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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Help:Category</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="protected-icon" style="display:none;right:55px"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/20px-Padlock-silver.svg.png" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/30px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150326130818im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/40px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div> <div class="hatnote">For guidelines on the use of categories in Wikipedia, see <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Wikipedia:Categorization</a>. For a basic readers guide see <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories">Help:Categories</a>. For quick answers, see the <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories">readers' FAQ</a> or the <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization">editors' FAQ</a> on categories.</div> <div style="position:relative;top:-3em"><span id="H:CAT"></span></div> <table class="shortcutbox noprint" style="float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;margin:.3em .3em .3em 1em;padding:3px;text-align:center"> <tr> <th class="plainlist" style="border:none;background:transparent"><small><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:</small> <ul> <li><small><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H:CAT" title="H:CAT" class="mw-redirect">H:CAT</a></small></li> </ul> </th> </tr> </table> <table class="infobox bordered" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="font-size: 110%; background:#d3d3d3;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Wikipedia namespaces</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#Subject_namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Subject namespaces</a></th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Talk namespaces</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th>0</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">(Main/Article)</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Talk</a></td> <th>1</th> </tr> <tr> <th>2</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">User talk</a></td> <th>3</th> </tr> <tr> <th>4</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Wikipedia</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Wikipedia talk</a></td> <th>5</th> </tr> <tr> <th>6</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">File talk</a></td> <th>7</th> </tr> <tr> <th>8</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">MediaWiki talk</a></td> <th>9</th> </tr> <tr> <th>10</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Template talk</a></td> <th>11</th> </tr> <tr> <th>12</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Help talk</a></td> <th>13</th> </tr> <tr> <th>14</th> <td><strong class="selflink">Category</strong></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Category talk</a></td> <th>15</th> </tr> <tr> <th>100</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Portal talk</a></td> <th>101</th> </tr> <tr> <th>108</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia:Books">Book</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Book talk</a></td> <th>109</th> </tr> <tr> <th>118</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Draft talk</a></td> <th>119</th> </tr> <tr> <th>446</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Course_pages" title="Wikipedia:Course pages">Education Program</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Education Program talk</a></td> <th>447</th> </tr> <tr> <th>710</th> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedText</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">TimedText talk</a></td> <th>711</th> </tr> <tr> <th>828</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></td> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Module talk</a></td> <th>829</th> </tr> <tr> <th>2600</th> <td><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Flow" title="Wikipedia:Flow">Topic</a></td> <td></td> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#Virtual_namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Virtual namespaces</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th>-1</th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>-2</th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Media</a></td> </tr> </table> <p>Categories are intended to group together pages on similar subjects. They are implemented by a <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> feature that adds any page with a text like <code>[[Category:<i>XYZ</i>]]</code> in its wikimarkup to the automated listing that is the category with name <i>XYZ</i>. Categories help readers to find, and navigate around, a subject area, to see pages sorted by title, and to thus find article relationships.</p> <p>Categories are normally found at the bottom of an article page. Clicking a category name brings up a category page listing the articles (or other pages) that have been added to that particular category. There may also be a section listing the <i>subcategories</i> of that category. The subcategorization feature makes it possible to organize categories into tree-like structures to aid navigation.</p> <p>The term <i>category</i> does refer to both the title of a category page—the <i>category pagename</i>—and the category itself. Keeping this in mind while reading about categorization, plus learning a category page layout is a worthwhile investment in research techniques. (See also the search box parameter "<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H:S#Parameters" title="H:S" class="mw-redirect">incategory</a>".) The layout of a category page is mostly text, but see about <i><a href="#Displaying_category_trees_and_page_counts">displaying category trees</a> below.