CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913501407c949fa3',cH: 'ksnv1rtwfTKiOtJ.91zbu_SlUQCkMdYHWS2z.vvk9yo-1739787207-1.2.1.1-T1yj3SXhDUlgB7P6V.R.04vCIKRdJWgytmKns8hugGz_Wr5lvxifoZL3IiZXvHI9',cUPMDTk: "\/12313\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=c7eBmQWnjBSKFGzBuGbGaF7AWbkGqI_Cma6OtVf0iSI-1739787207-1.0.1.1-mc5VdWdvUozUSiHDk1nRcFonpR2kub7mAmND3F0iiMA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787207',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/12313\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=c7eBmQWnjBSKFGzBuGbGaF7AWbkGqI_Cma6OtVf0iSI-1739787207-1.0.1.1-mc5VdWdvUozUSiHDk1nRcFonpR2kub7mAmND3F0iiMA",md: "YTDw7DeSiNgIxqRcxC6MnAGD5Co4z_ag.lJB2.xzYFE-1739787207-1.2.1.1-R7WlGVIwefspH_rldCkyAXl1sWz7Qq4GJs4MtjETHSmfC9Hmu61O9zbRMGna9Tmx8ljaub9XOSrKysCIrgH6xw8m2RkbIt4xf4OlwUvV3agobAqkYAJ3GxEykkJbvggnXDNRoMPjcTjvL8kV0CN.NqPttZ3GF0jtxNla1zAVfv9XSJtoRv1Og6SDqx6RvpmO9iDEz0SpBYBq0Whe5eIUWrjPSn6gLBnM7RhLwH.RyXSuMm9Wj1x7cEcYElPNo9KvgpDIs44dA.qRQZRyueimblxNquQkEVDPXNgOvbyfC5d8m6iXhClGsGxG2wcMQaFt_d741WdqQ4tm0BrlCrHKUyUEwDUIsB5PwdV8mc.iVCsYTouI_Ma_WSHdW74uKk.kqp5VAKb4XA8llpJPo8vC7Yp_.TYGKJE9ah5vnPD4xOE.WtU2f.n.hpEbItO_.pa9n.G1kv2eQoJeuGVe.YXfQ.cSemMvuZ6e7BtLHrAPdD3Mg27SzCcOu__zgVfQaFjLGxIrHZ7Btg5AtwI3UeK2X_y1RiX9Eq2qKtOQvW6rmizrtf9jg.WGedHv1W4S_AFNhIZZetAu3G1KQ7TnDGLskUkAaeuaIAbpjwtryV8oI3UJwi145HIZpQNpr7nutIVohkDSB3jtHWXaYZNehW3bX1M38jyHyZMkody4qi3TOUciish651fjs1ZQ3Quuq264Qf9YYzBfoDhYW4w4TCsgtdwtSDMyfm8Vy133UwMVke0Z69oJPHaCSvU4OwUi_X_eB4SN5d3VAS8CSAMlLfEcEIMuSihuTvYdqRwhEn6qWU6JJmDYHucjIwjGND_rG5a4qKpSKYF_ckAz8PXkctHWJTyJo4CoYgnQhsZa1fL_l3qz2JbfleLQQR.odP_ZQC65GAZX3DGlCoiy76gtUYq3Ttw8LIwhCN6FaSzpFoEFohKSA4qX_qjS5f4WLXrhO3vBiXhjULKtsSYsEcWiJowXWYA.ECfSSDHiXpH73J_lstgZZbvQdZ0OFEL9dL3Lz7zOPNzqG.XEOD6HXJyniVpPLt.Z1_zKS7E.P.Bbzl1jLzO5Si2W9Ws2BUZdSRk9s_SFztkqLve8NsTCJFfX9s2fHkqP7AxtAjGdaCfszWRoYh23Gj9TM7FDADsJPKljrKqhaXb_Auu60pKQFd0WcuZE7cP4XTVm34290ZvakylrFe8oXYyRNAQHLkPYIcxnUQv8otUhYIE2ChnW4PJRdBa0HcjjFz56KlQD7wyhPWjq40Lt0sb03M68a.dIm73.435zu73kygh2Fd..zVbroRGC367quuKxvy1ZDfau1tnbw5tx9dyoibZj8qMb6BDbyuSIkj5498zFILRBcFtVjQDjmZeHMGNoibvnR.8uqryXykjb_S55byO3c2UzYqddeh6fmqadOokXXr_aEJoAFH35mOFOAYCDeHHQLSqyVEiRR1L3Oxu6BbfIId0HrpWyUjY3zgr9RL7NHwSMvMZ4nAm7NiyRx6.XgCUmG3bV.EegkAdMiCpWa1R98_XBdniqn6yWLhvzHr9hV08Nvi2dlQSErgtBIc0EgT8uvosItNRNLQQOQLwcG5iThWjXnkGsbgMmExtldvpiDLP9boj9.tRRmmszs4nR9QwkXpO21yMzqLVU1SpAjqB8mc.5edjn6oNL_CgxeZpPG8rZLohT2rml4LS.f8de6D4UymHkST.O7s7EPSLVdOnAh7h5OTQlhvTdYEvPTfMx5kg_5nP9PJGcCXZ2LW8HMFFDM7UY7u3nGvI65U_Vw6MKI9OvhWJOQCwpejgCBUL5Sj4Z9DxkU0zFwiz6O0nZDzSyXbzkCgC6kh3i0KXgtxpRPIACcAeKuuGBy0c_l0jgTpVDKT5V2_dKhygwKm4kA6J4fRS2ilVbilo",mdrd: "iYUrMOfHn8bSFhgyVjbJDfasNA2Qrf.Z5rJT1IVsS0s-1739787207-1.2.1.1-HUgc4soVYIKu4sZ.gonjbM16ilXTe8G0q4Y1V7osmY0Vx2Vp1q9OW_If3ClunilJkrXChn4PraDTPyzWAh9R7rhvbMpghKw6Yid_ArlzPml68XU1aOH5eB37N6MPvHsybqySkLwl7DA5Z8gnl5Zh6frxsNVI2ppGhvoPg74MmEeO3LmATujNUDiBXYEhYYL7k5JKOqcPDMEJ4QqNSbB0iHvRqEFXprtInCnYIlmK3gEPYSbeKSlPWjIzXaGKGFToCzAXHOnKDvHMqtxTioxbHVq67W7H.FNVGWzW0ySu3aDwVEpXJyqpBcV1PxLu6iCAY7rf3RgTwQmsBfpH0xpsuJt3gprd2ZiA9y0kYYyA8S2YvT9M.f2boswgM6S_OIYcrLy8MIM7Pe_WEyEDA8xRi5EbT0boexn21Od4lQuLeXvT2bSusDNJI8gXj8PIWnv_bhliQr_enx4Qast5r9.c_jzbCHLr9dx9w7QkMbiFKGuS8fRaR912wbhoPo0HAQVthB7eM.tLrqqRA7yMxqttCs2VKMwSqsDqgJ4q5KL7wjNfVESw2xs5t2ME._2jK69UW2bEggbrUvKd5q.Nvx9FR.VClIVbauMJ0BIzFjh3qstGbUOmg1U1Cz3pupMdfSORlQ94MNwluTvbVJWCJbXdcJEaURN5uAZ1wjYRoJAiYJZ6OEGc3ll.Sjj97673SxB8noRInkzzWppZ5ud8Frut4ns98he5rYC55DuhtZ5AqzT1P5i5L01WucsO_mimxWjMQmRIe0_eBxMOLq9OdPNrRSrUl9vnbO1Pkp_agHv1sarWdv87t2.s3rlkKQKSJ5X1QpgCWgPWwB_jnqUBd9Tqf7TxFOwKxEXjFc72Nir4zPNNyFkLG.veTZru926shEYrriBAoZig2ZoRqJm74ml.6VQIsVUF57.qKZNc58m1tsj6yLSCIZzjg9EJ2MUI6EPuY9Y4ZSpflnd0ginAXQQD.Liw3KI8REMnaNEHrOGhnefHDFYkZMixjo1XqDEzU1t5jc8eS1oRDQ7RFBSEK13.9kTWDtkgSqsOGbK34vZ6U91PnqN7RYth0tJjzr0e4_IDo14KDxP4KlZJwWqDbwQT8EyJtjfnSrCjzcNIDX__jvQdgu1L4OW5bnG9n2wQZ982uBKotkmriE8kmqL.9xtqWO3a9bv1tvq2XgROTNtv_wD1ekuZL00fBtq.1PIDdUU2dhCvvdcKExLf_q79lIlcD72lxIpnD_tfxAE442R9hQByUMRs0M_sMyRlDiGY8PhCfg.lM_eUi8yfwUEUyux5ZZ073B_iEQFdI1XJYeNTt28jrovqnUCwE3lJ_iO9yC1KVdjCVK8cIS0tRDIw07Pg5299Xfmf6uIw3W3famfXN5nZvrcDw6UnWirCZUR6xCDdnhYvpn2MBlVvH.LrddczcDeFPX0cbehFrqql69Qx6MZeVZ2QdUEFE8QhBV7b9W_o99pU8or9RbX6F2XKMB.qAW5FZa9zArav0qZ_FnM049YmKh.1DFqEnIQwohxSPhcs0rf1.K1tH5.Ar4jbAsWruq.JZ7vpyIV0kjTM1pua76Lzi3tPPgeqsHJkA1Pz6vAb9aKnA6T3TUwEXyFaHxXyDfsijLdIzeBgINrfJ9m8.1PZzKgDsPBvzx.oUdFmodnVoxFpMiHZUQ96OUGqA8F7Z_ZDd3ijkQ0crflMhxCLfwY2KGHXY7omHXy3Ko87kBNX2vEvgVsFznooWNeUV3GhWI9n8ghrE3ZyVJYGR6dtRXqf_1nqiF1v_0cOziQ9KYDvHabnvbuL6V9IdvMu9fIos3Gcy27mDq31kzCLZ8XcU3woSQsjWP9ytaED5WHYqJ2wYyI1yeyJK_hkZHGaZafDiOgVvr4f1Qr9zD6L7VxOtvPMJ4MWdSCEMMl.fXtgnfSxclujK_6NaptXMwolqVoKEEsE9KQF0CbxKOCNjysEM6ru_mlJiRNBlfdOpguiDNKb"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913501407c949fa3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/12313\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=c7eBmQWnjBSKFGzBuGbGaF7AWbkGqI_Cma6OtVf0iSI-1739787207-1.0.1.1-mc5VdWdvUozUSiHDk1nRcFonpR2kub7mAmND3F0iiMA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>