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title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Les_devaluacions_del_nomisma,_de_mitjan_s.X_al_s.XI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_devaluacions_del_nomisma,_de_mitjan_s.X_al_s.XI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Les devaluacions del nomisma, de mitjan s.X al s.XI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_devaluacions_del_nomisma,_de_mitjan_s.X_al_s.XI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_reforma_monetària_d'Aleix_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_reforma_monetària_d'Aleix_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>La reforma monetària d'Aleix I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_reforma_monetària_d'Aleix_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nomisma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 12 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1_(%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Νόμισμα (νομισματολογία) - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόμισμα (νομισματολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Նոմիզմա - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոմիզմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma_(moneta)" title="Nomisma (moneta) - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomisma (moneta)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88" title="노미스마 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노미스마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Номізма - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Номізма" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1198478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nomisma" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Nomisma&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nomisma"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nomisma"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Nomisma" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Nomisma" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&oldid=34504633" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Nomisma&id=34504633&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNomisma"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNomisma"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Nomisma"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nomisma&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1198478" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de moneda"><img alt="Infotaula de moneda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/25px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/38px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/50px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="56" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></span>Nomisma</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg/300px-Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg/450px-Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg/600px-Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="359" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198478?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Territoris d'aplicació</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:left"><div style="text-align:start;"> <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d'Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a> ( - ) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198478?uselang=ca#P17" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:left"><p align="center"></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:90%;"></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg/220px-Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg/330px-Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg/440px-Histamenon_nomisma-Micael_V-sb1776.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Nomisma de <a href="/wiki/Miquel_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Miquel V">Miquel V</a></figcaption></figure> <p>El<b> nomisma</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> era una moneda d'or, hereva del <i><a href="/wiki/Solidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidus">solidus</a></i>, encunyada a l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d'Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a> fins a la <a href="/wiki/Moneda_bizantina" class="mw-redirect" title="Moneda bizantina">reforma monetària</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Aleix_I_Comn%C3%A8" title="Aleix I Comnè">Aleix I Comnè</a> de <a href="/wiki/1092" title="1092">1092</a>, que va ser de curs legal també a <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Romà">Roma</a>. Va ser el nom de moneda més forta de l'imperi. El seu nom va donar origen a la paraula <a href="/wiki/Numism%C3%A0tica" title="Numismàtica">numismàtica</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Les_devaluacions_del_nomisma,_de_mitjan_s.X_al_s.XI"><span id="Les_devaluacions_del_nomisma.2C_de_mitjan_s.X_al_s.XI"></span>Les devaluacions del nomisma, de mitjan s.X al s.XI</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Les devaluacions del nomisma, de mitjan s.X al s.XI"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La primera reforma monetària que va afectar el nomisma va tenir lloc durant el regnat de <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A8for_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicèfor II">Nicèfor II</a> (963-969): el pes de la peça va passar de 4,5 grams d'or a 4,13 grams i el diàmetre de 20 a 18,5 mil·límetres.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985507_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985507-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La nova peça es va dir <i>nómisma tetartiron</i> (νόμισμα τεταρτηρόν, «quarta part»). L'anterior nomisma (4,5 grams) va prendre llavors el nom de <i>nomisma histamenon</i> (νόμισμα ἱστάμενον, «moneda estàndard», derivat del grec ἱστός, <i>istos</i>, «capa prima»).