</i></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Summary"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Summary</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Putting_pages_in_categories"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Putting pages in categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Category_pages"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Category pages</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Linking_to_category_pages"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Linking to category pages</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Sort_order"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sort order</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Default_sort_key"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Default sort key</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Hiding_categories"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Hiding categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Categories_and_templates"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Categories and templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Categorizing_redirect_pages"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Categorizing redirect pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Moving_and_redirecting_category_pages"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Moving and redirecting category pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Searching_for_articles_in_categories"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Searching for articles in categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#.22Related_Changes.22_with_categories"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">"Related Changes" with categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Listing_all_categories"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Listing all categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Displaying_category_trees_and_page_counts"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Displaying category trees and page counts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Retrieving_category_information"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Retrieving category information</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Category_intersection.2C_union.2C_etc."><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Category intersection, union, etc.</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Summary">Summary</span></h2> <p>The MediaWiki software maintains tables of <i>categories</i>, to which any editable page can be added. To add a page to a category, include "<code>[[Category:<i>Category name</i>]]</code>" or "<code>[[Category:<i>Category name</i>|<i>Sortkey</i>]]</code>" in that page's <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" title="Help:Wiki markup">wikimarkup</a>. The categories to which a page belongs appear in a box at the bottom of the page.</p> <p>A category is usually associated with a <i>category page</i> in the "Category:" <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespace</a>. A category page contains text that can be edited, like any other page, but when the page is displayed, the last part of what is displayed is an automatically generated list of all pages in that category, in the form of links. Other category pages which appear in this list are treated separately, as <i>subcategories</i>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Putting_pages_in_categories">Putting pages in categories</span></h2> <p>A page belongs to a category if the page's wikimarkup contains a declaration for that category. A category declaration takes the form <code>[[Category:<i>Category name</i>]]</code> or <code>[[Category:<i>Category name</i>|<i>Sortkey</i>]]</code>. The declaration must be processed, i.e. it will not work if it appears between <code><nowiki>...</nowiki></code> or <code><includeonly>...</includeonly></code> tags, or in a comment. The declaration may however come from a <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">transcluded</a> page; see <a href="#Categories_and_templates">Categories and templates</a> below.</p> <p>A category name can be any string that would be a legitimate <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_title" title="Wikipedia:Page title" class="mw-redirect">page title</a>. It cannot begin with a lower-case letter. If the category name given in a category declaration begins with a lower-case letter, then it is interpreted as if it were capitalized.</p> <p>In Wikipedia, it is customary to place category declarations at the end of the wikimarkup, but before any <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a> templates (which themselves transclude categories) and <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">interlanguage links</a>.</p> <p>When a page has been added to one or more categories, a categories box appears at the bottom of the page (or possibly elsewhere, if a non-default <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">skin</a> is being used). This box contains a list of the categories the page belongs to, in the order in which the category declarations appear in the processed wikimarkup. The category names are <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">linked</a> to the corresponding category pages. They appear as <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">redlinks</a> if the corresponding category page does not exist. If a user has enabled the <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:HOTCAT" title="Wikipedia:HOTCAT" class="mw-redirect">HotCat</a> gadget, the categories box will also provide links to quickly add, remove, or modify category declarations on the page, without having to edit the whole page.</p> <p>Hidden categories are not displayed, except as described below under <a href="#Hiding_categories">Hiding categories</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Category_pages">Category pages</span></h2> <p>A category page is a page in the "Category:" namespace. The page "Category:<i>Name</i>" corresponds to the category called "<i>Name</i>". New category pages can be created like any other pages – by clicking on a red link or entering the name in the search box and clicking at "You may create the page".</p> <p>A category page can be edited like any other page. However, when it is displayed, the editable part of the page is followed by automatically generated lists of pages belonging to the category, as follows:</p> <ul> <li>First a count and list of subcategories (other category pages belonging to the category) is shown, if any exist. The name of each subcategory is followed by a count of its own subcategories. These further subcategories are expanded in the display if the <span style="color:#0645AD;">►</span> sign alongside the subcategory is clicked (but this "<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_widget" title="Web widget">widget</a>" is only visible if your browser has <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> enabled). Note: <span style="color:#C0C0C0;">►</span> is shown if there are no further subcategories. The subcategory is collapsed again if <span style="color:#0645AD;">▼</span> is clicked.</li> <li>Next a count and list of pages in the category (excluding subcategories and images) is shown. If the category has no members, a message to that effect is displayed.</li> <li>Next a count and list of image and other media files in the category appears, if any exist. These are shown with thumbnails. The first 20 characters of the file name are shown, with an ellipsis if that is not the full name; also the file size is shown.</li> </ul> <p>The items in the lists all link to the pages concerned; in the case of the images this applies both to the image itself and to the text below it (the name of the image).