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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reduced_freedoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduced_freedoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Reduced freedoms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduced_freedoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fewer_checkpoints_and_roadblocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fewer_checkpoints_and_roadblocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Fewer checkpoints and roadblocks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fewer_checkpoints_and_roadblocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Loss of land </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_medical_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_medical_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Health and medical services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_medical_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rights,_freedom_and_mobility_of_Palestinians_working_in_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights,_freedom_and_mobility_of_Palestinians_working_in_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Rights, freedom and mobility of Palestinians working in Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rights,_freedom_and_mobility_of_Palestinians_working_in_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Economic changes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Legality </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legality subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations_Security_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_Security_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 United Nations Security Council </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_Security_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Court_of_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Court_of_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 International Court of Justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Court_of_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinions_of_the_barrier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinions_of_the_barrier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Opinions of the barrier </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opinions_of_the_barrier-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Opinions of the barrier subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Opinions_of_the_barrier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Israeli opinions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Palestinian opinions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_International_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_International_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Other International opinions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_International_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Red_Cross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Red_Cross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.1 The Red Cross </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Red_Cross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.2 Human rights organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Council_of_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Council_of_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.3 World Council of Churches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Council_of_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.4 United States opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.5 European Union opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4.6 Canadian opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Border_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Border opinions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_Israeli_apartheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_Israeli_apartheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Relation to Israeli apartheid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_Israeli_apartheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art,_books,_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art,_books,_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Art, books, film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art,_books,_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_barriers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_barriers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Other barriers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_barriers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Maps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_news_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_news_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 General news resources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_news_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_government_and_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_government_and_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Israeli government and courts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_government_and_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations_and_International_Court_of_Justice_rulings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_and_International_Court_of_Justice_rulings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 United Nations and International Court of Justice rulings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_and_International_Court_of_Justice_rulings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Links_to_articles_opposing_the_barrier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links_to_articles_opposing_the_barrier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.5 Links to articles opposing the barrier </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Links_to_articles_opposing_the_barrier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Links_to_articles_in_favor_of_the_barrier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links_to_articles_in_favor_of_the_barrier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.6 Links to articles in favor of the barrier </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Links_to_articles_in_favor_of_the_barrier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">West Bank barrier</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجدار الإسرائيلي في الضفة الغربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدار الإسرائيلي في الضفة الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ইসরায়েলি পশ্চিম তীরের প্রতিবন্ধকতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসরায়েলি পশ্চিম তীরের প্রতিবন্ধকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_de_Cisjord%C3%A0nia" title="Mur de Cisjordània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mur de Cisjordània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelsk%C3%A1_bezpe%C4%8Dnostn%C3%AD_bari%C3%A9ra" title="Izraelská bezpečnostní bariéra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izraelská bezpečnostní bariéra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_Israelaidd_y_Lan_Orllewinol" title="Mur Israelaidd y Lan Orllewinol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mur Israelaidd y Lan Orllewinol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_separationsbarriere" title="Israels separationsbarriere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Israels separationsbarriere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelische_Sperranlagen_(Westjordanland)" title="Israelische Sperranlagen (Westjordanland) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Israelische Sperranlagen (Westjordanland)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%8C%CF%87%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ισραηλινό φράγμα της Δυτικής Όχθης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισραηλινό φράγμα της Δυτικής Όχθης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrera_israel%C3%AD_de_Cisjordania" title="Barrera israelí de Cisjordania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barrera israelí de Cisjordania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisjordania_Murego" title="Cisjordania Murego – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cisjordania Murego" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zisjordaniako_israeldar_harresia" title="Zisjordaniako israeldar harresia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zisjordaniako israeldar harresia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دیوار حایل اسرائیل در کرانه باختری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوار حایل اسرائیل در کرانه باختری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barri%C3%A8re_de_s%C3%A9paration_isra%C3%A9lienne" title="Barrière de séparation israélienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barrière de séparation israélienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelyske_barri%C3%AAre_(Westjordaanl%C3%A2n)" title="Israelyske barriêre (Westjordaanlân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Israelyske barriêre (Westjordaanlân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98_%EC%9A%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%A8%EA%B0%95_%EC%84%9C%EC%95%88_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9E%A5%EB%B2%BD" title="이스라엘 요르단강 서안 지구 분리 장벽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스라엘 요르단강 서안 지구 분리 장벽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B9_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Իսրայելական բաժանիչ արգելապատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսրայելական բաժանիչ արգելապատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelska_sigurnosna_ograda" title="Izraelska sigurnosna ograda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izraelska sigurnosna ograda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembok_Pemisah_Israel" title="Tembok Pemisah Israel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tembok 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Separation barrier built by Israel inside and around the West Bank since 2000</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrier_route_July_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Barrier_route_July_2011.png/220px-Barrier_route_July_2011.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="605" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Barrier_route_July_2011.png/330px-Barrier_route_July_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Barrier_route_July_2011.png/440px-Barrier_route_July_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2748" data-file-height="7554" /></a><figcaption>The barrier route as of July 2011: 438 km (272 mi) finished, 58 km (36 mi) under construction, 212 km (132 mi) planned</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-barrier_June_2007-OCHAoPt.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Jerusalem-barrier_June_2007-OCHAoPt.jpeg/220px-Jerusalem-barrier_June_2007-OCHAoPt.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Jerusalem-barrier_June_2007-OCHAoPt.jpeg/330px-Jerusalem-barrier_June_2007-OCHAoPt.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Jerusalem-barrier_June_2007-OCHAoPt.jpeg/440px-Jerusalem-barrier_June_2007-OCHAoPt.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>The barrier in Jerusalem, 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AbuDisWall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AbuDisWall.jpg/220px-AbuDisWall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AbuDisWall.jpg/330px-AbuDisWall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AbuDisWall.jpg/440px-AbuDisWall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>The barrier between <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, June 2004</figcaption></figure> The West Bank barrier, West Bank wall or the West Bank separation barrier,<a href="#cite_note-Leuenberger_2009-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eidelman_2011_pp._95–114-2">[2]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Separation_barrier" title="Separation barrier">separation barrier</a> built by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> and inside parts of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. Israel describes the wall as a necessary security barrier against <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a>; whereas <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> describe it as an element of <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Israel" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> and a representation of <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and apartheid">Israeli apartheid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> who often call it "Wall of Apartheid".<a href="#cite_note-palestinianname-4">[4]</a> At a total length of 708 kilometres (440 mi) upon completion, the route traced by the barrier is more than double the length of the Green Line, with 15% of its length running along the Green Line or inside Israel, and the remaining 85% running as much as 18 kilometres (11 mi) inside the West Bank, effectively isolating about 9% of the land and approximately 25,000 Palestinians from the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The barrier was built by Israel following a wave of Palestinian political violence and incidents of terrorism inside Israel during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>, which began in September 2000 and ended in February 2005.<a href="#cite_note-ISF-6">[6]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Israeli government</a> cites a decreased number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">suicide bombings carried out from the West Bank</a> as evidence of its efficacy, after such attacks fell from 73 between 2000 and July 2003 (the completion of the first continuous segment) to 12 between August 2003 and the end of 2006.<a href="#cite_note-IMFA1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-McClatchy-8">[8]</a> While the barrier was initially presented as a temporary security measure at a time of heightened tensions, it has since been associated with a future political border between Israel and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The barrier has drawn criticism from Palestinians, human rights groups, and members of the international community, who have all argued that it serves as evidence of <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank">Israel's intent to annex Palestinian land</a> under the guise of security.<a href="#cite_note-BTSec-10">[10]</a> It has also been alleged that the construction of the wall aims to undermine the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a> by unilaterally establishing new <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> borders.<a href="#cite_note-Guard-Stone1-11">[11]</a> Key points of dispute are that it substantially deviates eastward from the Green Line, severely restricts the travel of many Palestinians, and impairs their ability to commute to work within the West Bank<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> or to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Guard-Stone2-13">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Construction_of_a_Wall_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory">an advisory opinion</a> finding that the barrier qualifies as a <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">violation of international law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> adopted a resolution that charged Israel's building of the barrier to be a violation of international law and demanded its removal by a vote of 144–4 with 12 abstentions.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The walled sections of the barrier have become a <a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Wall_graffiti_art" title="West Bank Wall graffiti art">canvas for graffiti art</a>, with its Palestinian side illustrating opposition to the barrier, Palestinian resistance, their right to return, as well as <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> in general.<a href="#cite_note-Leuenberger_2009-1">[1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bethlehem_Wall_Graffiti_-_Ich_bin_ein_Berliner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bethlehem_Wall_Graffiti_-_Ich_bin_ein_Berliner.jpg/220px-Bethlehem_Wall_Graffiti_-_Ich_bin_ein_Berliner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bethlehem_Wall_Graffiti_-_Ich_bin_ein_Berliner.jpg/330px-Bethlehem_Wall_Graffiti_-_Ich_bin_ein_Berliner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bethlehem_Wall_Graffiti_-_Ich_bin_ein_Berliner.jpg/440px-Bethlehem_Wall_Graffiti_-_Ich_bin_ein_Berliner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti on the road to <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> in the West Bank stating "<a href="/wiki/Ich_bin_ein_Berliner" title="Ich bin ein Berliner">Ich bin ein Berliner</a>"</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, descriptions include: "separation fence" (<span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ab\/He-Gader_Hahafrada.ogg\/He-Gader_Hahafrada.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u05d2\u05d3\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05d3\u05d4"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"He-Gader Hahafrada.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/He-Gader_Hahafrada.ogg/He-Gader_Hahafrada.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">גדר ההפרדה</a><a href="/wiki/File:He-Gader_Hahafrada.ogg" title="File:He-Gader Hahafrada.ogg">ⓘ</a>, Geder HaHafrada); "separation wall" (Hebrew: חומת ההפרדה, Ḥomat HaHafrada) and "security fence" (גדר הביטחון, Geder HaBitaḥon).<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, it is called "wall of apartheid"/"racial segregation wall"<a href="#cite_note-palestinianname-4">[4]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ca\/ArWestBankBarrier.ogg\/ArWestBankBarrier.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ArWestBankBarrier.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/ArWestBankBarrier.ogg/ArWestBankBarrier.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">جدار الفصل العنصري</a><a href="/wiki/File:ArWestBankBarrier.ogg" title="File:ArWestBankBarrier.ogg">ⓘ</a>, jidār al-faṣl al-‘unṣuriyy, indicating an allegation of <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and apartheid">Israeli apartheid</a>. In English, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s style guide uses the terms "barrier" (sometimes "separation barrier" or "West Bank barrier")<a href="#cite_note-bbc_Key_terms-19">[19]</a> as do <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> PBS<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs uses the phrase "security fence" in English.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> has used the term "wall", explaining that "the other expressions sometimes employed are no more accurate if understood in the physical sense."<a href="#cite_note-ICI-Advise-24">[24]</a> It is also referred to as the "Apartheid Wall" or "Apartheid Fence" in a derogatory manner.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alatout_2006-27">[27]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Seam_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Seam zone">Seam zone</a>" (Hebrew: מרחב התפר) refers to the land between the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreement_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Armistice Agreement Line">1949 Armistice Agreement Line</a> and the fence. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BarbedWireFence1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BarbedWireFence1.jpg/220px-BarbedWireFence1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BarbedWireFence1.jpg/330px-BarbedWireFence1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BarbedWireFence1.jpg/440px-BarbedWireFence1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Route 443 near <a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Ze%27ev" title="Giv'at Ze'ev">Giv'at Ze'ev</a> Junction, with pyramid-shaped stacks of barbed wire forming a section of the Israeli West Bank barrier</figcaption></figure> The barrier is described by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Forces</a> as a "multi-layered composite obstacle", parts of it consisting of a 9 metres (30 ft) high concrete wall,<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[28]</a> while other stretches consist of a multi-layered fence system, with three fences with pyramid-shaped stacks of barbed wire on the two outer fences and a lighter-weight fence with intrusion detection equipment in the middle; an anti-vehicle ditch; patrol roads on both sides; and a smooth strip of sand for "intrusion tracking".<a href="#cite_note-securityfence-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Where the multi-layered fence system is employed, it contains an exclusion area of 60-metre (200 ft) in width on average,<a href="#cite_note-HCF-31">[31]</a> with some sections having an exclusion area that reaches up to 100 metres (330 ft).<a href="#cite_note-btselem_behind_barrier-32">[32]</a> The concrete wall has a width of 3 metres (9.8 ft),[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] and the wall is 9 metres (30 ft) high.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Route">Route</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bank_Fence_South_Hebron.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/West_Bank_Fence_South_Hebron.JPG/220px-West_Bank_Fence_South_Hebron.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/West_Bank_Fence_South_Hebron.JPG/330px-West_Bank_Fence_South_Hebron.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/West_Bank_Fence_South_Hebron.JPG/440px-West_Bank_Fence_South_Hebron.JPG 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Israeli West Bank barrier – North of <a href="/wiki/Meitar" title="Meitar">Meitar</a>, near the southwest corner of the West Bank, in 2006</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements#Cease-fire_line_vs._permanent_border" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements § Cease-fire line vs. permanent border</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pesah_213.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pesah_213.jpg/220px-Pesah_213.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pesah_213.jpg/330px-Pesah_213.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pesah_213.jpg/440px-Pesah_213.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>The barrier between northern <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoadA1Road4370JunctionAl-IssawiyaJunctionDec032022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RoadA1Road4370JunctionAl-IssawiyaJunctionDec032022.jpg/220px-RoadA1Road4370JunctionAl-IssawiyaJunctionDec032022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RoadA1Road4370JunctionAl-IssawiyaJunctionDec032022.jpg/330px-RoadA1Road4370JunctionAl-IssawiyaJunctionDec032022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RoadA1Road4370JunctionAl-IssawiyaJunctionDec032022.jpg/440px-RoadA1Road4370JunctionAl-IssawiyaJunctionDec032022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel%E2%80%93Palestine)" title="Highway 1 (Israel–Palestine)">Highway 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Route_4370" title="Route 4370">Route 4370</a> Junction (<a href="/wiki/Isawiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Isawiya">Al-Issawiya</a> Junction) – one can see the barrier between the Israeli and the Palestinian lanes.</figcaption></figure> The barrier runs partly along or near the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements#With_Jordan" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Jordanian–Israeli armistice line</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">"Green Line"</a>) and partly through the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli-occupied West Bank</a> diverging eastward from the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">armistice line</a> by up to 20 km (12 mi) to include on the western side several of the areas with concentrations of highly populated <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, the Ariel Bloc (<a href="/wiki/Ariel_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel (city)">Ariel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnei_Shomron" title="Karnei Shomron">Karnei Shomron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedumim" title="Kedumim">Kedumim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immanuel (town)">Immanuel</a> etc.),<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Gush_Etzion" title="Gush Etzion">Gush Etzion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Givat_Ze%27ev" class="mw-redirect" title="Givat Ze'ev">Givat Ze'ev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oranit" title="Oranit">Oranit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maale_Adumim" class="mw-redirect" title="Maale Adumim">Maale Adumim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-OCHAoPt_update_5-35">[35]</a> The barrier nearly encircles some Palestinian towns, about 20% follows the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">armistice line</a>,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and a projected 77,000 ha (191,000 acres) or about 13.5% of the West Bank area is on the west side of the wall.<a href="#cite_note-UNOCHA-37">[37]</a> According to a study of the April 2006 route by the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights organization">human rights organization</a> <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>, 8.5% of the West Bank area will be on the Israeli side of the barrier after completion, and 3.4% partly or completely surrounded on the eastern side.<a href="#cite_note-BTselem-stats-38">[38]</a> Some 27,520 to 31,000 Palestinians will be captured on the Israeli side.<a href="#cite_note-BTselem-stats-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-OCHAoPt_Update_2006-39">[39]</a> Another 124,000, on the other hand, will effectively be controlled and isolated. Some 230,000 Palestinians in Jerusalem will be placed on the West Bank side.<a href="#cite_note-OCHAoPt_Update_2006-39">[39]</a> Most of the barrier[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] was built at the northern and western edges of the West Bank, mostly beyond the Green Line and created 9 <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">enclaves</a>, which enclosed 15,783 ha (39,000 acres). An additional barrier, circa 10 km long, run south of Ramallah.<a href="#cite_note-OCHAoPt_Preliminary_analysis-40">[40]</a> Israel states that the <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> does not permit putting the barrier along the Green Line in some places because hills or tall buildings on the Palestinian side would make the barrier ineffective against terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The International Court of Justice states that in such cases it is only legal to build the barrier inside Israel. The barrier route has been challenged in court and changed several times. Argument presented to the court has reiterated that the <a href="/wiki/Cease-fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cease-fire">cease-fire</a> line of 1949 was negotiated "without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines" (Art. VI.9).<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2></div> In 1992, the idea of creating a physical barrier between the Israeli and Palestinian populations was proposed by then-prime minister <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, following the murder of an Israeli teenage girl in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Rabin said that Israel must "take <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>" in order to minimize friction between the peoples.<a href="#cite_note-Makovsky-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tabarani-44">[44]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] Following an outbreak of violent incidents in Gaza in October 1994, Rabin said: "We have to decide on separation as a philosophy. There has to be a clear border. Without demarcating the lines, whoever wants to swallow 1.8 million Arabs will just bring greater support for <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Makovsky-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tabarani-44">[44]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] Following an attack on <a href="/wiki/HaSharon_Junction" title="HaSharon Junction">HaSharon Junction</a>, near the city of <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a>, Rabin made his goals more specific: "This path must lead to a separation, though not according to the borders prior to 1967. We want to reach a separation between us and them. We do not want a majority of the Jewish residents of the state of Israel, 98% of whom live within the borders of sovereign Israel, including a united Jerusalem, to be subject to terrorism."<a href="#cite_note-Tabarani-44">[44]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-Routledge-45">[45]</a> In 1994, the first section of a barrier (slabs of concrete contiguous for miles) was constructed. The section follows <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">the border</a> between <a href="/wiki/Bat_Hefer" title="Bat Hefer">Bat Hefer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-First_section-46">[46]</a> In 1995, the Shahal commission was established by Yitzhak Rabin to discuss how to implement a barrier separating Israelis and Palestinians. Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, prior to the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_2000_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp David 2000 Summit">Camp David 2000 Summit</a> with <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, vowed to build a separation barrier, stating that it is "essential to the Palestinian nation in order to foster its national identity and independence without being dependent on the State of Israel".