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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Chess equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chess_equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chess equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chess_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Essential_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essential_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Essential equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essential_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialized_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Specialized equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialized_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_of_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_of_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rules of chess</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules_of_chess-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules of chess subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules_of_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_set_up" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_set_up"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Initial set up</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_set_up-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Moves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-How_each_piece_moves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_each_piece_moves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>How each piece moves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_each_piece_moves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>End of the game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition_rules_and_other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition_rules_and_other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Competition rules and other features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition_rules_and_other_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Minor variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gameplay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gameplay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gameplay</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gameplay-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gameplay subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gameplay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_situations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_situations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>General situations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_situations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pawn_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pawn_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pawn structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pawn_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Chess tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fundamental_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundamental_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Fundamental tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundamental_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offensive_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offensive_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Offensive tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offensive_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Checkmate_patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Checkmate_patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2.1</span> <span>Checkmate patterns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Checkmate_patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defensive_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defensive_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Defensive tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defensive_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possible_responses_to_an_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_responses_to_an_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3.1</span> <span>Possible responses to an attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_responses_to_an_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Chess strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools_of_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_of_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Schools of chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_of_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_phases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_phases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Game phases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_phases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_openings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_openings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>Chess openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-e4_Openings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#e4_Openings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.1</span> <span>e4 Openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-e4_Openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-King's_Knight_Openings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King's_Knight_Openings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.1.1</span> <span>King's Knight Openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King's_Knight_Openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sicilian_Defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sicilian_Defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.1.2</span> <span>Sicilian Defense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sicilian_Defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_e4_opening_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_e4_opening_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.1.3</span> <span>Other e4 opening variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_e4_opening_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-d4_Openings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#d4_Openings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.2</span> <span>d4 Openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-d4_Openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Queen's_Gambit_Openings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen's_Gambit_Openings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.2.1</span> <span>Queen's Gambit Openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen's_Gambit_Openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.2.2</span> <span>Indian Defense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_d4_opening_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_d4_opening_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.2.3</span> <span>Other d4 opening variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_d4_opening_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flank_openings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flank_openings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.3</span> <span>Flank openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flank_openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irregular_Openings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irregular_Openings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.4</span> <span>Irregular Openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irregular_Openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Openings_including_a_trap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Openings_including_a_trap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3.5</span> <span>Openings including a trap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Openings_including_a_trap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endgames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endgames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>Endgames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endgames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venues_(who_and_where_to_play)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues_(who_and_where_to_play)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Venues (who and where to play)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Venues_(who_and_where_to_play)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Venues (who and where to play) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Venues_(who_and_where_to_play)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Casual_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casual_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Casual play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casual_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chess_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Chess clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Online chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Correspondence_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Correspondence_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Correspondence chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Correspondence_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Competitive chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Computer chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History of chess</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_of_chess-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History of chess subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_of_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Famous_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Famous games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_chess,_by_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_chess,_by_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>History of chess, by period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_chess,_by_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Years_in_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Years_in_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Years in chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Years_in_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Chess players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Chess_Championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Chess_Championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>World Chess Championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Chess_Championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_of_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_of_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Science of chess</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science_of_chess-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Science of chess subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Science_of_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Psychology_and_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychology_and_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Psychology and chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychology_and_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Chess programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Chess theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_in_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_in_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Chess in culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_in_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Chess media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chess_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chess media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chess_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chess_essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Chess essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Chess video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Chess books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Periodicals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Chess websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_in_popular_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_in_popular_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Chess in popular media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_in_popular_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chess-themed_movies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess-themed_movies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.1</span> <span>Chess-themed movies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess-themed_movies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Chess organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_influential_chess_persons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_influential_chess_persons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Some influential chess persons</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Some_influential_chess_persons-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Some influential chess persons subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Some_influential_chess_persons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Some_influential_persons_who_played_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_influential_persons_who_played_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Some influential persons who played chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_influential_persons_who_played_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Chess variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chess_variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chess variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chess_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variants_with_a_different_starting_position" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_a_different_starting_position"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Variants with a different starting position</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_a_different_starting_position-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_with_different_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_different_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Variants with different forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_different_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_with_a_different_board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_a_different_board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Variants with a different board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_a_different_board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_with_unusual_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_unusual_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Variants with unusual rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_unusual_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_with_incomplete_information_and_elements_of_chance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_incomplete_information_and_elements_of_chance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Variants with incomplete information and elements of chance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_incomplete_information_and_elements_of_chance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multimove_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multimove_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Multimove variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multimove_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiplayer_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiplayer_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.7</span> <span>Multiplayer variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiplayer_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_with_unusual_pieces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_unusual_pieces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.8</span> <span>Variants with unusual pieces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_unusual_pieces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variants_with_bishop+knight_and_rook+knight_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_bishop+knight_and_rook+knight_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.8.1</span> <span>Variants with bishop+knight and rook+knight compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_bishop+knight_and_rook+knight_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games_inspired_by_chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games_inspired_by_chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.9</span> <span>Games inspired by chess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games_inspired_by_chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.10</span> <span>Historical variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xiangqi_and_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xiangqi_and_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.11</span> <span>Xiangqi and variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xiangqi_and_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shogi_and_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shogi_and_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.12</span> <span>Shogi and variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shogi_and_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_national_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_national_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.13</span> <span>Other national variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_national_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_combined_with_other_sports_and_pastimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_combined_with_other_sports_and_pastimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.14</span> <span>Chess combined with other sports and pastimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_combined_with_other_sports_and_pastimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_variants_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_variants_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.15</span> <span>Chess variants software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_variants_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fictional_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.16</span> <span>Fictional variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictional_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chess_board_opening_staunton.jpg/290px-Chess_board_opening_staunton.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chess_board_opening_staunton.jpg/435px-Chess_board_opening_staunton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chess_board_opening_staunton.jpg/580px-Chess_board_opening_staunton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2611" data-file-height="1699" /></a><figcaption>Starting position of a game of <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Outline_(list)" title="Outline (list)">outline</a> is provided as an overview of and topical guide to chess: </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></b> is a two-player board game played on a chessboard (a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid). In a chess game, each player begins with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in "check") and there is no way to remove or defend it from attack, or force the opposing player to forfeit. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_type_of_thing_is_chess?"><span id="What_type_of_thing_is_chess.3F"></span>What type of thing is chess?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: What type of thing is chess?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chess can be described as all of the following: </p> <ul><li>Form of <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> – form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. <ul><li>Form of <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreation</a> – activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.<sup id="cite_ref-yukic_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yukic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Form of <a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)" title="Play (activity)">play</a> – voluntary, intrinsically motivated activity normally associated with recreational pleasure and enjoyment.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game" title="Game">Game</a> – structured playing, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements. However, the distinction is not clear-cut, and many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports/games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such as Mahjong, solitaire, or some video games). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_game" title="Board game">Board game</a> – game in which counters or pieces are placed, removed, or moved on a pre-marked surface or "board" according to a set of rules. Games may be based on pure strategy, chance or a mixture of the two and usually have a goal which a player aims to achieve.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">Strategy game</a> – game (e.g. computer, video or board game) in which the players' uncoerced, and often autonomous decision-making skills have a high significance in determining the outcome. Almost all strategy games require internal <a href="/wiki/Decision_tree" title="Decision tree">decision tree</a> style thinking, and typically very high <a href="/wiki/Situation_awareness" title="Situation awareness">situation awareness</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-player_game" title="Two-player game">Two-player game</a> – game played by just two players, usually against each other.</li></ul></li> <li>Sport – form of play, but sport is also a category of entertainment in its own right <i>(see immediately below for description)</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a> – organized, competitive, entertaining, and skillful activity requiring commitment, strategy, and fair play, in which a winner can be defined by objective means. It is governed by a set of rules or customs. Chess is recognized as a sport by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_skill" title="Game of skill">Mind sport</a> – game where the outcome is determined mainly by mental skill, rather than by pure chance.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess_equipment">Chess equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chess equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essential_equipment">Essential equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Essential equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">Chessboard</a> – board with 64 squares (eight rows and eight columns) arranged in two alternating colors (light and dark). The colors are called "black" and "white", although the actual colors vary: usually they are dark green and buff for boards used in competition, and often natural shades of light and dark woods for home boards. Chess boards can be built into <a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">chess tables</a>, or dispensed with (along with pieces) if playing <a href="/wiki/Mental_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental chess">mental chess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">computer chess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet chess">Internet chess</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">correspondence chess</a>. <ul><li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#rank" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § rank" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Rank</span></a></dfn> – horizontal row of squares on the chessboard.</li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#file" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § file" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">File</span></a></dfn> – vertical (i.e. in the direction from one player to the other) column of squares on the chessboard.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ModernStaunton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ModernStaunton.jpg/220px-ModernStaunton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ModernStaunton.jpg/330px-ModernStaunton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ModernStaunton.jpg/440px-ModernStaunton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2983" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>A Staunton chess set</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> – all the pieces required to play a game of chess. Chess sets come in various materials and styles, and some are considered collectors' items and works of art. The most popular style for competitive play is the <a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Howard Staunton</a>, which are described below; some regions have alternate standard shapes for some pieces. The relative point values given are <i>approximate</i> and depend on the current game situation. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> – two armies of 16 chess pieces, one army designated "white", the other "black". Each player controls one of the armies for the entire game. The pieces in each army include: <ul><li>1 <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a> – most important piece, and one of the weakest (until the endgame). The object of the game is checkmate, by placing the enemy king in check in a way that it cannot escape capture in the next move. On the top of the piece is a cross.</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">queen</a> – most powerful piece in the game, with a relative value of 9 points. The top of the piece is crown-like. Official tournament chess sets have 2 queens of each color, to deal with pawns being promoted <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rooks</a> – look like castle towers and have a relative value of 5 points each.</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishops</a> – stylized after <a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">mitres</a> (bishops' hats), and have a relative value of 3 points each.</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knights</a> – usually look like horse heads and have a relative value of 3 points each.</li> <li>8 <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawns</a> – smallest pieces in the game, each topped by a ball. Pawns have a relative value of 1 point each.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialized_equipment">Specialized equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specialized equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Digitalna_sahovska_ura2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Digitalna_sahovska_ura2.jpg/150px-Digitalna_sahovska_ura2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Digitalna_sahovska_ura2.jpg/225px-Digitalna_sahovska_ura2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Digitalna_sahovska_ura2.jpg/300px-Digitalna_sahovska_ura2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Digital game clock</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Game clock">Game clock</a> – dual timer used to monitor each player's thinking time. Only the timer of the player who is to move is active. Used for speed chess, and to regulate time in tournament games.</li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheet" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § score sheet" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Score sheet</span></a></dfn> and writing implement – Tournament games require scores to be kept, and many players like to record other games for later analysis.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_of_chess">Rules of chess</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rules of chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern rules of chess (and breaking them) are discussed in separate articles, and briefly in the following subsections: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules of chess</a> – rules governing the play of the game of chess.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black in chess</a> – one set of pieces is designated "white" and the other is designated "black". White moves first. Some older sets had white and red, some modern sets have tan and brown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a> – methods that have been used to gain an unfair advantage by breaking the rules.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_set_up">Initial set up</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Initial set up"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Initial_setup" title="Rules of chess">Initial set up</a> – initial placement of the pieces on the chessboard before any moves are made.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moves">Moves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Moves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#capture" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § capture" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Capture</span></a></dfn> – move of a piece to a square occupied by an opposing piece, which is removed from the board and from play.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a> – situation in which the king would be subject to capture (but the king is never actually captured).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a> – a winning move which makes capture of the opposing king inevitable.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="How_each_piece_moves">How each piece moves</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: How each piece moves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)#Placement_and_movement" title="Pawn (chess)">Moving a pawn</a> – pawns move straight forward one space at a time, but capture diagonally (within a one-square range). On its first move, a pawn may move two squares forward instead (with no capturing allowed in a two-square move). Also, pawns are subject to the <a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">en passant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promotion</a> movement rules (see below). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a> – on the <i>very next move</i> after a player moves a <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawn</a> two squares forward from its starting position, an opposing pawn that is guarding the skipped square may capture the pawn (taking it "as it passes"), by moving to the passed square as if the pawn had stopped there.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this is not done on the very next move, the right to do so is lost.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a> – when a pawn reaches its eighth rank it is exchanged for the player's choice of a queen, rook, bishop or knight (usually a queen, since it is the most powerful piece).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)#Movement" title="Knight (chess)">Moving a knight</a> – knights move two squares horizontally and one square vertically from their original position, or two squares vertically and one square horizontally, jumping directly to the destination while ignoring any pieces in the intervening spaces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)#Placement_and_movement" title="Bishop (chess)">Moving a bishop</a> – bishops move any distance in a straight line in either direction along squares connected diagonally. One bishop in each army moves diagonally on white squares only, and the other bishop is restricted to moving along black squares.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)#Initial_placement_and_movement" title="Rook (chess)">Moving a rook</a> – rook may move any distance along a rank or a file (forward, backward, left, or right), and can also be used for <a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">castling</a> (see below). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a> – special move available to each player once in the game (with restrictions, see below) where the king is moved two squares to the left or right and the rook on that side is moved to the other side of the king. <ul><li>Requirements for castling – Castling is legal if the following conditions are all met: <ul><li>1. Neither the king nor the rook involved have previously moved.</li> <li>2. There are no pieces in between the king and chosen rook.</li> <li>3. The king is not currently in check. (For clarification, the involved rook may be currently under attack. Additionally, the king may have previously been in check, as long as the king did not move to resolve it.)</li> <li>4. The king does not pass through a square that is under attack by an enemy piece. (For clarification, the rook may pass through a square that is under attack by an enemy piece; the only such square is the one adjacent to the rook when castling queenside, b1 for White and b8 for Black.)</li> <li>5. The king does not end in a square that is under attack by an enemy piece.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)#Movement" title="Queen (chess)">Moving the queen</a> – queen can move like a rook or like a bishop (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally), but no castling.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)#Movement" title="King (chess)">Moving the king</a> – king may move one square in any direction, but may not move into check. It may also make a special move called "castling" (see above).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_game">End of the game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: End of the game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Resigning" title="Rules of chess">Resigning</a> – a player may end the game by resigning, which cedes victory to the opponent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a> – object of the game – a king is in check and has no move to get out of check, losing the game.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> – neither side wins or loses. In competition this usually counts as a half-win for each player. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">Draw by agreement</a> – players may agree that the game is a draw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a> – if the player whose turn it is to move has no legal move and is not in <a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">check</a>, the game is a draw by stalemate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a> – if within the last fifty moves by both sides, no pawn has moved and there have been no captures, a player may claim a draw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a> – if the same position has occurred three times with the same player to move, a player may claim a draw. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a> – situation in which one king cannot escape an endless series of checks but cannot be checkmated. This was formerly a rule of chess to result in a draw, and still used informally, but superseded by the threefold repetition rule and fifty-move rule, which make it implicit.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competition_rules_and_other_features">Competition rules and other features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Competition rules and other features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjournment_(games)" title="Adjournment (games)">Adjournment</a> – play stops, and the game is resumed later. This has become rare since the advent of computer analysis of chess games.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> – system of recording chess moves. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_chess_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Algebraic chess notation">Algebraic chess notation</a> – most common method of recording moves.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_chess_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Descriptive chess notation">Descriptive chess notation</a> – obsolete method of recording moves, it was widely used, especially in English- and Spanish-speaking countries, and is still sometimes seen.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">Draw by agreement</a> – the two players agree to call the game a draw, as neither is likely to win.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> – each player must complete either a specified number of moves or all of his moves before a certain time elapses on his <a href="/wiki/Game_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Game clock">game clock</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a> – if a player touches his own piece, he must move it if it has a legal move. If he touches an opponent's piece, he must capture it if he can legally.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_variants">Minor variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Minor variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blindfold_chess" title="Blindfold chess">Blindfold chess</a> – one or both players play without seeing the board and pieces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_handicap" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess handicap">Chess handicap</a> – one of the players gives a handicap to the other player, usually starting the game without a certain piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a> – chess played with a time control limiting each player to a specified time of 60 minutes or less (can be as low as 1 minute).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gameplay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a> – very bad move.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_move" title="Candidate move">Candidate move</a> – move that upon initial observation of the position, warrants further analysis. Spotting these moves is the key to higher-level play.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a> – having positional advantages in spite of <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#material" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § material" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">material</span></a></dfn> disadvantages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_handicap" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess handicap">Chess handicap</a> – way to enable a weaker player to have a chance of winning against a stronger one. There are a variety of such handicaps, such as material odds (the stronger player surrenders a certain piece or pieces), extra moves (the weaker player has an agreed number of extra moves at the beginning of the game), extra time on the chess clock, and special conditions (such as requiring the odds-giver to deliver checkmate with a specified piece or pawn). Various permutations of these, such as "pawn and two moves", are also possible.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Chess piece relative value</a> – relative value of chess pieces, based on their relative power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a> – used in fast online games, it refers to a player making his next move while his opponent is thinking about his move. After the opponent's move, the premove will be made, if legal, taking only 0.1 seconds on the game clock.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyome" title="Priyome">Priyome</a> – typical maneuver or technique in chess.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ply_(game_theory)" title="Ply (game theory)">Ply</a> – half-turn, that is, one player's portion of a turn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a> – a "unit" similar to time, equal to one chess move, e.g. to lose a tempo is to waste a move or give the opponent the opportunity of an extra move. Sometimes a player may want to lose a tempo.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_situations">General situations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: General situations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/En_prise" class="mw-redirect" title="En prise">En prise</a> – when an unguarded piece is in position to be captured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> – situational advantage in which a player can make threats that cannot be ignored, forcing the opponent to use his turns to respond to threats rather than make his own.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a> – sequence of moves resulting in a position which may also be reached by another common sequence of moves. Transpositions are particularly common in <a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">openings</a>, where a given position may be reached by different sequences of moves. Players sometimes use transpositions deliberately in order to avoid variations they dislike, lure opponents into unfamiliar or uncomfortable territory or simply to worry opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutDotComIntroTo1d4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutDotComIntroTo1d4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SoltisTranspoTricks_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoltisTranspoTricks-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_trouble" title="Time trouble">Time trouble</a> – having little thinking time left in a timed game, thereby increasing the likelihood of making weak or losing moves or overlooking strong or winning moves.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a> – situation in which a player would prefer to pass and make no move, because he has no move that does not worsen his position.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pawn_structure">Pawn structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pawn structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> – describes features of the positions of the pawns. Pawn structure may be used for tactical or strategic effect, or both. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">Backward pawn</a> – pawn that is not supported by other pawns and cannot advance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">Connected pawns</a> – pawns of the same color on adjacent files so that they can protect each other.