CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.prb.org/Home/TodaysResearch.aspx","20091008130431","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1255007071"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <script type="text/JavaScript">  </script>  <title> Today's Research on Aging - Population Reference Bureau </title>  <meta name="title" content="Today's Research on Aging"> <meta name="type" content="Section"> <meta name="language" content="english"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" content="C#"/><meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript"/><meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5"/>  <link href="/web/20091008130431cs_/http://www.prb.org/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20091008130431cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/styles_legacy.css?param=3"/><link href="/web/20091008130431cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/styles_home.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/web/20091008130431cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/new_banner.css?param=2" rel="stylesheet"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20091008130431cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/superfish.css?param=2" media="screen"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20091008130431js_/http://www.prb.org/js/jquery-1.2.6.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20091008130431js_/http://www.prb.org/js/superfish.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // initialise plugins jQuery(function(){ jQuery('ul.sf-menu').superfish(); }); </script>   <link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/favicon.ico"/></head> <body> <form name="Form1" method="post" action="todaysresearch.aspx" id="Form1"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="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"/>   <div class="newheader"> <div class="functional"> <p class="links"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Bookstore.aspx">Bookstore</a> / <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Contact.aspx">Contact</a> / <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/SpanishContent.aspx">Español</a> / <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/FrenchContent.aspx">Français</a></p> <p class="cart_profile"><a id="ctl13_hlHeaderViewCart" class="cart"><span id="ctl13_lblCart">Cart Empty</span></a> | <a class="profile" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/https://www.e-noah.net/prb/MyRecord/ContactEdit.aspx?CartID=fudjvo45u1wuyq55njvt4245">My Profile</a> </p> <div class="search"> <input name="ctl13$searchBox" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl13_searchBox" onkeydown="if(event.which || event.keyCode){if ((event.which == 13) || (event.keyCode == 13)) {document.getElementById('ctl13_linkButtonSearch').click();return false;}} else {return true}; "/> <input type="image" name="ctl13$linkButtonSearch" id="ctl13_linkButtonSearch" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/new_banner/go.gif" border="0" style="vertical-align: bottom"/> </div> </div> <div class="banner"> <div class="logo"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/new_banner/logo.gif" alt="PRB" width="210" height="99"/></div> <div class="title"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/new_banner/title.gif" alt="Population Reference Bureau" width="564" height="63"/></div> <div class="join"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Join.aspx"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/new_banner/join.gif" alt="Join/Renew Membership" width="111" height="63" border="0"/></a></div> <div class="donate"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Donate.aspx"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/new_banner/donate.gif" alt="Donate Now" width="106" height="63" border="0"/></a></div> <ul id="ctl13_ulHeaderMenu" class="nav sf-menu sf-js-enabled"><li class="first home_tab"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="data_tab"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/DataFinder.aspx"><span>DataFinder</span></a></li><li class="educator_tab"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Educators.aspx"><span>Educators</span></a><ul class="vertical"><li class="first"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Educators/LessonPlans.aspx">Lesson Plans</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides.aspx">Teachers Guides</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachingStandards.aspx">Teaching Standards</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Educators/BuildAText.aspx">Build-A-Text</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Educators/Resources.aspx">Resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="journalist_tab"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists.aspx"><span>Journalists</span></a><ul class="vertical"><li class="first"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Contact.aspx">Contact</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/FAQ.aspx">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/TakeANumber.aspx">Take