety and emission criteria. It presents the comparison of two boilers, namely the standard biomass boiler PU 20 and the latest P 20 version with specific design modifications. Laboratory tests have shown an increase in combustion efficiency to the desired level. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395652', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 28 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.33">Studies on the Treatment of Wastewaters Containing Cr<sup>6+</sup> with Iron Oxide-Silica Composite Materials Prepared by Different Methods</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Rafique Ullah, Biplob Kumer Deb, Mohammad Yousuf Ali Mollah </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395653" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Chromium (VI) is known to be carcinogenic to humans and thus it is important to ensure the removal of Chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents. The present study introduces a good alternative method for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions at ambient temperature by adsorption, allowing the development of newer, lower operational cost, and more efficient technology than other processes already in use. Adsorption was found to be dependent on pH and initial concentration of Cr (VI) solution. Results of adsorption studies suggest that pristine iron oxide and silicon (IV) oxide removes 72.10% and 24.73%, respectively. The iron oxide – silicon (IV) oxide composite, prepared in this work, removes 93.88% Cr (VI) in 20 minutes from aqueous solution at an initial concentration of 50 mgL<sup>-1</sup> at pH 4.8 ± 0.2. The effect of concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and solution pH on the adsorption of Cr (VI) were studied in detail in batch experiments. Studies of the sorption kinetics shows that equilibrium adsorption was attained in 20 minutes depending on other experimental conditions. The kinetic data justified Lagergren’s first-order kinetic equation. Adsorption isotherm study showed that the results fulfilled the Langmuir Model of adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption (98.28%) was recorded at pH 3 in 90 minutes for the initial Cr (VI) concentration of 50 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Therefore, it can be concluded that iron oxide – silicon (IV) oxide composite is a potential adsorbent for adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395653', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 33 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.39">Application of Calcium Carbonate in Resin Transfer Molding Process</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Iran Rodrigues, Sandro Campos Amico, R. Barcella, Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395654" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is one of the most widely known composite manufacturing techniques of the liquid molding family, being extensively studied and used to obtain advanced composite materials comprised of fibers embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix. Nowadays, RTM is used by many industrial sectors such as automotive, aerospace, civil and sporting equipment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the effect of calcium carbonate mixed in resin in the RTM process. Several rectilinear infiltration experiments were conducted using glass fiber mat molded in a RTM system with cavity dimensions of 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, room temperature, maximum injection pressure 0.202 bar and different content of CaCO<sub>3</sub> (10 and 40%) with particle size of 75μm. The results show that the use of filled resin with CaCO<sub>3</sub> influences the preform impregnation during the RTM molding, changing the filling time and flow from position, however it is possible to make the composite with a good quality and low cost. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395654', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 39 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/DDF.353.44">Resin Transfer Molding Process: A Numerical Analysis</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Iran Rodrigues, Sandro Campos Amico, Jeferson Avila Souza, Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock395655" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This work aims to investigate the infiltration of a CaCO<sub>3</sub> filled resin using experiments and the PAM-RTM software. A preform of glass fiber mat, with dimensions 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, has been used for experiments conducted at room temperature, with injection pressure of 0.25bar. The resin contained 10 and 40% CaCO<sub>3</sub> content with particle size 38μm. The numerical results were evaluated by direct comparison with experimental data. The flat flow-front profile of the rectilinear flow was reached approximately halfway the length of the mold. It was observed, that the speed of the filling decreases with increasing CaCO<sub>3</sub> content and,the higher the amount of CaCO<sub>3</sub> in the resin, the lower the permeability of the reinforcement that is found. The reduction in permeability is due to the presence of calcium carbonate particles between the fibers, hindering the resin flow in the fibrous media. The computational fluid flow analysis with the PAM-RTM proved to be an accurate tool study for the processing of composite materials. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock395655', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 44 </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-pagination"> <div class="pager-info"> <p>Showing 1 to 10 of 58 Paper Titles</p> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/2">2</a></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/3">3</a></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/4">4</a></li><li><a href="/DDF.353/5">5</a></li><li class="PagedList-ellipses"><a class="PagedList-skipToNext" href="/DDF.353/6" rel="next">…</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/DDF.353/2" rel="next">></a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToLast"><a href="/DDF.353/6">>></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/read-and-publish-agreements">Read & Publish Agreements</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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Defect and Diffusion Forum Vol. 353 | Scientific.Net