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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Vita Karoli Magni</i></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Vita_Karoli_Magni" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><i><b>Vita Karoli Magni</b></i> (<i>Life of Charlemagne</i>) is a biography of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor"> Emperor of the Romans</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ogg1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogg1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Life of Charlemagne</i> is a 33 chapter account starting with the full genealogy of the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian</a> family, going through the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian</a> dynasty, and then detailing the exploits and temperament of King Charles. It has long been seen as one of the key sources for the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and provides insight into the court of King Charles and the events that surrounded him. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einhard_vita-karoli_13th-cent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Einhard_vita-karoli_13th-cent.jpg/240px-Einhard_vita-karoli_13th-cent.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Einhard_vita-karoli_13th-cent.jpg/360px-Einhard_vita-karoli_13th-cent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Einhard_vita-karoli_13th-cent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="398"></a><figcaption>Thirteenth-century manuscript illustration of <i>Vita Karoli Magni</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Moulins_160609_34.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Moulins_160609_34.jpg/240px-Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Moulins_160609_34.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Moulins_160609_34.jpg/360px-Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Moulins_160609_34.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Moulins_160609_34.jpg/480px-Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Moulins_160609_34.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1309" data-file-height="1538"></a><figcaption>15th-century stained-glass depiction of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moulins_Cathedral" title="Moulins Cathedral">Moulins Cathedral</a> in central France</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Content_of_Vita_Karoli_Magni"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Content of Vita Karoli Magni</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Literary_context"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Literary context</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Date"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Date</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Author"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Author</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Einhard_and_Charlemagne"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Einhard and Charlemagne</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Reliability"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Reliability</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Translations"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Translations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Studies"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Studies</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Content_of_Vita_Karoli_Magni">Content of Vita Karoli Magni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Content of Vita Karoli Magni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The work begins with a preface that is mainly <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> explaining why he is writing the book, highlighting the idea that he feels it is his duty and that he had such love for Charles that he felt that it would be a tragedy if he was forgotten. The book then moves onto the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian</a> family and how the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian</a> came to power, briefly describing the kingship of <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pippin</a> and the years of joint rule between <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large section of the book is then dedicated to going through King Charles' many conquest and military campaigns. <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> goes to great efforts to frame all of the conquests as justified and even righteous; in most cases, however, he is vague on the details of how the wars went and simply summaries the reasons for why they started and what the outcome was.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> then describes at length both <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> physical appearance and his personality, making sure to highlight all the good qualities of Charles, especially his piety and moderation in all worldly pleasures. In this section of the book <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> also takes time to talk about some of Charles' many children and seemingly tries to explain the reason that <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> never let his daughters marry was because he simply loved them too much to be parted from them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However it is Einhard's very brief description of the rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Pippin_the_hunchback" class="mw-redirect" title="Pippin the hunchback">Pippin the Hunchback</a> that is of great importance as we know much more about Pippin than what <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> says and many historians have seen it as blatant historical revisionism by <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final part of the book deals mainly with <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> being crowned Roman Emperor on Christmas day of the year <a href="/wiki/800" title="800">800</a> and it also lays out his death and will as well as the ascension of his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>. The book claims that Charles had no idea that he was to be crowned emperor going so far as to state that: </p><p>"<i>He at first had such an aversion that he declared that he would not have set foot in the Church the day that they [the imperial titles] were conferred, although it was a great feast-day, if he could have foreseen the design of the Pope</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been a great debate among historians as to whether this view put forward by Einhard is correct, with most modern historians having reached the conclusion that Charlemagne must have definitely known about the Pope's plans long before it happened. The work ends with a copy of Charlemagne's will and a description of his burial bringing the book to a close on a rather somber note.