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">Doubled pawns</a> – two pawns of the same color on the same file, so that one blocks the other.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a> – file that has pawns of one color only.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated pawn</a> – pawn with no pawns of the same color on adjacent files.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a> – formation with white pawns on c4 and e4, after the exchange of White's d-pawn for Black's c-pawn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> – file void of pawns.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">Passed pawn</a> – pawn that can advance to its eighth rank without being blocked by an opposing pawn and without the possibility of being captured by a pawn on an adjacent file.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_tactics">Chess tactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Chess tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess tactics">Chess tactics</a> – a chess tactic is a move or sequence of moves which may result in tangible gain or limits the opponent's options. Tactics are usually contrasted with strategy, in which advantages take longer to be realized, and the opponent is less constrained in responding. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-computer_tactics_(gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-computer tactics (gaming)">Anti-computer tactics</a> – tactics used by humans in games against computers that the program cannot handle very well</li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#capture" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § capture" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Capture</span></a></dfn> – to remove an opposing piece from the board by taking it with one of your own. Except in the case of an en passant capture, the capturing man replaces the captured man on its square. Also, a move that captures. Captures can be executed offensively or defensively.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a> – series of moves, often with an exchange or sacrifice, to achieve some advantage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> – capturing a piece in return for allowing another piece to be captured. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">The exchange</a> – exchange of a bishop or knight for a rook. The rook is generally the stronger piece unless a player obtains other advantages for allowing the exchange.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_square" title="Flight square">Flight square</a> – square that the king can retreat to, if attacked.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fundamental_tactics">Fundamental tactics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fundamental tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fundamental tactics include:<sup id="cite_ref-Brace_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brace-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> – two or more pieces that can move and attack along a shared path, situated on the same rank, file, or diagonal; e.g., the queen and a bishop, or the queen and a rook, or both rooks, or the queen and both rooks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a> (blocking an attack) – interposing a piece between another piece and its attacker. When the piece being attacked is the king, this is blocking a check.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a> – tactic that forces an opposing piece to leave the square, rank or file it occupies, thus exposing the king or a valuable piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a> – moving a piece uncovers an attack by another piece along a straight line</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a> – attack on two or more pieces by one piece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a> – blocking the line along which an enemy piece is defended, leaving it vulnerable to capture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a> – giving a defensive piece an additional defensive assignment which it cannot complete without abandoning its original defensive assignment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a> – piece is under attack and either cannot legally move because it would put its king in check or should not move because it will allow an attack on a more valuable piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a> – if a piece under attack moves it will allow an attack on another piece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a> – capturing a defensive piece, leaving one of the opponent's pieces undefended or underdefended. Also known as "removal of the guard".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a> – (1) synonym for skewer. The term is also sometimes used to refer to a tactic where a piece either (2) indirectly attacks an enemy piece through another piece or pieces or (3) defends a friendly piece through an enemy piece.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Offensive_tactics">Offensive tactics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Offensive tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> – two or more pieces that can move and attack along a shared path, situated on the same rank, file, or diagonal; e.g., the queen and a bishop, or the queen and a rook, or both rooks, or the queen and both rooks. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a> – formation named after the former World Chess Champion, Alexander Alekhine, which consists of placing the two rooks stacked one behind another and the queen at the rear.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-check_(chess)" title="Cross-check (chess)">Cross-check</a> – tactic in which a check is played in response to a check, especially when the original check is blocked by a piece that itself either delivers check or reveals a discovered check from another piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a> – ensnaring a piece, usually the king or queen, by forcing it to move to a poisoned square with a sacrifice on that square.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a> – forces an opposing piece to leave the square, rank or file it occupies, thus exposing the king or a valuable piece.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a> – attack revealed when one piece moves out of the way of another.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Discovered check – discovered attack that is also a check</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domination_(chess)" title="Domination (chess)">Domination</a> – occurs when a piece has a relatively wide choice of destination squares, but nevertheless cannot avoid being captured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_attack_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Double attack (chess)">Double attack</a> – attack on two pieces at once, such as in a fork, or via a discovered attack where the piece that was blocked attacks one piece while the piece moving out of the way threatens another. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a> – check delivered by two pieces at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-HooperWhyldp.113_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HooperWhyldp.113-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Golombekp.88_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golombekp.88-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chess notation, it is sometimes symbolized by "++".</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a> – when a piece attacks two or more enemy pieces at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-vids2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vids2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a> – interrupting the line between an attacked piece and its defender by sacrificially interposing a piece. Opportunities for interference are rare because the defended object must be more valuable than the sacrificed piece, and the interposition must itself represent a threat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a> – several successive movements of the king, usually in the endgame to get it from a safe square (where it was hiding during the middlegame) to a more active position. Not to be confused with "king hunt", where a player forces his opponent's king out of safety and chases it across the board with a series of checks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a> – square where a piece can attack the opponent's position without being attacked by enemy pawns. Knights are good pieces to occupy outposts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a> – giving a defensive piece an additional defensive assignment which it cannot complete without abandoning its original defensive assignment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a> – moving a pawn to the back row to be promoted to a knight, a bishop, a rook, or a queen. While this is a rule, it is also a type of move, with tactical significance. Pawn promotion, or the threat of it, often decides the result of a chess endgame. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underpromotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Underpromotion">Underpromotion</a> – promotion to a knight, bishop, or rook is known as an "underpromotion". Although these pieces are less powerful than the queen, there are some situations where it is advantageous to underpromote.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, since the knight moves in a way which the queen cannot, knight underpromotions can be very useful, and are the most common type of underpromotion. Promoting to a rook or bishop is advantageous in cases where promoting to a queen would result in an immediate stalemate.</li> <li>In FIDE tournament play, spare queens are provided, one of each colour. In a tournament match between Emil Szalanczy and Thi Mai Hung Nguyen in Budapest, 2009, six queens were on the board at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a> – several pawns are moved in rapid succession toward the opponent's defenses.<sup id="cite_ref-Pandolfini_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandolfini-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a> – piece is under attack and either cannot legally move because it would put its king in check or should not move because it will allow an attack on a more valuable piece. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_pin" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute pin">Absolute pin</a> – pin against the king is called <i>absolute</i> since the pinned piece cannot legally move (as moving it would expose the king to check).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_pin" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative pin">Relative pin</a> – where the piece shielded by the pinned piece is a piece other than the king, but typically more valuable than the pinned piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial_pin" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial pin">Partial pin</a> – when a rook or queen is pinned along a file or rank, or a bishop or queen is pinned along a diagonal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situational_pin" class="mw-redirect" title="Situational pin">Situational pin</a> – when a pinned piece is shielding a square and moving out of the way will allow the enemy to move there, resulting in a detrimental situation for the player of the pinned piece, such as checkmate.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> – move which deliberately allows the loss of material, either because the player can win the material back or deliver checkmate if it is taken (sham sacrifice or pseudosacrifice), or because the player judges he will have positional <a href="#compensation">compensation</a> (true or positional sacrifice). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_gift_sacrifice" title="Greek gift sacrifice">Greek gift sacrifice</a> – typical sacrifice of a bishop by White playing Bxh7+ or Black playing Bxh2+.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a> – sacrifice of the queen, invariably tactical in nature.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plachutta" title="Plachutta">Plachutta</a> – a piece sacrifices itself on a square where it could be captured by two different pieces in order to deflect them both from crucial squares.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a> – attack upon two pieces in a line and is similar to a pin. In fact, a skewer is sometimes described as a "reverse pin"; the difference is that in a skewer, the more valuable piece is in front of the piece of lesser or equal value. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_skewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute skewer">Absolute skewer</a> – when the King is skewered, forcing him to move out of check, exposing the piece behind him in the line of attack.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_skewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative skewer">Relative skewer</a> – the skewered piece can be moved, but doesn't have to be (because it is not the King in check).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deception" title="Deception">ruse</a> by which a player in a losing position tricks his opponent, and thereby achieves a win or <a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">draw</a> instead of the expected loss.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also refer more generally to obtaining a win or draw from a clearly losing position.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">The exchange</a> – see <a href="#Chess_tactics">§ Chess tactics</a> above</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">Triangulation</a> – technique of making three moves to wind up in the same position while the opponent has to make two moves to wind up in the same position. The reason is to lose a tempo and put the opponent in zugzwang.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a> – capturing a defensive piece, leaving one of the opponent's pieces undefended or underdefended. Also known as "removal of the guard".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a> – repeated series of discovered checks which the opponent cannot avoid, winning large amounts of material.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray attack</a> – indirect attack of a piece through another piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a> ("Intermediate move") – To make an intermediate move before the expected move to gain an advantage.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Checkmate_patterns">Checkmate patterns</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Checkmate patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate pattern</a> – a particular checkmate. Some checkmate patterns occur sufficiently frequently, or are otherwise of such interest to scholars, that they have acquired specific names in chess commentary. Here are some of the most notorious: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-rank_checkmate" title="Back-rank checkmate">Back-rank checkmate</a> – checkmate accomplished by a rook or queen on the opponent's first rank, because the king is blocked in by its own pieces (almost always pawns) on its second rank.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a> – fundamental checkmate with a minimum amount of material. It is notoriously difficult to achieve.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boden%27s_Mate" title="Boden's Mate">Boden's Mate</a> – checkmate pattern characterized by a king being mated by two bishops on criss-crossing diagonals, with possible flight squares blocked by friendly pieces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a> – shortest possible checkmate, on Black's second move. It is rare in practice.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a> – checkmate in as few as four moves by a player accomplished by a queen supported by a bishop (usually) in an attack on the f7 or f2 square. It is fairly common at the novice level.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smothered_mate" title="Smothered mate">Smothered mate</a> – checkmate accomplished by only a knight because the king's own pieces occupy squares to which it would be able to escape.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defensive_tactics">Defensive tactics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Defensive tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_castling" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial castling">Artificial castling</a> (also known as "castling by hand") – taking several moves to get the king to the position it would be in if castling could have been done.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a> (blocking an attack) – interposing a piece between another piece and its attacker. When the piece being attacked is the king, this is blocking a check.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockade (chess)">Blockade</a> – to block a passed pawn with a piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a> – piece that seems determined to give itself up, typically either (1) to sell itself as dearly as possible in a situation where both sides have hanging pieces or (2) to bring about stalemate if it is captured (or in some instances, to force a draw by threefold repetition if it is not captured).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luft" title="Luft">Luft</a> – German for "air", meaning squares available for the king to escape an attack, typically through a fortress.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray defense</a> – indirect defense of a piece through another piece.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Possible_responses_to_an_attack">Possible responses to an attack</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Possible responses to an attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Capture the attacking piece</li> <li>Move the attacked piece</li> <li>Block – interpose another piece in between the two</li> <li>Guard the attacked piece and permit an <a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">exchange</a></li> <li><a href="#Pin">Pin</a> the attacking piece so the capture becomes illegal or unprofitable</li> <li>Use a <i><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">zwischenzug</a></i></li> <li>Create a counter-threat</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_strategy">Chess strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Chess strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Chess strategy</a> – aspect of chess playing concerned with evaluation of chess positions and setting of goals and long-term plans for future play. While evaluating a position strategically, a player must take into account such factors as the relative value of the pieces on the board, pawn structure, king safety, position of pieces, and control of key squares and groups of squares (e.g. diagonals, open files, individual squares). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corresponding_squares" title="Corresponding squares">Corresponding squares</a> – usually used as a tool in king and pawn endgames, a pair of corresponding squares are such that if one king is on one of them, the opposing king needs to be on the other.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a> – moving the pawn in front of the knight and placing the bishop on that square.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_brain" title="Permanent brain">Permanent brain</a> – thinking when it is the opponent's turn to move.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a> – move that prevents some tactical moves by the opponent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">First-move advantage in chess</a> – theory that White's having the first move gives him an advantage.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schools_of_chess">Schools of chess</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Schools of chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a> – group of players that share common ideas about the strategy of the game. There have been several schools in the history of modern chess. Today there is less dependence on schools – players draw on many sources and play according to their personal style. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modenese_Masters" title="Modenese Masters">Modenese Masters</a> – school of chess thought based on teachings of 18th century Italian masters, it emphasized an attack on the opposing king.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a> – school of thought based on ideas of some early 20th century masters. Rather than occupying the center of the board with pawns in the opening, control the center by attacking it with knights and bishops from the side.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Game_phases">Game phases</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Game phases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Chess opening</a> – first phase of the game, where pieces are developed before the main battle begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Chess middlegame</a> – second phase of the game, usually where the main battle is. Many games end in the middlegame.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Chess endgame</a> – third and final phase of the game, where there are only a few pieces left.