<a href="#cite_note-Makovsky-43">[43]</a> In November 2000, during Israeli-Palestinian <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">peace negotiations in Washington</a>, Prime Minister Ehud Barak approved financing of a 74 km (46 mi) fence between the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ara" title="Wadi Ara">Wadi Ara</a> region and <a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-btselem_behind_barrier-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-unispal.un.org-47">[47]</a> Not until 14 April 2002, the Cabinet of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> decided to implement the plan and establish a permanent barrier in the <a href="/wiki/Seam_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Seam Area">Seam Area</a>. On 23 June 2002, the Ariel Sharon Government definitely approved the plan in principle<a href="#cite_note-btselem_behind_barrier-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-unispal.un.org-47">[47]</a> and work at the barrier began. At the end of 2002, due to government inaction, several localities who suffered the most from lack of a border barrier had already started to build the barrier using their own funds directly on the green-line.<a href="#cite_note-Gilboa-48">[48]</a> By 2003, 180 km (112 mi) had been completed and in 2004, Israel started the southern part of the barrier.<a href="#cite_note-ICJ_ruling-49">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside_the_West_Bank_on_the_West_Bank_barrier.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Inside_the_West_Bank_on_the_West_Bank_barrier.JPG/220px-Inside_the_West_Bank_on_the_West_Bank_barrier.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Inside_the_West_Bank_on_the_West_Bank_barrier.JPG/330px-Inside_the_West_Bank_on_the_West_Bank_barrier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Inside_the_West_Bank_on_the_West_Bank_barrier.JPG/440px-Inside_the_West_Bank_on_the_West_Bank_barrier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Inside the West Bank on the West Bank barrier</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bank_Barrier_Palestine_side.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/West_Bank_Barrier_Palestine_side.JPG/220px-West_Bank_Barrier_Palestine_side.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/West_Bank_Barrier_Palestine_side.JPG/330px-West_Bank_Barrier_Palestine_side.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/West_Bank_Barrier_Palestine_side.JPG/440px-West_Bank_Barrier_Palestine_side.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>West Bank Barrier, Palestinian side</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BeitSurikJune032022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/BeitSurikJune032022.jpg/220px-BeitSurikJune032022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/BeitSurikJune032022.jpg/330px-BeitSurikJune032022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/BeitSurikJune032022.jpg/440px-BeitSurikJune032022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3771" data-file-height="2515" /></a><figcaption>The barrier and behind it <a href="/wiki/Beit_Surik" title="Beit Surik">Beit Surik</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Beit_Surik_Case&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Beit Surik Case (page does not exist)">"The Beit Surik Case (HCJ 2056/04)"</a> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%92%22%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B" class="extiw" title="he:בג"ץ בית סוריכ">HE</a>] of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> in 30 June 2004 set the standards of proportionality between Israeli security and the injury to the Palestinian residents and resulted in a change in the route of the barrier.</figcaption></figure> In February 2004, the Israeli government said it would review the route of the barrier in response to US and Palestinian concerns. In particular, Israeli cabinet members said modifications would be made to reduce the number of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_checkpoint" title="Israeli checkpoint">checkpoints</a> Palestinians had to cross, and especially to reduce Palestinian hardship in areas such as the city of <a href="/wiki/Qalqilyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalqilyah">Qalqilyah</a> which the barrier completely surrounds. On February 20, 2005, the Israeli cabinet approved the barrier's route on the same day it approved the execution of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">Gaza disengagement plan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AP_Israel_approves-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_210205-51">[51]</a> The length of the route was increased to 670 km (416 mi) (about twice the length of the Green Line) and would leave about 10% of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem and nearly 50,000 Palestinians on the Israeli side.<a href="#cite_note-OCHAoPt_update_5-35">[35]</a> It also put the large settlement <a href="/wiki/Maale_Adumim" class="mw-redirect" title="Maale Adumim">Maale Adumim</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Etzion" title="Gush Etzion">Gush Etzion</a> bloc on the Israeli side of the barrier, effectively annexing them.<a href="#cite_note-AP_Israel_approves-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_210205-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The final route, when realized, closes the Wall separating East Jerusalem, including Maale Adumim, from the West Bank. Before, the exact route of the barrier had not been determined, and it had been alleged by opponents that the barrier route would encircle the <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samarian highlands</a> of the West Bank, separating them from the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley_(Middle_East)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan Valley (Middle East)">Jordan valley</a>. In June 2004, in exchange for Finance Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's support Israel's planned withdrawal from Gaza, Prime Minister Sharon pledged to build an extension of the barrier to the east of the settlement Ariel to be completed before the finish of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">withdrawal from the Gaza Strip</a>. Despite the ICJ ruling that the wall beyond the Green Line is illegal, Ariel Sharon reiterated on September 8, 2004, that the large settlement blocs of Ariel, Ma'aleh Adumim and Gush Etzion will be on the Israeli side of the Barrier. He also decided that the Barrier would run east of Ariel, but its connection with the main fence be postponed.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Israel appropriated Palestinian private land to build the fence upon and started preparations for constructing the wall to the farthest point ever inside the West Bank, 22 km (14 mi) beyond the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long, and 100 m (330 ft) wide.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz_Ariel_fence-54">[54]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_(4261536735).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg/230px-Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg/345px-Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg/460px-Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2365" /></a><figcaption>Israeli West Bank barrier near <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> In 2005, the Israeli Supreme Court made reference to the conditions and history that led to the building of the barrier. The Court described the history of violence against Israeli citizens since the breakout of the Second Intifada and the loss of life that ensued on the Israeli side. The court ruling also cited the attempts Israel had made to defend its citizens, including "military operations" carried out against "terrorist acts", and stated that these actions "did not provide a sufficient answer to the immediate need to stop the severe acts of terrorism. ... Despite all these measures, the terror did not come to an end. The attacks did not cease. Innocent people paid with both life and limb. This is the background behind the decision to construct the separation fence (Id., at p. 815)."<a href="#cite_note-HCF-31">[31]</a> In 2006, 362 km (224.9 mi) of the barrier had been completed, 88 km (54.7 mi) was under construction and 253 km (157.2 mi) had not yet been started.<a href="#cite_note-OCHAoPt_Update_2006-39">[39]</a> On April 30, 2006, the route was revised by a cabinet decision, following a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">suicide bombing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Ariel_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel (city)">Ariel</a> area, the new route corrects an anomaly of the previous route that would have left thousands of Palestinians on the Israeli side. The <a href="/wiki/Alfei_Menashe" title="Alfei Menashe">Alfei Menashe</a> settlement bloc was reduced in size, and the new plan leaves three groups of Palestinian houses on the Palestinian side of the fence. The barrier's route in the Jerusalem area will leave <a href="/wiki/Beit_Iksa" title="Beit Iksa">Beit Iksa</a> on the Palestinian side; and <a href="/wiki/Jaba%27,_Jerusalem" title="Jaba', Jerusalem">Jaba</a> on the Israeli side, but with a crossing to the Palestinian side at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzurif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzurif (page does not exist)">Tzurif</a>. Further changes were made to the route around <a href="/wiki/Eshkolot" title="Eshkolot">Eshkolot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metzadot_Yehuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Metzadot Yehuda">Metzadot Yehuda</a>, and the route from Metzadot to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Choled&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Har Choled (page does not exist)">Har Choled</a> was approved.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 2012, 440 km (273.4 mi) (62%) of the barrier had been completed.<a href="#cite_note-B'Tselem-59">[59]</a> In September 2014, eight years after approving the 45 km stretch of barrier enclosing Gush Etzion, no progress had been made on it, and Israel reopened the debate. The fence is scheduled to go through the national park, the Nahal Rafaim valley, and the Palestinian village of <a href="/wiki/Battir" title="Battir">Battir</a>. The Israeli land appropriated in <a href="/wiki/Gva%27ot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gva'ot">Gva'ot</a> would be on the Palestinian side of the barrier.<a href="#cite_note-gush-60">[60]</a> On 21 September 2014, the government voted to not reauthorize the barrier in the Gush Etzion area.<a href="#cite_note-jpost.com-61">[61]</a> In 2022, 45 km (28.0 mi) of the barrier that had been built as a multi-layered fence were replaced by new sections of the 9-meter high concrete wall.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effectiveness">Effectiveness</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:20.5em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">Part of a series on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.2em;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1978</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1991</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1993 / 95</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Concerning_the_Redeployment_in_Hebron" title="Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron">Hebron Protocol</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">The Clinton Parameters</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2001</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road Map</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Agreement on Movement and Access">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2007</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Mitchell-led talks</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2010–11</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Kerry-led talks</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;">2013–14</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Primary concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.2em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Israel" title="Borders of Israel">Final borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Palestinian enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Jewish state</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Security concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist political violence</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Secondary concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_Israel" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in Israel">Places of worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Electric_Corporation#Palestinian_territories" title="Israel Electric Corporation">Electricity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">International brokers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.2em;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;padding:0.5em 0 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">The "Quartet"</a> <div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.0em;"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;padding:0.5em 0 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li></ul></div></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Proposals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.2em;;padding-top:0.4em;margin-left:1.75em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One-state_solution" title="One-state solution">One-state solution</a>: <div class="hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a> <a href="/wiki/Elon_Peace_Plan" title="Elon Peace Plan">Elon Peace Plan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">Two-state solution</a>: <div class="hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;line-height:1.15em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a> <a href="/wiki/Allon_Plan" title="Allon Plan">Allon Plan</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative" title="Arab Peace Initiative">Arab Peace Initiative</a> <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieberman_Plan" title="Lieberman Plan">Lieberman Plan</a> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Peace_Initiative" title="Israeli Peace Initiative">Israeli Peace Initiative</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Prisoners%27_Document" title="Palestinian Prisoners' Document">Palestinian Prisoners' Document</a> <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump Peace Plan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-state_solution" title="Three-state solution">Three-state solution</a> </li> <li>Israeli unilateral plans: <div class="hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hafrada" title="Hafrada">Hafrada</a> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Disengagement</a> <a href="/wiki/Realignment_plan" title="Realignment plan">Realignment</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_peace_projects" title="Arab–Israeli peace projects">Projects</a> / groups / <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding:0.15em 0 0.2em;;padding-top:0.4em;margin-left:1.75em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_peace_projects" title="Arab–Israeli peace projects">Peace-orientated projects</a> <div class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em;"><ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_economic_peace_efforts" title="Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts">Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peace_initiative" title="Valley of Peace initiative">Valley of Peace</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_economic_integration" title="Middle East economic integration">Middle East economic integration</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Middle_East_Peace" title="Alliance for Middle East Peace">Alliance for Middle East Peace</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Peres_Center_for_Peace" title="Peres Center for Peace">Peres Center for Peace</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Template:Israeli–Palestinian peace process"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Template talk:Israeli–Palestinian peace process"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli–Palestinian peace process"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Suicide bombings have decreased since the construction of the barrier.<a href="#cite_note-McClatchy-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Israeli officials (including the head of the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>) quoted in the newspaper <a href="/wiki/Maariv_(newspaper)" title="Maariv (newspaper)">Maariv</a> have said that in the areas where the barrier was complete, the number of hostile infiltrations has decreased to almost zero. Maariv also stated that Palestinian militants, including a senior member of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad</a>, had confirmed that the barrier made it much harder to conduct attacks inside Israel. Since the completion of the fence in the area of <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qalqilyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalqilyah">Qalqilyah</a> in June 2003, there have been no successful attacks from those areas. All attacks were intercepted or the suicide bombers detonated prematurely.<a href="#cite_note-Makovsky-43">[43]</a> In a March 23, 2008 interview, Palestinian Islamic Jihad leader <a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Shalah" title="Ramadan Shalah">Ramadan Shalah</a> complained to the <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatari</a> newspaper <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sharq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sharq (page does not exist)">Al-Sharq</a> that the separation barrier "limits the ability of the resistance to arrive deep within [Israeli territory] to carry out suicide bombing attacks, but the resistance has not surrendered or become helpless, and is looking for other ways to cope with the requirements of every stage" of the intifada.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Other factors are also cited as causes for the decline. According to <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>, a 2006 report by the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Beit" class="mw-redirect" title="Shin Beit">Shin Beit</a> concluded that "[t]he fence does make it harder for them [terrorists]" but that attacks in 2005 decreased due to increased pursuing of Palestinian militants by the Israeli army and intelligence organizations, Hamas's increased political activity, and a truce among Palestinian militant groups in the Palestinian Territories. Haaretz reported, "[t]he security fence is no longer mentioned as the major factor in preventing suicide bombings, mainly because the terrorists have found ways to bypass it."<a href="#cite_note-Shin_Bet_Truce-64">[64]</a> Former Israeli Secretary of Defence <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a> says that the reduction in Palestinian violence is largely due to the IDF's entry into the West Bank in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Arens-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_on_Palestinians">Effects on Palestinians</h2></div> The barrier has many effects on Palestinians including reduced freedoms, reduction of the number of <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_checkpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Defense Forces checkpoint">Israel Defense Forces checkpoints</a> and road closures, loss of land, increased difficulty in accessing medical and educational services in Israel,<a href="#cite_note-Stratton07-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Qato07-67">[67]</a> restricted access to water sources, and economic effects.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduced_freedoms">Reduced freedoms</h3></div> In a 2005 report, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> stated that: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">... it is difficult to overstate the humanitarian impact of the Barrier. The route inside the West Bank severs communities, people's access to services, livelihoods and religious and cultural amenities. In addition, plans for the Barrier's exact route and crossing points through it are often not fully revealed until days before construction commences. This has led to considerable anxiety amongst Palestinians about how their future lives will be impacted. ... The land between the Barrier and the Green Line constitutes some of the most fertile in the West Bank. It is currently the home for 49,400 West Bank Palestinians living in 38 villages and towns.<a href="#cite_note-humanitarianinfo_Rprt05-69">[69]</a></blockquote> An often-quoted example of the effects of the barrier is the Palestinian town of Qalqilyah, a city of around 45,000, which is surrounded almost on all sides by the barrier. One 8 meter-high concrete section of this wall follows the Green Line between the city and the nearby Trans-Israel Highway. According to the BBC, this section, referred to as an "anti-sniper wall", is intended to prevent gun attacks against Israeli motorists on the Trans-Israel Highway.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Q&A_September_2005-70">[70]</a> The city is accessible through a military checkpoint on the main road from the east, and a tunnel built in September 2004 on the south side connects Qalqilyah with the adjacent village of <a href="/wiki/Habla" class="mw-redirect" title="Habla">Habla</a>. In 2005, the Israeli Supreme Court ordered the government to change the route of the barrier in this area to ease movement of Palestinians between Qalqilyah and five surrounding villages. In the same ruling, the court rejected the arguments that the fence must be built only on the Green Line. The ruling cited the topography of the terrain, security considerations, and sections 43 and 52 of The Hague Regulations 1907 and Article 53 of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a> as reasons for this rejection.<a href="#cite_note-HCF-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg/220px-Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg/330px-Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg/440px-Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian children running towards the barrier, August 2004</figcaption></figure> In early October 2003, the IDF OC <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Central_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Central Command">Central Command</a> declared the area between the separation barrier in the northern section of the West Bank (Stage 1) and the Green Line a closed military area for an indefinite period. New directives stated that every Palestinian over the age of twelve living in the enclaves created in the closed area have to obtain a "permanent resident permit" from the Civil Administration to enable them to continue to live in their homes, approximately 27,250 people in all. Other residents of the West Bank have to obtain special permits to enter the area.<a href="#cite_note-BTselem-stats-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fewer_checkpoints_and_roadblocks">Fewer checkpoints and roadblocks</h3></div> In June 2004, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> reported that the reduced Israeli military incursions in <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a> have prompted efforts to rebuild damaged streets and buildings and a gradual return to a semblance of normality, and in a letter<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> dated October 25, 2004, from the Israeli mission to <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a>, Israel's government pointed out that a number of restrictions east of the barrier have been lifted as a result of it, including a reduction in checkpoints from 71 to 47 and roadblocks from 197 to 111. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> reports that, for some Palestinians who are Israeli citizens living in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Arab">Israeli Arab</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Umm_el-Fahm" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm el-Fahm">Umm el-Fahm</a> (population 42,000) near Jenin, the barrier has "significantly improved their lives" because, on one hand, it prevents would-be thieves or terrorists from coming to their town and, on the other hand, has increased the flow of customers from other parts of Israel who would normally have patronised Palestinian business in the West Bank, resulting in an economic boom. The report states that the downsides are that the barrier has divided families in half and "damaged Israeli Arabs' solidarity with the Palestinians living on the other side of the Green Line".<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> A UN report released in August 2005 observed that the existence of the barrier "replaced the need for closures: movement within the northern West Bank, for example, is less restrictive where the Barrier has been constructed. Physical obstacles have also been removed in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate">Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Governorate" title="Jerusalem Governorate">Jerusalem Governorate</a> where the Barrier is under construction." The report says that more freedom of movement in rural areas may ease Palestinian access to hospitals and schools, but also says that restrictions on movement between urban population centers have not significantly changed.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loss_of_land">Loss of land</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Seam_Zone" title="Seam Zone">Seam Zone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palestinian_property" title="Israeli demolition of Palestinian property">Israeli demolition of Palestinian property</a></div> Parts of the barrier are built on land seized from Palestinians,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Q&A_September_2005-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_November_2003-75">[75]</a> or between Palestinians and their lands.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In a 2009 report, the UN said that the most recent barrier route allocates more segments to be built on the Green Line itself compared to previous draft routes of the barrier. However, in its current route the barrier annexes 9.5% of the total area of the West Bank to the Israeli side of the barrier.<a href="#cite_note-ochajuly2009-77">[77]</a> In early 2003, 63 shops straddling the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> were demolished by the IDF during construction of the wall in the village of <a href="/wiki/Nazlat_Issa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazlat Issa">Nazlat Issa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-humanitarianinfo_2004-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_Jan_2003-79">[79]</a> In August 2003, an additional 115 shops and stalls (an important source of income for several communities) and five to seven homes there were also demolished.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency">United Nations Relief and Works Agency</a> (UNRWA), 15 communities were to be directly affected, numbering about 138,593 Palestinians, including 13,450 refugee families, or 67,250 people. In addition to loss of land, in the city of Qalqilyah one-third of the city's water wells lie on the other side of the barrier. The Israeli Supreme Court says the Israeli government's rejection of accusations of a de facto annexation of these wells, stating that "the construction of the fence does not affect the implementation of the water agreements determined in the (interim) agreement".<a href="#cite_note-HCF-31">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia</a> (ESCWA) estimates that in the north of the West Bank about 80 per cent of Palestinians who own land on the other side of the barrier have not received permits from the Israeli authorities, and hence cannot cultivate their fields.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Israel has built a barrier in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley_(Middle_East)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan Valley (Middle East)">Jordan Valley</a> near the Jordanian border. A plan to build another barrier between the West Bank and the Jordan valley was abandoned because of international condemnation after the 2004 International Court ruling, instead instituting a restrictive permit regime for Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> However, it has changed the route to allow settlements to annex parcels of land.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The existing barrier cuts off access to the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> for Palestinian farmers in the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Israeli settlement councils already have de facto control of 86 percent of the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> as the settler population steadily grows there.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, Israeli Defense Minister at the time, proposed that Israel should consider unilateral disengagement from the West Bank and the dismantling of settlements beyond the separation barrier, but maintain a military presence in the Jordan Valley along the West Bank-Jordan border.<a href="#cite_note-JewishJournal-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_and_medical_services">Health and medical services</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">Médecins du Monde</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Palestinian Red Crescent Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Human_Rights" title="Physicians for Human Rights">Physicians for Human Rights-Israel</a> have stated that the barrier "harms West Bank health".<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Feb_2005-89">[89]</a> Upon completion of the construction, the organizations predict, the barrier would prevent over 130,000 Palestinian children from being immunised, and deny more than 100,000 pregnant women (out of which 17,640 are high risk pregnancies) access to healthcare in Israel. In addition, almost a third of West Bank villages will suffer from lack of access to healthcare. After completion, many residents may lose complete access to emergency care at night. In towns near Jerusalem (<a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Eizariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Eizariya">al-Eizariya</a>), for example, average time for an ambulance to travel to the nearest hospital has increased from 10 minutes to over 110 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-bmj_2005-90">[90]</a> A report from Physicians for Human Rights-Israel states that the barrier imposes "almost-total separation" on the hospitals from the population they are supposed to serve.