</p> <p>For the way in which the lists are ordered, see <a href="#Sort_order">Sort order</a> below. The first and second lists are divided into sections, according to the first character of the sort key. These initial characters are displayed above the sections. To suppress these, make all sort keys start with a space.</p> <p>A category page can only display a limited number of items (currently 200). If more pages belong to the category, there will be a link to the next ones.</p> <p><span id="Parent_category"></span> The categories box for the category page appears at the bottom, in the same place as for other pages. This contains the categories to which the current category page has been added, i.e. its <i>parent categories</i> (the categories of which it is a subcategory). Add a category page to other categories in the normal way, using the "[[Category:<i>Category name</i>]]" or "[[Category:<i>Category name</i>|<i>Sortkey</i>]]" syntax.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Linking_to_category_pages">Linking to category pages</span></h3> <p>To link to a category page <i>without</i> putting the current page in that category, precede the link with a colon: [[:Category:<i>Category name</i>]]. Such a link can be <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Piped_link" title="Help:Piped link" class="mw-redirect">piped</a> like a normal wikilink. (The {{<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cl" title="Template:Cl">cl</a>}} template, and others listed on its documentation page, may sometimes be helpful.)</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sort_order">Sort order</span></h2> <p>By default, a page is sorted under the first letter of its full name <i>including the namespace</i>. Also, MediaWiki groups accented characters separately from their unaccented version, so pages starting by À, Á, Ä, will be listed under separate headings, instead of under heading A.</p> <p>Unlike at <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AllPages" title="Special:AllPages">Special:Allpages</a> and <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex" title="Special:PrefixIndex">Special:Prefixindex</a>, a space is treated as a space (coming before all other characters), not as an underscore.</p> <p>A page whose title begins with a number will be grouped <i>only</i> according to the first number. Thus "1 dog", "11 dogs", and "112 dogs" all appear under the "1" heading (not under "1", "10", and "100" headings). This will cause "112 dogs" to appear <i>before</i> "2 dogs" on the category page.</p> <p>Each of the three lists (subcategories, pages, media files) is arranged in the order explained above (except that, in the subcategories list, the namespace indicator "Category:" is not considered). If an item ought to be positioned within a list on the basis of an alternative name (sort key) for that item, then this can be specified in the category tag that places the item in the list:</p> <pre> <code>[[Category:<i>Category name</i>|<i>Sortkey</i>]]</code> </pre> <p>For example to add an article called <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> to the category "People" and have the article sorted by "Einstein, Albert", you would type:</p> <pre> <code>[[Category:People|Einstein, Albert]]</code> </pre> <p>Unlike with a <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Piped_link" title="Help:Piped link" class="mw-redirect">piped link</a> (which uses the same syntax), the sort key itself is not displayed to readers. It affects only the order in which pages are listed on the category page.</p> <p>It is useful to document the system being used for sort keys on the category page. For guidelines about the use of sort keys on Wikipedia, see <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SORTKEY" title="Wikipedia:SORTKEY" class="mw-redirect">WP:SORTKEY</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Default_sort_key">Default sort key</span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NAMESORT" title="Wikipedia:NAMESORT" class="mw-redirect">WP:NAMESORT</a> and <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SORTKEY" title="Wikipedia:SORTKEY" class="mw-redirect">WP:SORTKEY</a></div> <p>It is possible to set a default sort key which is different from <code>{{PAGENAME}}</code> by using the <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">magic word</a> <code>{{DEFAULTSORT}}</code> thus:</p> <pre> <code>{{DEFAULTSORT:new key}}</code> </pre> <p>In the case of multiple default sort key tags, the last DEFAULTSORT on the final rendering of a page applies for all categories, regardless of the position of the category tags. This also means that a DEFAULTSORT tag included from a template is not effective if another DEFAULTSORT tag occurs later on the page, even if the later DEFAULTSORT tag is also "hidden" (included by another template).</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Hiding_categories">Hiding categories</span></h2> <p>When the <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">magic word</a> <code>__HIDDENCAT__</code> is placed on a category page, that category becomes <i>hidden</i>, meaning that it will not be displayed on the pages belonging to that category. On Wikipedia, the magic word is not normally used explicitly, but is applied through the {{<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hiddencat" title="Template:Hiddencat" class="mw-redirect">hiddencat</a>}} template. The feature is mostly used to prevent project maintenance categories from showing up to ordinary readers on article pages.</p> <p>However, hidden categories <i>are</i> displayed (although listed as hidden):</p> <ul> <li>on category pages (whether as parent categories or subcategories);</li> <li>at preview during editing;</li> <li>if the user has selected "Show hidden categories" in user preferences.</li> </ul> <p>Hidden categories are automatically added to <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hidden_categories" title="Category:Hidden categories">Category:Hidden categories</a>.</p> <p>For guidelines on the hiding of categories on Wikipedia, see <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:HIDDENCAT" title="Wikipedia:HIDDENCAT" class="mw-redirect">WP:HIDDENCAT</a>.</p> <p><span id="Adding_a_category_by_using_a_template"></span></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Categories_and_templates">Categories and templates</span></h2> <p>A template can be used to add pages to a category, usually by placing the category link inside <i><includeonly></includeonly></i> tags on the template (e.g. <code><includeonly>[[Category:category name]]</includeonly></code>). When the template is transcluded into the page, the category link becomes active, and the page is added to the category page. This is useful for categories that have high turnover or many pages included, like cleanup categories.