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chess_openings">Chess openings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Chess openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Chess opening</a> – group of initial moves of a chess game. Recognized sequences of opening moves are referred to as openings as finished by White, or defenses as finished by Black, but opening is also used as the general term. </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a> – also known as the Two-Move Checkmate, it is the quickest possible checkmate in chess. A prime example consists of the moves: 1.f3 e5 2.g4 Qh4#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a> – checkmate achieved by the moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6? 4.Qxf7#. The moves might be played in a different order or in slight variation, but the basic idea is the same: the queen and bishop combine in a simple mating attack on f7 (or f2 if Black is performing the mate).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smothered_mate" title="Smothered mate">Smothered mate</a> – checkmate delivered by a knight in which the mated king is unable to move because he is surrounded (or smothered) by his own pieces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_rank_checkmate" class="mw-redirect" title="Back rank checkmate">Back rank checkmate</a> – checkmate delivered by a rook or queen along a back rank (that is, the row on which the pieces (not pawns) stand at the start of the game) in which the mated king is unable to move up the board because the king is blocked by friendly pieces (usually pawns) on the second rank (Burgess 2009:16).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boden%27s_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Boden's mate">Boden's mate</a> – checkmating pattern in chess characterized by bishops on two criss-crossing diagonals (for example, bishops on a6 and f4 delivering mate to a king on c8), with possible flight squares for the king being occupied by friendly pieces. Most often the checkmated king has castled queenside, and is mated on c8 or c1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaulette_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Epaulette mate">Epaulette mate</a> – checkmate where two parallel retreat squares for a checked king are occupied by his own pieces, preventing his escape. The most common Epaulette mate involves the king on his back rank, trapped between two rooks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gal%27s_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Légal's mate">Légal's mate</a> – chess opening trap, characterized by a queen sacrifice followed by checkmate with minor pieces if Black accepts the sacrifice. The trap is named after the French player Sire de Légal (1702–1792).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Informant" title="Chess Informant">Chess Informant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">Chess opening theory table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings" title="Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings">Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a> – sacrifice of material (usually a pawn) to gain a positional advantage (usually faster development of pieces)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of chess openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings_named_after_people" title="List of chess openings named after people">List of chess openings named after people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings_named_after_places" title="List of chess openings named after places">List of chess openings named after places</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="e4_Openings">e4 Openings</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: e4 Openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a> – Games that start with White moving 1.e4. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> – Games that start with 1.e4 followed by 1...e5 by Black.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Open_Game" title="Semi-Open Game">Semi-Open Game</a> – Games that start with 1.e4 followed by a move other than 1...e5 by Black.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="King's_Knight_Openings"><span id="King.27s_Knight_Openings"></span>King's Knight Openings</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: King's Knight Openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <p><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Knight_Opening" title="King's Knight Opening">King's Knight Opening</a> – </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damiano_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Damiano Defense">Damiano Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Gambit" title="Elephant Gambit">Elephant Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Gambit" title="Evans Gambit">Evans Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco Defense">Greco Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunderam_Defense" title="Gunderam Defense">Gunderam Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_Gambit" title="Halloween Gambit">Halloween Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defense" title="Hungarian Defense">Hungarian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_Hungarian_Opening" title="Inverted Hungarian Opening">Inverted Hungarian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Gambit" title="Irish Gambit">Irish Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Gambit" title="Italian Gambit">Italian Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game,_Blackburne_Shilling_Gambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Game, Blackburne Shilling Gambit">Italian Game, Blackburne Shilling Gambit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Gambit" title="Jerome Gambit">Jerome Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinopolsky_Opening" title="Konstantinopolsky Opening">Konstantinopolsky Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Gambit" title="Latvian Gambit">Latvian Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrov's Defense">Petrov's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Philidor Defense">Philidor Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousseau_Gambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau Gambit">Rousseau Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez,_Exchange_Variation" title="Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation">Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Knights_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Knights Opening">Three Knights Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense,_Fried_Liver_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Knights Defense, Fried Liver Attack">Two Knights Defense, Fried Liver Attack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Sicilian_Defense">Sicilian Defense</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sicilian Defense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian Defense">Sicilian Defense</a> – </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chekhover_Sicilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chekhover Sicilian">Chekhover Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defense,_Accelerated_Dragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian Defense, Accelerated Dragon">Sicilian Defense, Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defense,_Alapin_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian Defense, Alapin Variation">Sicilian Defense, Alapin Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defense,_Dragon_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian Defense, Dragon Variation">Sicilian Defense, Dragon Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defense,_Najdorf_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian Defense, Najdorf Variation">Sicilian Defense, Najdorf Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defense,_Scheveningen_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian Defense, Scheveningen Variation">Sicilian Defense, Scheveningen Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian,_Dragon,_Yugoslav_attack,_9.Bc4" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian, Dragon, Yugoslav attack, 9.Bc4">Sicilian, Dragon, Yugoslav attack, 9.Bc4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Morra_Gambit" title="Smith–Morra Gambit">Smith–Morra Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Gambit" title="Wing Gambit">Wing Gambit</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Other_e4_opening_variations">Other e4 opening variations</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Other e4 opening variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alapin%27s_Opening" title="Alapin's Opening">Alapin's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Alekhine's Defense">Alekhine's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balogh_Defense" title="Balogh Defense">Balogh Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Opening" title="Bishop's Opening">Bishop's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Caro–Kann Defense">Caro–Kann Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Game" title="Center Game">Center Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Gambit" title="Danish Gambit">Danish Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkbeer_Countergambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Falkbeer Countergambit">Falkbeer Countergambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fischer_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Fischer Defense">Fischer Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%E2%80%93Dracula_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankenstein–Dracula Variation">Frankenstein–Dracula Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="French Defense">French Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Pawn_Opening" title="Centre Pawn Opening">Centre Pawn Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Bum" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkey's Bum">Monkey's Bum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Opening" title="Napoleon Opening">Napoleon Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimzowitsch Defense">Nimzowitsch Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen's Defense">Owen's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirc Defense">Pirc Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defense,_Austrian_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirc Defense, Austrian Attack">Pirc Defense, Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Opening" title="Portuguese Opening">Portuguese Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Gambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice Gambit">Rice Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George Defense">St. George Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayward_Queen_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayward Queen Attack">Wayward Queen Attack</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="d4_Openings">d4 Openings</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: d4 Openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_Game" title="Closed Game">Closed Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Closed_Game" title="Semi-Closed Game">Semi-Closed Game</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Queen's_Gambit_Openings"><span id="Queen.27s_Gambit_Openings"></span>Queen's Gambit Openings</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Queen's Gambit Openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Queen's Gambit Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Queen's Gambit Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albin_Countergambit" title="Albin Countergambit">Albin Countergambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Defense" title="Baltic Defense">Baltic Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Springs_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Springs Defense">Cambridge Springs Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Defense" title="Marshall Defense">Marshall Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetrical_Defense" title="Symmetrical Defense">Symmetrical Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_Defense" title="Tarrasch Defense">Tarrasch Defense</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Indian_Defense">Indian Defense</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Indian Defense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <p><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Defense">Indian Defense</a> – </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knights%27_Tango" title="Black Knights' Tango">Black Knights' Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogo-Indian Defense">Bogo-Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="East Indian Defense">East Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Grünfeld Defense">Grünfeld Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defense,_Nadanian_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Grünfeld Defense, Nadanian Variation">Grünfeld Defense, Nadanian Variation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Indian Defense">King's Indian Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defense,_Four_Pawns_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Indian Defense, Four Pawns Attack">King's Indian Defense, Four Pawns Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Indian_Attack" title="Neo-Indian Attack">Neo-Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimzo-Indian Defense">Nimzo-Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Other_d4_opening_variations">Other d4 opening variations</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other d4 opening variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alapin%E2%80%93Diemer_Gambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Alapin–Diemer Gambit">Alapin–Diemer Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benko_Gambit" title="Benko Gambit">Benko Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackmar%E2%80%93Diemer_Gambit" title="Blackmar–Diemer Gambit">Blackmar–Diemer Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumenfeld_Gambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Blumenfeld Gambit">Blumenfeld Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diemer%E2%80%93Duhm_Gambit" class="mw-redirect" title="Diemer–Duhm Gambit">Diemer–Duhm Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Defense">Dutch Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="English Defense">English Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englund_Gambit" title="Englund Gambit">Englund Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Keres Defense">Keres Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Knight_Defense" title="Queen's Knight Defense">Queen's Knight Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Defense" title="Polish Defense">Polish Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_Gambit" title="Staunton Gambit">Staunton Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade Defense">Wade Defense</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Flank_openings">Flank openings</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Flank openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benko%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Benko's Opening">Benko's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening,_King%27s_Indian_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Réti Opening, King's Indian Attack">Réti Opening, King's Indian Attack</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Irregular_Openings">Irregular Openings</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Irregular Openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Opening" title="Amar Opening">Amar Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderssen%27s_Opening" title="Anderssen's Opening">Anderssen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Opening" title="Barnes Opening">Barnes Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemenz_Opening" title="Clemenz Opening">Clemenz Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desprez_Opening" title="Desprez Opening">Desprez Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durkin_Opening" title="Durkin Opening">Durkin Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular chess opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieses_Opening" title="Mieses Opening">Mieses Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragossa_Opening" title="Saragossa Opening">Saragossa Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokolsky_Opening" title="Sokolsky Opening">Sokolsky Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_%27t_Kruijs_Opening" title="Van 't Kruijs Opening">Van 't Kruijs Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware_Opening" title="Ware Opening">Ware Opening</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Openings_including_a_trap">Openings including a trap</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Openings including a trap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephant Trap">Elephant Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halosar_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Halosar Trap">Halosar Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieninger_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Kieninger Trap">Kieninger Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasker_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasker Trap">Lasker Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gal_Trap" title="Légal Trap">Légal Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Smith_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus Smith Trap">Magnus Smith Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Trap">Marshall Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticelli_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Monticelli Trap">Monticelli Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortimer Trap">Mortimer Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah's Ark Trap">Noah's Ark Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubinstein_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubinstein Trap">Rubinstein Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian Trap">Siberian Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarrasch Trap">Tarrasch Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburger_Trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Würzburger Trap">Würzburger Trap</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Endgames">Endgames</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Endgames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgame</a> – phase of the game after the middlegame when there are few pieces left on the board </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_patterns" class="mw-redirect" title="Checkmate patterns">Checkmate patterns</a> – Patterns of checkmate that occur reasonably often.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">Chess endgame literature</a> – Literature on chess endgames.</li> <li>Endgame maneuvers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proke%C5%A1_maneuver" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokeš maneuver">Prokeš maneuver</a> – maneuver from an endgame study that sometimes occurs in games.</li></ul></li> <li>Endgame positions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Endgame study</a> – A composed position with a goal of either winning or drawing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_endgame_study" title="Réti endgame study">Réti endgame study</a> – endgame study illustrate how a king can pursue two goals at the same time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saavedra_position" title="Saavedra position">Saavedra position</a> – endgame study in which a surprising <a href="/wiki/Underpromotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Underpromotion">underpromotion</a> leads to a win.</li></ul></li> <li>Particular endgame situations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bare_king" title="Bare king">Bare king</a> – situation in which one player has only the king left on the board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">Fortress</a> – position in which a player with weaker material is able to keep the stronger side at bay and draw the game instead of lose it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn versus king endgame</a> – fundamental endgame with a king and pawn versus a king. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a> – square that a player needs to occupy (usually by the king in a king and pawn endgame) to achieve some goal.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-colored bishops endgame</a> – Endgames in which each side has one bishop and the bishops are on opposite colors of the board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">Opposition</a> – When two kings face each other with one square in between (with generalizations).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless chess endgame</a> – Endgames without pawns.