<a href="#cite_note-phr_2005-91">[91]</a> The report also said that patients from the West Bank visiting Jerusalem's Palestinian clinics declined by half from 2002 to 2003. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rights,_freedom_and_mobility_of_Palestinians_working_in_Israel">Rights, freedom and mobility of Palestinians working in Israel</h3></div> The wall significantly impacts the rights, freedom and mobility of Palestinian workers especially.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> It represents for Palestinians a complex system of control, surveillance and oppression. According to the Washington Post, about 70000 Palestinians cross checkpoints daily to work in Israel, mainly in construction sites.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Security forces at checkpoints have the authority to turn back Palestinians without reason or, as often is the case, turn a short commute into an hours-long, humiliating journey.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Workers leave their homes in the very early morning, some as early as 2am,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> and spend hours commuting, not returning to their homes until the late evening.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The military checkpoints they need to cross are usually overcrowded, in poor conditions and characterized by long processing times.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> They are herded through congested steel cages and metal turnstiles and go through invasive security checks. They are not allowed to take their own tools, food and drinks with them, adding an additional financial burden.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Several human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have reported human rights abuses inside checkpoints, including arbitrary arrests and unlawful shootings.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The daily struggle and humiliation of going through a checkpoint is not only for workers but also for those communities that were cut in two by the presence of the separation wall. West Bank Palestinians who live on the Jerusalem side in areas like Nabi Samuel are forbidden to go to the Jerusalem site outside their homes and must cross a checkpoint to attend schools or go to work or to the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_changes">Economic changes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Palestine">Economy of Palestine</a></div> In 2013, the World Bank cited estimates of costs to the West Bank economy attributable to "barriers" combined with "checkpoints and movement permits" of USD $185m and $229m.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Foreign Affairs contributor <a href="/wiki/David_Makovsky" title="David Makovsky">David Makovsky</a> estimated the number of West Bank Palestinians who lived on the Israeli side in 2004 as "fewer than one percent" but noted that a larger number living in enclaves like Qalqiliya adjacent to the fence were also adversely affected.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Israeli human rights organisation <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> says that "thousands of Palestinians have difficulty going to their fields and marketing their produce in other areas of the West Bank. Farming is a primary source of income in the Palestinian communities situated along the Barrier's route, an area that constitutes one of the most fertile areas in the West Bank. The harm to the farming sector is liable to have drastic economic effects on the residents – whose economic situation is already very difficult – and drive many families into poverty."<a href="#cite_note-btselem_-_Separation_Barrier-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_March_2006-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legality">Legality</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations_Security_Council">United Nations Security Council</h3></div> In October 2003, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> resolution to declare the barrier illegal where it deviates from the Green Line and should be torn down was vetoed by the US in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> On May 19, 2004, the UN passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1544" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1544">Security Council Resolution 1544</a> reiterating the obligation of Israel, the occupying Power, to abide scrupulously by its legal obligations and responsibilities under the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a>, and called on Israel to address its security needs within the boundaries of international law. In a special emergency session of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a>, the United Nations asked the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> [ICJ] to evaluate the legal status of the barrier. Israel chose not to accept ICJ jurisdiction nor make oral statements, and instead submitted a 246-page written statement containing the views of the Government of Israel on Jurisdiction and Propriety to the Court.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Court_of_Justice">International Court of Justice</h3></div> In a 2004 <a href="/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Construction_of_a_Wall_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory">advisory opinion</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, "Israel cannot rely on a right of self-defence or on a <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_necessity" title="Doctrine of necessity">state of necessity</a> in order to preclude the wrongfulness of the construction of the wall". The Court asserted that "the construction of the wall, and its associated régime, are contrary to international law."<a href="#cite_note-ICI-Advise-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-Vio-108">[108]</a> So in the July 9, 2004 advisory opinion the ICJ advised that the barrier is a violation of international law, that it should be removed, that Arab residents should be compensated for any damage done, and that other states take action to obtain Israel's compliance with the Fourth Geneva Convention. The ICJ said that an occupying power cannot claim that the lawful inhabitants of the occupied territory constitute a "foreign" threat for the purposes of Article 51 of the UN Charter. It also explained that necessity may constitute a circumstance precluding wrongfulness under certain very limited circumstances, but that Article 25 of the International Law Commission's Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA) bars a defense of necessity if the State has contributed to the situation of necessity. The Court cited illegal interference by the government of Israel with the Palestinian's national right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>; and land confiscations, house demolitions, the creation of enclaves, and restrictions on movement and access to water, food, education, health care, work, and an adequate standard of living in violation of Israel's obligations under international law. The Court also said that Israeli settlements had been established and that Palestinians had been displaced in violation of Article 49, paragraph 6, of the Fourth Geneva Convention.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On request of the ICJ, Palestine submitted a copious statement.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The UN Fact Finding Mission and several UN Rapporteurs subsequently said that in the movement and access policy there has been a violation of the right not to be discriminated against on the basis of race or national origin.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Israeli supporters of the barrier stood in the plaza near the courthouse, holding the portraits of 927 terror victims. The organization Christians for Israel helped bring the No. 19 bus, on which eleven civilians were killed, to the Hague.<a href="#cite_note-google3-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Supreme_Court_opinions_on_the_West_Bank_Barrier" title="Israeli Supreme Court opinions on the West Bank Barrier">Israeli Supreme Court opinions on the West Bank Barrier</a></div> In April 2003, <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> stated that "Israel has made cynical use of security claims to justify grave human rights violations in the Occupied Territories...Among other things the determination of the route of the barrier was based on political considerations, the attempt to leave the settlements to the west of the barrier, and protection of access routes for religious sites – none of which are at all related to military considerations. This situation is likely to render the entire separation barrier project illegal according to international law."<a href="#cite_note-btselem_behind_barrier_press-113">[113]</a> On June 30, 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> ruled that a portion of the barrier west of Jerusalem violated the rights of Palestinians, and ordered 30 km (19 mi) of existing and planned barrier to be rerouted. However, it did rule that the barrier is <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Supreme_Court_opinions_on_the_West_Bank_Barrier" title="Israeli Supreme Court opinions on the West Bank Barrier">legal in principle</a> and accepted the Israeli government's assertion that it is a security measure. On September 15, 2005, the Supreme Court of Israel ordered the Israeli government to alter the route of the barrier to ensure that negative impacts on Palestinians would be minimized and proportional.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinions_of_the_barrier">Opinions of the barrier</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div> In December 2003, Resolution ES-10/14 was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> in an <a href="/wiki/List_of_emergency_special_sessions_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of emergency special sessions of the United Nations General Assembly">emergency special session</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ES-10/14-115">[115]</a> 90 states voted for, 8 against, 74 abstained.<a href="#cite_note-ES-10/14-115">[115]</a> The resolution included a request to the International Court of Justice to urgently render an advisory opinion on the following question:<a href="#cite_note-ES-10/14-115">[115]</a> <blockquote>What are the legal consequences arising from the construction of the wall being built by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, as described in the report of the Secretary-General, considering the rules and principles of international law, including the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949, and relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions?</blockquote> The court concluded that the barrier violated international law.<a href="#cite_note-ICJ_ruling-49">[49]</a> On 20 July 2004, the UN General Assembly accepted <a href="/wiki/List_of_emergency_special_sessions_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of emergency special sessions of the United Nations General Assembly">Resolution ES-10/15</a> condemning the barrier with 150 countries voting for the resolution and 10 abstaining.<a href="#cite_note-ES-10/15-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> 6 countries voted against: Israel, the US, Australia, <a href="/wiki/The_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Federated States of Micronesia">the Federated States of Micronesia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>. The US and Israel rejected both the verdict and the resolution.<a href="#cite_note-UN-118">[118]</a> All 25 members of the European Union voted in favour of the resolution after it was amended to include calls for Israelis and Palestinians to meet their obligations under the "roadmap" peace plan.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_opinions">Israeli opinions</h3></div> According to a survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Tami_Steinmetz_Center_for_Peace_Research" title="Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research">Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research</a>, an academic research institution of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, there was overwhelming support for the barrier among the Jewish population of Israel: 84% in March 2004 and 78% in June 2004.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Some Israelis oppose the barrier. The Israeli <a href="/wiki/Peace_Now" title="Peace Now">Peace Now</a> movement has stated that while they would support a barrier that follows the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Armistice lines">1949 Armistice lines</a>, the "current route of the fence is intended to destroy all chances of a future peace settlement with the Palestinians and to annex as much land as possible from the West Bank" and that the barrier would "only increase the blood to be spilt on both sides and continue the sacrificing of Israeli and Palestinian lives for the settlements."<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Some Israeli left wing activists, such as <a href="/wiki/Anarchists_Against_the_Wall" title="Anarchists Against the Wall">Anarchists Against the Wall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a>, are active in protests against the barrier, especially in the West Bank towns of <a href="/wiki/Bil%27in" title="Bil'in">Bil'in</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jayyous" title="Jayyous">Jayyous</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Shaul Arieli, a senior member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_for_Peace_and_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council for Peace and Security (page does not exist)">Council for Peace and Security</a> and one of the architects of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a> wrote in <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> in March 2009 of the importance "to complete the fence along a route based on security considerations." Arieli found the fence to be justified due to legitimate concerns of Palestinian terrorism and violence, but was critical of the then-government's alleged negligence of completing the fence due to budgetary and political considerations. He called on the public to "demand that the new government complete the fence quickly and along a logical route."<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ayalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Ayalon">Daniel Ayalon</a>, Israel's ambassador to the United States, suggested that reduced ability to conduct attacks would "save the political process" because the barrier would neutralize the ability of militant groups "to hold that process hostage" by conducting these acts.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Natan Sharansky</a>, Minister of Housing and Construction at the time, viewed the security fence as an option for Israel to defend itself, because the Palestinian Authority had not become a partner in fighting terror, as it was obliged to do under all the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">agreements that it signed</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> heavily criticized the ruling of the Court of Justice condemning the West Bank Barrier, asserting that the outcome was stacked against Israel in advance through the biased wording of the submission. It said that Israel was systematically excluded from any say in the Court's makeup and asserted that an anti-Israel environment prevails at the General Assembly, which "regularly demonize[s] Israel". According to the ADL, the politicized nature of the process that produced the opinion threatens to undermine the integrity of the Court and contravene constructive efforts to promote peace in the region.<a href="#cite_note-adl-icj-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_opinions">Palestinian opinions</h3></div> The Palestinian population and its leadership are essentially unanimous in opposing the barrier. A significant number of Palestinians have been separated from their own farmlands or their places of work or study, and many more will be separated as the barriers near Jerusalem are completed.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Furthermore, because of its planned route as published by the Israeli government, the barrier is perceived as a plan to confine the Palestinian population to specific areas.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> They state that Palestinian institutions in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a> will be prevented from providing services to residents in the <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> suburbs, and that a 10-minute walk has become a 3-hour drive in order to reach a gate, to go (if allowed) through a crowded military checkpoint, and drive back to the destination on the other side.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> More broadly, Palestinian spokespersons, supported by many in the Israeli left wing and other organizations, say that the hardships imposed by the barrier will breed further discontent amongst the affected population and add to the security problem rather than solving it. In his November 2006 interview with <a href="/wiki/Al-Manar_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Manar TV">Al-Manar TV</a>, Palestinian Islamic Jihad leader <a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Abdullah_Mohammad_Shallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah">Ramadan Salah</a> said that the barrier is an important obstacle, and that "if it weren't there, the situation would be entirely different."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> has accused the U.S. of rewarding construction of the barrier and replied, "[t]he U.S. assurances are being made at the expense of the Palestinian people and the Arab world without the knowledge of the legitimate Palestinian leadership. They are rewarding illegal occupation, settlement and the apartheid wall."<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> For over five years (2005–2010), hundreds of Palestinians and Israeli activists gathered every week to protest the barrier at the town of <a href="/wiki/Bil%27in" title="Bil'in">Bil'in</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> A number of Palestinian protesters have been killed by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> while protesting.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Covert operatives of the Israeli government have posed as protesters and threw stones in the general direction of the IDF to create a pretext for arresting protesters.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Protesters posed as members of the fictional "Na'vi" race of the major motion picture "<a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a>" during protests following release of the movie, in an effort to compare the Palestinian struggle with that of the fictional Na'vi race, who must defend themselves and their homeland against foreign invaders.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_Wall_in_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Israel_Wall_in_London.JPG/220px-Israel_Wall_in_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Israel_Wall_in_London.JPG/330px-Israel_Wall_in_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Israel_Wall_in_London.JPG/440px-Israel_Wall_in_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Replica section of the Israeli Barrier, built in London in 2013, as part of the international protest against the Israeli wall</figcaption></figure> Between 23 December 2013 and 5 January 2014 a major demonstration against the wall was staged in London, in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Piccadilly" title="St James's Church, Piccadilly">St James's Church, Piccadilly</a>. The demonstration was entitled "Bethlehem Unwrapped", and featured a large section of replica wall, reproducing both the fabric of the Israeli wall, and the graffiti to be found on it. Protesters staffed the wall in order to explain the demonstration to visitors and passers-by. Large signs were erected, drawing attention to intentional protest against the wall. Particular reference was made to the International Court of Justice judgement of 9 July 2004 that the security wall contravened international law. The demonstration took place just days after the death of <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, and prominence was therefore given on billboards to Mandella's statement "The UN took a strong stand against apartheid...We know too well that our freedom is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestinians".<a href="#cite_note-Nelson_Mandela_in_an_address_at_the_International_Day_of_Solidarity_with_the_Palestinian_People,_4_December_1997-137">[137]</a> The replica wall, which was 8 metres tall (the same height as the actual wall) was constructed as an art installation by Justin Butcher, Geof Thompson, and Dean Willars, who also credited Deborah Burtin of Tipping Point North South. They invited visitors to add additional graffiti, particularly in the forms of prayers for peace.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> St James' Church, which allowed the demonstration on its grounds, and permitted its own church building to be almost entirely hidden by the wall, issued a public statement supporting the right of Israel to defend its borders, but condemning the wall, and the suffering which it caused to Palestinian peoples.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The church statement drew attention to the request of the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a> for all Christians to oppose the wall.<a href="#cite_note-World_Council_of_Churches-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_International_opinions">Other International opinions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict#Legal_issues_related_to_the_Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict § Legal issues related to the Israeli West Bank barrier</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Red_Cross">The Red Cross</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a> has declared the barrier in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention">Geneva Convention</a>. On February 18, 2004, The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> stated that the Israeli barrier "causes serious humanitarian and legal problems" and goes "far beyond what is permissible for an occupying power".<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Red_Cross-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Human_rights_organizations">Human rights organizations</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_groups_and_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights groups and the Middle East">Human rights groups</a> have protested both the routing of the wall and the means by which the land to build the wall was obtained.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The Israeli women of <a href="/wiki/Machsom_Watch" title="Machsom Watch">Machsom Watch</a> regularly monitor events at checkpoints and report their findings. In a 2004 report Amnesty International wrote that "The fence/wall, in its present configuration, violates Israel's obligations under international humanitarian law."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-143">[143]</a> They continue: <blockquote>Since the summer of 2002 the Israeli army has been destroying large areas of Palestinian agricultural land, as well as other properties, to make way for a fence/wall which it is building in the West Bank. In addition to the large areas of particularly fertile Palestinian farmland that have been destroyed, other larger areas have been cut off from the rest of the West Bank by the fence/wall. The fence/wall is not being built between Israel and the Occupied Territories but mostly (close to 90%) inside the West Bank, turning Palestinian towns and villages into isolated enclaves, cutting off communities and families from each other, separating farmers from their land and Palestinians from their places of work, education and health care facilities and other essential services. This in order to facilitate passage between Israel and more than 50 illegal Israeli settlements located in the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-143">[143]</a> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Council_of_Churches">World Council of Churches</h4></div> On February 20, 2004 the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a> demanded that Israel halt and reverse construction on the barrier and strongly condemned "violations of human rights and humanitarian consequences" that resulted from the construction of the barrier. While acknowledging Israel's serious security concerns and asserting that the construction of the barrier on its own territory would not have been a violation of international law, the statement called on "member Churches, Ecumenical Councils of Churches, Christian World Communions and specialized ministries of churches to condemn the wall as an act of unlawful annexation."<a href="#cite_note-World_Council_of_Churches-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_opinion">United States opinion</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bethlehem_wall_graffiti_Mandela,_Sanders,_Trump,_Zuckerberg.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bethlehem_wall_graffiti_Mandela%2C_Sanders%2C_Trump%2C_Zuckerberg.jpeg/220px-Bethlehem_wall_graffiti_Mandela%2C_Sanders%2C_Trump%2C_Zuckerberg.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bethlehem_wall_graffiti_Mandela%2C_Sanders%2C_Trump%2C_Zuckerberg.jpeg/330px-Bethlehem_wall_graffiti_Mandela%2C_Sanders%2C_Trump%2C_Zuckerberg.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bethlehem_wall_graffiti_Mandela%2C_Sanders%2C_Trump%2C_Zuckerberg.jpeg/440px-Bethlehem_wall_graffiti_Mandela%2C_Sanders%2C_Trump%2C_Zuckerberg.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti depicting U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> on the Israeli barrier in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, July 2018</figcaption></figure> In 2003, when the Bush administration was considering reducing loan guarantees to Israel to discourage construction of the fence, then Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> criticized the project. He said, "A nation is within its rights to put up a fence if it sees the need for one. However, in the case of the Israeli fence, we are concerned when the fence crosses over onto the land of others."<a href="#cite_note-Fox2003-144">[144]</a> Response from pro-Israel members of Congress criticized the possible reduction in loan assistance. For example, Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a>, D-Conn., said, "The administration's threat to cut aid to Israel unless it stops construction of a security fence is a heavy-handed tactic." Lieberman criticized the threat as improper between allies, and continued, "The Israeli people have the right to defend themselves from terrorism, and a security fence may be necessary to achieve this."<a href="#cite_note-Fox2003-144">[144]</a> On April 14, 2004, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> said "In light of new realities on the ground, including already existing major Israeli population centers, it is unrealistic to expect that the outcome of final status negotiations will be a full and complete return to the armistice lines of 1949, and all previous efforts to negotiate a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> have reached the same conclusion."<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> On May 25, 2005, Bush said, "I think the wall is a problem. And I discussed this with Ariel Sharon. It is very difficult to develop confidence between the Palestinians and Israel with a wall snaking through the West Bank."<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse_Bush_2003-146">[146]</a> The following year, addressing the issue of the barrier as a future border, he said in a letter to Sharon on April 14, 2004 that it "should be a security rather than political barrier, should be temporary rather than permanent and therefore not prejudice any final status issues including final borders, and its route should take into account, consistent with security needs, its impact on Palestinians not engaged in terrorist activities."<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Q&A_September_2005-70">[70]</a> President Bush reiterated this position during a May 26, 2005 joint press conference with Palestinian leader <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">Rose Garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse_2005_Bush-147">[147]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, at the time a U.S. Senator from New York, said she supports the separation fence Israel is building along the edges of the West Bank, and that the onus is on the Palestinian Authority to fight terrorism. "This is not against the Palestinian people," she said during a tour of a section of the barrier being built around Jerusalem. "This is against the terrorists. The Palestinian people have to help to prevent terrorism. They have to change the attitudes about terrorism."<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In 2007, Senator <a href="/wiki/Charles_Schumer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Schumer">Charles Schumer</a> said: "As long as the Palestinians send terrorists onto school buses and to nightclubs to blow up people, Israel has no choice but to build the Security Wall."<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Union_opinion">European Union opinion</h4></div> According to EU foreign policy chief <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a>, the EU considers the barrier to be illegal to the extent it is built on Palestinian land.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadian_opinion">Canadian opinion</h4></div> The Canadian Government recognizes Israel's right to protect its citizens from terrorist attacks, including through the restriction of access to its territory, and by building a barrier on its own territory for security purposes. However, it opposes the barrier's incursion into and the disruption of occupied territories. Considering the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) to be "occupied territory", the Canadian government considers the barrier to be contrary to international law under the Fourth Geneva Convention. It opposes the barrier and the expropriations and the demolition of houses and economic infrastructure preceding its construction.