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Literary_context">Literary context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Literary context" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Historians have traditionally described the work as the first example of a biography of a European king. The author tried to imitate the style of that of the ancient Roman biographer <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus</a>, who is most famous for his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Caesars" title="The Twelve Caesars">Lives of the Caesars</a></i>. Einhard's biography used especially the model of the biography of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Emperor Augustus</a>, the first emperor of the Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Date">Date</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Date" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The date of the work is uncertain, and a number of theories have been put forward. The inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>'s will at the end of the work makes it fairly clear that it was written after his death in 814. The first reference to the work, however, comes in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lupus_Servatus" title="Lupus Servatus">Lupus of Ferrieres</a>, which is dated to the mid-9th century. Dates have been suggested ranging from about 817 to 833, usually based on interpretations of the text in the political context of the first years of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> and Louis's attitude to his father.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No theory has yet emerged as an obvious frontrunner, and it is likely that debate will continue. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Author">Author</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Author" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einhard_1521.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Einhard_1521.jpg/220px-Einhard_1521.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1305"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 323px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Einhard_1521.jpg/220px-Einhard_1521.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="323" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Einhard_1521.jpg/330px-Einhard_1521.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Einhard_1521.jpg/440px-Einhard_1521.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Charlemagne and Charles V from <i>Vita et gesta Karoli Magni</i>, Cologne 1521</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a></div> <p>Einhard's book is about intimate glimpses of Charlemagne's personal habits and tastes. He occupied a favoured position at Charlemagne's court so he had inside information. Einhard received advanced schooling at the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a> sometime after 779. He was an exceptional student and was quite knowledgeable. The word was sent to Charlemagne of Einhard's expertise. He was then sent to Charlemagne’s Palace School at <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> in 791. Einhard then received employment at Charlemagne's Frankish court about 796. He remained at this position for twenty some years. Einhard's book was expressly intended to convey his appreciation for advanced education. He wrote his biography after he had left <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> and was living in <a href="/wiki/Seligenstadt" title="Seligenstadt">Seligenstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ogg1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogg1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars have debated whether Einhard used the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Augusta" title="Historia Augusta">Historia Augusta</a></i> in <i>Vita Karoli Magni</i>. Scholars Justin Stover and George Woudhuysen have challenged that, arguing that the claim is "weakly grounded."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Einhard_and_Charlemagne">Einhard and Charlemagne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Einhard and Charlemagne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Einhard's position while with Charlemagne was that of a modern minister of <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a> so he had intimate knowledge of his court. Einhard was also given the responsibility of many of Charlemagne's <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbeys</a>. It used to be suggested that Einhard's wife, Emma, was a daughter of Charlemagne; that can generally be disregarded as a twelfth-century fabrication, however, since there is no proof.<sup id="cite_ref-ogg1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogg1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Reliability">Reliability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reliability" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Most biographies of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> related only good deeds of their subject, with many embellishments to improve their subject. Einhard's biography, however, is considered, for the most part, to be a trustworthy account of Charlemagne's life. It is considered an excellent account of earlier Medieval life.<sup id="cite_ref-ogg1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogg1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Einhard's limitations, since it was his first attempt at a major writing, the British historian <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgkin_(historian)" title="Thomas Hodgkin (historian)">Thomas Hodgkin</a> said, "almost all our real, vivifying knowledge of Charles the Great is derived from Einhard, and that the <i>Vita Karoli Magni</i> is one of the most precious literary bequests of the early Middle Ages."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ogg1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ogg1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ogg1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ogg1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ogg1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ogg, p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Einhard"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Einhard">"Einhard" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Einhard&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=134&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/einhard.asp">"Internet History Sourcebooks"</a>. <i>sourcebooks.fordham.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sourcebooks.fordham.edu&rft.atitle=Internet+History+Sourcebooks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourcebooks.fordham.edu%2Fbasis%2Feinhard.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHAMMER2008" class="citation journal cs1">HAMMER, CARL I. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27832082">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Pipinus Rex": Pippin's Plot of 792 and Bavaria"</a>. <i>Traditio</i>. <b>63</b>: 235–276. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-1529">0362-1529</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27832082">27832082</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Traditio&rft.atitle=%22Pipinus+Rex%22%3A+Pippin%27s+Plot+of+792+and+Bavaria&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=235-276&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27832082%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0362-1529&rft.aulast=HAMMER&rft.aufirst=CARL+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27832082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Southern, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick2004" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EWj0ujGyGewC"><i>History and Memory in the Carolingian World</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53436-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53436-9"><bdi>978-0-521-53436-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Memory+in+the+Carolingian+World&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53436-9&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEWj0ujGyGewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoverWoudhuysen2023" class="citation journal cs1">Stover, Justin; Woudhuysen, George (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/10.1484/J.JML.5.133612">"Einhard and the Historia Augusta"</a>. <i>The Journal of Medieval Latin</i>. <b>33</b>: 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2FJ.JML.5.133612">10.1484/J.JML.5.133612</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0778-9750">0778-9750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Medieval+Latin&rft.atitle=Einhard+and+the+Historia+Augusta&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.JML.5.133612&rft.issn=0778-9750&rft.aulast=Stover&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.au=Woudhuysen%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brepolsonline.net%2Fdoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.JML.5.133612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodgkin, p. 222</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations">Translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Translations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Chiesa, P. <i>Vita Karoli</i>. Florence: SISMEL / Ed. del Galluzzo, 2014.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutton1998" class="citation book cs1">Dutton, P. (1998). <i>Charlemagne's Courtier: the Complete Einhard</i>. Peterborough: Broadview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-134-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-134-6"><bdi>978-1-55111-134-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlemagne%27s+Courtier%3A+the+Complete+Einhard&rft.place=Peterborough&rft.pub=Broadview+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-55111-134-6&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirchowEdwin_H._Zeydel1985" class="citation book cs1">Firchow, Evelyn S.; Edwin H. Zeydel (1985). <i>Vita Karoli Magni / The Life of Charlemagne</i>. Saarbrücken: AQ-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-922441-49-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-922441-49-6"><bdi>978-3-922441-49-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vita+Karoli+Magni+%2F+The+Life+of+Charlemagne&rft.place=Saarbr%C3%BCcken&rft.pub=AQ-Verlag&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-3-922441-49-6&rft.aulast=Firchow&rft.aufirst=Evelyn+S.&rft.au=Edwin+H.+Zeydel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanz2008" class="citation book cs1">Ganz, D. (2008). <i>Two lives of Charlemagne / Einhard and Notker the Stammerer</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-045505-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-045505-2"><bdi>978-0-14-045505-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+lives+of+Charlemagne+%2F+Einhard+and+Notker+the+Stammerer&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-14-045505-2&rft.aulast=Ganz&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1905" class="citation book cs1">Grant, A.J. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlylivesofchar00einh"><i>Early lives of Charlemagne / by Eginhard and the Monk of St Gall</i></a>. London: Moring.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+lives+of+Charlemagne+%2F+by+Eginhard+and+the+Monk+of+St+Gall&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Moring&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlylivesofchar00einh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe1969" class="citation book cs1">Thorpe, L. (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twolivesofcharle00thor"><i>Two lives of Charlemagne / by Einhard and Notker the Stammerer</i></a></span>. Harmondsworth: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044213-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044213-8"><bdi>0-14-044213-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+lives+of+Charlemagne+%2F+by+Einhard+and+Notker+the+Stammerer&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-14-044213-8&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwolivesofcharle00thor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies">Studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Studies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanz1997" class="citation book cs1">Ganz, D. (1997). "The Preface to Einhard's <i>Vita Karoli</i>". In H. Schefers (ed.). <i>Einhard: Studien zu leben und Werk</i>. Hessische Historische Kommission. pp. 299–310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88443-033-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88443-033-0"><bdi>978-3-88443-033-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Preface+to+Einhard%27s+Vita+Karoli&rft.btitle=Einhard%3A+Studien+zu+leben+und+Werk&rft.pages=299-310&rft.pub=Hessische+Historische+Kommission&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-3-88443-033-0&rft.aulast=Ganz&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgkin1897" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgkin_(historian)" title="Thomas Hodgkin (historian)">Hodgkin, T.</a> (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PivfxsqPousC"><i>Charles the Great</i></a>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-3026-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-3026-5"><bdi>978-1-4067-3026-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+the+Great&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1897&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-3026-5&rft.aulast=Hodgkin&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPivfxsqPousC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoldsworthT.P._Wiseman1986" class="citation book cs1">Holdsworth, C.J.; T.P. Wiseman (1986). <i>The Inheritance of historiography, 350–900</i>. Exeter: University of Exeter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85989-272-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85989-272-7"><bdi>0-85989-272-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inheritance+of+historiography%2C+350%E2%80%93900&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pub=University+of+Exeter&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-85989-272-7&rft.aulast=Holdsworth&rft.aufirst=C.J.&rft.au=T.P.