CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "pubs.acs.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9184e44e1bedfda4',cH: '07zbAptylzsp_JJwBuO1fbw8p99E3vaHDOBQ5BO.SGw-1740624882-1.2.1.1-BTusB8VByezU8Oq7nhzakpZxA1596uOKIGZftgSOyOTWCSTOFHrNG3J1S8KMvYwb',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00009?__cf_chl_tk=Or80Q.F9OSJh6YMwNxaNTBeQbNXO0aPMmVZeqAddbQk-1740624882-1.0.1.1-3jGwnw4cQGoWeTSMnuza45uOg7_SEfFVnFlRRnAwI0I",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740624882',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00009?__cf_chl_f_tk=Or80Q.F9OSJh6YMwNxaNTBeQbNXO0aPMmVZeqAddbQk-1740624882-1.0.1.1-3jGwnw4cQGoWeTSMnuza45uOg7_SEfFVnFlRRnAwI0I",md: "oIqKdY8GMYiFCBcXO66DukCCsLKz_xvgx7BROjm5RPk-1740624882-1.2.1.1-dPdXLwAi9XLKp9uVA0N3meOP6yWI2RCL6CAqZAs1N8TqII345ZX88jErOOsgj2EnvO2MCOs0z.k3AoOk_aowZl88HnKBZwhKg4WwFdYQv4aZu8ClDlcfhsPxPlhEt25G8aB2mDYcQRVNMgu1h7dQmEECd2ypd.6CdHBRo6RNn6W8_.ItdjomgDQoeIqCq1.NjMABajwghb0YHcSd_L.zWs.jWFZ.dhysqFzbAvo9roIP6sMYrnsVqPwIfkjoUJPUzdUOPpELHmis0ZE1U1XsLKpFEkgAX2txbC3NHR9Hy6SOKRcuv4YGLQCeYpPDK3jAcZtQBBStQOrCAMBBj.WLNQItkwhwNAuFNLuOiUG5P1zF4blLgzXrLmRN1Pxy5wG56djZ7G7W1PYjqgYZQhe8RoevepY9sL64wvsTPx70Jgz1dGlCZa12LciUNszv2ZNIN26GHQtsDgeYt7S6TK3Q3UhjejpBGshZuqBkp7fpajv.2EgbtuLi4nGSiPCvFyB_DbIemmBg8k3QioIKftdcXciWq2VZ9vHwEc8F6xd3Ybucq5TNFoa_vJbaJ2H9YYIl_K2xVdQovEuCAm1wlGX86Nd7FcaSe0bYtybH2yGzHQrFQTrM4M2AP9s1Wkie1qE73iM3bmNvTT94l.O6HlsrrOGlHuO.zOy8QU8Ka6yxWxhxpDybsSr0EsPo2bWndFXkMU9sqw1he9MxRVKVlSLMROivrFaV_GriGBy3v6CT3lEly07OOFpJha8gTbzSbslXBmTin4u3TX_CTb7LhKFDqFAaHeIiaIjjReMZEB7V4mTGENOALPeEQMdHrB_pglNap0O2okf91i2UP_ARO7szc116H9bg4GDDvm8CUB0.fgHKy4vMOCSCYic32HxOW74tpcGFDx596VqENa0AXHbv15is4oEeL_LHJPFKEdDJiCLb6.lBD2KU2TqGmg5.yUzFMpW8MtfdugAotmA9By8NzgUxsz1Olwf_GtfUh1.GKXjv1J8vIMtjX3QB0fcQSsW9mHQpG7.JhDtM6wzXRF.NSvkRWhueuhdITpTvY3TjeW517dSK2q4lq3_uPRJK4UJJY4lFE9wU8yHuIt.gDzppzFcO4Z1yoph.74Nmwh5YDKi3MHjYN52BM.7TF7D1aSqDLDkRi24f