CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Francis Thomas - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d94db3cb-9613-4222-95c4-62a713418e9a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Francis_Thomas","wgTitle":"Francis Thomas","wgCurRevisionId":1259483551,"wgRevisionId":1259483551,"wgArticleId":3105378,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","1799 births","1876 deaths","People from Frederick County, Maryland","Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland","Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland","Unionist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland", "Unconditional Union Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland","Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland","Governors of Maryland","Democratic Party governors of Maryland","Speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates","Maryland lawyers","People of Maryland in the American Civil War","19th-century American diplomats","Ambassadors of the United States to Peru","St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni","Railway accident deaths in the United States","Accidental deaths in Maryland","Burials at Rose Hill Cemetery (Cumberland, Maryland)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Francis_Thomas","wgRelevantArticleId":3105378,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{ "levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q629285","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles" :"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1531"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1021"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="816"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Francis Thomas - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Thomas"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Thomas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Francis_Thomas rootpage-Francis_Thomas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Francis+Thomas" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Francis+Thomas" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Francis+Thomas" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Francis+Thomas" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maryland_House_of_Delegates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maryland_House_of_Delegates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Maryland House of Delegates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maryland_House_of_Delegates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_tenure_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_tenure_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First tenure in the United States House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_tenure_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor_of_Maryland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor_of_Maryland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governor of Maryland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor_of_Maryland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Return to Congress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collector_of_internal_revenue_for_Maryland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collector_of_internal_revenue_for_Maryland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collector of internal revenue for Maryland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collector_of_internal_revenue_for_Maryland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_to_Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_to_Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Minister to Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_to_Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Retirement and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Thomas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فرانسيس توماس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانسيس توماس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فرانسیس توماس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسیس توماس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Thomas" title="Francis Thomas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Francis Thomas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Thomas" title="Franciscus Thomas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Thomas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فرانسيس توماس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسيس توماس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Thomas" title="Francis Thomas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francis Thomas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Thomas" title="Francis Thomas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Francis Thomas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q629285#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Thomas" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Francis_Thomas" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Thomas"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Thomas"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Francis_Thomas" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Francis_Thomas" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&oldid=1259483551" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Francis_Thomas&id=1259483551&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancis_Thomas"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancis_Thomas"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Francis_Thomas&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francis_Thomas" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q629285" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1799-1876)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Francis Thomas, see <a href="/wiki/Francis_Thomas_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Francis Thomas (disambiguation)">Francis Thomas (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Francis Thomas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg/220px-Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg/330px-Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Peru">United States Minister to Peru</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 10, 1872 – July 5, 1875</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Settle_(judge)" title="Thomas Settle (judge)">Thomas Settle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Gibbs</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">26th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1842 – January 6, 1845</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Grason" title="William Grason">William Grason</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pratt_(Maryland_politician)" title="Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)">Thomas Pratt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1869</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry May (Maryland)">Henry May</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hamill" title="Patrick Hamill">Patrick Hamill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 4th congressional district">4th</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Michael_Kunkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Michael Kunkel">Jacob Michael Kunkel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gwinn_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Gwinn Harris">Benjamin Gwinn Harris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 5th congressional district">5th</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1841</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Cost_Johnson" title="William Cost Johnson">William