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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> 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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-官方地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#官方地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>官方地位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-官方地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">聪加语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。69种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="शंगानी भाषा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शंगानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7" title="لغة تسونغا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة تسونغا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tsonga" title="Idioma tsonga – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma tsonga" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonqa_dili" title="Tsonqa dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tsonqa dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Цонга – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цонга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsongeg" title="Tsongeg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tsongeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_(sprog)" title="Tsonga (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tsonga (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitsonga" title="Xitsonga – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xitsonga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tsonga language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conga_lingvo" title="Conga lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Conga lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tsonga" title="Idioma tsonga – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma tsonga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_keel" title="Tsonga keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsonga keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsongera" title="Tsongera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tsongera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان شنگانی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان شنگانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsongan_kieli" title="Tsongan kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tsongan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_m%C3%A1l" title="Tsonga mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tsonga mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_(langue)" title="Tsonga (langue) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tsonga (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_(Spriik)" title="Tsonga (Spriik) – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tsonga (Spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tsonga" title="Lingua tsonga – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua tsonga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Tsonga" title="Harshen Tsonga – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_bhasa" title="Tsonga bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tsonga bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_jezik" title="Tsonga jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tsonga jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tsonga" title="Bahasa Tsonga – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Tsonga language" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conga-linguo" title="Conga-linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Conga-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tsonga" title="Lingua tsonga – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tsonga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="ツォンガ語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツォンガ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%9D%EA%B0%80%EC%96%B4" title="총가어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="총가어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ژونگا زَبان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ژونگا زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Тсонга (кыв) – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тсонга (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsong%C5%B3_kalba" title="Tsongų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tsongų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Цонга (јазик) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цонга (јазик)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شنگانی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شنگانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setsonga" title="Setsonga – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Setsonga" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_tsonga" title="Język tsonga – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język tsonga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Tsonga" title="Lenga Tsonga – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="شنګاني ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شنګاني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_tsonga" title="Língua tsonga – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tsonga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Тсонга (язык) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тсонга (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱥᱳᱝᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱳᱝᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_jezik" title="Tsonga jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tsonga jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tsonga language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitsonga" title="Chitsonga – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chitsonga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_tsonga" title="Gjuha tsonga – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha tsonga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/SiTsonga" title="SiTsonga – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SiTsonga" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setsonga" title="Setsonga – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Setsonga" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsonga" title="Kitsonga – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitsonga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சோங்க மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோங்க மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tsonga" title="Wikang Tsonga – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setsonga" title="Setsonga – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Setsonga" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsongaca" title="Tsongaca – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tsongaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitsonga" title="Xitsonga – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Xitsonga" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тсонга теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тсонга теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Тсонга (мова) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тсонга (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/XiTsonga" title="XiTsonga – 文达语" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="XiTsonga" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="文达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tsonga" title="Tiếng Tsonga – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="聪加语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="聪加语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiTsonga" title="IsiTsonga – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiTsonga" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="ტსონგა (ნინა) – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტსონგა (ნინა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Tsonga" title="Èdè Tsonga – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Tsonga" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga-g%C3%AD" title="Tsonga-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tsonga-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiTsonga" title="IsiTsonga – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiTsonga" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34327#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tsonga_language" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34327" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="宗加语">宗加语</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: orange;">聰加語</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;">Xitsonga</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="斯威士蘭">斯威士蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="津巴布韋">津巴布韋</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9C%81" title="林波波省">林波波省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%A6%AC%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="普馬蘭加省">普馬蘭加省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%89%8E%E7%9C%81" title="加扎省">加扎省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%99%AE%E6%89%98%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="馬普托省">馬普托省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%99%AE%E6%89%98%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="马普托市">馬普托市</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">族群</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B0%E5%8A%A0%E4%BA%BA" title="聰加人">聰加人</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,200萬 （2006年–2011年）<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />南非有340萬人以其作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="第二語言">第二語言</a>（2002年）<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼日尔-刚果语系">尼日尔-剛果語系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B-%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="大西洋-剛果語族">大西洋-剛果語族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝努埃-剛果亞語支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Benue–Congo languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="贝努埃-刚果亚语支">貝努埃-剛果亞語支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Benue–Congo languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Benue–Congo languages</span></a></span>）</span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南類班圖語支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Bantoid languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%A1%9E%E7%8F%AD%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南類班圖語支（页面不存在）">南類班圖語支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Bantoid languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Bantoid languages</span></a></span>）</span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支">班圖語支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南班圖語支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Bantu languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%AD%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南班圖語支（页面不存在）">南班圖語支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bantu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Bantu languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Bantu languages</span></a></span>）</span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="茨瓦-諾加語支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tswa–Ronga languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6-%E8%AB%BE%E5%8A%A0%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="茨瓦-諾加語支（页面不存在）">茨瓦-諾加語支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tswa%E2%80%93Ronga_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tswa–Ronga languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tswa–Ronga languages</span></a></span>）</span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>聰加語</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>（聰加語字母表）<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聰加語盲文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tsonga Braille"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B0%E5%8A%A0%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聰加語盲文（页面不存在）">聰加語盲文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_Braille" class="extiw" title="en:Tsonga Braille"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tsonga Braille</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><span class="wrap"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手语形式</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聰加語手語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Signed Tsonga"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B0%E5%8A%A0%E8%AA%9E%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聰加語手語（页面不存在）">聰加語手語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_Tsonga" class="extiw" title="en:Signed Tsonga"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Signed Tsonga</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: orange;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威">辛巴威</a>（作為'薩格尼'）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: orange;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ts">ts</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tso" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tso">tso</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tso" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tso">tso</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tson1249">tson1249</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%BC%E6%80%9D%E9%87%8C%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="班图语的格思里分类（页面不存在）">格思里代码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>S.53 (S.52)</code><sup id="cite_ref-Guthrie_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guthrie-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9E%AD%E6%9C%9B%E7%AB%99" title="语言瞭望站">语言瞭望站</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=99-AUT-dc">99-AUT-dc</a> incl. varieties 99-AUT-dca...