</p> <p>Changes to the template, however, may not be reflected immediately on the category page. When you edit an article to add a category tag directly, the list of category members is updated immediately when the page is saved. When a category link is contained in a template, however, this does not happen immediately: instead, whenever a template is edited, all the pages that transclude it are put into the <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">job queue</a> to be recached during periods of low server load. This means that, in busy periods, it may take hours or even days before individual pages are recached and they start to appear in the category list. Performing a <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Null_edit" title="Help:Null edit" class="mw-redirect">null edit</a> to a page will allow it to jump the queue and be immediately recached.</p> <p>To add the template itself to the category page as well, omit the "includeonly" tags. To add the template to a category <i>without</i> categorizing pages on which the template is transcluded, place the category declaration between <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Parser_function" title="Help:Parser function" class="mw-redirect">Parser functions</a> can be used to make the transcluded categories, or the sort key used in them, dependent on other variables, notably PAGENAME.</p> <dl> <dt>Passing a category by parameter</dt> <dd><includeonly>[[Category:{{{cat|default}}}]]</includeonly> or <includeonly>{{{cat|[[Category:default]]}}}</includeonly><br/> If the user provides a parameter 'cat=XXX' the page will be categorized at the page <b>[[Category:XXX]]</b>, otherwise it will be categorized at the page <b>[[Category:default]]</b>. Calling the template with "cat=" (equal to nothing) disables putting the page in any category.</dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Excluding non-article pages</dt> <dd><includeonly>{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}} | | [[Category:XXX]]}}</includeonly><br/> the variable NAMESPACE is null for mainspace articles. For any space other than mainspace, this ParserFunction will produce an empty string, but for regular articles this will include the article in Category:XXX.</dd> </dl> <p>On Wikipedia it is not recommended that templates be used to populate ordinary content categories of articles. See <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Categorization_using_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization using templates</a> in the categorization guideline.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Categorizing_redirect_pages">Categorizing redirect pages</span></h2> <p>Redirect pages can be categorized. The category tag must be placed after the redirect link. On a category page, redirects are listed in italics.</p> <p>For conventions on the categorization of redirects in Wikipedia, see <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_redirects" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects">Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Moving_and_redirecting_category_pages">Moving and redirecting category pages</span></h2> <p><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Moving_a_page#How_to_move_a_category" title="Help:Moving a page" class="mw-redirect">Categories can be moved</a> in the same way as an ordinary page; but a certain amount of cleanup may be necessary. A redirect is left at the old category name, and this is not a normal <code>#REDIRECT]]</code> but a <code>{{<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Category_redirect" title="Template:Category redirect">category redirect</a>}}</code>. Once all the pages have been moved out of the old category, it may be left as a category redirect, or deleted. For categories entirely populated through templates (see above), modifying the templates enables all affected articles to be moved to another category, but with the refresh problem mentioned. Almost all category name changes are made pursuant to a consensus decision at <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Categories for discussion">Wikipedia:Categories for discussion</a>.</p> <p>Do not create intercategory redirects other than with a <code>{{<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Category_redirect" title="Template:Category redirect">category redirect</a>}}</code> template. See <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion#Redirecting_categories" title="Wikipedia:Categories for discussion">Wikipedia:Categories for discussion#Redirecting categories</a> for more on category redirects.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Searching_for_articles_in_categories">Searching for articles in categories</span></h2> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">For more details on this topic, see <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Searching#Syntax" title="Help:Searching">Help:Searching § Syntax</a>.</div> <p>In addition to browsing through hierarchies of categories, it is possible to use the search tool to find specific articles in specific categories. To search for articles in a specific category, type <b>incategory:"<i>CategoryName</i>"</b> in the search box.</p> <p>An "OR" can be added to join the contents of one category with the contents of another. For example, enter</p> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd><code>incategory:"Suspension bridges" OR incategory:"Bridges in New York City"</code></dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p>to return all pages that belong to either (or both) of the categories, as <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=incategory%3A%22Suspension+bridges%22+OR+incategory%3A%22Bridges+in+New+York+City%22&ns0=1&fulltext=Search">here</a>.</p> <p>Note that using search to find categories will not find articles which have been categorized using templates. This feature also doesn't return pages in subcategories.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".22Related_Changes.22_with_categories">"Related Changes" with categories</span></h2> <p>For a category, the "<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related Changes</a>" feature, applied to the corresponding category page, lists recent changes to the pages currently listed as belonging to that category. Where those pages are subcategories or image pages, only changes to their <i>editable parts</i> are listed.</p> <p>Notice that "Related Changes" does <i>not</i> list recent changes to pages linked from the editable part of the category page (as it would normally, with a non-category page). (If a workaround is required for this, the links in question could be placed in a template and transcluded onto the category page.)