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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panamská šíje</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 64 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamalandengte" title="Panamalandengte – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Panamalandengte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="برزخ بنما – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برزخ بنما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismu_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Ismu de Panamá – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ismu de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_b%C9%99rz%C9%99xi" title="Panama bərzəxi – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panama bərzəxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Панамскі перашыек – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панамскі перашыек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Панамски провлак – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панамски провлак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strizh-douar_Panama" title="Strizh-douar Panama – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strizh-douar Panama" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istme_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Istme de Panamà – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istme de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo de Panamá – cebuánština" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Istmo de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Панам пымакĕ – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Панам пымакĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culdir_Panam%C3%A2" title="Culdir Panamâ – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Culdir Panamâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamatangen" title="Panamatangen – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panamatangen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_von_Panama" title="Isthmus von Panama – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isthmus von Panama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isthmus of Panama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panamo" title="Istmo de Panamo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istmo de Panamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo de Panamá – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Istmo de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_maakitsus" title="Panama maakitsus – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panama maakitsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamako_istmoa" title="Panamako istmoa – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panamako istmoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="باریکه پاناما – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باریکه پاناما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaman_kannas" title="Panaman kannas – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panaman kannas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthme_de_Panama" title="Isthme de Panama – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isthme de Panama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2ningte_fan_Panama" title="Lâningte fan Panama – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lâningte fan Panama" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%94" title="מצר פנמה – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצר פנמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पनामा भूडमरुमध्य – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पनामा भूडमरुमध्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama-f%C3%B6ldszoros" title="Panama-földszoros – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panama-földszoros" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Genting_Panama" title="Tanah Genting Panama – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanah Genting Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaei%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Panamaeiðið – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Panamaeiðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_di_Panama" title="Istmo di Panama – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istmo di Panama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%A1" title="パナマ地峡 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パナマ地峡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პანამის ყელი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანამის ყელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Панама мойнағы – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панама мойнағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88_%EC%A7%80%ED%98%91" title="파나마 지협 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파나마 지협" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Панама мойногу – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панама мойногу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_Panamensis" title="Isthmus Panamensis – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Isthmus Panamensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamos_s%C4%85smauka" title="Panamos sąsmauka – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panamos sąsmauka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamas_zemes%C5%A1aurums" title="Panamas zemesšaurums – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panamas zemesšaurums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Панамски Провлак – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Панамски Провлак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segenting_Panama" title="Segenting Panama – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Segenting Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landengte_van_Panama" title="Landengte van Panama – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landengte van Panama" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaeidet" title="Panamaeidet – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panamaeidet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istme_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Istme de Panamà – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istme de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przesmyk_Panamski" title="Przesmyk Panamski – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przesmyk Panamski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_do_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo do Panamá – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istmo do Panamá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmul_Panama" title="Istmul Panama – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istmul Panama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Панамский перешеек – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панамский перешеек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamska_prevlaka" title="Panamska prevlaka – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panamska prevlaka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isthmus of Panama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamska_o%C5%BEina" title="Panamska ožina – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Panamska ožina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Панамска превлака – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панамска превлака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loundbr%C3%A4%C3%A4ch_fon_Panama" title="Loundbrääch fon Panama – fríština (saterlandská)" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Loundbrääch fon Panama" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fríština (saterlandská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Panamanäset – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panamanäset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingo_ya_nchi_ya_Panama" title="Shingo ya nchi ya Panama – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shingo ya nchi ya Panama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="பனாமாவின் பூச்சந்தி – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனாமாவின் பூச்சந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гарданаи Панама – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гарданаи Панама" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คอคอดปานามา – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอคอดปานามา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalahikan_ng_Panama" title="Dalahikan ng Panama – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dalahikan ng Panama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_K%C4%B1sta%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Panama Kıstağı – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panama Kıstağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Панамський перешийок – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панамський перешийок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_bo%CA%BByni" title="Panama boʻyni – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panama boʻyni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t_Panama" title="Eo đất Panama – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Eo đất Panama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_han_Panama" title="Istmo han Panama – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Istmo han Panama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%A1" title="巴拿马地峡 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴拿马地峡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%BD" title="巴拿馬地峽 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴拿馬地峽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap" title="Panamá Tē-kiap – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Panamá Tē-kiap" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182139#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&oldid=23995391" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&id=23995391&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanamsk%25C3%25A1_%25C5%25A1%25C3%25ADje"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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noprint">Tento článek je o pevninské šíji. O dalších významech slova Panama pojednává článek <a href="/wiki/Panama_(rozcestn%C3%ADk)" class="mw-disambig" title="Panama (rozcestník)">Panama (rozcestník)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Pm-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/260px-Pm-map.