<a href="#cite_note-dfait-maeci-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_opinions">Border opinions</h3></div> Although the Barrier is purported to be a temporary defense against Palestinian attacks, many view it as significant in terms of future negotiations over Israel's final borders.<a href="#cite_note-AP_Israel_approves-50">[50]</a> Some speculate that because sections of the barrier are not built along the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> but in the West Bank, the real purpose is to acquire territory.<a href="#cite_note-BTSec-10">[10]</a> Some people describe the barrier as the de facto future border of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a>. <a href="/wiki/James_Zogby" title="James Zogby">James Zogby</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_American_Institute" title="Arab American Institute">Arab American Institute</a>, has said that the barrier has "unilaterally helped to demarcate the route for future Israeli control over huge West Bank settlement blocks and large swathes of West Bank land".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>, "the overall features of the separation barrier and the considerations that led to determination of the route give the impression that Israel is relying on security arguments to unilaterally establish facts on the ground ..."<a href="#cite_note-btselem_-_Separation_Barrier-104">[104]</a> Chris McGreal in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> writes that the barrier is, "evidently intended to redraw Israel's borders".<a href="#cite_note-McGreal1-153">[153]</a> Some have speculated that the barrier will prejudice the outcome of border negotiations in favor of the Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-McGreal1-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-miftah_8002-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Klein_Halevi" title="Yossi Klein Halevi">Yossi Klein Halevi</a>, Israeli correspondent for <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>, writes that "[b]uilding over the green line, by contrast, reminds Palestinians that every time they've rejected compromise – whether in <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">1937</a>, <a href="/wiki/1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 UN Partition Plan">1947</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_2000_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp David 2000 Summit">2000</a> – the potential map of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian state">Palestine</a> shrinks... The fence is a warning: If Palestinians don't stop terrorism and forfeit their dream of destroying Israel, Israel may impose its own map on them... and, because Palestine isn't being restored but invented, its borders are negotiable."<a href="#cite_note-travelbrochuregraphics-155">[155]</a> The Israeli Deputy Defence Minister in 2000 stated that the barrier did not necessarily delineate the boundaries of a future Palestinian State.<a href="#cite_note-unispal.un.org-47">[47]</a> On March 9, 2006, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> quoted then-acting Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a> as stating that if his <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> party wins the upcoming national elections, he would seek to set Israel's permanent borders by 2010, and that the boundary would run along or close to the barrier.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2006-156">[156]</a> In 2012 it was reported that Israel had presented principles for drawing a border, which essentially propose to turn the West Bank separation barrier into the border with a future <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestinian state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_to_Israeli_apartheid">Relation to Israeli apartheid</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_apartheid" title="Israeli apartheid">Israeli apartheid</a></div> Ahmad Hajihosseini, Observer for the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Islamic_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of the Islamic Conference">Organization of the Islamic Conference</a> (OIC), said that building and maintaining the wall is a <a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">crime of apartheid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-UN_SC/7895-158">[158]</a> isolating Palestinian communities in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and consolidating the annexation of Palestinian land by <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Hedding" title="Malcolm Hedding">Malcolm Hedding</a>, a South African minister who worked against South African apartheid and executive director of the <a href="/wiki/International_Christian_Embassy_in_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem">International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem</a>, said that the West Bank barrier has nothing to do with apartheid but is instead about Israel's self-defense. <a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art,_books,_film">Art, books, film</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Wall_graffiti_art" title="West Bank Wall graffiti art">West Bank Wall graffiti art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banksy,_gandhi_graffiti_on_apartheid_wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Banksy%2C_gandhi_graffiti_on_apartheid_wall.jpg/220px-Banksy%2C_gandhi_graffiti_on_apartheid_wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Banksy%2C_gandhi_graffiti_on_apartheid_wall.jpg/330px-Banksy%2C_gandhi_graffiti_on_apartheid_wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Banksy%2C_gandhi_graffiti_on_apartheid_wall.jpg/440px-Banksy%2C_gandhi_graffiti_on_apartheid_wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti paintings on the wall by British graffiti artist <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bank_Barrier_A50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/West_Bank_Barrier_A50.jpg/220px-West_Bank_Barrier_A50.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/West_Bank_Barrier_A50.jpg/330px-West_Bank_Barrier_A50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/West_Bank_Barrier_A50.jpg/440px-West_Bank_Barrier_A50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Section of West Bank barrier located on <a href="/wiki/Route_443_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 443 (Israel)">Route 443</a>, near Jerusalem. Painting was likely done by the official contractor.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> </figcaption></figure> The wall has been used as a canvas for many paintings and writings. It has been called the "world's largest protest graffiti".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Some of these (but not all) have been removed by the Israelis, and sometimes by people on the Palestinian side. Graffiti on the Palestinian side of the wall has been one of many forms of protest against its existence, demanding an end to the barrier, or criticizing its builders and its existence ("Welcome to the <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">Ghetto</a>-Abu Dis").<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In August 2005, U.K. graffiti artist <a href="/wiki/Banksy" title="Banksy">Banksy</a> painted nine images on the Palestinian side of the barrier.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> He describes the barrier as "the ultimate activity holiday destination for graffiti writers", and returned in December 2007 with new images for "Santa's ghetto" in Bethlehem.<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-164">[164]</a> The exhibition "Santa's Ghetto in Bethlehem 2007"<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> was co-organized by Banksy and a number of other artists with the aim of drawing attention to poverty in the West Bank and boosting tourism.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> On the wall, it features, among other images, a peace dove dressed in a bulletproof vest that is being aimed at,<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> a young girl frisking a soldier,<a href="#cite_note-npr.org-168">[168]</a> a donkey that is facing a soldier who is checking his identity papers,<a href="#cite_note-npr.org-168">[168]</a> as well as a rat, one of Banksy's recurring themes, with a slingshot.<a href="#cite_note-auto-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-art-magazin.de-170">[170]</a> One of Italian artist <a href="/wiki/Blu_(artist)" title="Blu (artist)">Blu</a>'s contributions to the project, featured a walled Christmas tree surrounded by a number of stumps.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> American contemporary artist <a href="/wiki/Ron_English_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron English (artist)">Ron English</a> pasted portraits of Mickey Mouse dressed as a Palestinian with the slogan "You are not in Disneyland anymore" on the wall.<a href="#cite_note-art-magazin.de-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-169">[169]</a> In an expression of frustration, Palestinian artist "Trash", glued the lower part of a leg on the wall that is appearing to kick through it.<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-164">[164]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shireen_Abu_Akleh_graffiti_on_the_West_Bank_barrier_in_Bethlehem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shireen_Abu_Akleh_graffiti_on_the_West_Bank_barrier_in_Bethlehem.jpg/220px-Shireen_Abu_Akleh_graffiti_on_the_West_Bank_barrier_in_Bethlehem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shireen_Abu_Akleh_graffiti_on_the_West_Bank_barrier_in_Bethlehem.jpg/330px-Shireen_Abu_Akleh_graffiti_on_the_West_Bank_barrier_in_Bethlehem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shireen_Abu_Akleh_graffiti_on_the_West_Bank_barrier_in_Bethlehem.jpg/440px-Shireen_Abu_Akleh_graffiti_on_the_West_Bank_barrier_in_Bethlehem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Art depicting Palestinian-American journalist <a href="/wiki/Shireen_Abu_Akleh" title="Shireen Abu Akleh">Shireen Abu Akleh</a> who was killed by Israeli forces, West Bank barrier in Bethlehem, 2022</figcaption></figure> Although many artists received positive attention and reviews, some Palestinian people had negative opinions toward the artists' movement. A street artist from New York, Swoon, put two works on the Sentry towers in Bethlehem. She did not anticipate that some Palestinians would be opposed to her efforts. Swoon states that there was much enthusiasm from the kids of the Aida refugee camp, who were excited about the new artwork going on the wall. While the kids were excited, many elders believed that the children would grow up with the wrong, positive idea of the wall. One elder from the refugee camp claimed that "they don't necessarily want the kids to start viewing that area positively, and so they see the work as a thing of beauty, but in a place where beauty shouldn't be" (Parry, 10). Most international artists felt that they were creating "something for the people trapped behind wall, as well as creating an international symbol that would be broadcast around the world. [The elder man] wasn't speaking about international symbols, but about what it means to live in the shadow of an 80 foot guard tower" (Parry, 10). Although the graffiti artists felt that they were making a statement with their pieces that would help bring attention and help to the Palestinians, many Palestinians feel that it turns the wall into something beautiful. By painting on the wall, some Palestinians feel that the wall turns into a work of art instead "of an aggressive prison Wall" (Parry, 10). Of course, transforming the wall into something positive was not the intention of the artists. They thought that their work would bring out the oppressiveness and the emotion responses of the people affected by the wall.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> On June 21, 2006, when he visited Israel to give a concert, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a> wrote "Tear down the wall" on the wall, a phrase from the Pink Floyd album <a href="/wiki/The_Wall" title="The Wall">The Wall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In 2007, with their project "Face2Face",<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> French artists <a href="/wiki/JR_(artist)" title="JR (artist)">JR</a> and "Marco", organized what was then (until at least 2010), considered to be the largest illegal photography exhibition ever made.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> In monumental formats, portraits of Israelis and Palestinians of similar professions and backgrounds were pasted next to each other on the wall. The idea was to highlight similarities rather than differences between the peoples. The project spanned over eight cities on both sides of the wall such as Bethlehem, Jericho, Ramallah and Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The project was subsequently hosted by a number of exhibitions around the world including the Biennale di Venezia in Italy,<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> the Foam-Musée de la Photographie in Amsterdam,<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> the summer photography festival "Recontres d'Arles" in Arles, Southern France,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Artitud in Berlin, Germany,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Artcurial in Paris, France<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> and the Rath Museum in Geneva, Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> JR's work, including "Face2Face" is currently shown at the Watari-Um Museum in Tokyo, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> As part of a Dutch–Palestinian collaboration, led by Palestinian activist Faris Arouri, Internet users were invited to submit 80-character long messages to be spray-painted on the security barrier in exchange for a donation of 30 Euro. Messages that included or incited racism, hate, violence or pornography were rejected.<a href="#cite_note-Time-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-edition.cnn.com-185">[185]</a> About two-thirds of the money raised was donated to social, cultural and educational grassroots projects such as the renovation of the Peace and Freedom Youth Forum's open Youth Center in Bir Zeit. When the project was ended, it was claimed to have reached 550,000,000 people worldwide and placed 1,498 messages on the wall.<a href="#cite_note-edition.cnn.com-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> One of the organizers of "Send a message", Justus van Oel, a Dutch theater director, commissioned South African anti-apartheid activist and theologian <a href="/wiki/Farid_Esack" title="Farid Esack">Farid Esack</a> to compose a letter to be placed on the wall in 2009. The result was a 1,998-word letter in English written in a single line and stretching over 2.6 km (1.6 mi) near the town of <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, comparing the situation in the Palestinian territories to the South African apartheid era.<a href="#cite_note-Time-184">[184]</a> The British photojournalist <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_(photojournalist)" title="William Parry (photojournalist)">William Parry</a> has recently published a book entitled "Against the Wall". The wall was the primary focus of British playwright <a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(playwright)" title="David Hare (playwright)">David Hare</a>'s dramatic monologue Wall, which is being adapted as a live-action/animated feature-length documentary by the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a>, to be completed in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Dickson-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vlessing-189">[189]</a> The barrier is also the subject of the 2011 documentary film, <a href="/wiki/5_Broken_Cameras" title="5 Broken Cameras">5 Broken Cameras</a>, which documents the story of Emad Burnat, a Palestinian farmer of the Palestinian village of Bil'in, who had intended to use his videocamera to record vignettes of his son's childhood but ended up filming the resistance movement to the Israeli separation wall that was erected through his village.<a href="#cite_note-5_Broken_Cameras-190">[190]</a> This award-winning film tells the story of the nonviolent protests of the village residents and the international and Israeli activists who join them, and of how in the course of his filming one after another of his cameras is shot or smashed.<a href="#cite_note-5_Broken_Cameras-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_barriers">Other barriers</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Border_barrier" title="Border barrier">Border barrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt–Gaza barrier">Egypt–Gaza barrier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_barrier" title="Gaza–Israel barrier">Gaza–Israel barrier</a></div> Two similar barriers, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Gaza_Strip_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Gaza Strip barrier">Israeli Gaza Strip barrier</a> and the Israeli-built<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> 7–9 meter (23–30 ft) <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt–Gaza barrier">wall separating Gaza from Egypt</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border">temporarily breached</a> on January 23, 2008), which is currently under Egyptian control, are also controversial.<a href="#cite_note-timesonline_2008-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Wall_(essay)" title="Iron Wall (essay)">Iron Wall</a>, also known as We and the Arabs, an essay written by <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist Zionism</a>, while working as a journalist for the Russian-speaking press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Tree_(2008_film)" title="Lemon Tree (2008 film)">Lemon Tree</a> – Israeli film about the impact of the barrier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegart%27s_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegart's wall">Tegart's wall</a> – border barrier in British Mandate Palestine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremer_wall" title="Bremer wall">Bremer wall</a> – US-given name for Israeli-type of prefab barrier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_walls" title="List of walls">List of walls</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/List_of_walls#Walls_in_use_today" title="List of walls">List of walls#Walls in use today</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Western_Sahara_Wall" title="Moroccan Western Sahara Wall">Moroccan Western Sahara Wall</a> – a separation barrier dividing <a href="/wiki/Southern_Provinces" title="Southern Provinces">Moroccan-controlled</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Free_Zone_(region)" title="Free Zone (region)">controlled</a> parts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Leuenberger_2009-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leuenberger_2009_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leuenberger_2009_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeuenberger2009" class="citation web cs1">Leuenberger, Christine (2009-06-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pij.org/articles/1350/the-west-bank-wall-as-canvas-art-and-graffiti-in-palestineisrael">"PIJ.ORG: The West Bank Wall as Canvas: Art and Graffiti in Palestine/Israel"</a>. PIJ.ORG. Retrieved 2022-05-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PIJ.ORG&rft.atitle=PIJ.ORG%3A+The+West+Bank+Wall+as+Canvas%3A+Art+and+Graffiti+in+Palestine%2FIsrael&rft.date=2009-06-10&rft.aulast=Leuenberger&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pij.org%2Farticles%2F1350%2Fthe-west-bank-wall-as-canvas-art-and-graffiti-in-palestineisrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eidelman_2011_pp._95–114-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Eidelman_2011_pp._95–114_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEidelman2011" class="citation book cs1">Eidelman, Ronen (2011-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/9789042029828/B9789042029828-s006.xml">"The Separation Wall in Palestine: Artists Love to Hate It"</a>. Cultural Activism. pp. 95–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789042029828_006">10.1163/9789042029828_006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-2981-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-2981-1"><bdi>978-90-420-2981-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2022-05-27. <q>The common neutral name is the "separation barrier" and the words fence or wall are used according to the location one is referring to</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Separation+Wall+in+Palestine%3A+Artists+Love+to+Hate+It&rft.btitle=Cultural+Activism&rft.pages=95-114&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789042029828_006&rft.isbn=978-90-420-2981-1&rft.aulast=Eidelman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2F9789042029828%2FB9789042029828-s006.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Dona J. Stewart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JYE2eOEmwmkC&pg=PA223">The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives,</a> Routledge, 2013 p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-palestinianname-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-palestinianname_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-palestinianname_4-1">b</a> Juliana Ochs,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mBSe-JgwPqoC&pg=PA147">Security and Suspicion: An Ethnography of Everyday Life in Israel,</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a> 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-812-20568-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-812-20568-8">978-0-812-20568-8p</a>.147 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160912193655/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_barrier_update_july_2011_english.pdf">"Barrier Update: Special Focus"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">UN OCHA (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs)</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_barrier_update_july_2011_english.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2016-09-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barrier+Update%3A+Special+Focus&rft.pub=UN+OCHA+%28Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2Focha_opt_barrier_update_july_2011_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISF-6"><a href="#cite_ref-ISF_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003072906/http://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/questions.htm">"Questions and Answers"</a>. Israel's Security Fence. The State of Israel. February 22, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/questions.htm">the original</a> on October 3, 2013. Retrieved 2007-04-17. <q>The Security Fence is being built with the sole purpose of saving the lives of the Israeli citizens who continue to be targeted by the terrorist campaign that began in 2000. The fact that over 800 men, women and children have been killed in horrific suicide bombings and other terror attacks clearly justifies the attempt to place a physical barrier in the path of terrorists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel%27s+Security+Fence&rft.atitle=Questions+and+Answers&rft.date=2004-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.securityfence.mod.gov.il%2FPages%2FENG%2Fquestions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFA1-7"><a href="#cite_ref-IMFA1_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040110054951/http://securityfence.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?MissionID=45187">"The Anti-Terrorist Fence vs. Terrorism"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://securityfence.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?MissionID=45187">the original</a> on 2004-01-10. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Anti-Terrorist+Fence+vs.+Terrorism&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecurityfence.mfa.gov.il%2Fmfm%2Fweb%2Fmain%2Fmissionhome.asp%3FMissionID%3D45187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McClatchy-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McClatchy_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClatchy_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNissenbaum2007" class="citation web cs1">Nissenbaum, Dion (2007-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120203241/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/staff/dion_nissenbaum/story/15469.html">"Death toll of Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians hit a low in 2006"</a>. Washington Bureau. <a href="/wiki/The_McClatchy_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The McClatchy Company">McClatchy Newspapers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/staff/dion_nissenbaum/story/15469.html">the original</a> on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2007-04-16. <q>Fewer Israeli civilians died in Palestinian attacks in 2006 than in any year since the Palestinian uprising began in 2000. Palestinian militants killed 23 Israelis and foreign visitors in 2006, down from a high of 289 in 2002 during the height of the uprising. Most significant, successful suicide bombings in Israel nearly came to a halt. Last year, only two Palestinian suicide bombers managed to sneak into Israel for attacks that killed 11 people and wounded 30 others. Israel has gone nearly nine months without a suicide bombing inside its borders, the longest period without such an attack since 2000[...] An Israeli military spokeswoman said one major factor in that success had been Israel's controversial separation barrier, a still-growing 400-kilometre (250 mi) network of high-tech fencing, concrete walls and other obstacles that cuts through parts of the West Bank. 'The security fence was put up to stop terror, and that's what it's doing,' said Capt. Noa Meir, a spokeswoman for the Israel Defense Forces. [...] Opponents of the barrier grudgingly acknowledge that it's been effective in stopping bombers, though they complain that its route should have followed the border between Israel and the Palestinian territories known as the Green Line. [...] IDF spokeswoman Meir said Israeli military operations that disrupted militants planning attacks from the West Bank also deserved credit for the drop in Israeli fatalities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Bureau&rft.atitle=Death+toll+of+Israeli+civilians+killed+by+Palestinians+hit+a+low+in+2006&rft.date=2007-01-10&rft.aulast=Nissenbaum&rft.aufirst=Dion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fstaff%2Fdion_nissenbaum%2Fstory%2F15469.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusbridge2016" class="citation journal cs1">Busbridge, Rachel (2016-06-14). "The wall has feet but so do we: Palestinian workers in Israel and the 'separation' wall". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 44 (3): 373–390. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13530194.2016.1194187">10.1080/13530194.2016.1194187</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1353-0194">1353-0194</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148056811">148056811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+wall+has+feet+but+so+do+we%3A+Palestinian+workers+in+Israel+and+the+%27separation%27+wall&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=373-390&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148056811%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1353-0194&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13530194.2016.1194187&rft.aulast=Busbridge&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTSec-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTSec_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTSec_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405095349/http://www.btselem.org/english/Publications/summaries/200512_Under_the_Guise_of_Security.asp">"Under the Guise of Security: Routing the Separation Barrier to Enable Israeli Settlement Expansion in the West Bank"</a>. Publications. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/english/Publications/summaries/200512_Under_the_Guise_of_Security.asp">the original</a> on 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-04-16. <q>The fact that the Separation Barrier cuts into the West Bank was and remains the main cause of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations">human rights violations</a> of Palestinians living near the Barrier. Israel contends that the Barrier's route is based solely on security considerations. This report disputes that contention and proves that one of the primary reasons for choosing the route of many sections of the Barrier was to place certain areas intended for settlement expansion on the "Israeli" side of the Barrier. In some of the cases, for all intents and purposes the expansion constituted the establishment of a new settlement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publications&rft.atitle=Under+the+Guise+of+Security%3A+Routing+the+Separation+Barrier+to+Enable+Israeli+Settlement+Expansion+in+the+West+Bank&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2Fenglish%2FPublications%2Fsummaries%2F200512_Under_the_Guise_of_Security.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guard-Stone1-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Guard-Stone1_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeraldine_Bedell2003" class="citation news cs1">Geraldine Bedell (14 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jun/15/israelandthepalestinians.features">"Set in stone"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930125035/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jun/15/israelandthepalestinians.features">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2013-09-17. <q>The Palestinian Authority, meanwhile, preoccupied with the road map and its own internal politics, 'has neglected the wall,' according to Jamal Juma. Yet the wall is crucial to the road map. At the very least, it is an attempt to preempt negotiations with a land grab that establishes new borders (and what the road map calls '<a href="/wiki/Facts_on_the_ground" title="Facts on the ground">facts on the ground</a>' that must be heeded). Arguably it is more devious: an attempt to undermine negotiations altogether – because what Palestinian Authority could sign up to the fragmented 'state' the wall will create?