</p> <p>As usual (unlike with <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist" class="mw-redirect">watchlists</a>) recent changes to corresponding <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_page" title="Help:Talk page" class="mw-redirect">talk pages</a> are <i>not</i> shown under "Related Changes". Pages you are watching are bolded on the list (this can be helpful for finding which pages in a given category you have on your watchlist).</p> <p>"Related Changes" can be used to find pages which have recently been added to a category (unless they were added through modification of a template; then <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">"What links here"</a> should be used with the template). However it is not possible to detect deletions from a category in this way (since once pages have been removed from a category, their edits no longer show up in Related Changes). Another way of finding recent additions is to use an API query; see <a href="#Retrieving_category_information">Retrieving category information</a> below. There is <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Svick/CW" title="User:Svick/CW">an external tool</a> to watch additions and removals from categories.</p> <p>The <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:DynamicPageList_(third-party)" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:DynamicPageList (third-party)">DynamicPageList (third-party)</a> extension provides a list of <i>last</i> edits to the pages in a category, or optionally, just the list of pages; the simpler <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:DynamicPageList_(Wikimedia)" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:DynamicPageList (Wikimedia)">DynamicPageList (Wikimedia)</a> is installed on Meta and Wikinews; the extension <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:DPLforum" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:DPLforum">mw:Extension:DPLforum</a> is installed on Wikia.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Listing_all_categories">Listing all categories</span></h2> <p><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Special:Categories</a> provides an alphabetic list of all categories, with the number of members of each; this number does not include the content of the subcategories, but it includes the subcategories themselves, i.e., each counting as one.</p> <p>The above list contains all categories that have members, regardless of whether they have corresponding category pages. To list all existing category pages (regardless of whether they have members), use <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AllPages/Category:" title="Special:AllPages/Category:">Special:AllPages/Category:</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Displaying_category_trees_and_page_counts">Displaying category trees and page counts</span></h2> <p>As described at <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Magic words">mw:Help:Magic words</a>, <code>{{PAGESINCATEGORY:<i>Example</i>}}</code> or <code>{{PAGESINCAT:<i>Example</i>}}</code> returns the number of pages in "Category:Example". Each subcategory counts as one page; pages in subcategories are not counted.</p> <p>The page <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CategoryTree" title="Special:CategoryTree">Special:CategoryTree</a> enables you to see the tree structure of a category (its subcategories, their subcategories and so on; the display of files and other member pages is optional).</p> <p>The <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:CategoryTree" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:CategoryTree">CategoryTree extension</a> can be used to display such a tree on any page. (This is sometimes done on the category page itself, if the category is split over multiple screens, to make all subcategories available on every screen.) The basic syntax is</p> <ul> <li><code><categorytree><i>Category name</i></categorytree></code></li> </ul> <p>to display just the subcategory tree, and</p> <ul> <li><code><categorytree mode=pages><i>Category name</i></categorytree></code></li> </ul> <p>to display member pages as well.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dapete" title="User:Dapete">Dapete's</a> category-visualizer <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Dapete/vCat#English" class="extiw" title="meta:User:Dapete/vCat">vCat</a> will render charts of the tree structure.</p> <p>You may also use <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Category_tree" title="Template:Category tree">Template:Category tree</a> or <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Category_tree_all" title="Template:Category tree all">Template:Category tree all</a>, instead.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Retrieving_category_information">Retrieving category information</span></h2> <p>Raw information about the members of a category, their sortkeys and timestamps (time when last added to the category) can be obtained from the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API" class="extiw" title="mw:API">API</a>, using a query of the form:</p> <dl> <dd>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?cmtitle=Category:<i>Category_name</i>&action=query&list=categorymembers&cmlimit=500&cmprop=title|sortkey|timestamp</dd> </dl> <p>Listings of up to 500 members are possible. If there are more members then the results will include text near the end like this: <span class="mw-geshi xml source-xml"><span class="sc3"><span class="re1"><categorymembers</span> <span class="re0">cmcontinue</span>=<span class="st0">"page|NNNN|TITLE"</span> <span class="re2">/></span></span></span>.</p> <p>This can be added to the previous one, without quotation marks, for the next page of members: <code>...&cmcontinue=page|NNNN|TITLE</code>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Category_intersection.2C_union.2C_etc.">Category intersection, union, etc.</span></h2> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="#Searching_for_articles_in_categories">§ Searching for articles in categories</a></div> <p>Various MediaWiki extensions allow intersection of categories, union of categories, display of info about the pages in a category, and more:</p> <ul> <li>Semantic MediaWiki <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki">Main Page</a> - start page</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_Semantic_MediaWiki#Where_SMW_can_help">Introduction</a> - allows further intersection with sets of pages defined in terms of relations and attributes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Inline_queries">Inline queries</a> - provides relation- and attribute-related info about the selected pages and in-page display on any page of categories the same or another page is in</li> <li>intersection of categories and complements of categories</li> <li>provides the time of last edit for each page</li> </ul> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://toolserver.org/~dschwen/intersection/">Category-/Linkintersection</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup> - a toolserver tool to query articles based on boolean expressions of their categories (and, or, not).