a Number</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts.aspx">PRB Webcasts</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/PressReleases.aspx">Press Releases</a></li></ul></li><li class="event_tab"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/EventsTraining.aspx"><span>Events and Training</span></a><ul class="vertical"><li class="first"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/EventsTraining/InternationalTraining.aspx">International Training</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/EventsTraining/TrainingMaterials.aspx">Training Materials</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/EventsTraining/PolicySeminars.aspx">Policy Seminars</a></li></ul></li><li class="publication_tab"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications.aspx"><span>Publications</span></a><ul class="vertical"><li class="first"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets.aspx">Data Sheets</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/PopulationBulletins.aspx">Population Bulletins</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/ReportsOnAmerica.aspx">Reports On America</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/GraphicsBank.aspx">Graphics Bank</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/PolicyBriefs.aspx">Policy Briefs</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/PopulationToday.aspx">Population Today</a></li></ul></li><li class="about_tab"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/About.aspx"><span>About PRB</span></a><ul class="vertical"><li class="first"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/About/Communications.aspx">Communications</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/About/DomesticPrograms.aspx">Domestic Programs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/About/InternationalPrograms.aspx">International Programs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/About/AnnualReports.aspx">Annual Reports</a></li><li><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/About/JobOpportunities.aspx">Job Opportunities</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/About/StaffTrustees.aspx">Staff and Trustees</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var searchField = document.getElementById("ctl13_searchBox"); searchField.onfocus = function() { if (searchField.value == 'Search') { searchField.value = ''; } }; </script>   <div align="center"> <div id="c-block"> <div id="c-colint">  <div id="lh-colint"> <br/> <div align="right"> <div class="subnavclasson"><span class="subnavon"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/TodaysResearch.aspx">Research on Aging</a></span></div> </div> <div id="ctl15_ctl04_ctl01_debugdiv"></div> <div align="right"> <br/> <a target="_blank" href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Home/TodaysResearch.aspx?p=1"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/printthis.gif" alt="Print This" border="0"/></a><br/> <a target="_blank" href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Home/TodaysResearch.aspx?e=1"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/emailthis.gif" alt="Email To a Friend" border="0"/></a><br/>  <script type="text/javascript">addthis_pub = 'prb';</script> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php" onmouseover="return addthis_open(this, '', '[URL]', '[TITLE]')" onmouseout="addthis_close()" onclick="return addthis_sendto()"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/sharethis.gif" style="padding-top: 2px" border="0" alt=""/></a> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431js_/http://s7.addthis.com/js/152/addthis_widget.js"></script>  </div> <div id="ctl15_ctl04_ctl03_debugdiv"> </div> <br/><br/> <div id="homebox1">DID YOU KNOW?</div> <div id="homebox1bottom">While Africa has the world's highest total fertility rate, it is also home to the world's lowest life expectancy at birth. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/PopulationBulletins/2008/worldpopulationhighlights2008.aspx">More...</a></div> </div>   <div id="rh-colint">  <div id="ctl15_ctl06_EmailSignup_divEmailSignup" class="InternalEmailBoxWrapper"> <div class="InternalEmailBoxTop"></div> <div class="InternalEmailBoxMiddle"> <div class="InternalEmailBoxLine1"><strong>Get PRB E-mail News</strong></div> <div class="InternalEmailBoxLine2">Enter e-mail address...</div> <div class="InternalEmailInputLine"> <input name="ctl15$ctl06$EmailSignup$tbEmailSignup" type="text" id="ctl15_ctl06_EmailSignup_tbEmailSignup" class="InternalEmailInputbox" onkeydown="if (event.which || event.keyCode) { if ((event.which == 13) || (event.keyCode == 13)) { document.getElementById('ctl15_ctl06_EmailSignup_btnEmailSignup').click(); return false;}} else {return true}; "/> <input type="image" name="ctl15$ctl06$EmailSignup$btnEmailSignup" id="ctl15_ctl06_EmailSignup_btnEmailSignup" class="InternalEmailInputButton" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/go2.gif" align="absmiddle" border="0"/> </div> </div> <div class="InternalEmailBoxBottom"></div> </div>   <div id="browsebox1">BROWSE BY TOPIC </div> <div id="browsebox2bottom"> <select name="ctl15$ctl06$ctl01$ddTopics" id="ctl15_ctl06_ctl01_ddTopics" class="browselist hidden"> <option selected="selected" value="Select a topic...">Select a topic...