CINXE.COM

Сфера — Википеди

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="cv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Сфера — Википеди</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )cvwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","кӑрлач","нарӑс","пуш","ака","ҫу","ҫӗртме","утӑ","ҫурла","авӑн","юпа","чӳк","раштав"],"wgRequestId":"bfff5ed9-1f1b-4bd1-80b3-45c7d4a00855","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Сфера","wgTitle":"Сфера","wgCurRevisionId":724639,"wgRevisionId":724639,"wgArticleId":13616,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Çийсем","Сфера"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"cv","wgPageContentLanguage":"cv","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Сфера","wgRelevantArticleId":13616,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode": "cv","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"cv"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12507","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready" ,"skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=cv&amp;modules=ext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=cv&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=cv&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Sphere-wireframe.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Sphere-wireframe.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Сфера — Википеди"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//cv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Тӳрлет" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википеди (cv)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//cv.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Википеди - Atom хăю" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Сфера rootpage-Сфера skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Контент патне куҫ</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Тӗп меню" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тӗп меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Тӗп меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тӗп меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навигаци </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тӗп страницӑна куҫ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Тӗп страница</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8"><span>А-Я индекс</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B"><span>Ҫӗнӗ страницӑсем</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Юлашки улшӑнусен йышӗ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Улшăннисем</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Ӑнсӑртран суйланӑ страницӑпа паллаш [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ăнсăртран лекнĕ страница</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Хальхи пулӑмсем ҫинчен"><span>Хыпарсем</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Хутшăнасси" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Хутшăнасси" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Хутшăнасси </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Проект пирки, кунта мӗн тума май пулли ҫинчен, тата ӑҫта мӗн вырнаҫни пирки"><span>Портал</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%83"><span>Канашлу</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83" title="Ыйтса пӗлмелли вырӑн"><span>Пулăшу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википеди" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cv.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шырав [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Шырамалли</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википеди сайтра шыра" aria-label="Википеди сайтра шыра" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шырав [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Ятарлă:Поиск"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Шыра</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Курӑнакан калӑплав</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=cv.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=cv" class=""><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&amp;returnto=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр" class=""><span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&amp;returnto=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=cv.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&amp;returnto=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&amp;returnto=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Икĕ_виçеллĕ_сфера_(виçĕ_виçеллĕ_уçлăхри)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Икĕ_виçеллĕ_сфера_(виçĕ_виçеллĕ_уçлăхри)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Икĕ виçеллĕ сфера (виçĕ виçеллĕ уçлăхри)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Икĕ_виçеллĕ_сфера_(виçĕ_виçеллĕ_уçлăхри)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-n-_виçеллĕ_сфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#n-_виçеллĕ_сфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>n</i>- виçеллĕ сфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-n-_виçеллĕ_сфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Тупмалли" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Сфера</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 106 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfeer" title="Sfeer — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sfeer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%89%E1%88%8D" title="ሉል — амхар" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሉል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="كرة — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="كورة — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كورة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera — астури" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esfera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — азербайджан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="کوره (هندسه) — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوره (هندسه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — пушкӑрт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="пушкӑрт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — белорусси" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — пӑлхар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="пӑлхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गोला — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गोला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95" title="গোলক — бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গোলক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — босни" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босни" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esfera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%90%E1%8F%86%E1%8E%B8" title="ᎦᏐᏆᎸ — чероки" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏐᏆᎸ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86" title="گۆ — вăтаçĕр курд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="вăтаçĕр курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A9ra_(matematika)" title="Sféra (matematika) — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sféra (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sff%C3%AAr" title="Sffêr — валлий" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sffêr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugle" title="Kugle — датчан" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kugle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kugel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Σφαίρα — грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σφαίρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sphere" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfero" title="Sfero — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sfero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esfera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Sfäär — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sfäär" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esfera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="کره (هندسه) — фарси" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کره (هندسه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallo_(geometria)" title="Pallo (geometria) — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pallo (geometria)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuravura_(Geometry)" title="Vuravura (Geometry) — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vuravura (Geometry)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sph%C3%A8re" title="Sphère — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sphère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuugel" title="Kuugel — ҫурҫӗр фризӗ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kuugel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ҫурҫӗр фризӗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A9ar" title="Sféar — ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sféar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2" title="球面 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="球面" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A8r" title="Sfèr — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sfèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruinne" title="Cruinne — гэль" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cruinne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэль" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera — галис" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esfera" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галис" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%8B" title="ગોળો — гуджарат" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગોળો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарат" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ספירה (גאומטריה) — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספירה (גאומטריה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गोला — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गोला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esf%C3%A8" title="Esfè — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Esfè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6mb" title="Gömb — венгер" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gömb" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphera" title="Sphera — интерлинг" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sphera" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлинг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_(geometri)" title="Bola (geometri) — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bola (geometri)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfero" title="Sfero — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sfero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BAla" title="Kúla — исланди" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kúla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2" title="球面 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="球面" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfier" title="Sfier — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sfier" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="სფერო — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სფერო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasegla" title="Tasegla — кабиль" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasegla" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабиль" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — казах" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3" title="ಗೋಳ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೋಳ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC_(%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%98%ED%95%99)" title="구 (기하학) — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구 (기하학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaera" title="Sphaera — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sphaera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C4%93ra" title="Sfēra — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sfēra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Сферась — мокшан" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сферась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_(je%C3%B4metria)" title="Bola (jeômetria) — малагас" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bola (jeômetria)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагас" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82" title="ഗോളം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോളം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3" title="Бөмбөлөг — монгол" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бөмбөлөг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8" title="စက်လုံး — бирман" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စက်လုံး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfeer_(wiskunde)" title="Sfeer (wiskunde) — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sfeer (wiskunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kule" title="Kule — норвег нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kule" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвег нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kule" title="Kule — норвег букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kule" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвег букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esf%C3%A8ra" title="Esfèra — окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esfèra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqunqula" title="Duqunqula — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Duqunqula" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗੋਲ਼ਾ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੋਲ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esfera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunq%27u" title="Lunq&#039;u — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lunq&#039;u" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfer%C4%83" title="Sferă — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sferă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лабда (ґеометрия) — южнорусинский" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Лабда (ґеометрия)" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="южнорусинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — якут" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — сицил" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="ගෝලය — сингал" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගෝලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sphere" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C4%BEa_(matematika)" title="Guľa (matematika) — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Guľa (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — словен" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mburungwa" title="Mburungwa — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mburungwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubad" title="Kubad — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kubad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — албан" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buleudan" title="Buleudan — сундан" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Buleudan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A4r" title="Sfär — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sfär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufe" title="Tufe — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tufe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கோளம் — тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%82" title="గోళం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గోళం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="ทรงกลม — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทรงกลม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espera" title="Espera — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Espera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCre" title="Küre — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Küre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — тутар" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тутар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сфера — украина" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сфера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украина" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera — узбек" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sfera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B7t_c%E1%BA%A7u" title="Mặt cầu — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mặt cầu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espira" title="Espira — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Espira" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2" title="球面 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="球面" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2" title="球面 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="球面" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%83" title="球 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="球" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%BB-b%C4%ABn" title="Kiû-bīn — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiû-bīn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%AB%94" title="球體 — кантон" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="球體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12507#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">чӑвашла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Пурĕ пăхнă"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;oldid=724639" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;page=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;id=724639&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A1%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A1%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sphere" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12507" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><div style="padding-left:1em; padding-bottom:.5em; margin-top:-.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; font-style:italic; border-bottom:1px #AAA solid;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/20px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/40px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> Ку терминăн урăх пĕлтерĕшсем пур, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сфера (пĕлтерĕшсем) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сфера (пĕлтерĕшсем)</a> пăхăр.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Sphere-wireframe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sphere-wireframe.png/220px-Sphere-wireframe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Sphere-wireframe.png 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>сфера</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Сфера</b> — хупă <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Çий">çий</a>, уçлăхри пĕр-пĕр <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Пăнчă">пăнчăран</a> пĕр тан <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%88" title="Инçĕш">инçĕшĕнчи</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Пăнчăсен геометрилле вырăнĕ">пăнчăсен геометрилле вырăнĕ</a>. Сфера çаплах çурçавракăша хăйĕн диаметăрĕ тавра çавăрсан пулакан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%C4%95%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Çаврăну ĕскерĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">çаврăну ĕскерĕ</a> те. </p><p>Сфера <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Эллипсоид">эллипсоидăн</a> харпăр тĕслĕхĕ шутланать, унăн пĕтĕм виçĕ тĕнĕлĕ (çурма тĕнĕлĕсем, радиусĕсем те) пĕр тан. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Икĕ_виçеллĕ_сфера_(виçĕ_виçеллĕ_уçлăхри)"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BA.C4.95_.D0.B2.D0.B8.C3.A7.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BB.C4.95_.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0_.28.D0.B2.D0.B8.C3.A7.C4.95_.D0.B2.D0.B8.C3.A7.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BB.C4.95_.D1.83.C3.A7.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85.D1.80.D0.B8.29"></span>Икĕ виçеллĕ сфера (виçĕ виçеллĕ уçлăхри)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Икĕ виçеллĕ сфера (виçĕ виçеллĕ уçлăхри) пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Икĕ виçеллĕ сфера (виçĕ виçеллĕ уçлăхри)»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Сфера танлăхĕ коорлинатсен хăнăхнă тÿр кĕтеслĕ тытăмĕнче: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x-x_{0})^{2}+(y-y_{0})^{2}+(z-z_{0})^{2}=R^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x-x_{0})^{2}+(y-y_{0})^{2}+(z-z_{0})^{2}=R^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7894101ba9b16007fe0707f77c4cf841964558d4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:38.995ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x-x_{0})^{2}+(y-y_{0})^{2}+(z-z_{0})^{2}=R^{2}}"></span> </p><p>кунта <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x_{0},y_{0},z_{0})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x_{0},y_{0},z_{0})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39177ddeeb9f9a393b664e522bc8e3bf0face153" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.59ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x_{0},y_{0},z_{0})}"></span> — сфера варрин координачĕсем, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span> — сфера радиусĕ. </p><p>Центрĕ координатсен тытăмĕн пуçламăшĕнче вырнаçнă сферăн параметрла танлăхĕсем: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}x&amp;=&amp;R\sin \theta \cos \phi \\y&amp;=&amp;R\sin \theta \sin \phi \\z&amp;=&amp;R\cos \theta \end{matrix}}\right.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>x</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>y</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>z</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>R</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}x&amp;=&amp;R\sin \theta \cos \phi \\y&amp;=&amp;R\sin \theta \sin \phi \\z&amp;=&amp;R\cos \theta \end{matrix}}\right.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1aaab199080da3aeebdacff40b13681475a4ec29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; width:22.355ex; height:9.