+Wiseman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInnes1996–1997" class="citation journal cs1">Innes, M. (1996–1997). "The Classical Tradition and Carolingian Historiography: Encounters with Suetonius". <i>International Journal of the Classical Tradition</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 265–282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02686391">10.1007/BF02686391</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162261543">162261543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Classical+Tradition&rft.atitle=The+Classical+Tradition+and+Carolingian+Historiography%3A+Encounters+with+Suetonius&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-282&rft.date=1996%2F1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02686391&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162261543%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Innes&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempshall1995" class="citation journal cs1">Kempshall, M. (1995). "Some Ciceronian Models for Einhard' s Life of Charlemagne". <i>Viator</i>. <b>26</b>: 11–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2FJ.VIATOR.2.301133">10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.301133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Viator&rft.atitle=Some+Ciceronian+Models+for+Einhard%27+s+Life+of+Charlemagne&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=11-38&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.VIATOR.2.301133&rft.aulast=Kempshall&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Latowsky, Anne A. (2013). <i>Emperor of the World: Charlemagne and the Construction of Imperial Authority, 800-1229</i>. Ithaca, N.Y.–London: Cornell University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgg1907" class="citation book cs1">Ogg, F.A. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourcebookofmedi00oggfrich"><i>A Source Book of Medieval History</i></a>. New York: American Book Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Source+Book+of+Medieval+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Book+Company&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Ogg&rft.aufirst=F.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsourcebookofmedi00oggfrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2005" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, J. (2005). "Charlemagne the Man". In J. Story (ed.). <i>Charlemagne: Empire and Society</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7089-1"><bdi>978-0-7190-7089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charlemagne+the+Man&rft.btitle=Charlemagne%3A+Empire+and+Society&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-7089-1&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouthern1998" class="citation book cs1">Southern, Pat (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/augustus0000sout"><i>Augustus</i></a></span>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-16631-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-16631-4"><bdi>0-415-16631-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Augustus&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-415-16631-4&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faugustus0000sout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTischler2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Matthias_M._Tischler" title="Matthias M. Tischler">Tischler, M.</a> (2001). <i>Einharts Vita Karoli : Studien zur Entstehung, Überlieferung und Rezeption</i> (in German). Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7752-5448-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-7752-5448-X"><bdi>3-7752-5448-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Einharts+Vita+Karoli+%3A+Studien+zur+Entstehung%2C+%C3%9Cberlieferung+und+Rezeption&rft.place=Hannover&rft.pub=Hahnsche+Buchhandlung&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-7752-5448-X&rft.aulast=Tischler&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVita+Karoli+Magni" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 38px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="38" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Vita Karoli Magni"><i>Vita Karoli Magni</i></a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ein.html">Full Latin text</a> at the Latin Library</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg">Einhard. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/48870">Life of Charlemagne</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span>, translated by A.J. 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&oldid=1241398170">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&oldid=1241398170</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_Karoli_Magni&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Seltaeb Eht" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1724193780"> <span>Last edited on 20 August 2024, at 22:43</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%86%D1%91_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Жыццё Карла Вялікага – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жыццё Карла Вялікага" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_et_gesta_Caroli_Magni" title="Vita et gesta Caroli Magni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vita et gesta Caroli Magni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C" title="חיי קרל הגדול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיי קרל הגדול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კარლოს დიდის ცხოვრება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლოს დიდის ცხოვრება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Caroli_Magni" title="Vita Caroli Magni – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vita Caroli Magni" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBycie_Karola_Wielkiego" title="Życie Karola Wielkiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Życie Karola Wielkiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida_de_Carlos_Magno" title="Vida de Carlos Magno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vida de Carlos Magno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita-Karoli-Magni" title="Vita-Karoli-Magni – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Vita-Karoli-Magni" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Жизнь Карла Великого – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жизнь Карла Великого" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vita Karoli Magni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Живот Карла Великог – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Живот Карла Великог" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_den_stores_liv" title="Karl den stores liv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karl den stores liv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Життя Карла Великого – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Життя Карла Великого" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D%E4%BC%A0" title="查理大帝传 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查理大帝传" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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