</option> <option value="Aging">Aging</option> <option value="Education">Education</option> <option value="Environment">Environment</option> <option value="Gender">Gender</option> <option value="Health">Health/Nutrition</option> <option value="HivAids">HIV/AIDS</option> <option value="ImmigrationMigration">Immigration/Migration</option> <option value="IncomePoverty">Income/Poverty</option> <option value="MarriageFamily">Marriage/Family</option> <option value="PopulationBasics">Population Basics</option> <option value="RaceEthnicity">Race/Ethnicity</option> <option value="ReproductiveHealth">Reproductive Health</option> <option value="Census2010">U.S. Census 2010</option> <option value="Youth">Youth</option> </select> </div> <br/> <div id="browsebox2">BROWSE BY REGION/COUNTRY</div> <div id="browsebox2bottom"> <select name="ctl15$ctl06$ctl03$ddRegions" id="ctl15_ctl06_ctl03_ddRegions" class="browselist"> <option selected="selected" value="Select a region or country">Select a region or country</option> <option value="r:AsiaPacific">Asia/Pacific</option> <option value="r:Europe">Europe</option> <option value="r:LatinAmerica">Latin America</option> <option value="r:MiddleEast">Middle East</option> <option value="r:NorthAmerica">North America</option> <option value="r:SubSaharanAfrica">Sub-Saharan Africa</option> <option value="">------------------------</option> <option value="c:139">Afghanistan</option> <option value="c:209">Albania</option> <option value="c:9">Algeria</option> <option value="c:210">Andorra</option> <option value="c:54">Angola</option> <option value="c:84">Antigua and Barbuda</option> <option value="c:104">Argentina</option> <option value="c:120">Armenia</option> <option value="c:225">Australia</option> <option value="c:188">Austria</option> <option value="c:121">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="c:85">Bahamas</option> <option value="c:122">Bahrain</option> <option value="c:140">Bangladesh</option> <option value="c:86">Barbados</option> <option value="c:198">Belarus</option> <option value="c:189">Belgium</option> <option value="c:75">Belize</option> <option value="c:17">Benin</option> <option value="c:141">Bhutan</option> <option value="c:105">Bolivia</option> <option value="c:211">Bosnia-Herzegovina</option> <option value="c:64">Botswana</option> <option value="c:106">Brazil</option> <option value="c:154">Brunei</option> <option value="c:199">Bulgaria</option> <option value="c:18">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="c:34">Burundi</option> <option value="c:155">Cambodia</option> <option value="c:55">Cameroon</option> <option value="c:71">Canada</option> <option value="c:19">Cape Verde</option> <option value="c:56">Central African Republic</option> <option value="c:57">Chad</option> <option value="c:177">Channel Islands</option> <option value="c:107">Chile</option> <option value="c:166">China</option> <option value="c:108">Colombia</option> <option value="c:35">Comoros</option> <option value="c:58">Congo</option> <option value="c:59">Congo, Dem. Rep. of</option> <option value="c:226">Cook Islands</option> <option value="c:76">Costa Rica</option> <option value="c:20">Cote d'Ivoire</option> <option value="c:212">Croatia</option> <option value="c:87">Cuba</option> <option value="c:123">Cyprus</option> <option value="c:200">Czech Republic</option> <option value="c:176">Denmark</option> <option value="c:36">Djibouti</option> <option value="c:88">Dominica</option> <option value="c:89">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="c:109">Ecuador</option> <option value="c:10">Egypt</option> <option value="c:77">El Salvador</option> <option value="c:60">Equatorial Guinea</option> <option value="c:37">Eritrea</option> <option value="c:178">Estonia</option> <option value="c:38">Ethiopia</option> <option value="c:227">Federated States of Micronesia</option> <option value="c:228">Fiji</option> <option value="c:179">Finland</option> <option value="c:190">France</option> <option value="c:110">French Guiana</option> <option value="c:229">French Polynesia</option> <option value="c:61">Gabon</option> <option value="c:21">Gambia</option> <option value="c:124">Georgia</option> <option value="c:191">Germany</option> <option value="c:22">Ghana</option> <option value="c:213">Greece</option> <option value="c:90">Grenada</option> <option value="c:91">Guadeloupe</option> <option value="c:230">Guam</option> <option value="c:78">Guatemala</option> <option value="c:23">Guinea</option> <option value="c:24">Guinea-Bissau</option> <option value="c:111">Guyana</option> <option value="c:92">Haiti</option> <option value="c:79">Honduras</option> <option value="c:167">Hong Kong, SAR</option> <option value="c:201">Hungary</option> <option value="c:180">Iceland</option> <option value="c:142">India</option> <option value="c:157">Indonesia</option> <option value="c:143">Iran</option> <option value="c:125">Iraq</option> <option value="c:181">Ireland</option> <option value="c:126">Israel</option> <option