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}x&amp;=&amp;R\sin \theta \cos \phi \\y&amp;=&amp;R\sin \theta \sin \phi \\z&amp;=&amp;R\cos \theta \end{matrix}}\right.}"></span> , кунта <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}\theta \in [0,\pi ]\\\phi \in [0,2\pi )\\\end{matrix}}\right.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>&#x03B8;<!-- θ --></mi> <mo>&#x2208;<!-- ∈ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>&#x03D5;<!-- ϕ --></mi> <mo>&#x2208;<!-- ∈ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}\theta \in [0,\pi ]\\\phi \in [0,2\pi )\\\end{matrix}}\right.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a5c4daa88c490e079d599fe741a818ff3d604f62" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:12.963ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}\theta \in [0,\pi ]\\\phi \in [0,2\pi )\\\end{matrix}}\right.}"></span> </p><p>Сфера <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80" title="Чăмăр">чăмăрăн</a> çийĕ пулать. Сфера сийĕн лаптăкĕ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi R^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi R^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ebf047836476dc57dd8c3758e0fb2aeb950ef8d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.313ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi R^{2}}"></span>. </p><p>Сфера çинчи унпа пĕр центрлă çавракăша сферăн <b>мăн çавракăшĕ</b> теççĕ. Мăн çавракăшсем сферăн <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%80" title="Геодезилле йĕр">геодезилле йĕрĕсем</a> пулаççĕ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="n-_виçеллĕ_сфера"><span id="n-_.D0.B2.D0.B8.C3.A7.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BB.C4.95_.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span><i>n</i>- виçеллĕ сфера</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="n- виçеллĕ сфера пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «n- виçеллĕ сфера»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Пĕтĕмĕшлĕ илсен, <i>n</i> - виçеллĕ сферăн (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Евклид уçлăхĕ">Евклид уçлăхĕнче</a>) танлăхĕ çакăн евĕр курăнать: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-a_{i})^{2}=r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>&#x2211;<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-a_{i})^{2}=r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7b8860dde2bdd268c8d0d0e81bdb03728bcd6853" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:18.419ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-a_{i})^{2}=r^{2}}"></span>, кунта <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{1},...,a_{n})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{1},...,a_{n})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e11a9cfecc8fb9ab35868231df1538ace6119ab9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.711ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{1},...,a_{n})}"></span> — сферăн варри, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span> — радиус. </p><p>Икĕ <i>n</i> - виçеллĕ сферăсен касăлăвĕ — çак сферăсен <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95%D0%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Радикаллă тĕнĕл (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">гиперлаптакĕнче</a> вырнаçнă (<i>n-1</i>) - виçеллĕ сфера. </p><p><i>n</i> - виçеллĕ уçлăхра (<i>n+1</i>) чухлĕрен ытла мар мăшăрла касăлусем пулаççĕ. <i>n</i> - виçеллĕ уçлахра пĕр-пĕринпе (тĕрлĕ пăнчăсенче) (<i>n+1</i>)-ран ытла мар сфера сĕртĕнме пултараççĕ. </p><p><i>n</i> - виçеллĕ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Инверси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">инверси</a> (<i>n-1</i>) – виçеллĕ сфера <i>n-1</i> - виçеллĕ сферăнах е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Гиперлаптак (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">гиперлаптака</a> куçарать. </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dd7b9dc85‐hbj45 Cached time: 20250201154938 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.034 seconds Real time usage: 0.178 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 64/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 429/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 324/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1.759 1 Шаблон:Урăх_пĕлтерĕшсем 100.00% 1.759 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cvwiki:pcache:13616:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250201154938 and revision id 724639. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Сфера&amp;oldid=724639">https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Сфера&amp;oldid=724639</a>» ҫӑл куҫ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Ятарлă:Категории">Категорисем</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%C3%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Категори:Çийсем">Çийсем</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Категори:Сфера (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сфера</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ку страницăна юлашки хут 8 Чӳк уйӑхӗн 2021 21:35 улӑштарнӑ.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензипе</a> сарӑлать, хӑшпӗр чухне хушма условисем пулма пултараҫҫӗ. Тӗплӗнрех <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Условия_использования">Усӑ курмалли условисем</a> пӑх.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/ru">Конфиденциальность йĕркисем</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%C3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD">Википеди çинчен</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%AF%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8">Яваплӑха илменни</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Кодекс поведения</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Разработчиксем</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/cv.wikipedia.org">Статистика</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Кукес пирки пӗлтерни</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//cv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мобильлӗ верси</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Шырамалли</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википеди сайтра шыра"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Ятарлă:Поиск"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Шыра</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Сфера</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>106 чӗлхе</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Тема хуш</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-w82cr","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.034","walltime":"0.178","ppvisitednodes":{"value":64,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":429,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":324,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1.759 1 Шаблон:Урăх_пĕлтерĕшсем","100.00% 1.759 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-dd7b9dc85-hbj45","timestamp":"20250201154938","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0421\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430","url":"https:\/\/cv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12507","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12507","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-03-21T19:56:11Z","dateModified":"2021-11-08T21:35:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/38\/Sphere-wireframe.png"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10