Cost Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Thomson_Mason,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Thomson Mason, Jr.">John Thomson Mason, Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 6th congressional district">6th</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Leeds_Kerr" title="John Leeds Kerr">John Leeds Kerr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jenifer" title="Daniel Jenifer">Daniel Jenifer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 7th congressional district">7th</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sprigg" title="Michael Sprigg">Michael Sprigg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Heath" title="James P. Heath">James P. Heath</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 4th congressional district">4th</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Judiciary Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1836–1839</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beardsley" title="Samuel Beardsley">Samuel Beardsley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">John Sergeant</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Collector of Internal Revenue for Maryland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1870–1872</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates">Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1829</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Grant_Chapman" class="mw-redirect" title="John Grant Chapman">John Grant Chapman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thomas_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Thomas (Maryland) (page does not exist)">Richard Thomas</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1822<br />1827<br />1829</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">February 3, 1799<br /><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick County, Maryland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 22, 1876 (age 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Garrett_County,_Maryland" title="Garrett County, Maryland">Frankville, Maryland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Unionist_politician_(American_Civil_War)" title="Unionist politician (American Civil War)">Union</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_Union_Party" title="Unconditional Union Party">Unconditional Union</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Francis_Thomas.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Francis Thomas's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Signature_of_Francis_Thomas.png/128px-Signature_of_Francis_Thomas.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Signature_of_Francis_Thomas.png 1.5x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="33" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Francis Thomas</b> (February 3, 1799 – January 22, 1876) was an American politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Maryland">26th Governor of Maryland</a> from 1842 to 1845. He also served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, representing at separate times the <a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 4th congressional district">fourth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 5th congressional district">fifth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 6th congressional district">sixth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 7th congressional district">seventh</a> districts. He also served as <a href="/wiki/United_States_minister_to_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="United States minister to Peru">United States minister to Peru</a> from 1872 to 1875, and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates">speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates</a> in 1829. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas was born in <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick County, Maryland</a>, close to <a href="/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania)" title="South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania)">South Mountain</a>, known as "Merryland tract", and attended <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College_(Annapolis/Santa_Fe)" title="St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)">St. John's College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis, Maryland</a>. He later studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820, commencing practice in Frankville, Maryland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maryland_House_of_Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Maryland House of Delegates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He entered politics after becoming a member of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> in 1822, 1827, and 1829, and served the last year as 34th <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates">Speaker of the House</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_tenure_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives">First tenure in the United States House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First tenure in the United States House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas was elected as a Jacksonian to the <a href="/wiki/22nd_United_States_Congress" title="22nd United States Congress">Twenty-second</a> through <a href="/wiki/24th_United_States_Congress" title="24th United States Congress">Twenty-fourth</a> Congresses and as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> to the <a href="/wiki/25th_United_States_Congress" title="25th United States Congress">Twenty-fifth</a> and <a href="/wiki/26th_United_States_Congress" title="26th United States Congress">Twenty-sixth</a> Congresses, serving from March 4, 1831 until March 3, 1841). In Congress, he served as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary">Committee on the Judiciary</a> (Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses), and as a member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_Committee_on_Naval_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House Committee on Naval Affairs">Committee on Naval Affairs</a> (Twenty-sixth Congress). He also served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_%26_Ohio_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesapeake & Ohio Canal">Chesapeake & Ohio Canal</a> Company in 1839 and 1840. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_Maryland">Governor of Maryland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governor of Maryland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1841, Thomas was elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a>, defeating challenger <a href="/wiki/William_Cost_Johnson" title="William Cost Johnson">William Cost Johnson</a> by a margin of 600 votes. During his tenure as governor, he is perhaps best known for his highly publicized and violent divorce with his wife, Sally Campbell Preston McDowell. McDowell had left the marriage over claims of "violent jealous rages [that] made her fear for her life" and that prompted her father, Virginia Governor <a href="/wiki/James_McDowell" title="James McDowell">James McDowell</a>, to seek out a bill of divorce from the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia General Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until that event, he had been a leading candidate for Democratic nomination for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, but the divorce seriously disrupted his chances in succeeding in the nomination, and thus he did not pursue it. </p><p>As governor, Thomas inherited a major state deficit that he would not resolve in his tenure. He proposed a direct tax upon the people, which was widely unpopular, and did not raise adequate funds to allow repudiation of the debt. He was also a staunch opponent of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, a unique position in a border-state like Maryland, decrying it as "<i>altogether unworthy of enlightened statesmen, and should be by all patriots repudiated</i>". He served as governor from 1842 until 1845, narrowly beating <a href="/wiki/William_Cost_Johnson" title="William Cost Johnson">William Cost Johnson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who he succeeded as Maryland's 6th district congressman, in 1841 for a three-year term. Thomas was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1844. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Congress">Return to Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his term as governor, Thomas served as a member of the Maryland State Constitutional convention in 1850. He was again elected to the <a href="/wiki/37th_United_States_Congress" title="37th United States Congress">Thirty-seventh</a> Congress as a Unionist, as an Unconditional Unionist to the <a href="/wiki/38th_United_States_Congress" title="38th United States Congress">Thirty-eighth</a> and <a href="/wiki/39th_United_States_Congress" title="39th United States Congress">Thirty-ninth</a> Congresses, and as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> to the <a href="/wiki/40th_United_States_Congress" title="40th United States Congress">Fortieth</a> Congress, serving from March 4, 1861 until March 3, 1869. When he left the House in 1869, he had served a total nine terms over almost four decades. </p><p>While in the House, Thomas served as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/1866_National_Union_Convention" title="1866 National Union Convention">1866 National Union Convention</a> at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collector_of_internal_revenue_for_Maryland">Collector of internal revenue for Maryland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Collector of internal revenue for Maryland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas served as collector of internal revenue for Maryland from 1870 until 1872. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_to_Peru">Minister to Peru</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Minister to Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas was appointed by President Grant to serve as the United States Minister to <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, and help this position from March 25, 1872 to July 9, 1875. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_death">Retirement and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Retirement and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving the ministership to Peru he retired from public and professional life and devoted his time to agricultural pursuits. </p><p>On January 22, 1876, while overseeing improvements on his estate near Frankville, Maryland, a community that once existed along the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Garrett_County,_Maryland" title="Garrett County, Maryland">Garrett County</a>, Thomas was killed instantly when he was struck by a <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is interred in a vault in Rose Hill Cemetery of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland" title="Cumberland, Maryland">Cumberland, Maryland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressT000166" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000166">"Francis Thomas (id: T000166)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Francis+Thomas+%28id%3A+T000166%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DT000166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Thomas" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 2009-04-14</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteHeinrich_Ewald_Buchholz1970" class="citation book cs1">White, Frank F. Jr.; Heinrich Ewald Buchholz (1970). <i>The Governors of Maryland 1777–1970</i>. Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission. pp. 123–126. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/144620">144620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governors+of+Maryland+1777%E2%80%931970&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pages=123-126&rft.pub=The+Hall+of+Records+Commission&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F144620&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Frank+F.+Jr.&rft.au=Heinrich+Ewald+Buchholz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Thomas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=58342">Our Campaigns profile</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/destiny/where_women/divorce.htm">"Working Out Her Destiny - Where are the Women: Examples from the LVA Collections"</a>. <i>Library of Virginia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Virginia&rft.atitle=Working+Out+Her+Destiny+-+Where+are+the+Women%3A+Examples+from+the+LVA+Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lva.virginia.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fdestiny%2Fwhere_women%2Fdivorce.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Thomas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.J2003" class="citation book cs1">S.J, Thomas E. Buckley (2003-11-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ajqCQAAQBAJ&q=Francis+Thomas+Sally+McDowell&pg=PA302"><i>The Great Catastrophe of My Life: Divorce in the Old Dominion</i></a>. Univ of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807861486" title="Special:BookSources/9780807861486"><bdi>9780807861486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Catastrophe+of+My+Life%3A+Divorce+in+the+Old+Dominion&rft.pub=Univ+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2003-11-03&rft.isbn=9780807861486&rft.aulast=S.J&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.+Buckley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ajqCQAAQBAJ%26q%3DFrancis%2BThomas%2BSally%2BMcDowell%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Thomas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=121521">"Our Campaigns - MD Governor Race - Oct 06, 1841"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=Our+Campaigns+-+MD+Governor+Race+-+Oct+06%2C+1841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D121521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Thomas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogytrails.com/mary/governors6.html">"Maryland Genealogy and History - presented by Genealogy Trails History Group"</a>. <i>genealogytrails.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genealogytrails.com&rft.atitle=Maryland+Genealogy+and+History+-+presented+by+Genealogy+Trails+History+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogytrails.com%2Fmary%2Fgovernors6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Thomas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francis_Thomas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Francis Thomas">Francis Thomas</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Grason" title="William Grason">William Grason</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a> </b><br />1841 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Carroll_(Maryland_politician)" title="James Carroll (Maryland politician)">James Carroll</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Grason" title="William Grason">William Grason</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a> </b><br />1842–1845 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pratt_(Maryland_politician)" title="Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)">Thomas Pratt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Grant_Chapman" class="mw-redirect" title="John Grant Chapman">John Grant Chapman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates">Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates</a> </b><br />1829 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thomas_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Thomas (Maryland) (page does not exist)">Richard Thomas</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Sprigg" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael C. Sprigg">Michael C. Sprigg</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Maryland" title="List of United States representatives from Maryland">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Maryland04 !"