value="c:214">Italy</option> <option value="c:93">Jamaica</option> <option value="c:169">Japan</option> <option value="c:127">Jordan</option> <option value="c:144">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="c:39">Kenya</option> <option value="c:231">Kiribati</option> <option value="c:170">Korea, North</option> <option value="c:171">Korea, South</option> <option value="c:215">Kosovo</option> <option value="c:128">Kuwait</option> <option value="c:145">Kyrgyzstan</option> <option value="c:158">Laos</option> <option value="c:182">Latvia</option> <option value="c:129">Lebanon</option> <option value="c:65">Lesotho</option> <option value="c:25">Liberia</option> <option value="c:11">Libya</option> <option value="c:192">Liechtenstein</option> <option value="c:183">Lithuania</option> <option value="c:193">Luxembourg</option> <option value="c:168">Macao, SAR</option> <option value="c:216">Macedonia</option> <option value="c:40">Madagascar</option> <option value="c:41">Malawi</option> <option value="c:159">Malaysia</option> <option value="c:146">Maldives</option> <option value="c:26">Mali</option> <option value="c:217">Malta</option> <option value="c:232">Marshall Islands</option> <option value="c:94">Martinique</option> <option value="c:27">Mauritania</option> <option value="c:42">Mauritius</option> <option value="c:43">Mayotte</option> <option value="c:80">Mexico</option> <option value="c:202">Moldova</option> <option value="c:194">Monaco</option> <option value="c:172">Mongolia</option> <option value="c:218">Montenegro</option> <option value="c:12">Morocco</option> <option value="c:44">Mozambique</option> <option value="c:160">Myanmar</option> <option value="c:66">Namibia</option> <option value="c:233">Nauru</option> <option value="c:147">Nepal</option> <option value="c:195">Netherlands</option> <option value="c:95">Netherlands Antilles</option> <option value="c:234">New Caledonia</option> <option value="c:235">New Zealand</option> <option value="c:81">Nicaragua</option> <option value="c:28">Niger</option> <option value="c:29">Nigeria</option> <option value="c:184">Norway</option> <option value="c:130">Oman</option> <option value="c:148">Pakistan</option> <option value="c:236">Palau</option> <option value="c:136">Palestinian Territory</option> <option value="c:82">Panama</option> <option value="c:237">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="c:112">Paraguay</option> <option value="c:113">Peru</option> <option value="c:161">Philippines</option> <option value="c:203">Poland</option> <option value="c:219">Portugal</option> <option value="c:96">Puerto Rico</option> <option value="c:131">Qatar</option> <option value="c:45">Reunion</option> <option value="c:204">Romania</option> <option value="c:205">Russia</option> <option value="c:46">Rwanda</option> <option value="c:242">Samoa</option> <option value="c:220">San Marino</option> <option value="c:62">Sao Tome and Principe</option> <option value="c:132">Saudi Arabia</option> <option value="c:30">Senegal</option> <option value="c:221">Serbia</option> <option value="c:47">Seychelles</option> <option value="c:31">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="c:162">Singapore</option> <option value="c:206">Slovakia</option> <option value="c:222">Slovenia</option> <option value="c:238">Solomon Islands</option> <option value="c:48">Somalia</option> <option value="c:67">South Africa</option> <option value="c:223">Spain</option> <option value="c:149">Sri Lanka</option> <option value="c:97">St. Barthelemy</option> <option value="c:99">St. Kitts-Nevis</option> <option value="c:98">St. Lucia</option> <option value="c:100">St. Martin (French)</option> <option value="c:101">St. Vincent & the Grenadines</option> <option value="c:13">Sudan</option> <option value="c:114">Suriname</option> <option value="c:68">Swaziland</option> <option value="c:185">Sweden</option> <option value="c:196">Switzerland</option> <option value="c:133">Syria</option> <option value="c:173">Taiwan</option> <option value="c:150">Tajikistan</option> <option value="c:49">Tanzania</option> <option value="c:163">Thailand</option> <option value="c:156">Timor-Leste</option> <option value="c:32">Togo</option> <option value="c:239">Tonga</option> <option value="c:102">Trinidad and Tobago</option> <option value="c:14">Tunisia</option> <option value="c:134">Turkey</option> <option value="c:151">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="c:240">Tuvalu</option> <option value="c:50">Uganda</option> <option value="c:207">Ukraine</option> <option value="c:135">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="c:186">United Kingdom</option> <option value="c:72">United States</option> <option value="c:115">Uruguay</option> <option value="c:152">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="c:241">Vanuatu</option> <option value="c:116">Venezuela</option> <option value="c:164">Vietnam</option> <option value="c:15">Western Sahara</option> <option value="c:137">Yemen</option> <option value="c:51">Zambia</option> <option value="c:52">Zimbabwe</option> </select> </div> <br/> <div id="ctl15_ctl06_ctl05_pnlSuper"> <div id="browsebox3" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">QUICK LINKS</div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="225" bgcolor="#efebde" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.prbblog.org/"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images08/blogart.