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Set+in+stone&rft.date=2003-06-14&rft.au=Geraldine+Bedell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fjun%2F15%2Fisraelandthepalestinians.features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarahona2013" class="citation book cs1">Barahona, Ana (2013). Bearing Witness – Eight weeks in Palestine. London: Metete. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0"><bdi>978-1-908099-02-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bearing+Witness+%E2%80%93+Eight+weeks+in+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Metete&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-908099-02-0&rft.aulast=Barahona&rft.aufirst=Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guard-Stone2-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Guard-Stone2_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeraldine_Bedell2003" class="citation news cs1">Geraldine Bedell (14 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jun/15/israelandthepalestinians.features">"Set in stone"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930125035/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jun/15/israelandthepalestinians.features">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2013-09-17. <q>The wall shuts out the world beyond, creating an eerie silence and an absence of landscape. Eventually, it will encircle the town, but already, there is only one gate in and out of Qalquilya. Moving to and from the town is a draining process of waiting in the sunshine while papers are taken away and thought about. You can't take a car from one side to the other. When you finally get through, you have to trudge through a no-man's-land to pick up a bus or taxi. ... Until the start of the current round of violence (the second intifada, in September 2000), 85,000 Israelis and Palestinians used to pour into Qalquilya every week to visit the shops and markets. Goods were cheaper than in Israel. No one comes any more, partly out of fear, partly because it's so hard to get in or out. And now the barrier threatens to cut the town off from 80 per cent of its agricultural land and 19 of its wells.…Before the construction started, half of Qalquilya's income came from agriculture. Now, 4,000 people – 10 per cent of the population – have left. An additional 2,200 heads of household have gone to find work elsewhere, leaving their families behind. ... Unemployment is now 69 per cent. With its bottleneck entrance so often corked, the town is coming close to economic strangulation. More than 600 businesses have closed and many residents have been unable to pay their municipal taxes, with the result that the Qalquilya municipality owes about 3.5 m shekels (£490,000) to the Israeli Electric Company, which is threatening to cut off the city's supply. ... The story of overcrowding and economic peril will be repeated in other Palestinian cities, according to Jamal Juma, co-ordinator of the Palestinian Environmental Network: 'In 10 years, there will be no room to expand. Forced off the land, Palestinians will be clustered into already heavily populated urban areas; with no alternative sources of income, they will be a source of cheap labour for Israeli factories.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Set+in+stone&rft.date=2003-06-14&rft.au=Geraldine+Bedell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fjun%2F15%2Fisraelandthepalestinians.features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11292">International Court of Justice finds Israeli barrier in Palestinian territory is illegal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006023832/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11292">Archived</a> 2017-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". UN News Centre. United Nations. 9 July 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040902090629/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2004/ipresscom2004-28_mwp_20040709.htm">Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a>". International Court of Justice. 9 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2004/ipresscom2004-28_mwp_20040709.htm">the original</a> on 2 September 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Semple, Kirk (22 October 2003). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/22/international/middleeast/un-resolution-condemns-israeli-barrier.html">U.N. Resolution Condemns Israeli Barrier</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930125038/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/22/international/middleeast/un-resolution-condemns-israeli-barrier.html">Archived</a> 2019-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The New York Times. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Robert Zelnick, Israel's Unilateralism: Beyond Gaza, <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover Press">Hoover Press</a>, 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ie9wvGsKyJYC&dq=term+%22separation+barrier%22&pg=PA31">p 30-31</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731200551/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ie9wvGsKyJYC&pg=PA31&dq=term+%22separation+barrier%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FeguUfmYMqLq0wHUpYGgDw&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=term%20%22separation%20barrier%22&f=false">Archived</a> 2020-07-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-4773-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-4773-6">978-0-8179-4773-6</a>, 9780817947736 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Fiona de Londras, Detention in the 'War on Terror': Can Human Rights Fight Back?, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=daLDq8aKFrkC&dq=term+%22separation+barrier%22&pg=PA177">pp. 177–78</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200710210302/https://books.google.com/books?id=daLDq8aKFrkC&pg=PA177&dq=term+%22separation+barrier%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FeguUfmYMqLq0wHUpYGgDw&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=term%20%22separation%20barrier%22&f=false">Archived</a> 2020-07-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, " <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-50003-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-50003-6">978-1-139-50003-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1139500036" title="Special:BookSources/978-1139500036">978-1139500036</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_Key_terms-19"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_Key_terms_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307023217/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_6040000/newsid_6044000/6044090.stm">"Israel and the Palestinians: Key terms"</a>. BBC News. 2006-10-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_6040000/newsid_6044000/6044090.stm#barrier">the original</a> on 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2008-03-15. <q>BBC journalists should try to avoid using terminology favoured by one side or another in any dispute. The BBC uses the terms "barrier", "separation barrier" or "West Bank barrier" as acceptable generic descriptions to avoid the political connotations of "security fence" (preferred by the Israeli government) or "apartheid wall" (preferred by Palestinians).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+and+the+Palestinians%3A+Key+terms&rft.date=2006-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fnewswatch%2Fukfs%2Fhi%2Fnewsid_6040000%2Fnewsid_6044000%2F6044090.stm%23barrier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/node/2119356">"A safety measure or a land grab?"</a>. The Economist. 2003-10-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208105303/http://www.economist.com/node/2119356">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-08. Retrieved 2014-10-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=A+safety+measure+or+a+land+grab%3F&rft.date=2003-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F2119356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150915/http://www.pbs.org/pov/5brokencameras/photo_gallery_background.php#.VD3fNmQf201">"'5 Broken Cameras' in Context"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. August 26, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/pov/5brokencameras/photo_gallery_background.php#.VD3fNmQf201">the original</a> on 2015-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%275+Broken+Cameras%27+in+Context&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=2013-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fpov%2F5brokencameras%2Fphoto_gallery_background.php%23.VD3fNmQf201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronner2014" class="citation news cs1">Bronner, Ethan (2014-07-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sunday-review/for-israelis-and-palestinians-separation-is-dehumanizing.html?_r=0">"A Damaging Distance"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630040115/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sunday-review/for-israelis-and-palestinians-separation-is-dehumanizing.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2017-02-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Damaging+Distance&rft.date=2014-07-11&rft.aulast=Bronner&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F13%2Fsunday-review%2Ffor-israelis-and-palestinians-separation-is-dehumanizing.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/palestinian/pages/saving%20lives-%20israel-s%20security%20fence.aspx">"Saving Lives-Israel's Security Fence"</a>. www.mfa.gov.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130803214528/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/palestinian/pages/saving%20lives-%20israel-s%20security%20fence.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2019-10-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mfa.gov.il&rft.atitle=Saving+Lives-Israel%27s+Security+Fence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2Fmfa%2Fforeignpolicy%2Fterrorism%2Fpalestinian%2Fpages%2Fsaving%2520lives-%2520israel-s%2520security%2520fence.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICI-Advise-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICI-Advise_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICI-Advise_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070330173859/http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/imwp/imwpframe.htm">"Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Advisory Opinion"</a>. Cases. <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>. July 9, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/imwp/imwpframe.htm">the original</a> on March 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cases&rft.atitle=Legal+Consequences+of+the+Construction+of+a+Wall+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory%3A+Advisory+Opinion&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Ficjwww%2Fidocket%2Fimwp%2Fimwpframe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> The Road Map to Nowhere: Israel/Palestine Since 2003, Tanya Reinhart (2006) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522231305/http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=629">"The Plot of the Eastern Segregation Wall"</a>. poica.org. 16 July 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=629">the original</a> on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Plot+of+the+Eastern+Segregation+Wall&rft.pub=poica.org&rft.date=2005-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poica.org%2Feditor%2Fcase_studies%2Fview.php%3FrecordID%3D629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alatout_2006-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Alatout_2006_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlatout2006" class="citation journal cs1">Alatout, Samer (August 2006). "Towards a bio-territorial conception of power: Territory, population, and environmental narratives in Palestine and Israel". <a href="/wiki/Political_Geography_(journal)" title="Political Geography (journal)">Political Geography</a>. 25 (6): 601–621. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.polgeo.2006.03.008">10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.03.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Geography&rft.atitle=Towards+a+bio-territorial+conception+of+power%3A+Territory%2C+population%2C+and+environmental+narratives+in+Palestine+and+Israel&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=601-621&rft.date=2006-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.polgeo.2006.03.008&rft.aulast=Alatout&rft.aufirst=Samer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabian2022" class="citation web cs1">Fabian, Emanuel (2022-06-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-wake-of-terror-attacks-israel-reinforces-stretch-of-northern-west-bank-barrier/">"After terror attacks, Israel reinforces part of West Bank barrier with 9-meter wall"</a>. The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2022-06-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=After+terror+attacks%2C+Israel+reinforces+part+of+West+Bank+barrier+with+9-meter+wall&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft.aulast=Fabian&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fin-wake-of-terror-attacks-israel-reinforces-stretch-of-northern-west-bank-barrier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-securityfence-29"><a href="#cite_ref-securityfence_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFx2007" class="citation web cs1">x (2007-01-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927223855/http://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/operational.htm">"Operational Concept"</a>. Israel: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Ministry of Defense (Israel)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/operational.htm">the original</a> on September 27, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-18. <q>The Security Fence is a multi layered composite obstacle comprised of several elements: * A ditch and a pyramid shaped stack of six coils of barbed wire on the eastern side of the structure, barbed wire only on the western side. * A path enabling the patrol of IDF forces on both sides of the structure. * An intrusion- detection fence, in the center, with sensors to warn of any incursion. * Smoothed strip of sand that runs parallel to the fence, to detect footprints.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operational+Concept&rft.place=Israel&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defense+%28Israel%29&rft.date=2007-01-31&rft.au=x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.securityfence.mod.gov.il%2FPages%2FENG%2Foperational.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarahona2013" class="citation book cs1">Barahona, Ana (2013). Bearing Witness – Eight weeks in Palestine. London: Metete. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0"><bdi>978-1-908099-02-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bearing+Witness+%E2%80%93+Eight+weeks+in+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Metete&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-908099-02-0&rft.aulast=Barahona&rft.aufirst=Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HCF-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HCF_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HCF_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HCF_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HCF_31-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zionism-israel.com/hdoc/High_Court_Fence.htm">"Israel High Court Ruling Docket H.C.J. 7957/04: International Legality of the Security Fence and Sections near Alfei Menashe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a>. September 15, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051224134212/http://www.zionism-israel.com/hdoc/High_Court_Fence.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2005-12-24. Retrieved 2007-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+High+Court+Ruling+Docket+H.C.J.+7957%2F04%3A+International+Legality+of+the+Security+Fence+and+Sections+near+Alfei+Menashe&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+Israel&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zionism-israel.com%2Fhdoc%2FHigh_Court_Fence.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-btselem_behind_barrier-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-btselem_behind_barrier_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-btselem_behind_barrier_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-btselem_behind_barrier_32-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/download/200304_behind_the_barrier_eng.pdf">Behind the barrier: Human Rights Violations as a Result of Israel's Separation Barrier</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028235333/https://www.btselem.org/download/200304_behind_the_barrier_eng.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-10-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 5–8. Yehezkel Lein, B'Tselem, March 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/publications/summaries/200304_behind_the_barrier">Here available</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702104437/https://www.btselem.org/publications/summaries/200304_behind_the_barrier">Archived</a> 2020-07-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. p. 8: "The average width of the barrier complex is sixty meters. Due to topographic constraints, a narrower barrier will be erected in some areas and will not include all of the elements that support the electronic fence. However, as the state indicated to the High Court of Justice, "in certain cases, the barrier will reach a width of one hundred meters due to the topographic conditions." </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/arielbloc.html">"The Ariel Settlement 'Bloc'"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051104112231/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/arielbloc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2005-11-04. Retrieved 2016-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ariel+Settlement+%27Bloc%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FPeace%2Farielbloc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/11/05/mideast/">"Palestinians: Israel hands out land confiscation notices"</a>. CNN. November 7, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031210045314/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/11/05/mideast/">Archived</a> from the original on 2003-12-10. Retrieved 2013-09-17. <q>The West Bank barrier generally runs close to the pre-1967 Mideast war border – the so-called Green Line – but dips into the West Bank to include some Jewish settlements. Israel says a new section will extend deep into the West Bank, surrounding several West Bank towns.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinians%3A+Israel+hands+out+land+confiscation+notices&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F11%2F05%2Fmideast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OCHAoPt_update_5-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OCHAoPt_update_5_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCHAoPt_update_5_35-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/OCHABarRprt05_Full.pdf">The Humanitarian Impact of the West Bank Barrier on Palestinian Communities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305232600/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/OCHABarRprt05_Full.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-03-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Update No. 5 (including maps). OCHAoPt, March 2005 (1.9 MB) </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/659581cf3863644f85256fbf0068c624">Preliminary Analysis of the Humanitarian Implications of February 2005 Barrier Projections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111161349/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/659581CF3863644F85256FBF0068C624">Archived</a> 2013-11-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. OCHAoPt, 8 March 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-UNOCHA-37"><a href="#cite_ref-UNOCHA_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116103149/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/Barrierprojections_Jan04%20_25Feb04_eng.pdf">"Preliminary analysis reveals that the planned route to complete the Barrier will have severe humanitarian consequences for hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in the West Bank"</a> (PDF). United Nations, Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs. January 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ochaopt.org/documents/Barrierprojections_Jan04%20_25Feb04_eng.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-09-08. <q>West Bank land affected About 77,000 hectares (191,000 acres) – or about 13.5 percent – of West Bank land (excluding East Jerusalem) will lie between the Barrier and the Green Line, according to the Israeli Government projections. (See map attached). This will include 16,000 hectares (39,000 acres) enclosed in a series of enclaves and 62,000 hectares (152,000 acres) in closed areas between the Green Line and the Barrier.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+analysis+reveals+that+the+planned+route+to+complete+the+Barrier+will+have+severe+humanitarian+consequences+for+hundreds+of+thousands+of+Palestinians+in+the+West+Bank&rft.pub=United+Nations%2C+Office+for+the+coordination+of+humanitarian+affairs&rft.date=2004-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2FBarrierprojections_Jan04%2520_25Feb04_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTselem-stats-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTselem-stats_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTselem-stats_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTselem-stats_38-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier/statistics">Separation Barrier – Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705235550/http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier/statistics">Archived</a> 2011-07-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. B'Tselem, update 16 July 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-OCHAoPt_Update_2006-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OCHAoPt_Update_2006_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCHAoPt_Update_2006_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCHAoPt_Update_2006_39-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/OCHABarrierProj_6jul06_web.pdf">Barrier Route Projections – Update 5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717120750/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ochabarrierproj_6jul06_web.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. OCHAoPt, July 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-OCHAoPt_Preliminary_analysis-40"><a href="#cite_ref-OCHAoPt_Preliminary_analysis_40-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/Barrierprojections_Jan04%20_25Feb04_eng.pdf">Barrier Route Projections – Update 2: Preliminary Analysis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116103149/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/Barrierprojections_Jan04%20_25Feb04_eng.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. OCHAoPt, January 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/thefence.htm">Map of Israel Security Barrier ("Wall") – Current Status (2006)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312143540/http://www.mideastweb.org/thefence.htm">Archived</a> 2020-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> MidEastWeb, June 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/arm03.htm">Jordanian-Israeli General Armistice Agreement, April 3, 1949</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050610084721/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/arm03.htm">Archived</a> June 10, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Avalon Project </li> <li id="cite_note-Makovsky-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Makovsky_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Makovsky_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Makovsky_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Makovsky_43-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060219223624/http://www.amherst.edu/~daschaich/writings/rant/fence.pdf">"How to Build a Fence"</a> (PDF). Archived from the original on 2006-02-19. Retrieved 2013-08-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Build+a+Fence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amherst.edu%2F~daschaich%2Fwritings%2Frant%2Ffence.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>), pp. 50–64. David Makovsky, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, volume 83, issue 2, March/April 2004; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0015-7120">0015-7120</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20033902">10.2307/20033902</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabarani-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tabarani_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabarani_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabarani_44-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMqLgW_B_BAC&pg=PA325">Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: from Balfour Promise to Bush Declaration: The Complications and the Road for a Lasting Peace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123112516/https://books.google.com/books?id=AMqLgW_B_BAC&pg=PA325">Archived</a> 2016-01-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 325–26. Gabriel G. Tabarani, AuthorHouse, 2008; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4678-7904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4678-7904-0">978-1-4678-7904-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_45-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kftqQdNNDWAC&pg=PA191">Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123112516/https://books.google.com/books?id=kftqQdNNDWAC&pg=PA191">Archived</a> 2016-01-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 191. Gerald M. Steinberg, Routledge, 2013; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77862-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77862-6">978-0-415-77862-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-First_section-46"><a href="#cite_ref-First_section_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandy_Nunez2006" class="citation web cs1">Sandy Nunez (June 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Story?id=130307&page=1">"Warring Communities Separated By Wall"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110131215345/https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=130307&page=1">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warring+Communities+Separated+By+Wall&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2006-06-06&rft.au=Sandy+Nunez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FWNT%2FStory%3Fid%3D130307%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unispal.un.org-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unispal.un.org_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unispal.un.org_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unispal.un.org_47-2">c</a> UN Division for Palestinian Rights, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/3790975C4E7E4084852569D6006553B3">Monthly media monitoring review, December 2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104205003/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/3790975C4E7E4084852569D6006553B3">Archived</a> 2013-11-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. See par. 25 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilboa-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Gilboa_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatner2002" class="citation news cs1">Ratner, David (February 12, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.7th-day.co.il/hayom-hashvie/fence.htm">"Gilboa towns build DIY separation fence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310193418/http://www.7th-day.co.il/hayom-hashvie/fence.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2007-04-16. <q>Residents in the Gilboa region waited two years for a separation fence to be built. Now, after having sent repeated entreaties to the government and having received assorted, unfulfilled promises, they have decided to 'take the law into their own hands,' and build the fence themselves.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Gilboa+towns+build+DIY+separation+fence&rft.date=2002-02-12&rft.aulast=Ratner&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.7th-day.co.il%2Fhayom-hashvie%2Ffence.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICJ_ruling-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ_ruling_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ_ruling_49-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion, July 9, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-AP_Israel_approves-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP_Israel_approves_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_Israel_approves_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_Israel_approves_50-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/israeli-cabinet-approves-gaza-withdrawal/">Israeli Cabinet Approves Gaza Withdrawal</a> . Associated Press, 20 February 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_210205-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_210205_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_210205_51-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/21/israel1">Move to annex settlements overshadows Israeli cabinet's approval of Gaza pullout</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702220720/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/21/israel1">Archived</a> 2020-07-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Chris McGreal, The Guardian, 21 February 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/WestBank_Barrier_Feb05.pdf">Map of the West Bank Barrier: New Route Comparison</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109133017/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/WestBank_Barrier_Feb05.