<br />-dcg</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>本条目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">国际音标</a>符号。</b>部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>需要<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Help:特殊字母與符號">特殊字母与符号支持</a>才能正確显示，否则可能显示为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg/220px-South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg/330px-South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg/440px-South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>聰加語</b>（聰加語：<span lang="ts">Xitsonga</span>），又译<b>宗加语</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是由<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="非洲南部">非洲南部</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E8%BF%A6%E7%B4%8D%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="尚迦納族">聪加人</a>所讲的一种语言，属于<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支">班图语支</a><sup id="cite_ref-tso_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tso-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。聪加语已有标准化形式，可供学术及日常生活所用。如同其他语言一样，聪加语也存在多种<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在1890年至1920年期間，瑞士傳教士<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利-亞歷山大·朱諾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henri-Alexandre Junod"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9-%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%9C%B1%E8%AB%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利-亞歷山大·朱諾（页面不存在）">亨利-亞歷山大·朱諾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri-Alexandre_Junod" class="extiw" title="en:Henri-Alexandre Junod"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henri-Alexandre Junod</span></a></span>）</span></span>對聰加語進行非常詳細的研究，他得出的結論是：在十五世紀之前，聰加語（當時他稱之為“通加語”）就已經開始於莫桑比克發展。朱諾以他自己的話來說明，如下<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>我的結論是，500多年前，該國的原始居民已經使用通加語，而且在過去的幾個世紀裡，其於一定程度的習俗中形成將通加族聯繫在一起的偉大紐帶。</p></blockquote> <p>朱諾與包括亨利·貝爾通烏德及歐內斯特·克魯克斯等的其他瑞士傳教士進行進一步的研究，他們開始統一其語言，以便有一種標準的寫作及閱讀方式。“瓜姆巴語”是傳教士用來將其語言身份統一的術語，但許多聰加人並不熟悉這個名字，因此需要用“通加語”或“聰加語”來代替。哈里斯參考了這個<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>由於在斯佩諾肯以外，瓜姆巴一詞不為人知，亨利·貝爾通烏德建議放棄該術語，並用廣泛接受的聰加語或通加語一詞來取而代之。</p></blockquote> <p>瑞士傳教士與聰加人交流，並得到他們的幫助，將《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》從<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="塞索托语">塞索托語</a>翻譯成聰加語。在1883年，保羅·貝爾通烏德出版第一本書，這本書得到Mpapele（Mbizana）或Mandlati（Zambiki）幫助翻譯。這兩人積極地教導傳教士將語言翻譯，因為沒有一個傳教士熟悉此語言，而且這需要花費大量的時間來學習。最終，第一本屬於聰加人及其語言的書出版。後來，該語言在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="南非憲法">南非憲法</a>》中被標示為“聰加語”（Xitsonga，《1996年第108號法案》），並成為其十一種官方語言之一。因此，聰加語的標準化使聰加人有可能形成一種通用的口語以及寫作方式。 </p> <blockquote><p>聰加語著名姓氏</p></blockquote> <p>1. Mabunda 2. Maluleke 3. Mathevula 4. Ngoveni 5. Baloyi 6. Chauke </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="官方地位"><span id=".E5.AE.98.E6.96.B9.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>官方地位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：官方地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>聪加语在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="津巴布韦">津巴布韦</a>具有官方语言地位，而在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a>是受承认的语言，至於在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="斯威士兰">斯威士兰</a>则未具有官方地位<sup id="cite_ref-sictec_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sictec-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/tso/">聰加語</a>于《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="民族語">民族语</a>》的链接（第18版，2015年）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Webb, Vic. 2002. "Language in South Africa: the role of language in national transformation, reconstruction and development." <i>Impact: Studies in language and society,</i> 14:78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tson1249">Tsonga</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Tsonga&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Ftson1249&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guthrie-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guthrie_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf">New Updated Guthrie List Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcfls.shisu.edu.cn/_upload/article/files/a9/5d/5d68cb954c62859bbe18ef13bd4d/34fd4025-a77d-411c-8ceb-87e3d1354a6f.pdf">语种名称代码第1部分:2字母代码（GB/T 4880.1—2005）</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 2005-07-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240514085346/http://www.rcfls.shisu.edu.cn/_upload/article/files/a9/5d/5d68cb954c62859bbe18ef13bd4d/34fd4025-a77d-411c-8ceb-87e3d1354a6f.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2024-05-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E8%AF%AD%E7%A7%8D%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81+%E7%AC%AC1%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%3A2%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88GB%2FT+4880.1%E2%80%942005%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2005-07-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcfls.shisu.edu.cn%2F_upload%2Farticle%2Ffiles%2Fa9%2F5d%2F5d68cb954c62859bbe18ef13bd4d%2F34fd4025-a77d-411c-8ceb-87e3d1354a6f.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tso-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tso_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tso">Tsonga</a>. Ethnologue. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014711/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/TSO">存档</a>于2016-03-05） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Tsonga&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Ftso&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Junod, Henry (1912, 1927), <i>The Life of a South African Tribe: The Social Life</i>, Neuchatel: Imprimerie Attinger Freres, p. 32–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harries, P. 1987, The Roots of Ethnicity: Discourse and the Politics of Language Construction in South-East Africa, University of the Witwatersrand. p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sictec-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sictec_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sictec.com/training/swlx/cgxz/South%20Africa.htm">访问南非须知</a>. sictec.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-05</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E9%A1%BB%E7%9F%A5&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=sictec.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sictec.com%2Ftraining%2Fswlx%2Fcgxz%2FSouth%2520Africa.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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