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.prbblog.org/"><strong>PRB Blog </strong></a></strong><br/>Read and respond to what PRB colleagues are thinking about—Behind the Numbers</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://discuss.prb.org/"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/quicklinks/thumb8.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://discuss.prb.org/"><strong>PRB Discuss Online > </strong></a></strong><br/>"Live online" conversations about population, health, and environment </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2009/2009wpds.aspx"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/quicklinks/WPDS09-thumb.jpg" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left" width="153"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2009/2009wpds.aspx"><strong>2009 World Population Data Sheet ></strong></a> <br/>World: 6.8 billion<br/>United States: 306.8 million</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><img alt="/Publications/PopulationBulletins.aspx" hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/quicklinks/PopBull643-thumb.jpg" border="0"/></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/PopulationBulletins.aspx"><strong>Population Bulletins ></strong></a></strong> <br/>Exploring current domestic and international population issues and trends</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/GraphicsBank.aspx"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/quicklinks/thumb3.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Publications/GraphicsBank.aspx"><strong>Graphics Bank > </strong></a></strong><br/>PowerPoint presentations on population and health</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR.aspx"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images07/CPIPR_logo.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR.aspx"><strong>CPIPR> </strong></a></strong><br/>Current research results and their implications</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.phishare.org/"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/quicklinks/thumb5.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.phishare.org/"><strong>InfoShare > </strong></a></strong><br/>Electronic library for reproductive and child health, HIV/AIDS, and population</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.igwg.org/"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/quicklinks/thumb6.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.igwg.org/"><strong>IGWG > </strong></a></strong><br/>Tools to promote gender equity programs worldwide</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.dcp2.org/"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/quicklinks/thumb7.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www.dcp2.org/"><strong>DCPP > </strong></a></strong><br/>Evidence-based analyses to inform health policymaking in developing countries.</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div>  <p><br/> <div id="featuredlinksbox"> <div id="ctl15_ctl08_ctl01_pnlTitle"> <div id="titles"><span class="titletext">Today's Research on Aging</span></div> </div> <br/> <p>"Today's Research on Aging" is an e-newsletter series intended to increase awareness of research results and their application to major public and private decisionmaking. Although policy debates may be closely followed by many members of society, not all people are aware of the research underlying policy prescriptions as well as the choices of public and private decisionmakers. By discussing recent research and the links to major government, business, social, and private issues, we hope to increase appreciation of the scientific findings relevant to aging and their effects on individuals and society.</p> <p>Funding for this newsletter series and related articles and webcasts has been provided by the National Institute on Aging, Behavioral and Social Research (BSR) Unit, through a grant from the University of Michigan Center on the Demography of Aging. This center coordinates dissemination of findings from 13 NIA demography centers located in academic institutions throughout the United States.