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-11-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Jurist, April 30, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/images/Seamzone_map_eng.jpg">Official map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630230859/http://www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/images/Seamzone_map_eng.jpg">Archived</a> 2007-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/news.htm#news45">"Status reports Israeli Ministry of Defense"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928153458/http://seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/news.htm#news45">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-28. 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Retrieved 2007-08-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Shin+Bet%3A+Palestinian+truce+main+cause+for+reduced+terror&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Amos+Hrel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fobjects%2Fpages%2FPrintArticleEn.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D664916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arens-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Arens_65-0">^</a> Moshe Arens: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1031952.html">The fence, revisited</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081031083227/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1031952.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Haaretz October 28, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stratton07-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Stratton07_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStratton2007" class="citation journal cs1">Stratton, Samuel (August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610165155/http://pdm.medicine.wisc.edu/Volume_22/issue_4/stratton.pdf">"Editorial comments – "West Bank barrier decreases access to schools and health services""</a> (PDF). 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Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 22 (4): 263–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1049023X00004829">10.1017/S1049023X00004829</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1049-023X">1049-023X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18019090">18019090</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19717007">19717007</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdm.medicine.wisc.edu/Volume_22/issue_4/doocy.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2010-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prehospital+and+Disaster+Medicine&rft.atitle=West+Bank+barrier+decreases+access+to+schools+and+health+services&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=263-66&rft.date=2007-08&rft.issn=1049-023X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19717007%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18019090&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1049023X00004829&rft.aulast=Qato&rft.aufirst=Dima&rft.au=Shannon+Doocy&rft.au=Deborah+Tsuchida&rft.au=P+Gregg+Greenough&rft.au=Gilbert+Burnham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdm.medicine.wisc.edu%2FVolume_22%2Fissue_4%2Fdoocy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarahona2013" class="citation book cs1">Barahona, Ana (2013). Bearing Witness – Eight weeks in Palestine. London: Metete. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0"><bdi>978-1-908099-02-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bearing+Witness+%E2%80%93+Eight+weeks+in+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Metete&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-908099-02-0&rft.aulast=Barahona&rft.aufirst=Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-humanitarianinfo_Rprt05-69"><a href="#cite_ref-humanitarianinfo_Rprt05_69-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/32943465E443DEFE8525700C0066B181">The Humanitarian Impact of the West Bank Barrier on Palestinian Communities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715065345/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/32943465E443DEFE8525700C0066B181">Archived</a> 2015-07-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Update No. 5, March 2005. OCHAoPt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/OCHABarRprt05_Full.pdf">Original PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305232600/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/OCHABarRprt05_Full.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-03-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1.9 MB). See Chap. 1, Findings and Overview </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Q&A_September_2005-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Q&A_September_2005_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Q&A_September_2005_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Q&A_September_2005_70-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3111159.stm">"Q&A: What is the West Bank barrier?"</a>. BBC News. 15 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001112737/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3111159.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2008-03-15. <q>The solid section around the Palestinian town of Qalqilya is conceived as a "sniper wall" to prevent gun attacks against Israeli motorists on the nearby Trans-Israel Highway.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+What+is+the+West+Bank+barrier%3F&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3111159.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/jun/24/20040624-112922-9037r/">"Mideast security barrier working"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211040451/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/jun/24/20040624-112922-9037r/">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2020-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Mideast+security+barrier+working&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2Fjun%2F24%2F20040624-112922-9037r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041130200658/http://www.israel-un.org/committees/duggardrprt.htm">"Letter dated 25 October 2004 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General"</a>. Permanent Mission of Israel to the United Nations. 25 October 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israel-un.org/committees/duggardrprt.htm">the original</a> on 30 November 2004. Retrieved 24 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+dated+25+October+2004+from+the+Permanent+Representative+of+Israel+to+the+United+Nations+addressed+to+the+Secretary-General&rft.pub=Permanent+Mission+of+Israel+to+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2004-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israel-un.org%2Fcommittees%2Fduggardrprt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041015022943/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1087441302553">"Israeli Arabs credit fence for newfound prosperity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. June 18, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/Printer&cid=1087441302553">the original</a> on 2004-10-15. Retrieved 2020-07-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Israeli+Arabs+credit+fence+for+newfound+prosperity&rft.date=2004-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter%26cid%3D1087441302553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050909092637/http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/ochaHU0805_En.pdf">"Special Focus: Closure Count and Analysis"</a> (PDF). Humanitarian Update. August 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/ochaHU0805_En.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2005-09-09. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Focus%3A+Closure+Count+and+Analysis&rft.pub=Humanitarian+Update&rft.date=2005-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanitarianinfo.org%2Fopt%2Fdocs%2FUN%2FOCHA%2FochaHU0805_En.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_November_2003-75"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_November_2003_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/11/05/mideast/">"Palestinians: Israel hands out land confiscation notices"</a>. CNN. November 7, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031210045314/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/11/05/mideast/">Archived</a> from the original on 2003-12-10. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinians%3A+Israel+hands+out+land+confiscation+notices&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F11%2F05%2Fmideast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarahona2013" class="citation book cs1">Barahona, Ana (2013). Bearing Witness – Eight weeks in Palestine. London: Metete. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0"><bdi>978-1-908099-02-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bearing+Witness+%E2%80%93+Eight+weeks+in+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Metete&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-908099-02-0&rft.aulast=Barahona&rft.aufirst=Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ochajuly2009-77"><a href="#cite_ref-ochajuly2009_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091013032616/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_barrier_report_july_2009_english_low_res.pdf">"OCHA oPt Barrier Report July 2009"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_barrier_report_july_2009_english_low_res.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2009-10-13. Retrieved 2009-11-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OCHA+oPt+Barrier+Report+July+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2Focha_opt_barrier_report_july_2009_english_low_res.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-humanitarianinfo_2004-78"><a href="#cite_ref-humanitarianinfo_2004_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHEPG2004" class="citation web cs1">HEPG (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228223642/http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/Barrierupdate7mar04.pdf">"The Impact of Israel's Separation Barrier on Affected West Bank Communities"</a> (PDF). Humanitarian Emergency Policy Group (HEPG). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/Barrierupdate7mar04.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2008-03-15. <q>In preparation of the new route of the Barrier in Nazlat Isa, the IDF demolished more than 120 shops during August 2003. A second demolition of 82 shops was completed by the IDF in January 2003. Storeowners were given as little as 30 minutes to evacuate their premises before the demolitions started. Apart from Tulkarm town, Nazlat Isa was the main commercial centre for the Tulkarm area and was heavily dependent on commerce with Israel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+Israel%27s+Separation+Barrier+on+Affected+West+Bank+Communities&rft.pub=Humanitarian+Emergency+Policy+Group+%28HEPG%29&rft.date=2004-03&rft.au=HEPG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanitarianinfo.org%2Fopt%2Fdocs%2FUN%2FOCHA%2FBarrierupdate7mar04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_Jan_2003-79"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_Jan_2003_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Bennet2003" class="citation news cs1">James Bennet (2003-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06E1DF1030F931A15752C0A9659C8B63">"Israel Destroys Arabs´ Shops in West Bank"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017161533/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06E1DF1030F931A15752C0A9659C8B63">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2008-03-15. <q>Jan. 21 – The Israeli Army used bulldozers to flatten dozens of shops today in one of the few thriving Palestinian commercial centers near the West Bank boundary, saying that the store owners lacked permits.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+Destroys+Arabs%C2%B4+Shops+in+West+Bank&rft.date=2003-01-22&rft.au=James+Bennet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E06E1DF1030F931A15752C0A9659C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miftah.org/Display.cfm?DocId=2401&CategoryId=4">"MIFTAH - Bad Fences Make Bad Neighbors – Part V: Focus on Zayta"</a>. www.miftah.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629183404/http://www.miftah.org/Display.cfm?DocId=2401&CategoryId=4">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2005-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.miftah.org&rft.atitle=MIFTAH+-+Bad+Fences+Make+Bad+Neighbors+%E2%80%93+Part+V%3A+Focus+on+Zayta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miftah.org%2FDisplay.cfm%3FDocId%3D2401%26CategoryId%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040417032458/http://www.palestinemonitor.org/factsheet/wall_fact_sheet.htm">"Palestine Fact Sheets"</a>. The Palestine Monitor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinemonitor.org/factsheet/wall_fact_sheet.htm">the original</a> on 2004-04-17. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestine+Fact+Sheets&rft.pub=The+Palestine+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinemonitor.org%2Ffactsheet%2Fwall_fact_sheet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/unescwa/unpan035390.pdf">"Economic and Social Repercussions of the Israeli Occupation. Facts and Figures"</a> (PDF). Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312063043/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/unescwa/unpan035390.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-12. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+and+Social+Repercussions+of+the+Israeli+Occupation.+Facts+and+Figures&rft.pub=Economic+and+Social+Commission+for+Western+Asia+%28ESCWA%29&rft.date=2008-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funpan1.un.org%2Fintradoc%2Fgroups%2Fpublic%2Fdocuments%2Funescwa%2Funpan035390.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/settlements/20060213_annexation_of_the_jordan_valley">Israel has de facto annexed the Jordan Valley</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630183915/https://www.btselem.org/settlements/20060213_annexation_of_the_jordan_valley">Archived</a> 2020-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%27tselem" class="mw-redirect" title="B'tselem">B'tselem</a>, February 13, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Akiva Eldar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-effectively-annexes-palestinian-land-near-jordan-valley-1.396225">Israel effectively annexes Palestinian land near Jordan Valley</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512022125/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-effectively-annexes-palestinian-land-near-jordan-valley-1.396225">Archived</a> 2015-05-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>, November 18, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Ferry Biedermann, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2004/11/mideast-environment-too-encounters-a-barrier/">Mideast: Environment Too Encounters a Barrier</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629184215/http://www.ipsnews.net/2004/11/mideast-environment-too-encounters-a-barrier/">Archived</a> 2020-06-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inter_Press_Service" title="Inter Press Service">Inter Press Service</a>, November 25, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=576374">Beyond the E-1 Israeli settlement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028190247/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=576374">Archived</a> 2014-10-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a>, March 3, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/eu-on-verge-of-abandoning-hope-for-a-viable-palestinian-state-28701935.html">EU on verge of abandoning hope for a viable Palestinian state</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820172851/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/eu-on-verge-of-abandoning-hope-for-a-viable-palestinian-state-28701935.html">Archived</a> 2018-08-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Belfast_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="The Belfast Telegraph">The Belfast Telegraph</a>, January 12, 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-JewishJournal-88"><a href="#cite_ref-JewishJournal_88-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishjournal.com/israel/article/barak_consider_unilateral_separation_from_west_bank">Barak: consider unilateral separation from West Bank</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201102506/http://www.jewishjournal.com/israel/article/barak_consider_unilateral_separation_from_west_bank">Archived</a> 2014-02-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Journal_of_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles">The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles</a>, March 4, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Feb_2005-89"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Feb_2005_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4268079.stm">"Barrier 'harms West Bank health'"</a>. BBC News. 15 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070219173007/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4268079.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2008-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Barrier+%27harms+West+Bank+health%27&rft.date=2005-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4268079.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmj_2005-90"><a href="#cite_ref-bmj_2005_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeborah_Cohen2005" class="citation journal cs1">Deborah Cohen (19 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC549101">"Barrier in West Bank threatens residents' health care, says report"</a>. BMJ. 330 (7488): 381.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.330.7488.381">10.1136/bmj.330.7488.381</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC549101">549101</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15718525">15718525</a>. <q>In Abu Dis and Aizaria, two Palestinian towns where the barrier has already been completed, the average time for an ambulance to travel to the nearest hospitals in Jerusalem has increased from about 10 minutes to over one hour and 50 minutes, according to the report. Mr Garrigue says that once the barrier is completed this problem will affect many more villages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Barrier+in+West+Bank+threatens+residents%27+health+care%2C+says+report&rft.volume=330&rft.issue=7488&rft.pages=381.1&rft.date=2005-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC549101%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15718525&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.330.7488.381&rft.au=Deborah+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC549101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-phr_2005-91"><a href="#cite_ref-phr_2005_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbrahim_Habib2005" class="citation web cs1">Ibrahim Habib (October 20, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228223620/http://www.phr.org.il/phr/files/articlefile_1134502825051.doc">"A Wall in the Heart – The Separation Barrier and its Impact on the Right to Health and on Palestinian Hospitals in East Jerusalem"</a>. Physicians for Human Rights-Israel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phr.org.il/phr/files/articlefile_1134502825051.doc">the original</a> (Word DOC) on February 28, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Wall+in+the+Heart+%E2%80%93+The+Separation+Barrier+and+its+Impact+on+the+Right+to+Health+and+on+Palestinian+Hospitals+in+East+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Physicians+for+Human+Rights-Israel&rft.date=2005-10-20&rft.au=Ibrahim+Habib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phr.org.il%2Fphr%2Ffiles%2Farticlefile_1134502825051.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_%27separation%27_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_%27separation%27_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL PDF</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/occupied/checkpoint/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/occupied/checkpoint/</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakir2021" class="citation journal cs1">Shakir, Omar (27 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution">"A Threshold Crossed"</a>. Human Rights Watch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=A+Threshold+Crossed&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Shakir&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2021%2F04%2F27%2Fthreshold-crossed%2Fisraeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_%27separation%27_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_%27separation%27_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL PDF</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_'separation'_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_'separation'_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL PDF</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_'separation'_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_'separation'_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL PDF</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_'separation'_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachel-Busbridge/publication/303982954_The_wall_has_feet_but_so_do_we_Palestinian_workers_in_Israel_and_the_'separation'_wall/links/599249410f7e9b433f415156/The-wall-has-feet-but-so-do-we-Palestinian-workers-in-Israel-and-the-separation-wall.pdf</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL PDF</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakir2021" class="citation journal cs1">Shakir, Omar (27 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution#_ftn330">"A Threshold Crossed"</a>. Human Rights Watch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=A+Threshold+Crossed&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Shakir&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2021%2F04%2F27%2Fthreshold-crossed%2Fisraeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution%23_ftn330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Full-Report.pdf">https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Full-Report.pdf</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL PDF</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakir2021" class="citation journal cs1">Shakir, Omar (27 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution">"A Threshold Crossed"</a>. Human Rights Watch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=A+Threshold+Crossed&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Shakir&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2021%2F04%2F27%2Fthreshold-crossed%2Fisraeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBank2013" class="citation web cs1">Bank, The World (2013-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/137111468329419171/West-Bank-and-Gaza-Area-C-and-the-future-of-the-Palestinian-economy">"West Bank and Gaza - Area C and the future of the Palestinian economy"</a>. pp. 1–71. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923225931/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/137111468329419171/West-Bank-and-Gaza-Area-C-and-the-future-of-the-Palestinian-economy">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2019-10-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Bank+and+Gaza+-+Area+C+and+the+future+of+the+Palestinian+economy&rft.pages=1-71&rft.date=2013-10-02&rft.aulast=Bank&rft.aufirst=The+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F137111468329419171%2FWest-Bank-and-Gaza-Area-C-and-the-future-of-the-Palestinian-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Id. How to Build a Fence at the Wayback Machine (archived February 19, 2006), pp. 50–64. David Makovsky, Foreign Affairs, volume 83, issue 2, March/April 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-btselem_-_Separation_Barrier-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-btselem_-_Separation_Barrier_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-btselem_-_Separation_Barrier_104-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB'Tselem2007" class="citation web cs1">B'Tselem (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/English/Separation_Barrier/index.asp">"Separation Barrier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030801100728/http://www.btselem.org/English/Separation_Barrier/index.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2003-08-01. Retrieved 2008-03-17. <q>The harm to the farming sector is liable to have drastic economic effects on the residents – whose economic situation is already very difficult – and drive many families into poverty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Separation+Barrier&rft.pub=B%27Tselem&rft.date=2007&rft.au=B%27Tselem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2FEnglish%2FSeparation_Barrier%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_March_2006-105"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_March_2006_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4830654.stm">"Israel barrier 'hurting farmers'"</a>. BBC News. 21 March 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070107055242/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4830654.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-01-07. Retrieved 2008-03-17. <q>A UN report into the humanitarian impact of Israel's West Bank barrier says it has caused widespread losses to Palestinian farmers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel+barrier+%27hurting+farmers%27&rft.date=2006-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4830654.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/2003/10/15/Worldandnation/US_vetoes_UN_resoluti.shtml">"U.S. vetoes U.N. resolution on Israeli wall"</a>. St. Petersburg Times. October 15, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017192953/http://sptimes.com/2003/10/15/Worldandnation/US_vetoes_UN_resoluti.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+vetoes+U.N.+resolution+on+Israeli+wall&rft.date=2003-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptimes.com%2F2003%2F10%2F15%2FWorldandnation%2FUS_vetoes_UN_resoluti.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305232558/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1579.pdf">"Written Statement of the Government of Israel on Jurisdiction and Propriety"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1579.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Written+Statement+of+the+Government+of+Israel+on+Jurisdiction+and+Propriety&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1579.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-Vio-108"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN-Vio_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/07/09/israel.barrier/index.html">"U.N. court rules West Bank barrier illegal"</a>. CNN. July 9, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108022553/http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/07/09/israel.barrier/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2007-04-16. <q>The International Court of Justice has said the barrier Israel is building to seal off the West Bank violates international law because it infringes on the rights of Palestinians. In an advisory opinion issued Friday in The Hague, the U.N. court urged the Israelis to remove it from occupied land. The nonbinding opinion also found that Israel was obligated to return confiscated land or make reparations for any destruction or damage to homes, businesses and farms caused by the barrier's construction.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.N.+court+rules+West+Bank+barrier+illegal&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2004%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F07%2F09%2Fisrael.barrier%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion, "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory", paragraphs 120–137 and 163 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">"Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2010-07-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cour+internationale+de+Justice+%E2%80%93+International+Court+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1671.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988">; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/414ad9a719.pdf">English version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902185218/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/414ad9a719.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-09-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Permanent Observer of Palestine, 30 January 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/pdfs/Palestine.pdf">Written statement submitted by Palestine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117212607/http://domino.un.org/pdfs/Palestine.