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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the hat worn by judges. For other uses of the phrase, see <a href="/wiki/Black_Cap_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Black Cap (disambiguation)">Black Cap (disambiguation)</a>. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Black_hat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Black hat (disambiguation)">black hat</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seddon_being_sentenced_to_death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seddon_being_sentenced_to_death.jpg/400px-Seddon_being_sentenced_to_death.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seddon_being_sentenced_to_death.jpg/600px-Seddon_being_sentenced_to_death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seddon_being_sentenced_to_death.jpg/800px-Seddon_being_sentenced_to_death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Passing the sentence on <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seddon" title="Frederick Seddon">Frederick Seddon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bucknill" title="Thomas Bucknill">Mr Justice Bucknill</a>, wearing a black cap, passes a sentence of death on a convicted murderer (1912).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>black cap</b> is a plain black fabric square formerly worn as symbolic headgear by English, Welsh, Irish and Northern Irish <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a> in criminal cases when passing a <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">sentence of death</a>. When worn, the square was placed on top of the judicial <a href="/wiki/Wig" title="Wig">wig</a>, with one of the four corners of the fabric facing forward. The cap is based on <a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor</a> court styles.<sup id="cite_ref-judiciary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judiciary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, the cap was a normal part of judicial full dress, as worn by judges on all especially formal or solemn occasions, of which passing a death sentence was just one.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the death penalty has long been abolished in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the black cap is still part of a judge's official <a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">regalia</a>, and is carried into the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a> by each sitting judge when full ceremonial dress is called for.<sup id="cite_ref-judiciary_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judiciary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is worn every year on 9 November, when the new <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor of the City of London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a> is presented to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice" title="Royal Courts of Justice">Law Courts</a>. It also forms part of the regalia of a judge of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Northern Ireland">High Court of Northern Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The black cap was worn by judges in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> passing death sentences until the death penalty was abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(Emergency_Provisions)_Act_1973" title="Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973">Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The black cap was also used in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">Ireland</a>, whose legal system was modelled on the English courts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained in use in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there was only one such cap, kept by the <a href="/wiki/County_registrar" title="County registrar">county registrar</a> in Dublin's <a href="/wiki/Four_Courts" title="Four Courts">Four Courts</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_Gavan_Duffy" title="George Gavan Duffy">George Gavan Duffy</a> was the first judge to break the tradition, not wearing the black cap when pronouncing a death sentence in 1937. Thereafter, it was a matter of personal preference, with some judges wearing it and some not, as there was no formal rule or law requiring them to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last execution took place in 1954, although death sentences were sometimes passed and then <a href="/wiki/Commutation_(law)" title="Commutation (law)">commuted</a> to life imprisonment until the death penalty was finally abolished by the Criminal Justice Act 1990. </p><p>It has been claimed, with little conclusive proof, that the word "<a href="/wiki/Kibosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibosh">kibosh</a>" has its origin in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> <i>caip bháis</i> ("cap of death"), referring to the black cap. Such claims go back as far as in the era of the infamous <a href="/wiki/John_Toler,_1st_Earl_of_Norbury" title="John Toler, 1st Earl of Norbury">John Toler, 1st Earl of Norbury</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Common_Pleas_for_Ireland" title="Chief Justice of the Common Pleas for Ireland">Chief Justice</a>, 1800–1827).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_cap&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84022-310-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84022-310-3">1-84022-310-3</a>)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-judiciary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-judiciary_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-judiciary_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.judiciary.uk/about-the-judiciary/history-of-the-judiciary-in-england-and-wales/court-traditions/">"Traditions of the courts"</a>. Judiciary of England and Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+the+courts&rft.pub=Judiciary+of+England+and+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.judiciary.uk%2Fabout-the-judiciary%2Fhistory-of-the-judiciary-in-england-and-wales%2Fcourt-traditions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw2018" class="citation book cs1">Law, Jonathan (21 June 2018). Law, Jonathan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198802525.001.0001/acref-9780198802525-e-4634"><i>A Dictionary of Law</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198802525.001.0001%2Facref-9780198802525-e-4634">10.1093/acref/9780198802525.001.0001/acref-9780198802525-e-4634</a> – via www.oxfordreference.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Law&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198802525.001.0001%2Facref-9780198802525-e-4634&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198802525.001.0001%2Facref-9780198802525-e-4634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlymond" class="citation web cs1">Glymond, Joanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newry.ie/history/judicial-robes-belonging-to-the-right-honorable-turlough-o-donnell-q-c">"Judicial robes belonging to The Right Honorable Turlough O'Donnell Q.C."</a> <i>www.newry.ie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newry.ie&rft.atitle=Judicial+robes+belonging+to+The+Right+Honorable+Turlough+O%27Donnell+Q.C.&rft.aulast=Glymond&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newry.ie%2Fhistory%2Fjudicial-robes-belonging-to-the-right-honorable-turlough-o-donnell-q-c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2011" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, Hugh (14 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ABa_ElDm_GUC&dq=%22+black+cap%22+&pg=PT23"><i>Milestones in Murder: Defining Moments in Ulster's Terror War</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780573748" title="Special:BookSources/9781780573748"><bdi>9781780573748</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milestones+in+Murder%3A+Defining+Moments+in+Ulster%27s+Terror+War&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011-10-14&rft.isbn=9781780573748&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DABa_ElDm_GUC%26dq%3D%2522%2Bblack%2Bcap%2522%2B%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifehistoriesarchive.com/items/show/1202">"Life Histories Archive | 'I can remember the prisoner being found guilty and the judge putting on the black cap for the death sentence'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.lifehistoriesarchive.