</p> <p><strong>To subscribe to Today's Research on Aging, click</strong> <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/TodaysResearch/TodaysResearchEmailSignup.aspx">here</a></p> <h2>Today's Research on Aging</h2> <ul> <li><em>Social Support, Networks, and Happiness  </em>Issue 17, June 2009 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf09/TodaysResearchAging17.pdf">PDF: 587KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Effects of Early Life on Elderly Health  </em>Issue 16, April 2009 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf09/TodaysResearchAging16.pdf">PDF: 529KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Social Security Systems Around the World  </em>Issue 15, January 2009 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf09/TodaysResearchAging15.pdf">PDF: 152KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Use of Biomarkers in Predicting Health and Mortality  </em>Issue 14, September 2008 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf08/TodaysResearchAging14.pdf">PDF: 81KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Obesity, Economics, and Health</em>  Issue 13, September 2008 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf08/TodaysResearchAging13.pdf">PDF: 74KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Older Workers and Retirement  </em>Issue 12, June 2008 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf08/TodaysResearchAging12.pdf">PDF: 78KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Socioeconomic Status and Health Disparities in Old Age</em>  Issue 11, June 2008 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf08/TodaysResearchAging11.pdf">PDF: 68KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Caregiver Health</em>  Issue 10, December 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging10.pdf">PDF: 71KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Why Do We Make Bad Decisions? Findings From a New Science  </em>Issue 9, November 2007<br/>(<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging9.pdf">PDF: 68KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Underweight, Undernutrition, and the Aging  </em>Issue 8, October 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging8.pdf">PDF: 72KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Trends in Disability at Older Ages  </em>Issue 7, September 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging7.pdf">PDF: 76KB</a>) </li> <li><em>How Does HIV/AIDS Affect the Elderly in Developing Countries? <br/>  </em>Issue 6, August 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging6.pdf">PDF: 71KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Cognitive Aging: Imaging, Emotion, and Memory  </em>Issue 5, July 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging5.pdf">PDF: 73KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Global Health and Population Aging</em>   Issue 4, June 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging4.pdf">PDF: 67KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Savings and the Elderly</em>   Issue 3, May 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging3.pdf">PDF: 73KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Prescription Drugs and Medicare</em>   Issue 2, April 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging2.pdf">PDF: 101KB</a>) </li> <li><em>Healthy Aging  </em>Issue 1, March 2007 (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/pdf07/TodaysResearchAging1.pdf">PDF: 101KB</a>)<br/></li></ul> <p> <h2>Related Articles and Webcasts</h2> <ul> <li>Webcast: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2009/marriage.aspx">"Health Effect of Marriage and Other Social Relationships," interview with Linda Waite, Lucy Flower Professor in Urban Sociology and director of the Center on Aging at the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, June 1, 2009 </a></li> <li>Webcast: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2009/smokingusmortality.aspx">"The Effects of Smoking on Trends in U.S. Mortality at Older Ages," interview with Samuel Preston, professor of demography, University of Pennsylvania, April 16, 2009</a> </li> <li>Webcast: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2009/usmortality.aspx">"U.S. Adult Mortality and Health Trends in an International Context," interview with Eileen Crimmins, Davis School of Gerontology, UCLA, April 16, 2009</a> </li> <li>Webcast: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://dl.ebmcdn.net/prb/podcast_media/ken_langa_interview.mp3">"Cognitive Impairment and Decline," interview with Kenneth Langa, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Institute for Social Research, April 2009.</a> </li> <li>"Education, Medical Treatment, and Social Networks Can Promote 'Brain Health' Among U.S. Elderly," by Mary Mederios Kent <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2009/cognitiveimpairment.aspx">(March 2009)</a> </li> <li>Webcast: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2008/disabilityinlatelife.aspx">"U.S. Trends in Disability in Late Life," interview with Linda Martin, Senior Fellow, RAND Corporation, Sept. 10, 2008</a> </li> <li>Webcast: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2008/mortalityandaging.aspx">"Recent Trends in U.S. Mortality and Population Aging," interview with Ron Lee, professor of demography and economics, and director, Center for the Economics and Demography of Aging, University of California-Berkeley, Sept. 10, 2008</a> </li> <li>Webcast: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2008/disability.aspx">"Disability, Elderly Health, and Obesity," interview with Jay Bhattacharya, assistant professor of Medicine, Stanford University, Aug. 1, 2008</a> </li> <li>Webcast: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2008/dissemination.aspx">"Best Practices in Research: Translation and Dissemination," panel