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-01-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> See the report of The UN Fact Finding Mission on Gaza, A/HRC/12/48, 25 September 2009, paragraph 1548 </li> <li id="cite_note-google3-112"><a href="#cite_ref-google3_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiulio_Meotti2010" class="citation book cs1">Giulio Meotti (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gqMVfx6dCJkC&q=shalhevet+pass+became&pg=PA125">A New Shoah: The Untold Story of Israel's Victims of Terrorism</a>. Encounter Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59403-477-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59403-477-0"><bdi>978-1-59403-477-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830102757/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqMVfx6dCJkC&q=shalhevet+pass+became&pg=PA125">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Shoah%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+Israel%27s+Victims+of+Terrorism&rft.pub=Encounter+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59403-477-0&rft.au=Giulio+Meotti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgqMVfx6dCJkC%26q%3Dshalhevet%2Bpass%2Bbecame%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-btselem_behind_barrier_press-113"><a href="#cite_ref-btselem_behind_barrier_press_113-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/press_releases/20030413">Behind The Barrier: Human Rights Violations Resulting from Israel's Construction of the Separation Barrier</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630150522/https://www.btselem.org/press_releases/20030413">Archived</a> 2020-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. B'Tselem, 13 April 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/560/020/a28/04020560.a28.pdf">HCJ 2056/04, 30 June 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511200029/http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/560/020/A28/04020560.a28.pdf">Archived</a> 11 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; B'Tselem, 16 September 2005 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/topic-page/high-court-precedent-making-decision-dismantle-section-separation-barrier">High Court in precedent-making decision: Dismantle section of the Separation Barrier</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023162916/http://www.btselem.org/topic-page/high-court-precedent-making-decision-dismantle-section-separation-barrier">Archived</a> 2017-10-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/570/079/a14/04079570.a14.pdf">HCJ 7957/04, 15 September 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20051028233445/http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/570/079/a14/04079570.a14.pdf">Archived</a> 2005-10-28 at <a href="/wiki/Archive-It" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive-It">Archive-It</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES-10/14-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ES-10/14_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ES-10/14_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ES-10/14_115-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525130051/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/0163EF0C6E99036F85256EB3004E6EBF">"ES-10/14. Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory"</a>. United Nations. 2003-12-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/0163EF0C6E99036F85256EB3004E6EBF">the original</a> on 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2010-04-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ES-10%2F14.+Illegal+Israeli+actions+in+Occupied+East+Jerusalem+and+the+rest+of+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2003-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F0163EF0C6E99036F85256EB3004E6EBF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES-10/15-116"><a href="#cite_ref-ES-10/15_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920045950/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/F3B95E613518A0AC85256EEB00683444">"Resolution ES-10/15. Advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem"</a>. United Nations News Centre. 2 August 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/F3B95E613518A0AC85256EEB00683444">the original</a> on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-17. <q>Doc.nr. A/RES/ES-10/15</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+ES-10%2F15.+Advisory+opinion+of+the+International+Court+of+Justice+on+the+Legal+Consequences+of+the+Construction+of+a+Wall+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory%2C+including+in+and+around+East+Jerusalem&rft.pub=United+Nations+News+Centre&rft.date=2004-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2FF3B95E613518A0AC85256EEB00683444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11418&Cr=middle&Cr1=east">"UN Assembly votes overwhelmingly to demand Israel comply with ICJ ruling"</a>. United Nations News Centre. 20 July 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029230706/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11418&Cr=middle&Cr1=east">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Assembly+votes+overwhelmingly+to+demand+Israel+comply+with+ICJ+ruling&rft.pub=United+Nations+News+Centre&rft.date=2004-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D11418%26Cr%3Dmiddle%26Cr1%3Deast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN-118"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11418&Cr=middle&Cr1=east">"UN Assembly votes overwhelmingly to demand Israel comply with ICJ ruling"</a>. United Nations News Centre. July 20, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029230706/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11418&Cr=middle&Cr1=east">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2007-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Assembly+votes+overwhelmingly+to+demand+Israel+comply+with+ICJ+ruling&rft.pub=United+Nations+News+Centre&rft.date=2004-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D11418%26Cr%3Dmiddle%26Cr1%3Deast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3911785.stm">"UN demands Israel scrap barrier"</a>. BBC. July 21, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015232455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3911785.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-10-15. Retrieved 2007-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UN+demands+Israel+scrap+barrier&rft.date=2004-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F3911785.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=402996&contrassID=1">Peace Index / Most Israelis support the fence, despite Palestinian suffering</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211032109/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=402996&contrassID=1">Archived</a> 2008-12-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Haaretz. Israel News. Ephraim Yaar, Tamar Hermann. March 10, 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005425/http://www.peacenow.org.il/site/en/peace.asp?pi=69&docid=1237&pos=2">"Peace Now : Opinions > Peace Now Positions"</a>. 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Retrieved 2007-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Israel+and+the+Occupied+Territories%3A+Under+the+rubble%3A+House+demolition+and+destruction+of+land+and+property&rft.date=2004-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmde15%2F033%2F2004%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox2003-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox2003_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox2003_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2003" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press (August 5, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/powell-criticizes-israeli-fence-in-west-bank">"Powell Criticizes Israeli Fence in West Bank"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110416041959/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,93794,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2010-08-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Powell+Criticizes+Israeli+Fence+in+West+Bank&rft.date=2003-08-05&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fpowell-criticizes-israeli-fence-in-west-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bush,_George_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Bush, George W">Bush, George W</a>. 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January 26, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213003725/http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/31430/famed-attorney-lays-out-plan-for-peace/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jweek&rft.atitle=Famed+attorney+lays+out+plan+for+peace&rft.date=2007-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jweekly.com%2Farticle%2Ffull%2F31430%2Ffamed-attorney-lays-out-plan-for-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/news/30676">"Israel rebukes Ashton for voicing 'concern' on military trial"</a>. EUobserver. 26 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006003025/https://euobserver.com/news/30676">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-10-06. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international.gc.ca/name-anmo/peace_process-processus_paix/canadian_policy-politique_canadienne.aspx?lang=eng">the original</a> on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2012-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+policy+on+key+issues+in+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.pub=Department+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+International+Trade+%E2%80%93+Canadian+Government&rft.date=2007-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international.gc.ca%2Fname-anmo%2Fpeace_process-processus_paix%2Fcanadian_policy-politique_canadienne.aspx%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLobe2003" class="citation web cs1">Lobe, Jim (2003-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210190629/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/1220-09.htm">"US Peace Activists Denounce Sharon's Speech"</a>. Inter Press Service. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101054022/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/oct/18/israel">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-01. Retrieved 2007-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel+redraws+the+roadmap%2C+building+quietly+and+quickly&rft.date=2005-10-18&rft.aulast=McGreal&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffrontpage%2Fstory%2F0%2C16518%2C1594808%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-miftah_8002-154"><a href="#cite_ref-miftah_8002_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miftah.org/Display.cfm?DocId=8002&CategoryId=3">"Realities on the Ground"</a>. miftah. July 22, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070321111051/http://www.miftah.org/Display.cfm?DocId=8002&CategoryId=3">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2008-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Realities+on+the+Ground&rft.pub=miftah&rft.date=2005-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miftah.org%2FDisplay.cfm%3FDocId%3D8002%26CategoryId%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-travelbrochuregraphics-155"><a href="#cite_ref-travelbrochuregraphics_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYossi_Klein_Halevi2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Yossi Klein Halevi (2003-10-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000258/http://www.travelbrochuregraphics.com/extra/fenced_in.htm">"Fenced In"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelbrochuregraphics.com/extra/fenced_in.htm">the original</a> on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2008-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Fenced+In&rft.date=2003-10-30&rft.au=Yossi+Klein+Halevi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelbrochuregraphics.com%2Fextra%2Ffenced_in.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_2006-156"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_2006_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Myre2006" class="citation news cs1">Greg Myre (March 9, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/09/international/middleeast/09cnd-mideast.html?">"Olmert Wants to Set Israeli-Palestinian Border by 2010"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407063105/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/09/international/middleeast/09cnd-mideast.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2008-03-17. <q>Ehud Olmert, said that if his Kadima Party wins national elections this month, he would seek to set Israel's permanent borders by 2010, and that the boundary would run along or close to Israel's separation barrier in the West Bank.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Olmert+Wants+to+Set+Israeli-Palestinian+Border+by+2010&rft.date=2006-03-09&rft.au=Greg+Myre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F03%2F09%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F09cnd-mideast.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/israel-proposes-west-bank-barrier-border-204613514.html">Israel proposes West Bank barrier as border</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235906/http://news.yahoo.com/israel-proposes-west-bank-barrier-border-204613514.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Dan Perry and Mohammed Daraghmeh, Associated Press, 27 January 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_SC/7895-158"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_SC/7895_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAHMAD_HAJIHOSSEINI2003" class="citation web cs1">AHMAD HAJIHOSSEINI (2003-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7895.doc.htm">"Press Release SC/7895 Security Council 4841st Meeting (AM)"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090911235125/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7895.doc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-09-11. Retrieved 2008-03-17. <q>AHMAD HAJIHOSSEINI, Observer for the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), said the form of apartheid Israel practised against Palestinians fulfilled all elements of the crime as defined under the 1976 apartheid Convention.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release+SC%2F7895+Security+Council+4841st+Meeting+%28AM%29&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2003-10-14&rft.au=AHMAD+HAJIHOSSEINI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2FPress%2Fdocs%2F2003%2Fsc7895.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm_Hedding2010" class="citation web cs1">Malcolm Hedding (March 11, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Expose-apartheid-charges-real-agenda">"Expose 'apartheid' charge's real agenda"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920024829/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Expose-apartheid-charges-real-agenda">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-20. Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Expose+%27apartheid%27+charge%27s+real+agenda&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft.au=Malcolm+Hedding&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FOpinion%2FOp-Ed-Contributors%2FExpose-apartheid-charges-real-agenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> "... Under painted arches one can glimpse expanses of green lawns and perpetually blue skies, painted by an artist on the gray concrete that hides the Arabs' homes." (<a href="/wiki/Gideon_Levy" title="Gideon Levy">Gideon Levy</a>, "What You See and What You Don't on the Maccabim-Reut Highway to Jerusalem," Ha'aretz, 20 January 2005, Source: Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Spring, 2005), pp. 113–15) </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSethi,_Chitleen_K.2010" class="citation web cs1">Sethi, Chitleen K. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130829165317/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/aug/05/israel.artsnews">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-08-29. 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Retrieved 2018-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Graffiti+Artists+Decorate+Bethlehem+Barrier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D17497631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.art-magazin.de/">"art - Das Kunstmagazin"</a>. Art Magazin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000510020413/https://www.art-magazin.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 2000-05-10. 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Retrieved 2010-03-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Banksy+in+Bethlehem%22.+Art+Das+Kunstmagazin.+21.+December+2007.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-magazin.de%2Fkunst%2F3091.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blublu.org/sito/walls/2007/big/043.jpg">"Blu's website: Walled Christmas tree surrounded by tree stumps. Retrieved 2013-04-18"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101120121845/http://blublu.org/sito/walls/2007/big/043.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-11-20. Retrieved 2013-04-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blu%27s+website%3A+Walled+Christmas+tree+surrounded+by+tree+stumps.+Retrieved+2013-04-18.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blublu.org%2Fsito%2Fwalls%2F2007%2Fbig%2F043.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry" class="citation book cs1">Parry, William. Against the Wall the Art of Resistance in Palestine. 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Retrieved 2013-04-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Pink+Floyd%27s+Roger+Waters+urges+Israel+to+%27tear+down+the+wall%27.+Haaretz.+21+June+2006.&rft.date=2006-06-21&rft.aulast=Lis&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fpink-floyd-s-roger-waters-urges-israel-to-tear-down-the-wall-1.190942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117081320/http://www.jr-art.net/projects/face-2-face">"JR's Face2Face project. Retrieved 2013-04-18"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jr-art.net/projects/face-2-face">the original</a> on 2012-11-17. 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Retrieved 2013-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+street+art+of+JR&rft.date=2010-03-06&rft.au=Elizabeth+Day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2010%2Fmar%2F07%2Fstreet-art-jr-photography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117081320/http://www.jr-art.net/projects/face-2-face">"JR's Face2Face project "</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jr-art.net/projects/face-2-face">the original</a> on 2012-11-17. Retrieved 2013-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JR%27s+Face2Face+project+.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jr-art.net%2Fprojects%2Fface-2-face&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/biennale-de-venise-arsenal-venice">"JR's Face2Face at the Biennale Venice"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623021902/http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/biennale-de-venise-arsenal-venice">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-23. 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Retrieved 2013-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JR%27s+Face2Face+at+the+Mus%C3%A9e+de+la+Photographie%2C+Amsterdam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jr-art.net%2Fexhibitions%2Ffoam-musee-de-la-photographie-amsterdam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708094052/http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/les-rencontres-d-arles-2007">"JR's Face2Face at the Rencontres d'Arles. Retrieved 2013-04-18"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/les-rencontres-d-arles-2007">the original</a> on 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2013-04-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JR%27s+Face2Face+at+the+Rencontres+d%27Arles.+Retrieved+2013-04-18.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jr-art.net%2Fexhibitions%2Fles-rencontres-d-arles-2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/artitud-berlin">"JR's Face2Face at Artitud in Berlin"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623021840/http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/artitud-berlin">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2013-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JR%27s+Face2Face+at+Artitud+in+Berlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jr-art.net%2Fexhibitions%2Fartitud-berlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/artcurial-paris">"JR's Face2Face at Artcurial in Paris. Retrieved 2013-04-18"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623003431/http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/artcurial-paris">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2013-04-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JR%27s+Face2Face+at+Artcurial+in+Paris.+Retrieved+2013-04-18.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jr-art.net%2Fexhibitions%2Fartcurial-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/rath-museum-geneva">"JR's Face2Face at the Rath Museum in Geneva"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623022916/http://www.jr-art.net/exhibitions/rath-museum-geneva">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2013-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JR%27s+Face2Face+at+the+Rath+Museum+in+Geneva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jr-art.net%2Fexhibitions%2Frath-museum-geneva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insideoutproject.net/japan/about">"JR's Face2Face at the Watari-Um Museum in Tokyo"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130319073554/http://www.insideoutproject.net/japan/about">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-03-19. Retrieved 2013-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JR%27s+Face2Face+at+the+Watari-Um+Museum+in+Tokyo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideoutproject.net%2Fjapan%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_184-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090525152516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1900235,00.html">"Postcard from Ramallah"</a>. Time. 1 June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1900235,00.html">the original</a> on May 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Postcard+from+Ramallah&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1900235%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-edition.cnn.com-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edition.cnn.com_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edition.cnn.com_185-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/04/16/palestinian.wall.graffiti/">"Palestinian graffiti spreads message of peace"</a>. CNN. 20 April 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029225741/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/04/16/palestinian.wall.graffiti/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+graffiti+spreads+message+of+peace&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F04%2F16%2Fpalestinian.wall.graffiti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sendamessage.nl/">"SendaMessage Foundation"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080911075224/http://www.sendamessage.nl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-09-11. Retrieved 2013-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SendaMessage+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sendamessage.nl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/focus/60yearsofdivision/2008/05/20086150587752776.html">"Sending a message to the world"</a>. AlJazeera. 23 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111223091456/http://www.aljazeera.com/focus/60yearsofdivision/2008/05/20086150587752776.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sending+a+message+to+the+world&rft.pub=AlJazeera&rft.date=2008-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffocus%2F60yearsofdivision%2F2008%2F05%2F20086150587752776.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickson-188"><a href="#cite_ref-Dickson_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2009" class="citation web cs1">Dickson, Andrew (March 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/theatreblog/2009/mar/20/david-hare-west-bank-playwright-journalist">"David Hare on the West Bank: the playwright turns journalist"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906071124/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/theatreblog/2009/mar/20/david-hare-west-bank-playwright-journalist">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-06. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=David+Hare+on+the+West+Bank%3A+the+playwright+turns+journalist&rft.date=2009-03-20&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2Ftheatreblog%2F2009%2Fmar%2F20%2Fdavid-hare-west-bank-playwright-journalist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vlessing-189"><a href="#cite_ref-Vlessing_189-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlessing2011" class="citation web cs1">Vlessing, Etan (14 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/national-film-board-canada-animate-273705">"National Film Board of Canada to Animate Israel's West Bank Barrier For Theatrical Doc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203212132/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/national-film-board-canada-animate-273705">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-03. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=National+Film+Board+of+Canada+to+Animate+Israel%27s+West+Bank+Barrier+For+Theatrical+Doc&rft.date=2011-12-14&rft.aulast=Vlessing&rft.aufirst=Etan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fnational-film-board-canada-animate-273705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5_Broken_Cameras-190">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5_Broken_Cameras_190-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_Broken_Cameras_190-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy_Goodman_&_Juan_González2012" class="citation web cs1">Amy Goodman & Juan González (June 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2012/6/7/five_broken_cameras_home_videos_evolve">"5 Broken Cameras: Home Videos Evolve into Stirring Film on Palestinian Resistance to Israeli Wall"</a>. Democracy Now!. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608231724/http://www.democracynow.org/2012/6/7/five_broken_cameras_home_videos_evolve">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+Broken+Cameras%3A+Home+Videos+Evolve+into+Stirring+Film+on+Palestinian+Resistance+to+Israeli+Wall&rft.pub=Democracy+Now%21&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft.au=Amy+Goodman+%26+Juan+Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2012%2F6%2F7%2Ffive_broken_cameras_home_videos_evolve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2125423/">"5 Broken Cameras"</a>. IMDb. 22 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126043706/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2125423/">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=5+Broken+Cameras&rft.date=2012-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt2125423%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanan_Greenberg2005" class="citation news cs1">Hanan Greenberg (2005-04-14). [httpd://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3072620,00.html "Army building new Gaza barrier"]. Ynetnews. Israel News, Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921044853/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3072620,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2013-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Army+building+new+Gaza+barrier&rft.date=2005-04-14&rft.au=Hanan+Greenberg&rft_id=httpd%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3072620%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesonline_2008-193"><a href="#cite_ref-timesonline_2008_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(Mohammed_Abed/AFP/Getty)2008" class="citation news cs1">(Mohammed Abed/AFP/Getty) (January 24, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080214155549/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3238615.ece">"Hamas 'spent months cutting through Gaza wall in secret operation'"</a>. London: pub. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3238615.ece">the original</a> on 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2008-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+%27spent+months+cutting+through+Gaza+wall+in+secret+operation%27&rft.date=2008-01-24&rft.au=%28Mohammed+Abed%2FAFP%2FGetty%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Farticle3238615.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/06/movies/06para.html">Palestinian Film Looks at Suicide Bombers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpeoE04Ylmo">Interview Neazh Mashiah – Director of the Israeli separation barrier project</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps">Maps</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825181752/http://www.geneva-accord.org/mainmenu/west-bank-barrier-status-2012">West Bank Barrier Status 2012</a> including sections that are under construction, frozen or being dismantled, and specifying which sections are wall. August 2012, <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111154525/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_west_bank_access_restrictions_dec_2012.pdf">West Bank access restrictions</a> (10.4 MB!). December 2012, OCHAoPt, on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111130353/http://www.ochaopt.org/generalmaps.aspx?id=96">Map Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111130332/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_humaitarian_atlas_dec_2012_web.pdf">Humanitarian Atlas 2012</a> (49.1 MB!). December 2012, OCHAoPt, on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111130353/http://www.ochaopt.org/generalmaps.aspx?id=96">Map Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910163530/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/BarrierRouteProjections_July_2008.pdf">Barrier route</a>. July 2008, OCHAoPt</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files2/201206_btselem_map_of_wb_eng.pdf">"Barrier route"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barrier+route&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles2%2F201206_btselem_map_of_wb_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> (2.10 MB). June 2012, <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/thefence.htm">The Separation Barrier in the West Bank</a>. April 2006, B'Tselem, on MidEastWeb, Map of Israel Security Barrier ("Wall") – Current Status (2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327180832/http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/maps/barrier/BrrWBN_gates0305.pdf">Barrier Gates: Northern West Bank</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> PDF (1.21 MB). March 2005, OCHAoPt, on web.archive.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111130327/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/wb_closure1203_300.pdf">West Bank Closures</a> (2.5 MB). December 2003, OCHAoPt</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/thefence_05.htm">Israeli Security Barrier ("Wall") – Current Status (2005) and Evolution</a>. February 2005 versus August 2003, MidEastWeb</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/thefence1.htm">Who's in, Who's out</a> (Names in Hebrew). October 2003, Ma'ariv, on MidEastWeb, "First Disclosure of Historic Document: The Final Route of the Separation Fence"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/israelfence.htm">First plan</a>. May 2002, Haaretz, on MidEastWeb</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_news_resources">General news resources</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041028082014/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=326397">Compilation of articles about the fence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ha%27aretz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ha'aretz">Ha'aretz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3111159.stm">Q&A: What is the West Bank barrier?