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn versus queen endgame</a> – difficult endgame with a queen and pawn versus a queen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen versus pawn endgame</a> – fundamental endgame with a queen versus an advanced pawn protected by its king.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop versus rook endgame</a> – well-studied endgame with a rook and bishop versus a rook.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn versus rook endgame</a> – fundamental and well-studied endgame with a rook and pawn versus a rook. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a> – one of the most famous and important positions in chess endgame theory, where if the side with the pawn can reach this type of position, he can forcibly win the game.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a> – if the side without the pawn reaches the Philidor Position, he will force a draw.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a> – endgame with two knights versus a lone king cannot force checkmate, but they may be able to force a win if the defender has a pawn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a> – situation in some endgames where a player's bishop is on the wrong color of square to accomplish something, i.e. the result would be different if the bishop was on the other color.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a> – an endgame situation very closely related to the wrong bishop, where having the other rook pawn would have a different result.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Endgame principles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a> – guideline that rooks should usually be placed behind passed pawns – both its own pawns and the opponent's.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Endgame tablebase</a> – computer database of endgame positions giving optimal moves for both sides and the result of optimal moves (a win for one player or a draw).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venues_(who_and_where_to_play)"><span id="Venues_.28who_and_where_to_play.29"></span>Venues (who and where to play)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Venues (who and where to play)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casual_play">Casual play</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Casual play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chess_clubs">Chess clubs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Chess clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Online_chess">Online chess</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Online chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chess.com/">Chess.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redhotpawn.com/">RedhotPawn.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schemingmind.com">Schemingmind.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameknot.com">GameKnot.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.lichess.org">Lichess.org</a> (Open source)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.chessbase.com">Playchess</a> (Chessbase.com)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chess24.com">chess24.com</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Correspondence_chess">Correspondence chess</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Correspondence chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Correspondence chess server">Correspondence chess server</a> – arguably the most convenient form of correspondence chess.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitive_chess">Competitive chess</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Competitive chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_around_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess around the world">Chess around the world</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Chess rating system</a> – dynamic rating system based on a player's performance, with a higher number indicating a better player.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Chess tournament</a> – chess competition among several to many players. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss-system_tournament" title="Swiss-system tournament">Swiss-system tournament</a> – A tournament format designed to handle a relatively large number of players playing a small number of rounds in a relatively short time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_tournament" title="Round-robin tournament">Round-robin tournament</a> – A tournament format for a small to moderate number of players in which each player plays each other table. It may be lengthy, depending on the number of rounds played.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockout_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockout tournament">Knockout tournament</a> – A tournament format of several stages in which players are paired off and half are eliminated in each stage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Computer_Chess_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Computer Chess Tournament">Internet Computer Chess Tournament</a> – tournament for chess engines held over the Internet.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE World Rankings">FIDE World Rankings</a> – list of the highest-rated players in the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a> – demonstration in which one player plays against a large number of opponents simultaneously.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Titles">Titles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chess_title" title="Chess title">Chess title</a> – </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a> – the highest title other than World Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="International Master">International Master</a> – lower title than Grandmaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE Master">FIDE Master</a> – lower title than International Master</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidate Master">Candidate Master</a> – Lower title than FIDE Master</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_expert" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess expert">Chess expert</a> – A title awarded by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chess_Federation" title="United States Chess Federation">United States Chess Federation</a> to players of below master strength</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Grandmaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman Grandmaster">Woman Grandmaster</a> – Available to women only, lower requirements than Grandmaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_International_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman International Master">Woman International Master</a> – Available to women only, lower requirements than International Master</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_FIDE_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman FIDE Master">Woman FIDE Master</a> – Available to women only, lower requirements than FIDE Master</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Candidate_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman Candidate Master">Woman Candidate Master</a> – Available to women only, lower requirements than Candidate Master</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Correspondence_Chess_Grandmaster" title="International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster">International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster</a> – The highest title awarded by the <a href="/wiki/International_Correspondence_Chess_Federation" title="International Correspondence Chess Federation">International Correspondence Chess Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_titles" title="FIDE titles">FIDE titles</a> – lifetime titles awarded by <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_chess">Computer chess</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Computer chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">Computer chess</a> – </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">Human–computer chess matches</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess software">Chess software</a> –</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_chess">History of chess</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: History of chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History of chess</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">Shatranj</a> – old form of chess, from which modern chess gradually developed, that came to the Western world from India via Sassanid Persia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_la_R%C3%A9gence" title="Café de la Régence">Café de la Régence</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">Human–computer chess matches</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue (chess computer)</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Garry_Kasparov" title="Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov">Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_%E2%80%93_Kasparov,_1996,_Game_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Blue – Kasparov, 1996, Game 1">Deep Blue – Kasparov, 1996, Game 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_%E2%80%93_Kasparov,_1997,_Game_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Blue – Kasparov, 1997, Game 6">Deep Blue – Kasparov, 1997, Game 6</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famous_games">Famous games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Famous games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immortal_Game" title="Immortal Game">Immortal Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortal_losing_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Immortal losing game">Immortal losing game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortal_Zugzwang_Game" title="Immortal Zugzwang Game">Immortal Zugzwang Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortal_Draw" title="Immortal Draw">Immortal Draw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Evergreen game">Evergreen game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Immortal" title="Polish Immortal">Polish Immortal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Immortal" title="Peruvian Immortal">Peruvian Immortal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_of_the_Century_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Game of the Century (chess)">The Game of the Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasker_versus_Bauer,_Amsterdam,_1889" title="Lasker versus Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889">Lasker versus Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphy_versus_the_Duke_of_Brunswick_and_Count_Isouard" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphy versus the Duke of Brunswick and Count Isouard">Morphy versus the Duke of Brunswick and Count Isouard</a> (the Opera Game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasparov_versus_the_World" title="Kasparov versus the World">Kasparov versus the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poole_versus_HAL_9000_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poole versus HAL 9000 (chess)">Poole versus HAL 9000</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">more...</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_chess,_by_period"><span id="History_of_chess.2C_by_period"></span>History of chess, by period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: History of chess, by period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline of chess</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Years_in_chess">Years in chess</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Years in chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_chess" title="1914 in chess">1914 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_in_chess" title="1915 in chess">1915 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_in_chess" title="1916 in chess">1916 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_in_chess" title="1917 in chess">1917 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_in_chess" title="1918 in chess">1918 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_chess" title="1932 in chess">1932 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_chess" title="1933 in chess">1933 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_chess" title="1939 in chess">1939 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_chess" title="1940 in chess">1940 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_chess" title="1941 in chess">1941 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_chess" title="1942 in chess">1942 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_chess" title="1943 in chess">1943 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_chess" title="1944 in chess">1944 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_chess" title="1945 in chess">1945 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_chess" title="1962 in chess">1962 in chess</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_chess" title="1969 in chess">1969 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_chess" title="1970 in chess">1970 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_chess" title="1971 in chess">1971 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_chess" title="1972 in chess">1972 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_chess" title="1973 in chess">1973 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_chess" title="1974 in chess">1974 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_chess" title="1975 in chess">1975 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_chess" title="1976 in chess">1976 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_chess" title="1988 in chess">1988 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_chess" title="1989 in chess">1989 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_chess" title="1990 in chess">1990 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_chess" title="1991 in chess">1991 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_chess" title="1992 in chess">1992 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_chess" title="1993 in chess">1993 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_chess" title="1994 in chess">1994 in chess</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_chess" title="1995 in chess">1995 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_chess" title="1996 in chess">1996 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_chess" title="1997 in chess">1997 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_chess" title="1998 in chess">1998 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_chess" title="1999 in chess">1999 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_chess" title="2000 in chess">2000 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_chess" title="2001 in chess">2001 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_chess" title="2002 in chess">2002 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_chess" title="2003 in chess">2003 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_chess" title="2004 in chess">2004 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_chess" title="2005 in chess">2005 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_chess" title="2006 in chess">2006 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_chess" title="2007 in chess">2007 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_chess" title="2008 in chess">2008 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_chess" title="2009 in chess">2009 in chess</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_chess" title="2010 in chess">2010 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_chess" title="2011 in chess">2011 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_chess" title="2012 in chess">2012 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_chess" title="2013 in chess">2013 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_chess" title="2014 in chess">2014 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_chess" title="2015 in chess">2015 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_chess" title="2016 in chess">2016 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_chess" title="2017 in chess">2017 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_chess" title="2018 in chess">2018 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_chess" title="2019 in chess">2019 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_chess" title="2020 in chess">2020 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_chess" title="2021 in chess">2021 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_chess" title="2022 in chess">2022 in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_chess" title="2023 in chess">2023 in chess</a> </li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_players">Chess players</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Chess players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a> – child with exceptional chess ability who has significant chess achievements at a very young age.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_families" title="List of chess families">List of chess families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">List of chess grandmasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Comparison of top chess players throughout history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_chess_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="World chess championship">World chess championship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Chess_Championships">World Chess Championships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: World Chess Championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1886" title="World Chess Championship 1886">World Chess Championship 1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1889" title="World Chess Championship 1889">World Chess Championship 1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1891" class="mw-redirect" title="World Chess Championship 1891">World Chess Championship 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1892" title="World Chess Championship 1892">World Chess Championship 1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1894" title="World Chess Championship 1894">World Chess Championship 1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="World Chess Championship 1897">World Chess Championship 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1907" title="World Chess Championship 1907">World Chess Championship 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1908" title="World Chess Championship 1908">World Chess Championship 1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1910_(Lasker%E2%80%93Janowski)" title="World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Janowski)">World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Janowski)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1910_(Lasker%E2%80%93Schlechter)" title="World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Schlechter)">World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Schlechter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1921" title="World Chess Championship 1921">World Chess Championship 1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1927" title="World Chess Championship 1927">World Chess Championship 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1929" title="World Chess Championship 1929">World Chess Championship 1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1934" title="World Chess Championship 1934">World Chess Championship 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1935" title="World Chess Championship 1935">World Chess Championship 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1937" title="World Chess Championship 1937">World Chess Championship 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1948" title="World Chess Championship 1948">World Chess Championship 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1951" title="World Chess Championship 1951">World Chess Championship 1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1954" title="World Chess Championship 1954">World Chess Championship 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1957" title="World Chess Championship 1957">World Chess Championship 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1958" title="World Chess Championship 1958">World Chess Championship 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1960" title="World Chess Championship 1960">World Chess Championship 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1961" title="World Chess Championship 1961">World Chess Championship 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1963" title="World Chess Championship 1963">World Chess Championship 1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1966" title="World Chess Championship 1966">World Chess Championship 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1969" title="World Chess Championship 1969">World Chess Championship 1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1972" title="World Chess Championship 1972">World Chess Championship 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1975" title="World Chess Championship 