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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Encyclopédie</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 59 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_(%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88)" title="الموسوعة (ديدرو) – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الموسوعة (ديدرو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediya_v%C9%99_ya_elml%C9%99rin,_inc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99tin,_s%C9%99n%C9%99tin_izahl%C4%B1_l%C3%BC%C4%9F%C9%99ti" title="Ensiklopediya və ya elmlərin, incəsənətin, sənətin izahlı lüğəti – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ensiklopediya və ya elmlərin, incəsənətin, sənətin izahlı lüğəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آنسیکلوپدی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنسیکلوپدی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%84%E0%BC%85%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D_%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="༄༅།། རིག་གནས་ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་ཁྱབ། – Tiếng Tây Tạng" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༄༅།། རིག་གནས་ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་ཁྱབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Tạng" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5,_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Енциклопедия, или тълковен речник на науките, изкуствата и занаятите – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енциклопедия, или тълковен речник на науките, изкуствата и занаятите" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedie_aneb_Racion%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_slovn%C3%ADk_v%C4%9Bd,_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_a_%C5%99emesel" title="Encyklopedie aneb Racionální slovník věd, umění a řemesel – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Encyklopedie aneb Racionální slovník věd, umění a řemesel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ents%C3%BCklopeedia_ehk_teaduste,_kunstide_ja_k%C3%A4sit%C3%B6%C3%B6de_seletav_s%C3%B5naraamat" title="Entsüklopeedia ehk teaduste, kunstide ja käsitööde seletav sõnaraamat – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Entsüklopeedia ehk teaduste, kunstide ja käsitööde seletav sõnaraamat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%AE_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια ή Λεξικό αλφαβητικά ταξινομημένο των τεχνών και των επαγγελμάτων – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια ή Λεξικό αλφαβητικά ταξινομημένο των τεχνών και των επαγγελμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آنسیکلوپدی – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنسیکلوپدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%84%9C" title="백과전서 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백과전서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="इनसाइक्लोपीदी – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इनसाइक्लोपीदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="האנציקלופדיה הגדולה – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האנציקלופדיה הגדולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklop%C4%93dija_(Den%C4%AB_Didro)" title="Enciklopēdija (Denī Didro) – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Enciklopēdija (Denī Didro)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C" title="انسائکلو پیڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسائکلو پیڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encicloped%C3%ACa_frans%C3%A8isa" title="Enciclopedìa fransèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Enciclopedìa fransèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Hạ Giéc-man" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hạ Giéc-man" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielka_encyklopedia_francuska" title="Wielka encyklopedia francuska – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielka encyklopedia francuska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA,_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Энциклопедия, или Толковый словарь наук, искусств и ремёсел – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энциклопедия, или Толковый словарь наук, искусств и ремёсел" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="L'Encyclopédie – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="L'Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Француска енциклопедија – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска енциклопедија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரெஞ்சு கலைக்களஞ்சியம் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெஞ்சு கலைக்களஞ்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="สารานุกรม หรือพจนานุกรมอันเป็นระบบว่าด้วยวิทยาศาสตร์ ศิลปกรรม และหัตถกรรม – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารานุกรม หรือพจนานุกรมอันเป็นระบบว่าด้วยวิทยาศาสตร์ ศิลปกรรม และหัตถกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F,_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8,_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Енциклопедія, або Тлумачний словник науки, мистецтва й ремесел – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енциклопедія, або Тлумачний словник науки, мистецтва й ремесел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C" title="انسائکلو پیڈی – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انسائکلو پیڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%81%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E6%90%AD%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="百科全书，或科学、艺术搭工艺详解词典 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="百科全书，或科学、艺术搭工艺详解词典" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%81%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="百科全书，或科学、艺术和工艺详解词典 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="百科全书，或科学、艺术和工艺详解词典" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q447#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Thảo luận về trang này (trang không