</a> BBC News special feature</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456944/html/nn1page1.stm">Guide to the West Bank barrier</a> BBC News</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3654720.stm">Israeli city says barrier is 'working'</a> Israeli city says barrier is 'working'] BBC News</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitterlemons.org/previous/bl120307ed10.html">Bitter Lemons Edition with Israeli and Palestinian views on the Separation Barrier</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/thefence.htm">Israel annexes land from West Bank using the 'Separation Wall'</a> further impedes peace process.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/BR_Update30July2007.pdf">Impact of the Barrier on East Jerusalem</a>. OCHAoPt, June 2007 Update No. 7 (8.7 MB). Includes maps.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_government_and_courts">Israeli government and courts</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://securityfence.mfa.gov.il/">Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Anti-Terrorist Fence Homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041010163622/http://www.seamzone.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/default.htm">Israel Ministry of Defense Security Fence Homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasite/images/iht_daily/D010704/hcfen0604.rtf">2004 Israeli Supreme Court ruling</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121104639/http://www.haaretz.com/hasite/images/iht_daily/D010704/hcfen0604.rtf">Archived</a> 2008-11-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (RTF format)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zionism-israel.com/hdoc/High_Court_Fence.htm">2005 Israeli Supreme Court ruling</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://securityfence.mfa.gov.il/mfm/Data/49486.pdf">"Full text of Israel's document as presented to the ICJ"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+text+of+Israel%27s+document+as+presented+to+the+ICJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecurityfence.mfa.gov.il%2Fmfm%2FData%2F49486.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> (1.67 MB)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations_and_International_Court_of_Justice_rulings">United Nations and International Court of Justice rulings</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180214115234/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=4&k=5a&case=131&code=mwp&p3=4">ICJ Advisory Opinion</a>, as well as separate opinions of some judges.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116101454/http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/vSubject?OpenView&Start=1&Count=270&Expand=90#90">Compilation of UN documents relating to the barrier</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/country/pse">UN OCHA Humanitarian Information Centre in the occupied Palestinian territory</a> reports, analysis, detailed maps.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209124215/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/docs/61chr/reportCHR61.pdf">"Commission on Human Rights: Report on 61st session"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/docs/61chr/reportCHR61.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2006-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commission+on+Human+Rights%3A+Report+on+61st+session&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fenglish%2Fbodies%2Fchr%2Fdocs%2F61chr%2FreportCHR61.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> (2.25 MB).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links_to_articles_opposing_the_barrier">Links to articles opposing the barrier</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040915081717/http://www.gush-shalom.org/thewall/">Gush Shalom site about the Separation Wall</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier">B'Tselem (Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories) page about the Separation Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machsom_Watch" title="Machsom Watch">Machsom Watch</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051025130126/http://www.machsomwatch.org/eng/homePageEng.asp?link=homePage&lang=eng">daily reports on checkpoints in the barrier</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216014435/http://www.awalls.org/">Anarchists against the Wall</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144900/http://www.ir-amim.org.il/Eng/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/BeyondTheWalEng(1).doc">"Beyond the Wall" an Ir Amim Report on the barrier in Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList4/F06BB484D900B227C1256E3E00324D96">statement on the West Bank barrier</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041013161904/http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0223-02.htm">A Wall as a Weapon</a> OpEd by <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, originally published in The New York Times</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stopthewall.org"> Palestinian grassroots Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211061745/http://imeu.net/news/article0013888.shtml">The separation wall and the village of Ni'lin at IMEU.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070226222032/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3981406756866553772&hl=en">Video of Wall and Fence, and walking through a checkpoint at the Qalandiya Checkpoint November 2004 produced by filmmaker and journalist Ray Hanania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622113235/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3322403523120637763&hl=en">A Public Service announcement (60 seconds) on the Wall produced by filmmaker and journalists Ray Hanania </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links_to_articles_in_favor_of_the_barrier">Links to articles in favor of the barrier</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041028042249/http://www.honestreporting.com/articles/critiques/Not_an_-Apartheid_Wall-.asp">Not an "Apartheid Wall"</a> on HonestReporting.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=21411">Background Info: The Security Fence</a> on imra.org.il</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meforum.org/article/652">Is Israel's Security Barrier Unique?</a> article by Ben Thein in Middle East Quarterly</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051210105858/http://www.defenddemocracy.org/research_topics/research_topics_list.htm?topic=8745">Research articles on the ICJ decision</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028233427/http://www.mythsandfacts.com/media/user/documents/Eli%20Hertz%20Reply%204-21-05D.pdf">"Reply to the ICJ Advisory Opinion"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mythsandfacts.com/media/user/documents/Eli%20Hertz%20Reply%204-21-05D.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2005-10-28. Retrieved 2005-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reply+to+the+ICJ+Advisory+Opinion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mythsandfacts.com%2Fmedia%2Fuser%2Fdocuments%2FEli%2520Hertz%2520Reply%25204-21-05D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> (2.29 MB), detailed 193 page book supporting a position in favor of the barrier.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/18/opinion/18manji.html?ex=1300338000&en=5bcee9d86aa4e6c5&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss">"How I Learned to Love the Wall"</a> <a href="/wiki/Irshad_Manji" title="Irshad Manji">Irshad Manji</a>, The New York Times March 18, 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StandWithUs" title="StandWithUs">StandWithUs</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060710060914/http://www.standwithus.com/flyers/IsraelFenceBro.pdf">"In-depth brochure with pictures, polls, reports, stats"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standwithus.com/flyers/IsraelFenceBro.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2006-07-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In-depth+brochure+with+pictures%2C+polls%2C+reports%2C+stats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.standwithus.com%2Fflyers%2FIsraelFenceBro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bank+barrier" class="Z3988"> (2.83 MB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isracast.com/Transcripts/270204a_trans.htm">IsraCast: The Hague Hearing. Legal Advisor Daniel Taub: 'The International Court Is Trying Victims Of Terror And Not Terrorists'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018151958/http://www.isracast.com/Transcripts/270204a_trans.htm">Archived</a> 2006-10-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013215754/http://www.omedia.org/Show_Article.asp?DynamicContentID=2210&MenuID=726&ThreadID=1014017">The Controversial Fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar_Palti" title="Zohar Palti">Zohar Palti</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/israels-security-fence-effective-in-reducing-suicide-attacks-from-the-north">Israel's Security Fence: Effective in Reducing Suicide Attacks from the Northern West Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>, July 7, 2004</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Participants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shabak (Shin Bet)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Principals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin_Brigades" title="Jenin Brigades">Jenin Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Den_(militant_group)" title="Lions' Den (militant group)">Lions' Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">PRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabireen_Movement" title="Sabireen Movement">Sabireen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Zouari" title="Sons of Zouari">Sons of Zouari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third-party groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Individuals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Individuals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ami_Ayalon" title="Ami Ayalon">Ami Ayalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Avi Dichter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Diskin" title="Yuval Diskin">Yuval Diskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Halevy" title="Efraim Halevy">Efraim Halevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Halutz" title="Dan Halutz">Dan Halutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Shaul Mofaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Mordechai" title="Yitzhak Mordechai">Yitzhak Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Peri" title="Yaakov Peri">Yaakov Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Lipkin-Shahak" title="Amnon Lipkin-Shahak">Amnon Lipkin-Shahak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shabtai Shavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Zamir" title="Zvi Zamir">Zvi Zamir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zaidan" title="Muhammad Zaidan">Abu Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Arafat" title="Moussa Arafat">Moussa Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash" title="Yahya Ayyash">Yahya Ayyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dahlan" title="Mohammed Dahlan">Mohammed Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_al-Jabali" title="Ghazi al-Jabali">Ghazi Jabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Abu Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Khaled" title="Leila Khaled">Leila Khaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_El-Deen_Sheikh_Khalil" title="Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil">Sheikh Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustafa" title="Abu Ali Mustafa">Abu Ali Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal" title="Abu Nidal">Abu Nidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi" title="Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi">Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Salameh" title="Ali Hassan Salameh">Ali Hassan Salameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Shehade" title="Salah Shehade">Salah Shehade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Shalah" title="Ramadan Shalah">Ramadan Shalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Shaqaqi" title="Fathi Shaqaqi">Fathi Shaqaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_Tamimi" title="Ahlam Tamimi">Ahlam Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Timeline_**_military_operations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">military operations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1920–1948" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1920–1948</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1920 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Nebi_Musa_riots" title="1920 Nebi Musa riots">Nebi Musa riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_Hai" title="Battle of Tel Hai">Battle of Tel Hai</a></li></ul></li> <li>1921 <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">Jaffa riots</a></li> <li>1929 <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">Palestine riots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre" title="1929 Hebron massacre">Hebron massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>1936–1939 <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Arab revolt</a></li> <li>1944–1947 <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency</a></li> <li>1947–1948 <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1948–1970" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1948–1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war">massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li>1948–present <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Fedayeen insurgency</a> <ul><li>1951–1967 <a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_Israeli_civilians_before_1967" title="List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967">Attacks against Israeli civilians</a></li> <li>1950s–1960s <a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">Reprisal operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>1953 <a href="/wiki/Qibya_massacre" title="Qibya massacre">Qibya massacre</a></li> <li>1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim_massacre" title="Kafr Qasim massacre">Kafr Qasim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis</a> / <a href="/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre" title="1956 Rafah massacre">Rafah massacres</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li>1967–1970 <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> <ul><li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1968–1982" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1968–1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Avivim_school_bus_bombing" title="Avivim school bus bombing">Avivim school bus bombing</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> / <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">"Bayonet"</a> (1973 <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer_affair" title="Lillehammer affair">Lillehammer affair</a>)</li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona_massacre" title="Kiryat Shmona massacre">Kiryat Shmona massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a></li> <li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe raid</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Coastal_road_massacre" title="Coastal road massacre">Coastal road massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">South Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1973–1987" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1973–1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings#1975" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombings">Zion Square bombing</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">Siege of Beirut</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/1983_West_Bank_fainting_epidemic" title="1983 West Bank fainting epidemic">1983 West Bank fainting epidemic</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Achille_Lauro_hijacking" title="Achille Lauro hijacking">Achille Lauro hijacking</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">"Wooden Leg"</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Gliders" title="Night of the Gliders">Night of the Gliders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1987–1991" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1987–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1988 <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Tel_Aviv%E2%80%93Jerusalem_bus_attack" title="1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus attack">Bus 405 attack</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_killings" title="1990 Temple Mount killings">Temple Mount killings</a></li> <li>1990s <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#1990s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre" title="Cave of the Patriarchs massacre">Cave of the Patriarchs massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2000–2005" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2000–2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#2000s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_assassinations#2000s" title="List of Israeli assassinations">Israeli assassinations</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/October_2000_protests_in_Israel" title="October 2000 protests in Israel">October events</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Santorini_affair" title="Santorini affair">Santorini</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Karine_A_affair" title="Karine A affair">Karine A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">"Defensive Shield"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Battle of Jenin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus" title="Battle of Nablus">Battle of Nablus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Determined_Path" title="Operation Determined Path">"Determined Path"</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_Rafah" title="2004 Israeli operation in Rafah">"Rainbow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Beit_Hanoun_raid" title="2004 Beit Hanoun raid">Beit Hanoun raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_the_northern_Gaza_Strip" title="2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip">"Days of Penitence"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Palestinian dissident campaigns</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">"Bringing Home the Goods"</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_yeshiva_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack">Jerusalem yeshiva attack</a> / <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_bulldozer_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack">Jerusalem bulldozer attack</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2009 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 violence</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">Temple Mount crisis</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_beach_explosion" title="2006 Gaza beach explosion">Gaza beach explosion</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid" title="2006 Gaza cross-border raid">Gaza cross-border raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">"Summer Rains"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">"Autumn Clouds"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_shelling_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun shelling</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border">Egypt–Gaza border breach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">"Hot Winter"</a></li> <li>2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Returning Echo"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">"Pillar of Defense"</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">"Protective Edge"</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Flotilla_III" title="Freedom Flotilla III">Freedom Flotilla III</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">November clashes</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">May clashes</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Black Belt"</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">"Guardian of the Walls"</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Breaking Dawn"</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Shield and Arrow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy/law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy/law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1948–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">depopulated towns and villages</a></li></ul></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1967–present <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="International law and Israeli settlements">international law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993–1995 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Economic_Relations" title="Protocol on Economic Relations">Paris Protocol</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a></li> <li>1994–present <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">US security assistance to the PA</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_Concerning_the_Redeployment_in_Hebron" title="Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron">Hebron Agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet established</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road Map</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Agreement on Movement and Access">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peace_initiative" title="Valley of Peace initiative">Valley of Peace initiative</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Aftonbladet_Israel_controversy" title="2009 Aftonbladet Israel controversy">Aftonbladet Israel controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010–11 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Papers" title="Palestine Papers">Palestine Papers</a></li> <li>2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" title="Israel and the United Nations">Israel and the UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the UN</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Resolution 181</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Resolution 242</a></li> <li>ICJ cases <ul><li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Construction_of_a_Wall_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Wall construction</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South African allegation of genocide</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></li> <li>2023–2024 <a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Israeli occupation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Analysis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Analysis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparisons_between_Israel_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany">Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany</a></li> <li>Criticism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas" title="Criticism of Hamas">Criticism of Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">Criticism of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_criticism_of_the_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Israeli criticism of the occupation of Palestine">Israeli criticism of the occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Racism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_anti-Zionism" title="Timeline of anti-Zionism">Timeline of anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_was_no_such_thing_as_Palestinians" title="There was no such thing as Palestinians">There was no such thing as Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab–Israeli_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab–Israeli_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CountriesAuthoritiesOrganizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Countries</li><li>Authorities</li><li>Organizations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary countries and authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Hamas Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraqi Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Syrian Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)" title="Army of Islam (Gaza)">Army of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars" title="Guardians of the Cedars">Guardians of the Cedars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization" title="Abu Nidal Organization">Abu Nidal Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_engagements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="History of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Armed engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a> (1949–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samu_incident" title="Samu incident">Samu incident</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> (1968–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon">Gift</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">Bayonet</a> (1972–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">Litani</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">Opera</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">Wooden Leg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers' Bus attack">Mothers' Bus attack</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel" title="1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel">Iraqi missile attacks against Israel</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush">Bramble Bush</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> (1993–2008; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accountability" title="Operation Accountability">Accountability</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="Operation Grapes of Wrath">Grapes of Wrath</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a> (2001–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">Bringing Home the Goods</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">Summer Rains</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">Autumn Clouds</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> (2006–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">Hot Winter</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">Returning Echo</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip">Pillar of Defense</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wave of violence</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Black Belt</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">Breaking Dawn</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">Shield and Arrow</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">peace proposals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven" title="Declaration to the Seven">Declaration to the Seven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration" title="Anglo-French Declaration">Anglo-French Declaration</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_agreement" title="Faisal–Weizmann agreement">Faisal–Weizmann agreement</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939" title="London Conference of 1939">London Conference</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Grady_Plan" title="Morrison–Grady Plan">Morrison–Grady Plan</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Plan" title="Bevin Plan">Bevin Plan</a></li> <li>1946–47 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946%E2%80%931947" title="London Conference of 1946–1947">London Conference</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine" title="American trusteeship proposal for Palestine">American trusteeship proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948–1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">Armistice agreements</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950" title="Tripartite Declaration of 1950">Tripartite Declaration</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution" title="Khartoum Resolution">Khartoum Resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">UNSC Resolution 338</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 339">UNSC Resolution 339</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Israel–Syria disengagement agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 350">UNSC Resolution 350</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 425">UNSC Resolution 425</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 446">UNSC Resolution 446</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 452">UNSC Resolution 452</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UNSC Resolution 478</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a></li> <li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan" title="Reagan peace plan">Reagan peace plan</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">Israel–Lebanon agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Beilin%E2%80%93Abu_Mazen_agreement" title="Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement">Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Beirut Summit and peace initiative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559">UNSC Resolution 1559</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566">UNSC Resolution 1566</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583">UNSC Resolution 1583</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm El Sheikh Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850">UNSC Resolution 1850</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quartet_Principles" title="Quartet Principles">Quartet Principles</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UNSC Resolution 1701</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters" title="John Kerry Parameters">John Kerry Parameters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Israel–Sudan normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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