1975">World Chess Championship 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1978" title="World Chess Championship 1978">World Chess Championship 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1981" title="World Chess Championship 1981">World Chess Championship 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="World Chess Championship 1984">World Chess Championship 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985" title="World Chess Championship 1985">World Chess Championship 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986" title="World Chess Championship 1986">World Chess Championship 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1987" title="World Chess Championship 1987">World Chess Championship 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1990" title="World Chess Championship 1990">World Chess Championship 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993" title="World Chess Championship 1993">World Chess Championship 1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_1995" title="Classical World Chess Championship 1995">Classical World Chess Championship 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2000">Classical World Chess Championship 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2004" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2004">Classical World Chess Championship 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1996" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1996">FIDE World Chess Championship 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1998" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1998">FIDE World Chess Championship 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championships_1998%E2%80%932004" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE World Chess Championships 1998–2004">FIDE World Chess Championships 1998–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1999" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1999">FIDE World Chess Championship 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2000">FIDE World Chess Championship 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2002" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2002">FIDE World Chess Championship 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2004" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2004">FIDE World Chess Championship 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2005" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2005">FIDE World Chess Championship 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2006" title="World Chess Championship 2006">World Chess Championship 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2007" title="World Chess Championship 2007">World Chess Championship 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2008" title="World Chess Championship 2008">World Chess Championship 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2010" title="World Chess Championship 2010">World Chess Championship 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2012" title="World Chess Championship 2012">World Chess Championship 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2013" title="World Chess Championship 2013">World Chess Championship 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2014" title="World Chess Championship 2014">World Chess Championship 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2016" title="World Chess Championship 2016">World Chess Championship 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2018" title="World Chess Championship 2018">World Chess Championship 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2021" title="World Chess Championship 2021">World Chess Championship 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women's World Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_world_championship_matches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of chess world championship matches">List of chess world championship matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">World Amateur Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">World Championship of Chess Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">World Computer Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">World Computer Speed Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interregnum_of_World_Chess_Champions" title="Interregnum of World Chess Champions">Interregnum of World Chess Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interzonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Interzonal">Interzonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">World Junior Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">World Senior Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">World Chess Solving Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">World Team Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">World Youth Chess Championship</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_of_chess">Science of chess</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Science of chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychology_and_chess">Psychology and chess</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Psychology and chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess blindness">Chess blindness</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_as_mental_training" title="Chess as mental training">Chess as mental training</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_therapy" title="Chess therapy">Chess therapy</a> –</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_programming">Chess programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Chess programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_representation_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Board representation (chess)">Board representation</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimax" title="Minimax">Minimax</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null-move_heuristic" title="Null-move heuristic">Null-move heuristic</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">Portable Game Notation</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_table" title="Transposition table">Transposition table</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Endgame tablebase</a> –</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_theory">Chess theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Chess theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chess_theory" title="Chess theory">Chess theory</a> – </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">First-move advantage in chess</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">Chess opening theory table</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Endgame study</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">Glossary of chess problems</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_(chess_composition)" title="Motif (chess composition)">Motif (chess composition)</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundlauf_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rundlauf (chess)">Rundlauf</a> –</li> <li>Types of chess problems <ul><li>Directmates – White to move first and checkmate Black within a specified number of moves against any defense. These are often referred to as "mate in <i>n</i>", where <i>n</i> is the number of moves within which mate must be delivered. In composing and solving competitions, directmates are further broken down into three classes: <ul><li>Two-movers – White to move and checkmate Black in two moves against any defense.</li> <li>Three-movers – White to move and checkmate Black in no more than three moves against any defense.</li> <li>More-movers – White to move and checkmate Black in <i>n</i> moves against any defense, where <i>n</i> is some particular number greater than three.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess" title="Fairy chess">Fairy chess</a> – chess problems that differ from classical (also called orthodox) chess problems in that they are not direct mates. Although the term "fairy chess" is sometimes used for games, it is usually applied to problems with new stipulations, new rules, a new board, or <a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">fairy chess pieces</a>, to express an idea or theme impossible in "orthochess".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>See also <a href="#Chess_variants">the section on chess variants</a>, below.</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helpmate" title="Helpmate">Helpmates</a> – Black to move first cooperates with White to get Black's own king mated in a specified number of moves.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfmate" title="Selfmate">Selfmates</a> – White moves first and forces Black (in a specified number of moves) to checkmate White.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helpselfmate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helpselfmate (page does not exist)">Helpselfmates</a> – White to move first cooperates with Black to get a position of selfmate in one move.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexmate" title="Reflexmate">Reflexmates</a> – form of selfmate with the added stipulation that each side <i>must</i> give mate if it is able to do so. (When this stipulation applies only to Black, it is a <i>semi-reflexmate</i>.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seriesmover" title="Seriesmover">Seriesmovers</a> – one side makes a series of moves without reply to achieve a stipulated aim. Check may not be given except on the last move. A seriesmover may take various forms: <ul><li>Seriesmate – directmate with White playing a series of moves without reply to checkmate Black.</li> <li>Serieshelpmate – helpmate in which Black plays a series of moves without reply after which White plays one move to checkmate Black.</li> <li>Seriesselfmate – selfmate in which White plays a series of moves leading to a position in which Black is forced to give mate.</li> <li>Seriesreflexmate – reflexmate in which White plays a series of moves leading to a position in which Black can, and therefore must, give mate.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_puzzle" title="Chess puzzle">Chess puzzle</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">Joke chess problem</a> –</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combinatorial_game_theory" title="Combinatorial game theory">Combinatorial game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_analysis" title="Retrograde analysis">Retrograde analysis</a> –</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess_in_culture">Chess in culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Chess in culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_game_collection" title="Chess game collection">Chess game collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="#Chess_media">Chess media</a> <ul><li><a href="#Chess_in_popular_media">Chess in popular media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="#Chess_organizations">Chess organizations</a></li> <li><a href="#Venues_(who_and_where_to_play)">Chess venues (who and where to play)</a></li> <li><a href="#Chess_variants">Chess variants</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess_media">Chess media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Chess media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess columns in newspapers</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">Chess endgame literature</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_essays">Chess essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Chess essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Morals_of_Chess" title="The Morals of Chess">The Morals of Chess</a></i>, by Benjamin Franklin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_video_games">Chess video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Chess video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_chess_video_games" title="Comparison of chess video games">Comparison of chess video games</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Chess" title="Battle Chess">Battle Chess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chessmaster" title="Chessmaster">Chessmaster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fritz_(chess)" title="Fritz (chess)">Fritz</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_books">Chess books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Chess books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Chess" title="A History of Chess">A History of Chess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Chess_Endings" title="Basic Chess Endings">Basic Chess Endings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">Chess endgame literature</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">Chess opening book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Chess_Openings" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Chess Openings">Encyclopedia of Chess Openings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handbuch_des_Schachspiels" title="Handbuch des Schachspiels">Handbuch des Schachspiels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lasker%27s_Manual_of_Chess" title="Lasker's Manual of Chess">Lasker's Manual of Chess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Chess_Openings" title="Modern Chess Openings">Modern Chess Openings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_60_Memorable_Games" title="My 60 Memorable Games">My 60 Memorable Games</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Great_Predecessors" title="My Great Predecessors">My Great Predecessors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_System" title="My System">My System</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_and_Playe_of_the_Chesse" title="The Game and Playe of the Chesse">The Game and Playe of the Chesse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_of_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="The Game of Chess">The Game of Chess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">The Oxford Companion to Chess</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">more...</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periodicals">Periodicals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Periodicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Chess_Magazine" title="British Chess Magazine">British Chess Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Informant" title="Chess Informant">Chess Informant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Life" title="Chess Life">Chess Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CHESS_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="CHESS magazine">CHESS magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EG_(magazine)" title="EG (magazine)">EG</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_In_Chess" title="New In Chess">New In Chess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakhmatny_Bulletin" title="Shakhmatny Bulletin">Shakhmatny Bulletin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakhmaty_v_SSSR" title="Shakhmaty v SSSR">Shakhmaty v SSSR</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Week_in_Chess" title="The Week in Chess">The Week in Chess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/64_(chess_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="64 (chess magazine)">64</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">more...</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_websites">Chess websites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Chess websites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/ChessCafe.com" title="ChessCafe.com">ChessCafe.com</a></i> – publishes endgame studies, book reviews and other articles related to chess on a weekly basis. It was founded in 1996 by Hanon Russell, and is well known as a repository of articles about chess and its history.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chessgames.com" title="Chessgames.com">Chessgames.com</a></i> – Internet chess community with over 197,000 members. The site maintains a large database of chess games, where each game has its own discussion page for comments and analysis.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Online_Arena" title="FIDE Online Arena">FIDE Online Arena</a></i> – Fédération internationale des échecs or World Chess Federation's (FIDE) commercial Internet chess server devoted to chess playing and related activities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_chess_servers" title="List of Internet chess servers">Internet chess servers</a> – websites that allow players to play each other online <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Internet_Chess_Server" title="Free Internet Chess Server">Free Internet Chess Server</a></i> – volunteer-run Internet chess server. It was organized as a free alternative to the Internet Chess Club (ICC), after that site began charging for membership.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Chess_Club" title="Internet Chess Club">Internet Chess Club</a></i> – commercial Internet chess server devoted to the play and discussion of chess and chess variants.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Playchess" title="Playchess">Playchess</a></i> – commercial Internet chess server edited by ChessBase devoted to the play and discussion of chess and chess variants.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SchemingMind" title="SchemingMind">SchemingMind</a></i> – privately owned international correspondence chess club founded in 2002. Most games and tournaments are played on a correspondence chess server owned by the club for this purpose.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Week_in_Chess" title="The Week in Chess">The Week in Chess</a></i> – one of the first, if not the first, Internet-based chess news services.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_in_popular_media">Chess in popular media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Chess in popular media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess in the arts and literature">Chess in the arts and literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">Chess in early literature</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chess-themed_movies">Chess-themed movies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Chess-themed movies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Knight_Moves_(film)" title="Knight Moves (film)">Knight Moves</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawn_Sacrifice" title="Pawn Sacrifice">Pawn Sacrifice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Searching_for_Bobby_Fischer" title="Searching for Bobby Fischer">Searching for Bobby Fischer</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess_organizations">Chess organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Chess organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Chess_Association" title="Professional Chess Association">Professional Chess Association</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Some_influential_chess_persons">Some influential chess persons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Some influential chess persons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Comparison of top chess players throughout history</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Morphy" title="Paul Morphy">Paul Morphy</a> – (June 22, 1837 – July 10, 1884) – American chess player. He is considered to have been the greatest chess master of his era and an unofficial World Chess Champion. He was called "The Pride and Sorrow of Chess" because he had a brief and brilliant chess career, retiring from the game at the age of 21.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Steinitz" title="Wilhelm Steinitz">Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz</a> (May 17, 1836 – August 12, 1900) – Austrian and then American chess player and the first undisputed world chess champion from 1886 to 1894. From the 1870s onwards, commentators have debated whether Steinitz was effectively the champion earlier.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Lasker" title="Emanuel Lasker">Emanuel Lasker</a> (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) – was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was the second formally recognized World Chess Champion, a position from which he dominated chess for 27 years (from 1894 to 1921).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca" title="José Raúl Capablanca">José Raúl Capablanca</a> (19 November 1888 – 8 March 1942) – Cuban chess player who was world chess champion from 1921 to 1927. Nicknamed the "Human Chess Machine" due to his mastery over the board and his relatively simple style of play, he was renowned for his exceptional endgame skill and speed of play, and is widely regarded as the most naturally talented chess player in history.