discussion with Christine Bachrach, Ellen Carnevale, John Haaga, and Wendy Manning, March 19, 2008</a> </li> <li>"Obesity Threatens the Health of Older Europeans" (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2008/obesityineurope.aspx">June 2008</a>) </li> <li>"Race, Ethnicity, and Where You Live Matters: Recent Findings on Health and Mortality of U.S. Elderly" (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2008/racialdisparities.aspx">February 2008</a>) </li> <li>"Gender Disparities in Health and Mortality" (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/genderdisparities.aspx">November 2007</a>) </li> <li>"Disability and Aging" (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/DisabilityandAging.aspx">August 2007</a>) </li> <li>"New Research Findings May Help Older People Make Better Decisions," by D'Vera Cohn and Marlene Lee (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/DecisionmakingandAging.aspx">June 2007</a>) </li> <li>"The Brain Changes as it Ages, Sometimes in Surprising Ways," by D'Vera Cohn (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/BrainChanges.aspx">June 2007</a>) </li> <li>"Population Aging Impact Differs Across Countries," by D'Vera Cohn and Marlene Lee (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/GlobalHealthAging.aspx">June 2007</a>) </li> <li>"The Degree of Certainty in Population Projections," by Marlene Lee and Shripad Tuljapurkar (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/PopulationProjections.aspx">April 2007</a>) </li> <li>"Medicare Drug Benefit Will Help, but May Carry Unwanted Side Effects," by D'Vera Cohn and Marlene Lee (<a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/MedicareDrugBenefit.aspx">April 2007</a>)</li></ul> <h2>National Institute of Aging: Health & Retirement Study, Webcast of Briefing</h2> <p>On June 12, 2007, in Washington D.C., the National Institute of Aging (NIA) convened a panel of speakers to address the significance of the Health & Retirement Study (HRS). This briefing was designed to introduce media, policymakers, benefits professionals, and others to the study's breadth and depth as a resource about our aging population. At the event, NIA introduced a new publication, <i>Growing Older in America: The Health & Retirement Study</i>, highlighting findings and trends from the study about the lives of older people. View <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2007/HealthRetirementStudy.aspx">webcast</a> of the briefing.</p> <h2>Reviewers for Today's Research on Aging and Related Web Articles</h2> <p>The Population Reference Bureau would like to thank the <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/TodaysResearch/Reviewers.aspx">reviewers</a> for reading and commenting on newsletters and articles producted for this project since 2007.</p> <h2>For More Information, Contact:</h2> <p>Marlene A. Lee<br/>Senior Research Associate, and Editor, <em>Population Bulletin</em><br/>202-483-1100</p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p> <p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p></p> <div id="ctl15_ctl08_ctl01_debugdiv"></div> </div> <div align="left"></div> </p> </div> </div> </div> <br/><br/>  <div align="center" style="clear: both"> <p> </p> <div align="center" id="ftr"><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/footer2.gif" width="3" height="23" align="right"/><img src="/web/20091008130431im_/http://www.prb.org/images/footer1.gif" width="3" height="23" align="left"/><span class="footertext">Services: <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Rss.aspx">RSS Feeds</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Home/EmailSignup.aspx">Get E-Mail News</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Join.aspx">Join/Renew Membership</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Donate.aspx">Donate</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Bookstore.aspx">Bookstore</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Home/Contact.aspx">Contact</a>  · <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/SpanishContent.aspx">Español</a>  · <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/FrenchContent.aspx">Français</a></span></div> <span class="footer2text"><b>Copyright 2009, Population Reference Bureau.</b> All rights reserved. • <a href="/web/20091008130431/http://www.prb.org/Home/Privacy.aspx">Privacy Policy</a></span><br/> <span class="footer2text">1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW • Suite 520 • Washington, DC 20009-5728 • USA <br/> <b>Phone:</b> 800-877-9881 • <b>Fax:</b> 202-328-3937 • <b>E-mail:</b> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/mailto:popref@prb.org">popref@prb.org</a></span><br/> </div> <span class="footer2text">  </span> <span class="footer2text">   </span>  </form> <div id="debugdiv"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130431/http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3593627-1"); pageTracker._initData(); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script> <script src="/web/20091008130431js_/http://www.prb.org/__utm.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>