CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91353a3a7956fd37',cH: 'guVGzbKRbNB4hcG6AbWdCkRLDI.mp0kC032DMGwK7eo-1739789541-1.2.1.1-WhzYpH_lvGzJyTthWSP9MKlxbdbfS89L_JjHQoHTpTvY.zjJ_Wf6HeCz6Uqi0Jy9',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mainshock-aftershock%20effect&__cf_chl_tk=JCzZ3NFCzBfKfJ_Vkx_UHi5EzxbjZ0xXg3YOT5ZtNHk-1739789541-1.0.1.1-vpdWA2Hj0Jg3BqAEE.XFIUzBYsZWYbDr_v0CvaeC0CE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789541',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mainshock-aftershock%20effect&__cf_chl_f_tk=JCzZ3NFCzBfKfJ_Vkx_UHi5EzxbjZ0xXg3YOT5ZtNHk-1739789541-1.0.1.1-vpdWA2Hj0Jg3BqAEE.XFIUzBYsZWYbDr_v0CvaeC0CE",md: "k7eF3k6x.wGjOf4rHOeKqGbVSxKaYCITpio4XAy6nr0-1739789541-1.2.1.1-qJ5c1r.0k7KZz2dzxClZ6qXOJ2f7KTnAbTkMlkLEdMOXTg0IA1nAFDGvEjq8BxAbRJCZxBAyIIasOYYd5Gnhc8CNBFpOdNAwbG7Ohay1WJwti26IkuQwA6bPt9byReXM9HX8sbNdzeGmaBZ_8VnIOakRqflpBGtpN2yTYPeEBWu9RxmsxhDymsabltKhgKJg7_CgwHKYd_H2zPL.Ndf4TCLXpa.3NVpI2bOR6gR1iUXTpBpoM9ockULlZ6UctlO5gQDvPaE1McdJdeHsPbindc2JnOmVapvZ_ipnSID9zIGILHjBd93XrjsiybVYmTMFBdE99JzuCcCrNrNvjmxlqxdO4sgS_luaJL85WXQTHoKXxQ_AhUVqW2sxaiVDLdMJbOGdlH4syh6b6CiB7Jdp4EWWhq5utajS5ERa0r3gAy4XovXYN3vUsuxkbCjhdeNSvg6pCar3ebd9uVuQdzHC9CNG5gL8E1sMItQvWnAVmTlscSdYC6LSVPREkTpNsrDde21K7riEL8rzoEmEVFNRekpGz0nfCBfrmxgbKvIvqghNjkZAUIwzY426znSEK9nO2a.M9wwJNI9FqKvPYhlj3PCtuh3XQE74Krj4m1k1VzlQ0a0Ms.hgJ7SHwIOSr5b8ruAjsDxwQpjTNpjHXWqpjxLEJguCt58ZtetQOy2FkdsBEwOKnyRm06QClFBI2tqgaag1o_Difix6CsSJx5da1gsXuWpFa0yXpjLx7uuzGe3bP8DGSlWIlaGxrZb2WykTq1kAqK5TIXLsX3bLzWXM1xGFgCfM2RmpOt2vb5pKgD8auosu9unnkYk.wFNVv8YUMOrH9UoeJxB_TD797o03IOeQ0l3Ia18BdQoHzXXoWp3zsvdjwuTxsOsIhfzNcHc3nrWS72i3RjHAVQ8VNYkD7FHb25zQHHvZ9SqAFwU_FTraxU8_Yy3Y3W06h66T5qGU47Ee4PUdsH_GKoiPBuQGn.BMFZKhATQFse4eqbQNOak4cTxAOaITihhzL89vsYmdydYEH5s.xYcFFQJVWsAR3NElbZnMxom2t7vKOpx7rYbuLUotuZA0dex_8AxZ32TQ4azioXNlPYY21wROIQBihG6nJlqdTTIYiTw5CD7Z7T1Y4Hg5vqrBw5A8UYJzIgERzn4cnGUZ.DvaQa.SZwLoEJydb2nnFs0RDMQrfQqzkwftEBdgJKNEAZJcbcKL_8Yh3HzUs.Mo2WK78sW9gI6SGWKCEfAX23OIo0dHySiVECEblibBws64XQvdrH744pzL0dF9J8z3TwxZR1cN45AETKEL9vQfNGXajzlLVEf9uojFF8PNpEV5O2.A49MtO292j_D4.H9S4_oaStZRyMC0TE5UJuWyowviK.5w8BxsoD5YQRr5.TrVO45abSrdpuKJo3Nrty.RUJxHlRoTrUgZNktwrWFdPIS8aEn7kPbZ6AUMYWq_pCFgcTdOgxPNMRr6kdeldzsCEHYNBhiu07arx2M7PaGO2CUFpVkQWHDJp9l1P0wEueARD_Ldvq_nerxCs2mJT_Sc.IKO4g83OWIBLOmZzb3SrV9np9d9hV.16CQGgaQit8FJBz87pjPgZAUFXfDYuX5V3a7hzylYXAkBsPBYHD.qdUu2TxYdnl6eeq1mN30apmMPtkipYXg6mR5o0Ppp2Pv6alvnWdyq5fnwAxXaWR6VrkmviOKHzSH5I54_pNQOIq6A4J7AIGbDTt_xLLe20Twm.50Qrb8xxEaZ0eiEt55SIh_S2on2KaxHk_3C0SFPJ62sMNt22CzPPPoWkl4ZIt4K3B0ajK2mhkpklFO6m3T6vxlwW2v3tcPCzPNu5Yb4yCw7M31ZOvoc5p871FjNrT2ADHUXoDsKXDJNj7wGwn982VYKRwsqD0ZKOrOFYKbZ5aX2dlSMiCBDztuZYoMsXlKybrO0JjtFNcfXokgihFKEjW62UnIYy9rLablmL3QtfpBqYdM_6v.6uM9z0UptnItKr1uB5NCxqJ7hSQ",mdrd: "48JW1DOYYourAw6JFnu5bSXG1bnVM4lds9LaMj2QBmQ-1739789541-1.2.1.1-cBKNXMXXroRuNdspvrwR3EgDbnplhPHaeGNDVDKuQK1bwW.TQhsShk0dAXHdsX916FWWsP2k7DbiKu3ESsBXyHGWBNw6xuLhT7AF3aRSIRhhXhpd3C_0z9Tj.M1OBMkB0wq5iN3ihYUTWGVX6fBO8zgD0CeY1JnpBtLZQzPnCjD.mg.AYu9afoR9sjJENDKdLvw7tW8AlyeqSw0q4zSge_oHxUO5SxlbqRBxsUWcY1mFkQYuWY1vZpgey_XziHWjWhsjquzdXSZhKKcIPXFenlmGRb.izPzrzZvGDdLlsqPKNrCxGyH7mhIAqhif4oZtKnq2XuHLw99ITPui4DaeTAV2A_oFOyuYtkqrjQAJi6lDAzU5lsJvBoXyjwMrQTTz.60mF1ojUdpn78PuJ0u5tLvbFPoA.YKUKr5wcxWuAWmYl4oHprl2wjL5w.9FFO5AO.QbWfzGv8XdmjMk8HoyJCujzasE3s3Ae4hXYWZAf6fMWJgPgf7aJXHoQE1OUPixNs5KdmGQhqrgtB5.z2iA.xLcYY7hjfA3w_xMm9._EAj6ykoo0P6XukUUfvXnswEQIuVHJjSuE3vIagvT9BjGn6p2V6gkKBAquxUJTLcdySQLGevE_e2BqSttFnFv8IFHdSI3MUqktYTeMAmOgcF8Q.gqrdmvXRC6lpk_da.YnOlo_GGGebKOOz5aNOVU5boO6Wjy7UNhI5jRKiV6wn3GKcpQL4UD3OG5QvHJajAcvpOfGU3sZUR91jgpsC7QdhV1EwCHSlAxkOj8V8PKCPY25i83KaYf.vMfaDT6_U7YOSLXimVIEnFf3EvThWrpSJ.V1yzmbBy8SAiu16WhavqYpfV2uHDOaTQrM48m8v6Fi3WpcMFjScHgwnA_CohCKC9CRb0l7.emmwPBQYcJgQRRuboRvI73DDhE1NjgYERtwCP6OPzggwyNyFEe_K2PGn3I5QGJ9_ZNaBb4bZ_hWXilPQuWZsAFjNw4TMcHWipTeXSjbHmIGgFNTY9wDNMTAbG5fy3DHBY96goypHAfwoYeGOoeNwb8m.EdRlYyZMGwUgtTyK4uYVMWFtbvXHV2aIs8JDujgrfof1kq0fVbXlNUlQM.wsF5k1SNwbZe1exO.OHcPef4fC2uuZNmts2sUhHGhiv65Ys7ZB8Dse_Ao7P36GvQVme9RyBKlExsF8tN2VV78gUqz.kBot2bN6FafqeS09Oultzh4IopKWaquKA8g5u.ktE4gYPKPG7_vQD18igowRTGhrokXFTKPr.xq2nr3hBq1T7MQYbbQzxpcIRQ9XUkYlAt9h2bKDduillrlbcRyNreEm47wP1iJTUibsk.yKHrmRy7q5qzhSLgYP.pzvhQEJqUY_dpxoFxT89Xk_FP.N8uaiQildGqX5QtrGHuBETAHMo6WgBWHFYm82mDY6svf2PLByNxdgBtxuYM6gFeCC5m76OelGt9tUxV2MRGzdrjFnIwjPu88Yp8wBm.W.LCcsFi7ODK2zSiDZ_.IdrJ2GQ7M.2GH10UZ89O1m_paN9HZH1fHCbDGdqHGX08ThHPFbJ0xYEMRPmzLXts5zBGvPNiYCIc1NX1hPlWIPhuGXwWnew6PR2WCZWmKlK67oOFQ6Jd_3SEfOnGNwpGvyJIpa3DYOlb0AKyYHSik87VV_gktguzhJ0X8AS6iN40OcrwVuEu15a3qnjgo9pyBFmJnDxHG2akF2Cg168O.qcmYsKR.6t2sIWVUmN7rwy44N5g7C7_hYyI7iCpsASgwMB8TlFUIsQM.b2QxiFj2qOimU4zxNE9gmtqMoeuK7dKJMDYto6XuUMKxhRW4lyHFiGn6uUUVzySsVhumz_AHkrZCR5ho6DD0D6szDD15ba8CSQjTaJlT3x3FNEqcATahWui7Al7ndbzu6KcBi39EXaAC0E796DYsKPi0trw88ByRk21yzGE9dx07x8lTFarh5IaZq.axpr.ZKUU7vK.b6sSSbo3I5xoiRWX_5BirnieTw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91353a3a7956fd37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=mainshock-aftershock%20effect&__cf_chl_rt_tk=JCzZ3NFCzBfKfJ_Vkx_UHi5EzxbjZ0xXg3YOT5ZtNHk-1739789541-1.0.1.1-vpdWA2Hj0Jg3BqAEE.XFIUzBYsZWYbDr_v0CvaeC0CE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>