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_unofficial_Chess_Olympiad#FIDE" title="1st unofficial Chess Olympiad">15 Founders of FIDE</a> – established FIDE on July 20, 1924, at the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alekhine" title="Alexander Alekhine">Alexander Alekhine</a> (October 31, 1892 – March 24, 1946) – in 1927, he became the fourth World Chess Champion by defeating Capablanca, widely considered invincible, in what would stand as the longest chess championship match held until 1985. Alekhine is highly regarded as a chess writer and theoretician, producing innovations in a wide range of chess openings, and giving his name to Alekhine's Defense and several other opening variations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Mikhail Botvinnik</a> (August 4, 1911 – May 5, 1995) – Soviet and Russian International Grandmaster and three-time World Chess Champion. Working as an electrical engineer and computer scientist at the same time, he was one of the very few famous chess players who achieved distinction in another career while playing top-class competitive chess. He was also a pioneer of computer chess. He was World Champion from 1948 to 1963, with two interruptions. He briefly lost the World Championship to Vasily Smyslov and then to Mikhail Tal, but won it back from both of them in rematches.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tal" title="Mikhail Tal">Mikhail Tal</a> (November 9, 1936 – June 28, 1992) – Soviet-Latvian chess Grandmaster and the eighth World Chess Champion, widely regarded as a creative genius and the best attacking player of all time, known above all for improvisation and unpredictability. Every game, he once said, was as inimitable and invaluable as a poem.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Smyslov" title="Vasily Smyslov">Vasily Smyslov</a> – Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster, and World Chess Champion (from 1957 to 1958) known for his positional style, and, in particular, his precise handling of the endgame, but many of his games featured spectacular tactical shots as well. He made enormous contributions to chess opening theory in many openings, including the English Opening, Grünfeld Defense, and the Sicilian Defense.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigran_Petrosian" title="Tigran Petrosian">Tigran Petrosian</a> (June 17, 1929 – August 13, 1984) – Soviet Armenian grandmaster, and World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Spassky" title="Boris Spassky">Boris Spassky</a> (born January 30, 1937) – the 10th World Chess Champion and a prominent Soviet and, later, French player.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Bobby Fischer</a> (March 9, 1943 – January 17, 2008) – American chess Grandmaster and the 11th World Chess Champion. He is widely considered the greatest chess player of all time. Fischer was also a best-selling chess author.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a> (born May 23, 1951) – Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion, a position he held from 1975 to 1985 and from 1993 to 1999, when he resigned his title in protest against FIDE's new world championship rules.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a> – (born 13 April 1963) – Russian (formerly Soviet) chess grandmaster, a former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist, considered by many to be the greatest chess player of all time. He held the official FIDE world title from 1985 until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a> (born 11 December 1969) – Indian chess Grandmaster. Anand has won the World Chess Championship five times (2000, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012), and was undisputed World Champion from 2007 to 2013.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Carlsen" title="Magnus Carlsen">Magnus Carlsen</a> (born 30 November 1990) – Norwegian chess Grandmaster, former chess prodigy, and five-time World Chess Champion (2013-2023), who is the number-one-ranked player in the world. His peak rating is the highest in history as of 2023-04-30.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Liren" title="Ding Liren">Ding Liren</a> (born 24 October 1992) - Chinese chess Grandmaster, current World Champion and World #2 by rating.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">more...</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Some_influential_persons_who_played_chess">Some influential persons who played chess</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Some influential persons who played chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Franklin#Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Franklin">Ben Franklin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess_variants">Chess variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Chess variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Chess variant</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List of chess variants</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Chess variant</a> – games similar to chess but with different rules or pieces. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy chess piece</a> – pieces used in chess variants other than the usual pieces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_with_a_different_starting_position">Variants with a different starting position</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Variants with a different starting position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_chess" title="Displacement chess">Displacement chess</a> – starting position is slightly altered to negate players' knowledge of openings.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess960" title="Chess960">Chess960</a> – variant created by Bobby Fischer, in which the starting position of the pieces on the 1st and 8th ranks are random, resulting in 960 possible starting positions. White and Black starting positions must be mirrored and king must start between rooks allowing castling.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcendental Chess">Transcendental Chess</a> – similar to Chess960, except that there is no castling, starting positions are not necessarily mirrored, and bishops must start in opposite color squares. There are 8,294,400 possible starting positions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_with_different_forces">Variants with different forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Variants with different forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_handicap" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess handicap">Chess handicap</a> – giving an advantage to a weaker player to allow equal chances of winning. Usually the advantage given is in material, extra moves or extra time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunsany%27s_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunsany's Chess">Dunsany's Chess</a> – Black starts just as in traditional chess, while White starts with only 32 pawns. Black wins by taking all the pawns while avoiding stalemate, White wins by checkmating the black king.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_with_a_different_board">Variants with a different board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Variants with a different board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minichess" title="Minichess">Minichess</a> – board has less squares, e.g. 3×3, 5×5, 5×6, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_chess" title="Los Alamos chess">Los Alamos chess</a> – 6×6 variant without bishops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_chess" title="Grid chess">Grid chess</a> – 8×8 board with a 4×4 grid, dividing the board in 16 spaces of 2×2 squares each. Works just like traditional chess, except that a piece must cross at least one grid line at each move.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_chess" title="Cylinder chess">Cylinder chess</a> – played on a cylinder, which results in joining the right and left sides of the board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_chess" title="Circular chess">Circular chess</a> – variant played on a circular board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice Chess">Alice Chess</a> – played with two boards, one of which starts empty. After the completion of each move, the piece that moved is transferred to the same square of the other board (after a move on the second board, the piece returns to the first board).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_chess" title="Hexagonal chess">Hexagonal chess</a> – any of various variants played on a hexagonal board or board with hexagonal cells.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_chess" title="Three-dimensional chess">Three-dimensional chess</a> – any of various variants with multiple boards at different levels, resulting in gameplay in three dimensions. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_chess#Star_Trek_Tri-Dimensional_Chess" title="Three-dimensional chess">Star Trek Tri-Dimensional Chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubic Chess">Cubic Chess</a> – pieces are replaced by cubes, with the piece figures on their sides, making easier to shift the piece types under special rules of promotion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying chess">Flying chess</a> – played with two boards, one of which represents the upper level, the other the lower. Only some pieces are allowed to move on the upper level.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonchess" title="Dragonchess">Dragonchess</a> – created by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Gygax" title="Gary Gygax">Gary Gygax</a>, co-creator of the famed <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing game</a> <a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a>, the pieces are inspired on characters and monsters from the fantasy RPG.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_with_unusual_rules">Variants with unusual rules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Variants with unusual rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Losing_chess" title="Losing chess">Losing chess</a> – objective of each player is to lose all their pieces instead of checkmating the enemy king. Capturing, as in <a href="/wiki/Checkers" title="Checkers">checkers</a>, is compulsory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_chess" title="Atomic chess">Atomic chess</a> – whenever a capture occurs, the surrounding pieces are also captured, resembling the idea of an explosion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_checks_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Three checks chess">Three checks chess</a> – a player wins by checking the opponent king three times.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_chess" title="Extinction chess">Extinction chess</a> – the objective is to capture all of a particular type of piece of the opponent (e.g., both knights, all pawns, or the queen).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazyhouse" title="Crazyhouse">Crazyhouse</a> – a captured piece can be introduced back to the board by the player who captured it, as a piece of his own.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_relay_chess" title="Knight relay chess">Knight relay chess</a> – pieces defended by a knight may move as a knight. Knights cannot capture or be captured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andernach_chess" title="Andernach chess">Andernach chess</a> – after a capture, the capturing piece changes its color.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkless_chess" title="Checkless chess">Checkless chess</a> – any move resulting in check is not allowed, except checkmate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe_chess" title="Circe chess">Circe chess</a> – captured pieces instantly return to their starting positions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legan_chess" title="Legan chess">Legan chess</a> – starting positions of pieces are concentrated on opposite corners of the board. Pawn movement becomes diagonal and capturing orthogonal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasi_chess" title="Madrasi chess">Madrasi chess</a> – whenever a piece is attacked by an enemy piece of the same type, it cannot move.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_chess" title="Monochromatic chess">Monochromatic chess</a> – a piece may only move to a square of the same color as the one it occupies. Knights follow special rules for movement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_chess" title="Patrol chess">Patrol chess</a> – capturing and checking are not allowed unless the capturing or checking piece is guarded by a friendly piece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlunderChess" title="PlunderChess">PlunderChess</a> – capturing pieces gain a limited ability to move as the captured piece.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_with_incomplete_information_and_elements_of_chance">Variants with incomplete information and elements of chance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Variants with incomplete information and elements of chance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriegspiel_(chess)" title="Kriegspiel (chess)">Kriegspiel</a> – a player can see his own pieces, but not the enemy pieces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_chess" title="Dark chess">Dark chess</a> – a player can only see the squares occupied by his own pieces and squares his pieces could move to.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penultima" title="Penultima">Penultima</a> – spectators of the game secretly decide the moving and capturing rules for each piece, which the players gradually find out during the game.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dice_chess" title="Dice chess">Dice chess</a> – players roll dice before each move to determine which piece types may be moved.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knightmare_Chess" title="Knightmare Chess">Knightmare Chess</a> – fantasy variant published by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jackson_Games" title="Steve Jackson Games">Steve Jackson Games</a>, including cards that change aspects of the game.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multimove_variants">Multimove variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Multimove variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseillais_chess" title="Marseillais chess">Marseillais chess</a> – each player moves twice per turn. If the first move gives check, the player doesn't make the second move that turn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_chess" title="Progressive chess">Progressive chess</a> – the number of moves played each turn increases progressively. White starts with one move, then Black plays two moves, then White plays 3 moves, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_chess" title="Avalanche chess">Avalanche chess</a> – after each move, it is obligatory for the player to move an opponent pawn one square towards himself.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_chess" title="Monster chess">Monster chess</a> – Black plays as in traditional chess, but White has only one king and four pawns, and moves twice a turn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung-fu_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung-fu chess">Kung-fu chess</a> – a variant with no turns, pieces can be moved freely, each piece having its own delay time between two moves. A <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">real-time strategy</a> game, played mostly online.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiplayer_variants">Multiplayer variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Multiplayer variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bughouse_chess" title="Bughouse chess">Bughouse chess</a> – variant with four players and two boards, 2 vs 2, captured pieces by a player are transferred to his partner, who may introduce them to his board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-player_chess" title="Three-player chess">Three-player chess</a> – specially connected three-sided board for three players.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-player_chess" title="Four-player chess">Four-player chess</a> – extended cross-shaped board for four players.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forchess" title="Forchess">Forchess</a> – four player variant inside a regular board, with specific initial configuration.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djambi" title="Djambi">Djambi</a> – 9×9 variant for four players with special pieces and rules.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosworth_(game)" title="Bosworth (game)">Bosworth</a> – four player variant on a 6×6 board, pieces are put into play gradually as the game progresses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian_chess" title="Enochian chess">Enochian chess</a> – four player variant with complex rules created by <a href="/wiki/William_Wynn_Westcott" title="William Wynn Westcott">William Wynn Westcott</a>, one of the three founders of the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_with_unusual_pieces">Variants with unusual pieces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Variants with unusual pieces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy chess piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogonal" title="Hippogonal">Hippogonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_(chess_piece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grasshopper (chess piece)">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_chess" title="Grasshopper chess">Grasshopper chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berolina_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Berolina chess">Berolina chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajah_and_the_Sepoys" title="Maharajah and the Sepoys">Maharajah and the Sepoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Chess" title="Omega Chess">Omega Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Stealth Chess">Stealth Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Mutation_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket Mutation Chess">Pocket Mutation Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_chess" title="Baroque chess">Baroque chess</a></li> <li>Butterfly chess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_with_different_armies" title="Chess with different armies">Chess with different armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duell_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duell (chess)">Duell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gess" title="Gess">Gess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildebeest_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildebeest Chess">Wildebeest Chess</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variants_with_bishop+knight_and_rook+knight_compounds"><span id="Variants_with_bishop.2Bknight_and_rook.2Bknight_compounds"></span>Variants with bishop+knight and rook+knight compounds</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Variants with bishop+knight and rook+knight compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seirawan_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Seirawan chess">Seirawan chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_Chess" title="Janus Chess">Janus Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capablanca_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Capablanca Chess">Capablanca Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capablanca_Random_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Capablanca Random Chess">Capablanca Random Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy Chess">Embassy Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_chess" title="Modern chess">Modern chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Chess" title="Grand Chess">Grand Chess</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games_inspired_by_chess">Games inspired by chess</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Games inspired by chess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arimaa" title="Arimaa">Arimaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icehouse_pieces" title="Icehouse pieces">Icehouse pieces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_chess" title="Martian chess">Martian chess</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_variants">Historical variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Historical variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History of chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox%E2%80%93Forbes_theory" title="Cox–Forbes theory">Cox–Forbes theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liubo" title="Liubo">Liubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">Chaturanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturaji" title="Chaturaji">Chaturaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">Shatranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_bin_Yahya_al-Suli" title="Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli">Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamerlane_chess" title="Tamerlane chess">Tamerlane chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiashatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiashatar">Hiashatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senterej" title="Senterej">Senterej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xiangqi_and_variants">Xiangqi and variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Xiangqi and variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">Xiangqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Chinese_Chess_Openings" title="Encyclopedia of Chinese Chess Openings">Encyclopedia of Chinese Chess Openings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banqi" title="Banqi">Banqi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shogi_and_variants">Shogi and variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Shogi and variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi">Shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogi_strategy_and_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Shogi strategy and tactics">Shogi strategy and tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_shogi" title="History of shogi">History of shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meijin_(shogi)" title="Meijin (shogi)">Meijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryu-oh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryu-oh">Ryu-oh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_shogi" title="Computer shogi">Computer shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogi_variant" title="Shogi variant">Shogi variant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_shogi" title="Micro shogi">Micro shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minishogi" title="Minishogi">Minishogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_shogi" title="Kyoto shogi">Kyoto shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judkins_shogi" title="Judkins shogi">Judkins shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_shogi" title="Whale shogi">Whale shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tori_shogi" title="Tori shogi">Tori shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yari_shogi" title="Yari shogi">Yari shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_shogi" title="Heian shogi">Heian shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sho_shogi" title="Sho shogi">Sho shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_shogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannon shogi">Cannon shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasami_shogi" title="Hasami shogi">Hasami shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annan_shogi" title="Annan shogi">Annan shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unashogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unashogi (page does not exist)">Unashogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_shogi" title="Wa shogi">Wa shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_shogi" title="Chu shogi">Chu shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_dai_shogi" title="Heian dai shogi">Heian dai shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuro" class="mw-redirect" title="Akuro">Akuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_shogi" title="Dai shogi">Dai shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenjiku_shogi" title="Tenjiku shogi">Tenjiku shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_dai_shogi" title="Dai dai shogi">Dai dai shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka_dai_dai_shogi" title="Maka dai dai shogi">Maka dai dai shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko_shogi" title="Ko shogi">Ko shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_shogi" title="Tai shogi">Tai shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikyoku_shogi" title="Taikyoku shogi">Taikyoku shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannin_shogi" title="Sannin shogi">Sannin shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonin_shogi" title="Yonin shogi">Yonin shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo-era_shogi_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Edo-era shogi sources">Edo-era shogi sources</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_national_variants">Other national variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Other national variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janggi" title="Janggi">Janggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makruk" title="Makruk">Makruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittuyin" title="Sittuyin">Sittuyin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_combined_with_other_sports_and_pastimes">Chess combined with other sports and pastimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Chess combined with other sports and pastimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_chess" title="Human chess">Human chess</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shot_chess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shot chess (page does not exist)">Shot chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_games#Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Strip games">Strip chess</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_variants_software">Chess variants software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Chess variants software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChessV" title="ChessV">ChessV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy-Max" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy-Max">Fairy-Max</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fictional_variants">Fictional variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Fictional variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wizard%27s_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Wizard's chess">Wizard's chess</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/28px-Chess.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/42px-Chess.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/56px-Chess.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chess" title="Portal:Chess">Chess portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary of chess</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">Glossary of chess problems</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogonal" title="Hippogonal">Hippogonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphy_number" title="Morphy number">Morphy number</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-yukic-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yukic_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThomas_S._Yukic" class="citation book cs1">Thomas S. Yukic. <i>Fundamentals of Recreation, 2nd edition</i>. Harpers & Row, 1970, Library of Congress 70-88646. p. 1f.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Recreation%2C+2nd+edition&rft.pages=1f&rft.pub=Harpers+%26+Row%2C+1970%2C+Library+of+Congress+70-88646&rft.au=Thomas+S.+Yukic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garvey, C. (1990). <i>Play</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/recognized/index_uk.asp">Recognized Sports of the International Olympic Committee</a> International Olympic Committee official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chess.com/forum/view/general/in-a-real-tournment-can-you-play-2-queens">"In a real tournament can you play 2 queens?"</a>. <i>chess.com</i>. Chess Forums<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chess.com&rft.atitle=In+a+real+tournament+can+you+play+2+queens%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess.com%2Fforum%2Fview%2Fgeneral%2Fin-a-real-tournment-can-you-play-2-queens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fide.com/fide/handbook?id=124&view=article">FIDE rules (<i>En Passant</i> is rule 3.7, part d)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AboutDotComIntroTo1d4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AboutDotComIntroTo1d4_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Weeks" class="citation web cs1">Mark Weeks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080125081835/http://chess.about.com/od/improveyouropenings/ss/aa03c15_9.htm">"Chess Opening Tutorial : Introduction to 1.d4"</a>. about.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chess.about.com/od/improveyouropenings/ss/aa03c15_9.htm">the original</a> on 2008-01-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chess+Opening+Tutorial+%3A+Introduction+to+1.d4&rft.pub=about.com&rft.au=Mark+Weeks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchess.about.com%2Fod%2Fimproveyouropenings%2Fss%2Faa03c15_9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoltisTranspoTricks-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SoltisTranspoTricks_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoltis,_A.2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Soltis" title="Andrew Soltis">Soltis, A.</a> (2007). <i>Transpo Tricks in Chess</i>. Batsford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-9051-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-9051-0"><bdi>978-0-7134-9051-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transpo+Tricks+in+Chess&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-9051-0&rft.au=Soltis%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span> See review at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080418115252/http://www.chessville.com/reviews/TranspoTricks.htm">"Transpo Tricks in Chess – review"</a>. chessville.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessville.com/reviews/TranspoTricks.htm">the original</a> on 2008-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transpo+Tricks+in+Chess+%E2%80%93+review&rft.pub=chessville.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessville.com%2Freviews%2FTranspoTricks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brace-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brace_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward R. Brace, <i>Illustrated Dictionary of Chess</i> (Fodor's Travel Publications, 1978) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-50814-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-50814-4">978-0-679-50814-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1992). <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>The Oxford Companion to Chess</i></a> (second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866164-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866164-1"><bdi>978-0-19-866164-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866164-1&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscorner.com/tutorial/tactics/discovered/discovered.htm">Discovered Attack</a> Article at Chesscorner.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HooperWhyldp.113-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HooperWhyldp.113_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1992). <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>The Oxford Companion to Chess</i></a> (second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000hoop/page/113">113</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866164-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866164-1"><bdi>978-0-19-866164-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.pages=113&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866164-1&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golombekp.88-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Golombekp.88_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolombek1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Golombek" title="Harry Golombek">Golombek, Harry</a> (1977). <i>Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess</i>. Crown Publishing. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-53146-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-53146-4"><bdi>978-0-517-53146-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golombek%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Chess&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-517-53146-4&rft.aulast=Golombek&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vids2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vids2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skillshare.com/classes/Chess-MasterClass-Learn-to-Play-Chess/1192984645">"Chess Masterclass: Learn to Play Chess!"</a>. Skillshare.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chess+Masterclass%3A+Learn+to+Play+Chess%21&rft.pub=Skillshare.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skillshare.com%2Fclasses%2FChess-MasterClass-Learn-to-Play-Chess%2F1192984645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(News)" class="citation web cs1">(News), Chess com Webmaster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chess.com/article/view/chess-tactics--definitions-and-examples">"Chess Tactics – Definitions and Examples"</a>. <i>Chess.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chess.com&rft.atitle=Chess+Tactics+%E2%80%93+Definitions+and+Examples&rft.aulast=%28News%29&rft.aufirst=Chess+com+Webmaster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess.com%2Farticle%2Fview%2Fchess-tactics--definitions-and-examples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1699399">"Emil Szalanczy vs Thi Mai Hung Nguyen (2009) Sixth Sense"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emil+Szalanczy+vs+Thi+Mai+Hung+Nguyen+%282009%29+Sixth+Sense&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessgames.com%2Fperl%2Fchessgame%3Fgid%3D1699399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandolfini-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pandolfini_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandolfini1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Pandolfini" title="Bruce Pandolfini">Pandolfini, Bruce</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S2gI_mExCOoC&q=%22Pawn+storm%22&pg=PA179"><i>Chess thinking</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-79502-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-79502-3"><bdi>978-0-671-79502-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chess+thinking&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-671-79502-3&rft.aulast=Pandolfini&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS2gI_mExCOoC%26q%3D%2522Pawn%2Bstorm%2522%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward R. Brace, <i>An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess</i>, McKay, 1977, p. 276. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-50814-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-50814-7">0-679-50814-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrne J. Horton, <i>Dictionary of Modern Chess</i>, Philosophical Library, 1959, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/I._A._Horowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="I. A. Horowitz">I. A. Horowitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Reinfeld" title="Fred Reinfeld">Fred Reinfeld</a>, <i>Chess Traps, Pitfalls and Swindles</i>, Simon and Schuster, 1954, p. 12. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-21041-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-21041-6">0-671-21041-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Korn" title="Walter Korn">Walter Korn</a>, <i>The Brilliant Touch in Chess</i>, Dover Publications, 1966, p. 4. SBN 486-21615-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham Burgess, <i>The Mammoth Book of Chess</i>, Carroll & Graf, 1997, p. 489. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-0431-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-0431-4">0-7867-0431-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., Ali Mortazavi, <i>The Fine Art of Swindling</i>, Cadogan Books, 1996, p. 44. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85744-105-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85744-105-2">1-85744-105-2</a> (referring to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1272756">Em. Lasker–Ed. Lasker, New York 1924</a>, as a "celebrated swindle").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchard1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Pritchard_(chess_player)" title="David Pritchard (chess player)">Pritchard, D. B.</a> (1994), <i>The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants</i>, Games & Puzzles Publications, p. 107, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9524142-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9524142-0-9"><bdi>978-0-9524142-0-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Chess+Variants&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Games+%26+Puzzles+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-9524142-0-9&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+chess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_chess&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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Chess</i></a>; "Teaching the Rudiments of the Game, and Giving an Analysis of All the Recognized Openings" by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Howard Staunton</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/">ChessGames.com</a> – online chess database and community</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timkr.home.xs4all.nl/records/records.htm">Chess records</a> – details of longest game, most passed pawns, fewest captures etc.</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess/Sample_chess_game">A sample chess game</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>International organizations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fide.com/">FIDE</a> – <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">World Chess Federation</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handbook.fide.com/">Official rules – FIDE Laws of Chess</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratings.fide.com/top.phtml?list=men">FIDE list of top rated players</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iccf.com/">ICCF</a> – <a href="/wiki/International_Correspondence_Chess_Federation" title="International Correspondence Chess Federation">International Correspondence Chess Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203073334/http://www.chess-players.org/eng/index.html">ACP</a> – <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Chess_Professionals" title="Association of Chess Professionals">Association of Chess Professionals</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>News</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/">Chessbase news</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theweekinchess.com/">The Week in Chess</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Online play</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chess.com/">Chess.com</a> Play Online Against Human Players</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessfriends.com/">ChessFriends.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparkchess.com/">Sparkchess</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chess" title="Template:Chess"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chess" title="Template talk:Chess"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chess" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chess"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chess" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_theory" title="Chess theory">Chess theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_title" title="Chess title">Chess titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">Computer chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms" title="Glossary of computer chess terms">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess software">software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_chess_servers" title="List of Internet chess servers">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Rating system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_world_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE world rankings">world rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_(chess)" title="Norm (chess)">norms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § Score sheets" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Score sheets</span></a></dfn></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_museums" title="Category:Chess museums">Chess museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defence" title="Owen's Defence">Owen's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence,_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defence" title="Bogo-Indian Defence">Bogo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-coloured bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs rook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li> <li>Strategy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Chess_Championships" title="List of World Chess Championships">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other world championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li> <li>Computer chess championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chess" title="Category:Films about chess">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_chess" title="Category:Novels about chess">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_paintings" title="Category:Chess paintings">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_chess" title="Category:Poems about chess">poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_stories_about_chess" title="Category:Short stories about chess">short stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>Oxford Companion</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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