tồn tại) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Encyclop%C3%A9die" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&oldid=71147917" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Encyclop%C3%A9die&id=71147917&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEncyclop%25C3%25A9die"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEncyclop%25C3%25A9die"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Encyclop%C3%A9die"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die,_ou_Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_m%C3%A9tiers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q447" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;background: #A7DBD8; font-style: italic">Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/200px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/300px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/400px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3133" data-file-height="5120" /></a></span><div style="padding:5px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trang_t%E1%BB%B1a_%C4%91%E1%BB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trang tựa đề (trang không tồn tại)">Trang tựa đề</a> của <i>Encyclopédie</i></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background: #A7DBD8; line-height: 1.5em;">Thông tin sách</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Tác giả</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9distes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopédistes (trang không tồn tại)">Nhiều người đóng góp</a>, biên tập bởi <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> và <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Quốc gia</th><td>Pháp</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ngôn ngữ</th><td>Tiếng Pháp</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Chủ đề</th><td>Tổng hợp</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Thể loại</th><td><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%A1ch_khoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Từ điển bách khoa">Từ điển bách khoa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0i_li%E1%BB%87u_tham_kh%E1%BA%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tài liệu tham khảo (trang không tồn tại)">tham khảo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BF_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Chế bản">Nhà xuất bản</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_le_Breton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André le Breton (trang không tồn tại)">André le Breton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel-Antoine_David&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel-Antoine David (trang không tồn tại)">Michel-Antoine David</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Durand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurent Durand (trang không tồn tại)">Laurent Durand</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine-Claude_Briasson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine-Claude Briasson (trang không tồn tại)">Antoine-Claude Briasson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ngày phát hành</th><td>1751–1766</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Tiếng Việt">Tiếng Việt</a>: Bách khoa Toàn thư, hoặc từ điển lý giải chi tiết về Khoa học, Nghệ thuật và Thủ công) được biết đến nhiều hơn với tên <b>Encyclopédie</b> (Bách khoa Toàn thư), là một cuốn bách khoa toàn thư được xuất bản ở Pháp từ 1751 đến 1772, với các bổ sung, phiên bản sửa đổi, và bản dịch sau này. Nó do nhiều người viết, được gọi là Encyclopédistes (Bách khoa Toàn thư phái). Cuốn sách này được <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> và cho đến năm 1759, có <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a> cùng biên tập. </p><p>Encyclopédie nổi tiếng nhất vì đại diện cho tư tưởng của Khai sáng. Theo Denis Diderot trong bài báo "Encyclopédie", mục đích của Encyclopédie là "thay đổi cách suy nghĩ của mọi người" và để mọi người có thể tự thông báo và biết mọi thứ.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ông và những người đóng góp khác ủng hộ việc thế tục hóa việc học tập từ Dòng Tên.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diderot muốn kết hợp tất cả kiến thức của thế giới vào Encyclopédie và hy vọng rằng cuốn sách này có thể phổ biến tất cả thông tin này đến công chúng và các thế hệ tương lai.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nó cũng là bách khoa toàn thư đầu tiên bao gồm các đóng góp từ nhiều người đóng góp có tên tuổi, và nó là bách khoa toàn thư đầu tiên mô tả nghệ thuật cơ khí. Trong ấn phẩm đầu tiên, mười bảy tập folio được kèm theo các bản khắc chi tiết. Các tập sau này đã được xuất bản mà không có bản khắc, để nhiều người ở châu Âu có thể tiếp cận nó dễ hơn.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A9die&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ian Buchanan, <i>A Dictionary of Critical Theory</i>, Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Denis Diderot as quoted in Hunt, p. 611</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_the_State_of_New_York" class="citation book cs1">University of the State of New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ABxEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266"><i>Annual Report of the Regents, Volume 106</i></a>. tr. 266.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Regents%2C+Volume+106&rft.pages=266&rft.au=University+of+the+State+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DABxEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA266%26lpg%3DPA266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AEncyclop%C3%A9die" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Denis Diderot as quoted in Kramnick, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Lyons, M. (2013). <i>Books: a living history</i>. London: Thames & Hudson.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70958518">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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