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson19999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson19999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El motiu per aquesta reforma monetària ha estat tema de debat: potser es tractava de facilitar el comerç amb els <a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A0ssides" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbàssides">àrabs</a>, els quals feien servir el <a href="/wiki/Dinar_(moneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinar (moneda)">dinar</a> una moneda de pes semblant a l'histamenon. Segons la historiadora Cecile Morrisson, la creació d'una peça de menor valor és el senyal d'una expansió en els intercanvis comercials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson1982196–197_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson1982196–197-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'antic cronista <a href="/wiki/Joan_Zonar%C3%A0s" title="Joan Zonaràs">Joan Zonaràs</a>, explicava que es va fer per augmentar els ingressos a les arques de l'Estat, ja que mentre les taxes s'havien de pagar emprant l'histamenon, els pagaments de l'Estat es feien emprant el <a href="/wiki/Tetart%C3%A8ron" title="Tetartèron">tetartèron</a>, que oficialment eren monedes equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985507_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985507-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El valor d'un nomisma va esdevenir constant fins a <a href="/wiki/Constant%C3%AD_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantí IX">Constantí IX</a> (1042-1055). Durant el regnat d'aquest emperador el valor va passar del 93% al 81% i el del tetartèron del 93% al 72%, cosa que correspon a una devaluació de l'1% per any durant tot el seu regnat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El motiu encara no ha quedat aclarit, segons el cronista <a href="/wiki/Miquel_Psel%C2%B7los" title="Miquel Psel·los">Miquel Psel·los</a>, l'origen de la devaluació va ser la mala gestió del tresor imperial per part de Constantí. Però segons els historiadors actuals, la idea va ser augmentar l'oferta de diners per satisfer les necessitats de l'Estat. </p><p>Un segon episodi de forta devaluació va tenir lloc sota els emperadors <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A0_IV_Di%C3%B2genes" title="Romà IV Diògenes">Romà IV Diògenes</a> (1067 - 71) i <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A8for_III_Botaniates" title="Nicèfor III Botaniates">Nicèfor III Botaniates</a> (1078-1081): la peça va passar llavors a tenir tan poca quantitat d'or que tenia color blanc en lloc de daurat. Però aquesta vegada va sorgir per una necessitat imposada per un context difícil: s'havia perdut una gran part del territori a l'Àsia Menor, les incursions dels <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">turcs</a> i els <a href="/wiki/Normands" title="Normands">normands</a> van incitar els romans d'Orient a amagar els seus tresors, mentre que l'Estat buscava amb què pagar els mercenaris i deutes de guerra. Com narren a les seves cròniques <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A8for_Brienni_(c%C3%A8sar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicèfor Brienni (cèsar)">Nicèfor Breenni</a> i <a href="/wiki/Anna_Comnena" title="Anna Comnena">Anna Comnena</a>, les caixes de l'Estat estaven buides, i d'aquí va sorgir la necessitat de reduir el percentatge d'or en les peces. </p><p>Inicialment, les dues monedes de nomisma (histàmenon i tetrartiron) eren indistingibles, llevat del seu pes. Va ser durant el regnat de <a href="/wiki/Basili_II_(emperador)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basili II (emperador)">Basili II</a> (r. 976–1025) que el tetartèron es va començar a encunyar amb una forma més gruixuda i menuda, mentre que l'histàmenon es va fer amb una forma més prima i de diàmetre més gran. A partir del regnat de <a href="/wiki/Constant%C3%AD_VIII" title="Constantí VIII">Constantí VIII</a> (r. 1025 – 1028), es van poder diferenciar també per tenir imatges diferents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985508_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985508-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson199910_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson199910-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cap a mitjan segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xi</span>, el tetartèron mesurava 18 mm de diàmetre i el seu pes sembla que s'havia estabilitzat en 3,98 grams, tres <a href="/wiki/Quirat_(unitat_de_puresa)" title="Quirat (unitat de puresa)">quirats</a> de puresa menys que l'histamenon, que llavors mesurava 25 mm de diàmetre (a diferència de l'original <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2lid_(moneda)" title="Sòlid (moneda)">sòlid</a> de 20 mm) i havia adquirit una forma lleugerament còncava (<i>scyphate</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026–2027_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026–2027-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985510_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985510-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Però a partir de <a href="/wiki/Miquel_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Miquel IV">Miquel IV</a> (r. 1034–1041), que procedia d'una família de banquers de mala reputació, el contingut d'or va anar baixant. Després d'un període de relativa estabilitat (1055–1070), el percentatge d'or que contenien els nomismes va davallar dramàticament fins a entrar en el període de crisis entre el 1070 i el 1080.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson199910_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson199910-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985509_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985509-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_reforma_monetària_d'Aleix_I"><span id="La_reforma_monet.C3.A0ria_d.27Aleix_I"></span>La reforma monetària d'Aleix I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: La reforma monetària d'Aleix I"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Histamenon_nomisma-Isaac_I-sb1776.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Histamenon_nomisma-Isaac_I-sb1776.jpg/220px-Histamenon_nomisma-Isaac_I-sb1776.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Histamenon_nomisma-Isaac_I-sb1776.jpg/330px-Histamenon_nomisma-Isaac_I-sb1776.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Histamenon_nomisma-Isaac_I-sb1776.jpg/440px-Histamenon_nomisma-Isaac_I-sb1776.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>En aquesta fotografia es pot apreciar la forma còncava (<i>scyphate</i>) d'un histamenon de l'emperador <a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Comn%C3%A8" title="Isaac I Comnè">Isaac I Comnè</a> (r. 1057–1059).</figcaption></figure> <p>A partir del <a href="/wiki/1092" title="1092">1092</a>, el sistema monetari romà d'Orient es va renovar totalment i el nomisma fou substituït per una altra moneda d'or, la perpra (ὑπέρπυρον,'molt refinada') de 4,48 grams. Però el terme «nomisma» es va fer servir encara, com a paraula equivalent a moneda d'or, tingués el valor que tingués.