9DQIg4dgel4tD5fE4hU6moDH1FIikBBkzwXvQtkTNsGoGVjt9sIv8ygaj1EV8XpYkfkWRHovPPrAk01b.aUjyZ6XrWf35kC81uq7LPbNtPBHV7cTR3UkIlX95ckm7qOajWg.MXvdon.OlDAQd5dUKqVxJs0L7EkMgSmkrJUFA.tQa5geJ6CkO0nI7l4WnYM7a4avXk1AekiD6YIDhG2Yes88XSifjxJcUzn7aGKRYBQ74g.Ss8E_DbTLTg_XLLHXAWRG6b42Uvq4L7slZBBaEPzWujFqAPn4Y6fFt0ABCau32adlhsvX.3FMJstDPrH3dKWTZZaZyfQoK42LurcfSew8uid_CihnTVnAFVqZPUN7CpomaBqX9mJahvMH5iObjEzkQj2C.4H491gbG7M91dXoEuapng107N9JAJJeu0x29SOIbGMbHI0DjibjWrroqZ6bTM9PTFKSfH6KPda7PxBZcLHAZEzq.EaF.3yyk6sAgYC_3U30WSDvNYqecFo..5GmtwGWtE1WTUe_nu251u_GuOG5cZXonl1afQmJgrFOzP1X8MNcpNNBY2rDJv9OxqmawfiNR9wClqqx5Q1hHtczCVAdBlX0tUOA9Z5NCRfBaQPdgUJskVfzIEoF3yEGjQBpZb4HBC.Ozti4zQFaSREUA4EBIbQoc4e1YX_AmvFklDhENwZamuIMzoj.H8WfwUiorDreJHwUIJr6PhYhbft01FraFs02hkblxOi0XOuCFLFWaV5jZryUaxMO2KvT4HPAHcF_d4v9PgBoZ9pjQBtTU8WH8YB8EZQOmHFAR8hvIkc4nbuiBeUqD3XC4x2YGWrIRIA_2cyvRRx7RCZkUezAB6nLqkIcVz3i.u7RX9XTVi5xt9ZMMq7GYsdgDI58KWQKcXwBhxTbW1aq25L0IQ_IepG4z3Fmahzbo5.ts2Cyce.PJr4zZaZRt4fGLwiwbOriWf9vfhV_mc6aO2Qoyc70ZvdWWgZ7GtSXpQiCXdrAjo.UBBy2ZfvvecqOpFPWXyxqP0w7xs65yqG15IQfLCdy.p4ERKLIKHrEFmXShU9d_JPrhpapgcSPFdRn_WtUDws6gw4_IoK.zg3_OJUBZSf6Y7jRByTG97APIvb5S4CodRyYnTkKFy9HapOjqTFakXBLGBf6rJDm7uqOu1hXbPwxWdn0H06SL20S1Fx8rEoXACU6iTknXXs8Vr9rLKyKdcQfF7eof7xoDHouTISG6gBg2MZXyOVvKu5FkUVfTuyJIM8B8yZHb9dh8zMIN_3.Mx.P0YnEO6o7dURHn6ol8Q.D7B2Xhh0frd1zo6DMrQyV4Wo.K.e16jPg4gncroliSwl4bDI2EmQeucXfH7m7J74eLO2sNJBrPZH4_7FIEemqpLhOtXlDx2zrcH3BVmQqxgF1xqt9V_8qUWuXf5dU0NPzVfIPRSg6XJvedemXfloKg0yXONJM6eW7",mdrd: "4nfwaulTGtYlhPXgg98OKeftTbND3mEqBMWFEfEbFe0-1740624882-1.2.1.1-3D_zuvkd1bVmf05YjSQ5jcggiG2h_iH2L0TAOdSjSAdfmHjvmRfQErIrHg0mim4hwxeSMq1kWM25BK_9FXUn8lKAyF6IkVuiYzxibp.Nx8_v3N4d08mibHPswGzgmVqoagOHFt6fnPLDhDl.1C_0xllbX0kqlTiuSKXy2JxkBW.rv6k.7U.NN5rn9sMVanDAEM5Rm_rhFySmb1EXlKDlS1IM_NBgSosCeH95nZtfooJOFqE0wcZbEhWFok2WnMDxLBk4KvQAcN0XvugELp0LewgsYNJAHhLjuctmaE7InYlYAU5srgc6UqoV.tPJP.GPnjE9Kl82AznUG4.vQHM2SOhciHiDkkLLiuy26PdBhUdlRriso7HmY0FODIpaY_sADWNA3BsdzRNinXrZc0YDWQeZn2bbvsDqk7gih5lSF8ta6kuh.dpjVisZAdLuxD_HjCG0j1MPziUulAbSsxI06lMand0aTtAm8kaeGxqqsprXTvQqmIyPvkYM0xGfyS_pqZeqLS_jMSPj_kzRijCnNbYQdXcNHnzfV6ID2VEJ5Rg1QXBQCwOQtSBQ9bBE397RpoBOZ5ndeTxEy6z2NLDXBqF3m6fwwPQjB1jFKsbePv.d6Lax.GyI5ZVkCAckXjxR4eTD4rT3EtCS5NfYGNE7ZiUjq4jWeGgA.7r8Kn7RkAkDyXElPFwiJkhXWLco83IGyzRQRCy1r0Qk1me7MnwgC3GjgNWnPFwpQ3j3T89fsj9wymQUOrvpoZwT5txPjtx4ACzt6fmmuC_hxv9Towl8AYPV6ILT968E0v8xOEMBuO559ZIkjVehIFG6vGbg_G4bFx2NYcN5YhedFAszXqIK7fB2ux7dQqp.wUj542P2sSWqV3DkayN7_.5GTMhGGwAskyCwkx94LdwBkw7FF2KPADQANETK4Vu1.iwkMaR1O.rY271yb.Clf1Y2szYx2UX1_VSL0Tb8DdviuPGNgZ5rcnSYBvTD4cYCKlYDE.O8DC2XdF8FkOjuLgLig1bGl1dZg8PXfcnwo2J.EXpmZJgvqSozqoa.aUM5XdxHpOHp6.KE5i5vHhNHwQyF.3yN.8TH0A3lzFhtI1pcGGiIpBnfZXtsgS2NwLZNlNqc3BaLDLspZOYDzlt7w6DH6LJmvc6.Ic_m34UmSGsEcCbd.C4EdPx5CFD98Vhhr6A1fDY7CZzpdI.UqXEju4ja0NJn7f.6Sxzq.Y7anfA2OzBnLZRKT.lZZjl4UpRDfzBL_orls0D8af9cDyO4dAbJycMrOryEQaLKpwaKDDy47Kwr6ErM_qk3o3aM2G0TOSu8g3TH5sXsmh2.QvXPIgjqsIWdrPKVqYUxfX_MQ1qJvymLPG.7dVkAGQwWTulC4YCpoYytH_vZG6T4UsdeJX6FmauNnr8S31Jo9VxDkxM3cjvyszKuZgbdTTt5ey7hqQEcGxuLKGoihKaCLjHVSo4pP74LGLqQpE.zily2gO2DYeiBcgL.agtO8XXD.cJAh6cb14GTdNDnr9czyhMmBobjm20WvxqBcagRptz_5M7BjoRvO0eTZNBXaKwfDkq6nxPh8072KueUQDKzVtcDl9tzS1j9G45vTtl4A9fkWEKnQPzF3a_PexutAoaVybB7_Bg6R1econA6lLNkNMG_PS61CwnVmmHUGwxxJn9lhEQxVOMuLdhotGh2D51sdJ0ht20dCi1U5Zixe_hnGHhB0hmYBfrirEz_ZZmT5DV6UdWDz.n7FMBDsK.DFHLWtTlL8FFpXwkXzjXhFyDaGYUwAqKFfwYn68OZLpV66BQz_lLWtaF1wnKzaKZ5obGn3ZuP1ksT8309kbhLe_Thmky686oz9AHYiSiiZ_2AQfxfXR10.xzsxfaH4X2dMPeOTuhHTRs_BuG_8TV0.jJLiy0tcXUs5iduax_L5.kvzfyBx1ozJvw4B9_Fl52Lb72VSFtomA4U2TPmj.U"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9184e44e1bedfda4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00009?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Or80Q.F9OSJh6YMwNxaNTBeQbNXO0aPMmVZeqAddbQk-1740624882-1.0.1.1-3jGwnw4cQGoWeTSMnuza45uOg7_SEfFVnFlRRnAwI0I" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>