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/390px-Pm-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/520px-Pm-map.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Panamská šíje na mapě Panamy.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Isthmus_of_Panama_(closure)_-_Speciation_of_marine_organisms_(w_annot).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Isthmus_of_Panama_%28closure%29_-_Speciation_of_marine_organisms_%28w_annot%29.png/220px-Isthmus_of_Panama_%28closure%29_-_Speciation_of_marine_organisms_%28w_annot%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Isthmus_of_Panama_%28closure%29_-_Speciation_of_marine_organisms_%28w_annot%29.png/330px-Isthmus_of_Panama_%28closure%29_-_Speciation_of_marine_organisms_%28w_annot%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Isthmus_of_Panama_%28closure%29_-_Speciation_of_marine_organisms_%28w_annot%29.png/440px-Isthmus_of_Panama_%28closure%29_-_Speciation_of_marine_organisms_%28w_annot%29.png 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1151" /></a><figcaption>Biologická výměna po spojení Amerik pevninskou šíjí.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panamská šíje</b> (dříve zvaná i <b>Darienská šíje</b>) je <a href="/wiki/Pevninsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje" title="Pevninská šíje">úzký pás</a> <a href="/wiki/Pevnina" title="Pevnina">pevniny</a> spojující <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Amerika" title="Severní Amerika">Severní</a> (<a href="/wiki/St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_Amerika" title="Střední Amerika">Střední</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%BEn%C3%AD_Amerika" title="Jižní Amerika">Jižní Ameriku</a>. Šíje vznikla během období <a href="/wiki/Plioc%C3%A9n" title="Pliocén">pliocénu</a>, přibližně před 4 miliony let. Přibližně před 2,7 miliony let došlo k výměně druhů. Spojení mělo větší vliv na diverzitu jihoamerických savců než severoamerických, známá „výměna druhů“ byla tedy disproporční.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oddělení oceánů mělo vliv na <a href="/wiki/Golfsk%C3%BD_proud" title="Golfský proud">Golfský proud</a> a tak i na klima.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oblast šíje leží v <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panamě</a>. Panamská šíje, podobně jako jiné <a href="/wiki/Pevninsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje" title="Pevninská šíje">pevninské šíje</a>, měla již od počátku <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsk%C3%A9_kolonie" class="mw-redirect" title="Španělské kolonie">španělské kolonizace</a> strategický význam. Přes šíji <a href="/wiki/Koloni%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_mezioce%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_stezky_v_Panam%C4%9B" title="Koloniální mezioceánské stezky v Panamě">vedly první komunikace spojující</a> <a href="/wiki/Karibsk%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Karibské moře">Karibské moře</a> a <a href="/wiki/Panamsk%C3%BD_z%C3%A1liv" title="Panamský záliv">Panamský záliv</a>, několik století zde byly pouze cesty, ve druhé polovině 19. století byla zbudována <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeleznice" title="Železnice">železnice</a> a dnes šíji protíná <a href="/wiki/Panamsk%C3%BD_pr%C5%AFplav" title="Panamský průplav">Panamský průplav</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals when Americas collided evident today. <i>phys.org</i> [online]. 2020-10-05 [cit. 2022-12-08]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2020-10-disproportionate-extinction-south-american-mammals.html">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2020-10-disproportionate-extinction-south-american-mammals.html&rft.atitle=Disproportionate+extinction+of+South+American+mammals+when+Americas+collided+evident+today&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft.au=Smithsonian+Tropical+Research+Institute"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">CARRILLO, Juan D.; FAURBY, Søren; SILVESTRO, Daniele; ZIZKA, Alexander; JARAMILLO, Carlos; BACON, Christine D.; ANTONELLI, Alexandre. Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange. S. 26281–26287. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> [online]. 2020-10-20. Roč. 117, čís. 42, s. 26281–26287. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2009397117">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2009397117">10.1073/pnas.2009397117</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.2009397117&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.2009397117&rft.atitle=Disproportionate+extinction+of+South+American+mammals+drove+the+asymmetry+of+the+Great+American+Biotic+Interchange&rft.date=2020-10-20&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=26281%E2%80%9326287&rft.aulast=Carrillo&rft.aufirst=Juan+D.&rft.au=Faurby%2C+S%C3%B8ren&rft.au=Silvestro%2C+Daniele"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">FARNSWORTH, Alex; STONE, Emma. How events in Panama created the modern world (millions of years ago). <i>theconversation.com</i> [online]. 2016-05-20 [cit. 2022-12-08]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/how-events-in-panama-created-the-modern-world-millions-of-years-ago-58357">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=theconversation.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fhow-events-in-panama-created-the-modern-world-millions-of-years-ago-58357&rft.atitle=How+events+in+Panama+created+the+modern+world+%28millions+of+years+ago%29&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft.aulast=Farnsworth&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Stone%2C+Emma"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tehuantepeck%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje" title="Tehuantepecká šíje">Tehuantepecká šíje</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span></span> </p> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isthmus_of_Panama" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Isthmus of Panama">Panamská šíje</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject-inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> Encyklopedické heslo <strong><a href="https://cs.wikisource.org/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD/Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje" class="extiw" title="s:Ottův slovník naučný/Panamská šíje">Panamská šíje</a></strong> v <a href="/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD" title="Ottův slovník naučný">Ottově slovníku naučném</a> ve Wikizdrojích</span></li></ul> <style 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aria-labelledby="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182139#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox2-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182139#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" scope="row" class="navbox2-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritn%C3%AD_kontrola" title="Autoritní kontrola">Autoritní data</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182139#identifiers" title="Editovat na Wikidatech"><img alt="Editovat na Wikidatech" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85097338">sh85097338</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044652">10044652</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560651305171">987007560651305171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315149453">315149453</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Entities</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfGYRvWC7dpmPmRDyrg8C">E39PBJfGYRvWC7dpmPmRDyrg8C</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Geografie" title="Portál:Geografie">Geografie</a> | <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Latinsk%C3%A1_Amerika" title="Portál:Latinská Amerika">Latinská Amerika</a> | <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Portál:Spojené státy americké">Spojené státy americké</a> | <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_Amerika_a_Karibik" title="Portál:Střední Amerika a Karibik">Střední Amerika a Karibik</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img 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Ameriky</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pevninsk%C3%A9_%C5%A1%C3%ADje" title="Kategorie:Pevninské šíje">Pevninské šíje</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_GND" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_LCCN" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NARA" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NARA">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NLI" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NLI">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NLI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_VIAF" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem VIAF">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_WorldCat_Entities" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem WorldCat Entities">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem WorldCat Entities</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Stránka byla naposledy editována 11. 6. 2024 v 20:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cs">licencí Creative Commons Uveďte původ – Zachovejte licenci</a>, případně za dalších podmínek. 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