</li> </ul> <p>They all also allow further restriction to a namespace; some allow also restriction to a union of namespaces, or the complement of a union of namespaces. They all allow the info to be displayed in any page, not just a separate category page.</p> <p>See also <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Category_intersection" title="Wikipedia:Category intersection">Wikipedia:Category intersection</a>.</p> <p>For <i>category flattening</i> (displaying the articles in a category's subcategories, sub-subcategories, etc.) see *<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Inferencing#Subcategories">category flattening with Semantic MediaWiki</a>. See also <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category_flatten" class="extiw" title="m:Category flatten">m:Category flatten</a>, and <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1497">Wikimedia bug 1497</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Quick_cat_index" title="Wikipedia:Quick cat index">Wikipedia:Quick cat index</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Categories" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Categories">MW:Help:Categories</a></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Category_TOC" title="Template:Category TOC">Category TOC</a>}}</li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Help_navigation" title="Template:Help navigation"><span title="View this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Help_navigation" title="Template talk:Help navigation"><span title="Discuss this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Help_navigation&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Directory" title="Help:Contents/Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div>Visit the <b><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> if you are a new editor looking for interactive help, or the <b><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum</div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_brief" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in brief">Wikipedia in brief</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests" title="Wikipedia:Requests">Making requests</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">where to ask questions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="Wikipedia:Contact us">contact Wikipedia directly</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia">Who writes Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br/> to Wikipedia</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plain_and_simple" title="Wikipedia:Plain and simple">A plain and simple overview</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A_primer_for_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:A primer for newcomers">A primer for newcomers</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">getting started</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ask_for_help" title="Wikipedia:Ask for help">Asking for help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Expectations_and_norms_of_the_Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia:Expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community">community expectations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Learning_the_ropes" title="Wikipedia:Learning the ropes">Learning the ropes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Instructional_material" title="Wikipedia:Instructional material">Instructional material</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Your_first_article" title="Wikipedia:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction" title="Wikipedia:Introduction">Introductions</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction_2" title="Wikipedia:Introduction 2">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction_3" title="Wikipedia:Introduction 3">Exploring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_uploading_images/1" title="Help:Introduction to uploading images/1">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_the_Manual_of_Style" title="Help:Introduction to the Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_navigating_Wikipedia/1" title="Help:Introduction to navigating Wikipedia/1">Navigating</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_policies_and_guidelines" title="Help:Introduction to policies and guidelines">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">Referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table/Introduction_to_tables" title="Help:Table/Introduction to tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages">Talk pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial">Tutorials</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers/Welcome" title="Wikipedia:Training/Newcomers/Welcome">Newcomers' welcome</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Adventure" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Adventure">The Wikipedia Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Editing" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Formatting" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Formatting">Formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:90%;">(live chat)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Wikipedia_links" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Wikipedia links">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Keep_in_mind" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Keep in mind">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Registration" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Registration">Registration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Citing sources">Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial/Talk_pages" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial/Talk pages">Talk pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">Frequently asked<br/> questions (FAQ)</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Overview" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Overview">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Administration" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Article_subjects" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Article subjects">Article subjects</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Contributing" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Contributing">Contributing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Editing" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Forking" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Forking">Forking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC (live chat)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Miscellaneous" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Organizations" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Problems" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Problems">Problems</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Researching_with_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia">Researching</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">Readers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Schools" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Schools">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">Technical</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help:<span class="Unicode"> </span>Contents</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse" title="Help:Contents/Browse">Help menu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Navigating_Wikipedia" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Navigating Wikipedia">Navigating</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Joining_Wikipedia" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Joining Wikipedia">Joining</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Editing_Wikipedia" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Editing Wikipedia">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Links" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Links">Links and references</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Images_and_media" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Images and media">Images and media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Tracking_changes" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Tracking changes">Tracking changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Policies_and_guidelines" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Asking_questions" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Asking questions">Asking questions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/The_Wikipedia_community" title="Help:Contents/Browse/The Wikipedia community">Wikipedia community</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Resources_and_lists" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Resources and lists">Resources and lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Account_settings_and_maintenance" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Account settings and maintenance">Account settings</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Technical_information" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Technical information">Technical info</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Browse/Site_map" title="Help:Contents/Browse/Site map">Site map</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><i><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">The Missing Manual</a></i></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Introduction" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Editing,_Creating,_and_Maintaining_Articles/Editing_for_the_First_Time" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles/Editing for the First Time">First edit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Editing,_Creating,_and_Maintaining_Articles/Documenting_Your_Sources" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles/Documenting Your Sources">Sourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Editing,_Creating,_and_Maintaining_Articles/Setting_Up_Your_Account_and_Personal_Workspace" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles/Setting Up Your Account and Personal Workspace">Account setup and personal space</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Editing,_Creating,_and_Maintaining_Articles/Creating_a_New_Article" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles/Creating a New Article">Creating articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Editing,_Creating,_and_Maintaining_Articles/Who_Did_What:_Page_Histories_and_Reverting" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles/Who Did What: Page Histories and Reverting">Page history and reverting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Editing,_Creating,_and_Maintaining_Articles/Monitoring_Changes" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles/Monitoring Changes">Monitoring changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Editing,_Creating,_and_Maintaining_Articles/Dealing_with_Vandalism_and_Spam" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles/Dealing with Vandalism and Spam">Vandalism and spam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Collaborating_with_Other_Editors/Communicating_with_Your_Fellow_Editors" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Collaborating with Other Editors/Communicating with Your Fellow Editors">Communicating with others</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Collaborating_with_Other_Editors/WikiProjects_and_Other_Group_Efforts" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Collaborating with Other Editors/WikiProjects and Other Group Efforts">WikiProjects</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Collaborating_with_Other_Editors/Resolving_Content_Disputes" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Collaborating with Other Editors/Resolving Content Disputes">Content disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Collaborating_with_Other_Editors/Handling_Incivility_and_Personal_Attacks" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Collaborating with Other Editors/Handling Incivility and Personal Attacks">Incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Collaborating_with_Other_Editors/Lending_Other_Editors_a_Hand" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Collaborating with Other Editors/Lending Other Editors a Hand">Helping others</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Formatting_and_Illustrating_Articles/Article_Sections_and_Tables_of_Contents" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Formatting and Illustrating Articles/Article Sections and Tables of Contents">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Formatting_and_Illustrating_Articles/Creating_Lists_and_Tables" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Formatting and Illustrating Articles/Creating Lists and Tables">Lists and tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Formatting_and_Illustrating_Articles/Adding_Images" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Formatting and Illustrating Articles/Adding Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Building_a_Stronger_Encyclopedia/Getting_Readers_to_the_Right_Article:_Naming,_Redirects,_and_Disambiguation" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Building