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lifehistoriesarchive.com&rft.atitle=Life+Histories+Archive+%26%23124%3B+%27I+can+remember+the+prisoner+being+found+guilty+and+the+judge+putting+on+the+black+cap+for+the+death+sentence%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifehistoriesarchive.com%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F1202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace" class="citation web cs1">Wallace, Colm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/women-and-the-death-penalty-in-ireland-1.2823696">"Women and the death penalty in Ireland"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Women+and+the+death+penalty+in+Ireland&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Colm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fwomen-and-the-death-penalty-in-ireland-1.2823696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-20248470.html">"When the State regularly made a killing"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>. 5 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=When+the+State+regularly+made+a+killing&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Flifestyle%2Farid-20248470.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell2017" class="citation book cs1">O'Donnell, Ian (9 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FcQ9DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22+black+cap%22%22gavan+duffy%22&pg=PA103"><i>Justice, Mercy, and Caprice: Clemency and the Death Penalty in Ireland</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-251943-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-251943-6"><bdi>978-0-19-251943-6</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justice%2C+Mercy%2C+and+Caprice%3A+Clemency+and+the+Death+Penalty+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.isbn=978-0-19-251943-6&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFcQ9DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522%2Bblack%2Bcap%2522%2522gavan%2Bduffy%2522%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohenGoransonLittle2017" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Gerald; Goranson, Stephen; Little, Matthew (10 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EHQ5DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22+black+cap%22%22ireland%22+kibosh&pg=PT128"><i>Origin of Kibosh: Routledge Studies in Etymology</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351809900" title="Special:BookSources/9781351809900"><bdi>9781351809900</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin+of+Kibosh%3A+Routledge+Studies+in+Etymology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft.isbn=9781351809900&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.au=Goranson%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Little%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEHQ5DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522%2Bblack%2Bcap%2522%2522ireland%2522%2Bkibosh%26pg%3DPT128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallen2013" class="citation book cs1">Kallen, Jeffrey L. (27 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xOvoBQAAQBAJ&dq=+kibosh&pg=PA131"><i>Irish English Volume 2: The Republic of Ireland</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781614511298" title="Special:BookSources/9781614511298"><bdi>9781614511298</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+English+Volume+2%3A+The+Republic+of+Ireland&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft.isbn=9781614511298&rft.aulast=Kallen&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxOvoBQAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2Bkibosh%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJack2011" class="citation book cs1">Jack, Albert (3 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CcsCBrxNXZQC&dq=%22+black+cap%22%22ireland%22+kibosh&pg=PT173"><i>It's a Wonderful Word: The Real Origins of Our Favourite Words</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781446456095" title="Special:BookSources/9781446456095"><bdi>9781446456095</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+a+Wonderful+Word%3A+The+Real+Origins+of+Our+Favourite+Words&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.isbn=9781446456095&rft.aulast=Jack&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCcsCBrxNXZQC%26dq%3D%2522%2Bblack%2Bcap%2522%2522ireland%2522%2Bkibosh%26pg%3DPT173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+cap" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_conical_hat" title="Asian conical hat">Asian conical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)" title="Beanie (seamed cap)">Beanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">Boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)" title="Bonnet (headgear)">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">Bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucket_hat" title="Bucket hat">Bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buntal_hat" title="Buntal hat">Buntal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette" title="Casquette">Casquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chupalla" title="Chupalla">Chupalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_cap" title="Chilote cap">Chilote cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_hat" title="Cowboy hat">Cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_cap" title="Cricket cap">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_bonnet" title="Easter bonnet">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">Fedora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trilby" title="Trilby">Trilby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fez_(hat)" title="Fez (hat)">Fez (hat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">Flat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coppola_cap" title="Coppola cap">Coppola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsboy_cap" title="Newsboy cap">Newsboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_cap" title="Gandhi cap">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">Homburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat" title="Anthony Eden hat">Anthony Eden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">Knit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofia_(hat)" title="Kofia (hat)">Kofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillbox_hat" title="Pillbox hat">Pillbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_pie_hat" title="Pork pie hat">Pork pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salakot" title="Salakot">Salakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salako" title="Salako">Salako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero" title="Sombrero">Sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap" title="Stormy Kromer cap">Stormy Kromer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_hat" title="Straw hat">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_hat" title="Sun hat">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">Top</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_hat" title="Opera hat">Opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricorne" title="Tricorne">Tricorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucker_hat" title="Trucker hat">Trucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushanka" title="Ushanka">Ushanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearskin" title="Bearskin">Bearskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boonie_hat" title="Boonie hat">Boonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)" title="Busby (military headdress)">Busby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_hat" title="Campaign hat">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_cap" title="Forage cap">Forage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitznefet_(Israeli_military)" title="Mitznefet (Israeli military)">Mitznefet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaked_cap" title="Peaked cap">Peaked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_cap" title="Sailor cap">Sailor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shako" title="Shako">Shako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_cap" title="Side cap">Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_cover" title="Utility cover">Utility cover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Wrapped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Do-rag" class="mw-redirect" title="Do-rag">Do-rag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengkolok" title="Tengkolok">Tengkolok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crowns</a> and<br />bands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_crown" title="Astral crown">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplet_(headgear)" title="Chaplet (headgear)">Chaplet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circlet" title="Circlet">Circlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_crown" title="Camp crown">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consort_crown" title="Consort crown">Consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corolla_(headgear)" title="Corolla (headgear)">Corolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_crown" title="Coronation crown">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">Coronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">Diadem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_crown" title="Eastern crown">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re" title="Ferronnière">Ferronnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)" title="Fillet (clothing)">Fillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoop_crown" title="Hoop crown">Hoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_crown" title="Imperial crown">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa" title="Makuṭa">Makuṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_crown" title="Naval crown">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Crown" title="Queen's Crown">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_crown" title="State crown">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreath_(attire)" title="Wreath (attire)">Wreath</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laurel_wreath" title="Laurel wreath">laurel</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Combat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_tusk_helmet" title="Boar's tusk helmet">Boar's tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_type_helmet" title="Illyrian type helmet">Ilyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_helmet" title="Corinthian helmet">Corinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_helmet" title="Chalcidian helmet">Chalcidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_helmet" title="Phrygian helmet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_helmet" title="Imperial helmet">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamellenhelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellenhelm">Lamellenhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_helm" title="Great helm">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbute" title="Barbute">Barbute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_helmet" title="Close helmet">Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morion_(helmet)" title="Morion (helmet)">Morion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallet" title="Sallet">Sallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster-tailed_pot_helmet" title="Lobster-tailed pot helmet">Lobster-tailed pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulah_khud" title="Kulah khud">Kulah khud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuto" title="Kabuto">Kabuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragoon_helmet" title="Dragoon helmet">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickelhaube" title="Pickelhaube">Pickelhaube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_helmet" title="Adrian helmet">Adrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodie_helmet" title="Brodie helmet">Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm" title="Stahlhelm">Stahlhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M33_helmet" title="M33 helmet">M33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet" title="Advanced Combat Helmet">Advanced Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(United_States)" title="Enhanced Combat Helmet (United States)">Enhanced Combat (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_helmet" title="Flight helmet">Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_7_helmet" title="Mk 7 helmet">Mk 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratrooper_helmet" title="Paratrooper helmet">Paratrooper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vocational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefighter%27s_helmet" title="Firefighter's helmet">Firefighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_hat" title="Hard hat">Hard hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding_helmet" title="Welding helmet">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet" title="Bicycle helmet">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_helmet" title="Football helmet">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_helmet" title="Motorcycle helmet">Motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_helmet" title="Racing helmet">Racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Other protective</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)" title="Balaclava (clothing)">Balaclava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earmuffs" title="Earmuffs">Earmuffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earplug" title="Earplug">Earplug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">Face shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facekini" title="Facekini">Facekini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headgear_(martial_arts)" title="Headgear (martial arts)">Padded headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_visor" title="Sports visor">Sports visor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hairwear and<br />other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clip" title="Hair clip">Hair clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpits" title="Bumpits">Bumpits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claw_clip" title="Claw clip">Claw clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deely_bobber" title="Deely bobber">Deely bobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dush-toh" title="Dush-toh">Dush-toh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_drop" title="Hair drop">Hair drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_tie" title="Hair tie">Hair tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairnet" title="Hairnet">Hairnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headpiece" title="Headpiece">Headpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peineta_(comb)" title="Peineta (comb)">Peineta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peinet%C3%B3n" title="Peinetón">Peinetón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrunchie" title="Scrunchie">Scrunchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shpitzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Shpitzel">Shpitzel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eyewear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Eyeglasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browline_glasses" title="Browline glasses">Browline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug-eye_glasses" title="Bug-eye glasses">Bug-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_eye_glasses" title="Cat eye glasses">Cat eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GI_glasses" title="GI glasses">GI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">Goggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses" title="Horn-rimmed glasses">Horn-rimmed glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pince-nez" title="Pince-nez">Pince-nez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lensless_glasses" title="Lensless glasses">Lensless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorgnette" title="Lorgnette">Lorgnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocle" title="Monocle">Monocle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimless_eyeglasses" title="Rimless eyeglasses">Rimless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses" title="Aviator sunglasses">Aviator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses#Sports" title="Sunglasses">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_goggles" title="Snow goggles">Iggaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrored_sunglasses" title="Mirrored sunglasses">Mirrored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_viewer" title="Solar viewer">Solar viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_shades" title="Shutter shades">Shutter shades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses#Teashades" title="Sunglasses">Teashades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer" title="Ray-Ban Wayfarer">Wayfarer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">Head-mounted display</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_headgear" title="List of headgear">List of headwear</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table 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