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 4th congressional district">Maryland's 4th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1831–1833 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Heath" title="James P. Heath">James P. Heath</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Leeds_Kerr" title="John Leeds Kerr">John Leeds Kerr</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Maryland" title="List of United States representatives from Maryland">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Maryland07 !"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 7th congressional district">Maryland's 7th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1833–1835 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jenifer" title="Daniel Jenifer">Daniel Jenifer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Cost_Johnson" title="William Cost Johnson">William Cost Johnson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Maryland" title="List of United States representatives from Maryland">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Maryland06 !"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 6th congressional district">Maryland's 6th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1835–1841 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_T._Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="John T. Mason">John T. Mason</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Michael_Kunkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Michael Kunkel">Jacob Michael Kunkel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Maryland" title="List of United States representatives from Maryland">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Maryland05 !"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 5th congressional district">Maryland's 5th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1861–1863 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_G._Harris" title="Benjamin G. Harris">Benjamin G. Harris</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry May (Maryland)">Henry May</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Maryland" title="List of United States representatives from Maryland">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Maryland04 !"><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Maryland's 4th congressional district">Maryland's 4th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1863–1869 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hamill" title="Patrick Hamill">Patrick Hamill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Settle_(judge)" title="Thomas Settle (judge)">Thomas Settle</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Peru">United States Minister to Peru</a> </b><br />July 10, 1872 – July 5, 1875 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Gibbs_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Gibbs (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Richard Gibbs</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Maryland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Maryland" title="Template:Governors of Maryland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Maryland" title="Template talk:Governors of Maryland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Maryland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Maryland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Maryland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governors of Maryland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Provincial <span class="nobold">(1632–1776)</span></a><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/45px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/68px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/90px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Calvert" title="Leonard Calvert">L. Calvert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hill_(Virginian_politician)" title="Edward Hill (Virginian politician)">E. Hill</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Greene_(governor)" title="Thomas Greene (governor)">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stone_(Maryland_governor)" title="William Stone (Maryland governor)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josias_Fendall" title="Josias Fendall">Fendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Calvert_(governor)" title="Phillip Calvert (governor)">P. Calvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore" title="Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore">C. Calvert, 3rd Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Wharton_(Maryland_governor)" title="Jesse Wharton (Maryland governor)">Wharton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Notley" title="Thomas Notley">Notley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore" title="Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore">C. Calvert, 3rd Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Calvert,_4th_Baron_Baltimore" title="Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore">B. Calvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joseph_(governor)" title="William Joseph (governor)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coode_(Governor_of_Maryland)" title="John Coode (Governor of Maryland)">Coode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_Blakiston" title="Nehemiah Blakiston">Neh. Blakiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Copley" title="Lionel Copley">Copley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence_(Governor_of_Maryland)" title="Thomas Lawrence (Governor of Maryland)">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Greenberry" title="Nicholas Greenberry">Greenberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence_(Governor_of_Maryland)" title="Thomas Lawrence (Governor of Maryland)">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Nicholson" title="Francis Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Blakiston" title="Nathaniel Blakiston">Nat. Blakiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tench" title="Thomas Tench">Tench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Seymour_(Maryland_governor)" title="John Seymour (Maryland governor)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_(Colonial_Governor_of_Maryland)" title="Edward Lloyd (Colonial Governor of Maryland)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(Governor_of_Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hart (Governor of Maryland)">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brooke_Jr." title="Thomas Brooke Jr.">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_5th_Baron_Baltimore" title="Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore">C. Calvert, 5th Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Leonard_Calvert" title="Benedict Leonard Calvert">B. L. Calvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ogle" title="Samuel Ogle">Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_5th_Baron_Baltimore" title="Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore">C. Calvert, 5th Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ogle" title="Samuel Ogle">Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bladen" title="Thomas Bladen">Bladen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ogle" title="Samuel Ogle">Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tasker_Sr." title="Benjamin Tasker Sr.">Tasker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Sharpe" title="Horatio Sharpe">Sharpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Eden,_1st_Baronet,_of_Maryland" title="Sir Robert Eden, 1st Baronet, of Maryland">Eden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Maryland" title="List of governors of Maryland">State <span class="nobold">(since 1776)</span></a><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/68px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/90px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Johnson (jurist)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sim_Lee" title="Thomas Sim Lee">T. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smallwood" title="William Smallwood">Smallwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">J. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plater" title="George Plater">Plater</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James_Brice" title="James Brice">Brice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sim_Lee" title="Thomas Sim Lee">T. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hoskins_Stone" title="John Hoskins Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(Maryland_politician)" title="John Henry (Maryland politician)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ogle" title="Benjamin Ogle">Ogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Mercer" title="John Francis Mercer">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bowie" title="Robert Bowie">R. Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wright_(Maryland_politician)" title="Robert Wright (Maryland politician)">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_(Governor_of_Maryland)" title="Edward Lloyd (Governor of Maryland)">E. Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bowie" title="Robert Bowie">R. Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levin_Winder" title="Levin Winder">Winder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carnan_Ridgely" title="Charles Carnan Ridgely">Ridgely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goldsborough" title="Charles Goldsborough">C. Goldsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sprigg" title="Samuel Sprigg">Sprigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Stevens_Jr." title="Samuel Stevens Jr.">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kent" title="Joseph Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Martin_(politician)" title="Daniel Martin (politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_King_Carroll" title="Thomas King Carroll">T. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Martin_(politician)" title="Daniel Martin (politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Howard_(Governor_of_Maryland)" title="George Howard (Governor of Maryland)">G. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_(Governor_of_Maryland)" title="James Thomas (Governor of Maryland)">J. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Veazey" title="Thomas Veazey">Veazey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grason" title="William Grason">Grason</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pratt_(Maryland_politician)" title="Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Francis_Thomas" title="Philip Francis Thomas">P. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Louis_Lowe" title="Enoch Louis Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Watkins_Ligon" title="Thomas Watkins Ligon">Ligon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Hicks" title="Thomas Holliday Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Bradford" title="Augustus Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Swann" title="Thomas Swann">Swann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oden_Bowie" title="Oden Bowie">O. Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney_Whyte" title="William Pinkney Whyte">Whyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Black_Groome" title="James Black Groome">Groome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Carroll" title="John Lee Carroll">J. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomas Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lloyd_(governor)" title="Henry Lloyd (governor)">H. Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Emory_Jackson" title="Elihu Emory Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brown_(governor)" title="Frank Brown (governor)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Lowndes_Jr." title="Lloyd Lowndes Jr.">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Walter_Smith" title="John Walter Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Warfield" title="Edwin Warfield">Warfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Lane_Crothers" title="Austin Lane Crothers">Crothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Lee_Goldsborough" title="Phillips Lee Goldsborough">P. Goldsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Harrington" title="Emerson Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Ritchie" title="Albert Ritchie">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nice" title="Harry Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_O%27Conor" title="Herbert O'Conor">O'Conor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_Lane_Jr." title="William Preston Lane Jr.">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_McKeldin" title="Theodore McKeldin">McKeldin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Millard_Tawes" title="J. Millard Tawes">Tawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Mandel" title="Marvin Mandel">Mandel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blair_Lee_III" title="Blair Lee III">B. Lee</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hughes" title="Harry Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Schaefer" title="William Donald Schaefer">Schaefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parris_Glendening" title="Parris Glendening">Glendening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ehrlich" title="Bob Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">O'Malley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hogan" title="Larry Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Moore" title="Wes Moore">Moore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate acting officeholders</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Judiciary_chairs" title="Template:US House Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Judiciary_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Judiciary_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Judiciary chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">United States House Committee on the Judiciary</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jared_Ingersoll" title="Charles Jared Ingersoll">C. Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(Virginia_politician)" title="Hugh Nelson (Virginia politician)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(Virginia_politician)" title="Hugh Nelson (Virginia politician)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_R._Davis" title="Warren R. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Flournoy_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Flournoy Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beardsley" title="Samuel Beardsley">Beardsley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">Sergeant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Barnard" title="Daniel D. Barnard">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilkins_(American_politician)" title="William Wilkins (American politician)">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Mitchell_Saunders" class="mw-redirect" title="Romulus Mitchell Saunders">Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_O._Rathbun" title="George O. Rathbun">Rathbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_Ingersoll" title="Joseph Reed Ingersoll">J. Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thompson_(jurist)" title="James Thompson (jurist)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Xavier_McLanahan" class="mw-redirect" title="James Xavier McLanahan">McLanahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Perry_Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Perry Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Simmons" title="George A. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hickman_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="John Hickman (Pennsylvania politician)">Hickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Wilson" title="James F. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bingham" title="John Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Proctor_Knott" title="J. Proctor Knott">Knott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">T. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_Tucker_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Randolph Tucker (politician)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_B._Taylor" title="Ezra B. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Henderson" title="David B. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Ray" title="George W. Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Jenkins" title="John J. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Parker" title="Richard W. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_De_Lamar_Clayton_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr.">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Y._Webb" title="Edwin Y. Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">Volstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Scott_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="George Scott Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatton_W._Sumners" title="Hatton W. Sumners">Sumners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_C._Michener" title="Earl C. Michener">Michener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Celler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_W._Reed" title="Chauncey W. Reed">C. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Celler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Rodino" title="Peter W. Rodino">Rodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brooks_(American_politician)" title="Jack Brooks (American politician)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hyde" title="Henry Hyde">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner" title="Jim Sensenbrenner">Sensenbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Goodlatte" title="Bob Goodlatte">Goodlatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nadler" title="Jerry Nadler">Nadler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template:US House Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">United States House Committee on Armed Services</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military Affairs Committee <br /> (1822–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton_Jr." title="James Hamilton Jr.">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vance_(Ohio_politician)" title="Joseph Vance (Ohio politician)">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton_Jr." title="James Hamilton Jr.">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Drayton" title="William Drayton">Drayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iver_McKay" class="mw-redirect" title="James Iver McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Johnson" title="Cave Johnson">C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddy_Thompson_Jr." title="Waddy Thompson Jr.">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crosby_Dawson" class="mw-redirect" title="William Crosby Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanly" title="Edward Stanly">Stanly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Haralson" title="Hugh A. Haralson">Haralson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Botts" title="John Botts">Botts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistead_Burt" title="Armistead Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bissell" title="William Henry Bissell">Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Quitman" title="John A. Quitman">Quitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Faulkner" title="Charles J. Faulkner">Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stanton" title="Benjamin Stanton">B. Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(Fall_River,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Buffington (Fall River, Massachusetts)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Schenck" title="Robert C. Schenck">Schenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coburn_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Coburn (Indiana politician)">Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Banning" title="Henry B. Banning">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._J._Sparks" title="William A. J. Sparks">Sparks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Henderson_(politician)" title="Thomas J. Henderson (politician)">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Bragg" title="Edward S. Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Townshend" title="Richard W. Townshend">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_M._Cutcheon" title="Byron M. Cutcheon">Cutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Outhwaite" title="Joseph H. Outhwaite">Outhwaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._T._Hull" title="John A. T. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hay_(politician)" title="James Hay (politician)">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Hubert_Dent_Jr." title="S. Hubert Dent Jr.">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman)" title="Julius Kahn (congressman)">Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._McKenzie" title="John C. McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Morin" title="John M. Morin">Morin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Frank_James" title="W. Frank James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Quin" title="Percy Quin">Quin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McSwain" title="John J. McSwain">McSwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._May" title="Andrew J. May">May</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval Affairs Committee <br /> (1822–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Fuller" title="Timothy Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Storrs" title="Henry R. Storrs">Storrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hoffman_(congressman)" title="Michael Hoffman (congressman)">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_(Maine_politician)" title="John Anderson (Maine politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_P._White" title="Campbell P. White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jarvis" title="Leonard Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ingham" title="Samuel Ingham">Ingham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wise" title="Henry A. Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parmenter" title="William Parmenter">Parmenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_E._Holmes" title="Isaac E. Holmes">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Butler_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Butler King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Perry_Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Perry Stanton">F. Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Bocock" title="Thomas S. Bocock">Bocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Benson" title="Samuel P. Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Bocock" title="Thomas S. Bocock">Bocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_H._Morse" title="Freeman H. Morse">Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Sedgwick" title="Charles B. Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Pike" title="Frederick A. Pike">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenni_William_Scofield" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenni William Scofield">Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_C._Whitthorne" title="Washington C. Whitthorne">Whitthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_W._Harris" title="Benjamin W. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Cox" title="Samuel S. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_A._Herbert" title="Hilary A. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Boutelle" title="Charles A. Boutelle">Boutelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_A._Herbert" title="Hilary A. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_J._Cummings" title="Amos J. Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Augustus_Geissenhainer" title="Jacob Augustus Geissenhainer">Geissenhainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Boutelle" title="Charles A. Boutelle">Boutelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Foss" class="mw-redirect" title="George Edmund Foss">Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_P._Padgett" title="Lemuel P. Padgett">Padgett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Butler" title="Thomas S. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Britten" title="Frederick A. Britten">Britten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Vinson" title="Carl Vinson">Vinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armed Services Committee* <br /> (from 1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_G._Andrews" title="Walter G. Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Vinson" title="Carl Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Jackson_Short" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewey Jackson Short">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Vinson" title="Carl Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Philbin" title="Philip J. Philbin">Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Edward_H%C3%A9bert" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Edward Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Price" title="Melvin Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">Aspin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Dellums" title="Ron Dellums">Dellums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Spence" title="Floyd Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Stump" title="Bob Stump">Stump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter" title="Duncan L. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_McKeon" title="Buck McKeon">McKeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">Thornberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_(Washington_politician)" title="Adam Smith (Washington politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Alabama politician)">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>*</sup>Alternately named <b>National Security</b> in 104th and 105th Congresses.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_ambassadors_to_Peru_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Peru&#124;link=Peru" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Peru" title="Template:US Ambassadors to Peru"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_Peru" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to Peru"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Peru" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to Peru"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_ambassadors_to_Peru_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Peru&#124;link=Peru" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Peru" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Peru">United States ambassadors to Peru</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chargé d'Affaires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cooley_(diplomat)" title="James Cooley (diplomat)">Cooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Larned" title="Samuel Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_B._Thornton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James B. Thornton (page does not exist)">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._C._Pickett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. C. Pickett (page does not exist)">Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Bryan" title="John A. Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Jewett" title="Albert G. Jewett">Jewett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_Clay" title="John Randolph Clay">Clay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary<br />and Minister Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_Clay" title="John Randolph Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Robinson_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Christopher Robinson (Rhode Island politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Peterson_Hovey" title="Alvin Peterson Hovey">Hovey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Settle_(judge)" title="Thomas Settle (judge)">Settle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Gibbs_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Gibbs (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_P._Christiancy" title="Isaac P. Christiancy">Christiancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Hurlbut" title="Stephen A. Hurlbut">Hurlbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Ledyard_Phelps" title="Seth Ledyard Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_W._Buck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles W. Buck (page does not exist)">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hicks_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hicks (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._McKenzie" title="James A. McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_B._Dudley" title="Irving B. Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leslie_Combs_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leslie Combs III (page does not exist)">Combs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Clay_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Clay Howard (page does not exist)">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_McMillin" title="Benton McMillin">McMillin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Elliott_Gonzales" title="William Elliott Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Poindexter" title="Miles Poindexter">Poindexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pollock_Moore" title="Alexander Pollock Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Morris_Dearing" title="Fred Morris Dearing">Dearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Steinhardt" title="Laurence Steinhardt">Steinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Henry_Norweb" title="Raymond Henry Norweb">Norweb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_White_(diplomat)" title="John Campbell White (diplomat)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Pawley" title="William D. Pawley">Pawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentice_Cooper" title="Prentice Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_H._Tittmann_Jr." title="Harold H. Tittmann Jr.">Tittmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_O._Briggs" title="Ellis O. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Achilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selden_Chapin" title="Selden Chapin">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I._Loeb" title="James I. Loeb">Loeb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wesley_Jones_(ambassador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wesley Jones (ambassador) (page does not exist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_G._Belcher" title="Taylor G. Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Dean" title="Robert William Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_W._Shlaudeman" title="Harry W. Shlaudeman">Shlaudeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Corr" title="Edwin G. Corr">Corr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_V._Ortiz_Jr." title="Frank V. Ortiz Jr.">Ortiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jordan" title="David C. Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Watson_(diplomat)" title="Alexander Watson (diplomat)">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_C._E._Quainton" title="Anthony C. E. Quainton">Quainton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Brayshaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Brayshaw (page does not exist)">Brayshaw</a> <small>(a.i.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_P._Adams_Jr." title="Alvin P. Adams Jr.">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jett" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Jett">Jett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randle_Hamilton" title="John Randle Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_R._Dawson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John R. Dawson (page does not exist)">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Curtis_Struble" title="J. Curtis Struble">Struble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Michael_McKinley" class="mw-redirect" title="P. Michael McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_M._Likins" title="Rose M. Likins">Likins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_A._Nichols" title="Brian A. Nichols">Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Urs" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Urs">Urs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_D._Kenna" title="Lisa D. Kenna">Kenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629285#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000038566238X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/235908165">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/183167/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqfFXKpvrBqWwRdc6TWDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85240914">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007357539905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000166">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6b85gh3">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&oldid=1259483551">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&oldid=1259483551</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1799_births" title="Category:1799 births">1799 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1876_deaths" title="Category:1876 deaths">1876 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Category:People from Frederick County, Maryland">People from Frederick County, Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jacksonian_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Maryland" title="Category:Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland">Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Maryland" title="Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland">Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unionist_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Maryland" title="Category:Unionist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland">Unionist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unconditional_Union_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Maryland" title="Category:Unconditional Union Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland">Unconditional Union Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Maryland" title="Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland">Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Maryland" title="Category:Governors of Maryland">Governors of Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Party_governors_of_Maryland" title="Category:Democratic Party governors of Maryland">Democratic Party governors of Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Speakers_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Category:Speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates">Speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maryland_lawyers" title="Category:Maryland lawyers">Maryland lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:People of Maryland in the American Civil War">People of Maryland in the American Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_diplomats" title="Category:19th-century American diplomats">19th-century American diplomats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Peru" title="Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Peru">Ambassadors of the United States to Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._John%27s_College_(Annapolis/Santa_Fe)_alumni" title="Category:St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni">St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Railway_accident_deaths_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Railway accident deaths in the United States">Railway accident deaths in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accidental_deaths_in_Maryland" title="Category:Accidental deaths in Maryland">Accidental deaths in Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Rose_Hill_Cemetery_(Cumberland,_Maryland)" title="Category:Burials at Rose Hill Cemetery (Cumberland, Maryland)">Burials at Rose Hill Cemetery (Cumberland, Maryland)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 12:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Thomas&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-67c44fb794-hljxz","wgBackendResponseTime":183,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.813","walltime":"1.099","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20645,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":154855,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23899,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":83345,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 957.826 1 -total"," 30.05% 287.854 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 18.98% 181.770 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 14.98% 143.436 4 Template:Cite_web"," 12.56% 120.289 36 Template:Main_other"," 11.88% 113.757 4 Template:Navbox"," 9.75% 93.381 5 Template:US_House_succession_box"," 9.64% 92.293 1 Template:Governors_of_Maryland"," 9.01% 86.303 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.62% 82.556 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.396","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7892583,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-5dbpx","timestamp":"20241128004058","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Francis Thomas","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Thomas","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q629285","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q629285","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-11-08T01:25:07Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T12:14:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/62\/Francis_Thomas_of_Maryland_-_photo_portrait_seated_%281%29.jpg","headline":"American politician (1799-1876)"}</script> </body> </html>