a Stronger Encyclopedia/Getting Readers to the Right Article: Naming, Redirects, and Disambiguation">Naming, redirects and disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Building_a_Stronger_Encyclopedia/Categorizing_Articles" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Building a Stronger Encyclopedia/Categorizing Articles">Categorizing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Building_a_Stronger_Encyclopedia/Better_Articles:_A_Systematic_Approach" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Building a Stronger Encyclopedia/Better Articles: A Systematic Approach">Better articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Building_a_Stronger_Encyclopedia/Deleting_Existing_Articles" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Building a Stronger Encyclopedia/Deleting Existing Articles">Deletions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Customizing_Wikipedia/Customizing_with_Preferences" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Customizing Wikipedia/Customizing with Preferences">Personal preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Customizing_Wikipedia/Easier_Editing_with_JavaScript" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Customizing Wikipedia/Easier Editing with JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Appendixes/A_Tour_of_the_Wikipedia_Page" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Appendixes/A Tour of the Wikipedia Page">Wikipedia Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Appendixes/Reader%E2%80%99s_Guide_to_Wikipedia" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Appendixes/Reader’s Guide to Wikipedia">Reader’s guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Appendixes/Learning_More" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Appendixes/Learning More">Learning more</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Information pages</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Books" title="Help:Books">Books</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Categories</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations / references</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Glossary" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Merging" title="Help:Merging" class="mw-redirect">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Namespaces" title="Help:Namespaces" class="mw-redirect">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" title="Help:Using talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_markup" title="Wiki markup">Coding wiki markup</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" title="Help:Wiki markup">Wiki markup</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">cheatsheet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">introduction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> (<a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table/Introduction_to_tables" title="Help:Table/Introduction to tables">introduction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages" title="Wikipedia:Template messages">messages</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Wiki tools</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Computing" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Computing">Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Entertainment" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Entertainment">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Humanities" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Humanities">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Language" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Miscellaneous" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Science" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Science">Science</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard">Administrators</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Edit warring">edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents">incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrator_intervention_against_vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism">vandalism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest/Noticeboard">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor_assistance/Requests" title="Wikipedia:Editor assistance/Requests">Editor help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:External links/Noticeboard">External links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view/Noticeboard">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:No original research/Noticeboard">Original research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard">Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">Page moves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(idea_lab)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (idea lab)">idea lab</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)">proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">technical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)">Wikipedia policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(miscellaneous)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (miscellaneous)">miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Quick_directory" title="Wikipedia:Quick directory">Directories</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents/Overviews" title="Portal:Contents/Overviews">Content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About_essay_searching" title="Wikipedia:About essay searching">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ_index" title="Wikipedia:FAQ index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents/Directory" title="Help:Contents/Directory">Help:contents</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style contents</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal/Directory" title="Wikipedia:Portal/Directory">Portals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:List of shortcuts">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&preload=Help%3AContents%2Fhelpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%2C+please%21&section=new"><span style="color:#002bb8"><b>Click here to receive help on your talk page from a volunteer</b></span></a></span></div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150326130818im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&oldid=653034116">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&oldid=653034116</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/web/20150326130818/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categorization" title="Category:Wikipedia categorization">Wikipedia categorization</a></li><li><a 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