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson199911_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson199911-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKajdan1991964_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKajdan1991964-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Perpra" title="Perpra">perpra</a> també va rebre el nom de <i>bizant</i> (d'or), que és l'abreviació del llatí <i>Byzantius nummus</i>, és a dir «moneda de Bizanci». Equivalia a 5 <a href="/wiki/Ducat_(moneda)" title="Ducat (moneda)">ducats</a> o 20 dels anteriors nomismes, bé que el valor de les peces podia diferir a <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a> i a altres llocs de la Mediterrània. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vegeu l'etimologia al Viccionari <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/nomisma" class="extiw" title="wikt:nomisma">nomisma</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985507-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985507_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985507_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHendy1985">Hendy, 1985</a>, p. 507.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson19999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson19999_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrierson1999">Grierson, 1999</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson1982196–197-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson1982196–197_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrierson1982">Grierson, 1982</a>, p. 196–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKajdan1991">Kajdan, 1991</a>, p. 2026.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985508-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985508_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHendy1985">Hendy, 1985</a>, p. 508.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson199910-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson199910_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson199910_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrierson1999">Grierson, 1999</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026–2027-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKajdan19912026–2027_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKajdan1991">Kajdan, 1991</a>, p. 2026–2027.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985510-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985510_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHendy1985">Hendy, 1985</a>, p. 510.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendy1985509-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendy1985509_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHendy1985">Hendy, 1985</a>, p. 509.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrierson199911-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrierson199911_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrierson1999">Grierson, 1999</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKajdan1991964-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKajdan1991964_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKajdan1991">Kajdan, 1991</a>, p. 964.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGrierson1982"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Grierson</span>, Philip. <i>Byzantine Coins</i>.  Londes: Methuen, 1982. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-416-71360-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-416-71360-2">ISBN 978-0-416-71360-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Coins&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1982&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.place=Londes&rft.isbn=978-0-416-71360-2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGrierson1999"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Grierson</span>, Philip. <i>Byzantine Coinage</i>.  Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1999. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-88402-274-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-88402-274-9">ISBN 978-0-88402-274-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Coinage&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1999&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-274-9"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHendy1985"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hendy</span>, Michael F. <i>Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450</i>.  Cambridge (RU): <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1985. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-521-24715-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-521-24715-2">ISBN 0-521-24715-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Byzantine+Monetary+Economy+c.+300%E2%80%931450&rft.aulast=Hendy&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rft.date=1985&rft.pub=%5B%5BCambridge+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.place=Cambridge+%28RU%29&rft.isbn=0-521-24715-2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKajdan1991"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kajdan" title="Aleksandr Kajdan"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kajdan</span>, A.</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i> (en anglès).  <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1991. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-19-504652-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-19-504652-8">ISBN 0-19-504652-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5BOxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium%7CThe+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Kajdan&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=1991&rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monetaoro.unicatt.it">Exposició numismàtica en línia. <i>La fascinació de l'or en les monedes antigues</i></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En italià">(italià)</span></li></ul> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/nomisma" class="extiw" title="wikt:nomisma">Viccionari</a></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&oldid=34504633">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nomisma&oldid=34504633</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Monedes_romanes_d%27Orient" title="Categoria:Monedes romanes d'Orient">Monedes romanes d'Orient</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 17 gen 2025 a les 20:00.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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