Randomized clinical trial of postoperative chewing gum versus standard care after colorectal resection

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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hr90CLqTMCLgUYyogj9ZnSrMoe73UCEeCHql3TRLyE0YFZwM7dZD3AnG5Xr8xf0S"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hr90CLqTMCLgUYyogj9ZnSrMoe73UCEeCHql3TRLyE0YFZwM7dZD3AnG5Xr8xf0S"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hr90CLqTMCLgUYyogj9ZnSrMoe73UCEeCHql3TRLyE0YFZwM7dZD3AnG5Xr8xf0S"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hr90CLqTMCLgUYyogj9ZnSrMoe73UCEeCHql3TRLyE0YFZwM7dZD3AnG5Xr8xf0S"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> 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required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="The British journal of surgery" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The British journal of surgery" data-pinger-ignore> Br J Surg </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The British journal of surgery"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Br+J+Surg%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Br+J+Surg%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Br J Surg" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Br J Surg"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Br+J+Surg%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Br J Surg"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Br J Surg"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Br J Surg"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2016 Jul;103(8):962-70.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1002/bjs.10194. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2016 May 5. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Randomized clinical trial of postoperative chewing gum versus standard care after colorectal resection </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Atkinson+C&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="C Atkinson">C Atkinson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Penfold+CM&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="C M Penfold">C M Penfold</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ness+AR&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="A R Ness">A R Ness</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Longman+RJ&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R J Longman">R J Longman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Coloproctology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thomas+SJ&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S J Thomas">S J Thomas</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hollingworth+W&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="W Hollingworth">W Hollingworth</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kandiyali+R&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R Kandiyali">R Kandiyali</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Leary+SD&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S D Leary">S D Leary</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lewis+SJ&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S J Lewis">S J Lewis</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Gastroenterology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/27146793/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Coloproctology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Schools of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Gastroenterology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">27146793</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC5084762&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5084762/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC5084762 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/bjs.10194&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10194" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/bjs.10194 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Randomized Controlled Trial</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Randomized clinical trial of postoperative chewing gum versus standard care after colorectal resection </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">C Atkinson</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Br J Surg<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2016 Jul</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/27146793/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span 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dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="The British journal of surgery" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The British journal of surgery" data-pinger-ignore> Br J Surg </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The British journal of surgery"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Br+J+Surg%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Br+J+Surg%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Br J Surg" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Br J Surg"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Br+J+Surg%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Br J Surg"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Br J Surg"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Br J Surg"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2016 Jul;103(8):962-70.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1002/bjs.10194. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2016 May 5. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Atkinson+C&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="C Atkinson">C Atkinson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Penfold+CM&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="C M Penfold">C M Penfold</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ness+AR&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="A R Ness">A R Ness</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Longman+RJ&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R J Longman">R J Longman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Coloproctology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thomas+SJ&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S J Thomas">S J Thomas</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hollingworth+W&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="W Hollingworth">W Hollingworth</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kandiyali+R&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R Kandiyali">R Kandiyali</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Leary+SD&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S D Leary">S D Leary</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lewis+SJ&cauthor_id=27146793" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="S J Lewis">S J Lewis</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Gastroenterology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Schools of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Coloproctology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Schools of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Gastroenterology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">27146793</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC5084762&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5084762/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC5084762 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/bjs.10194&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10194" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/bjs.10194 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/27146793/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/27146793/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> Chewing gum may stimulate gastrointestinal motility, with beneficial effects on postoperative ileus suggested in small studies. The primary aim of this trial was to determine whether chewing gum reduces length of hospital stay (LOS) after colorectal resection. Secondary aims included examining bowel habit symptoms, complications and healthcare costs. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> This clinical trial allocated patients randomly to standard postoperative care with or without chewing gum (sugar-free gum for at least 10 min, four times per day on days 1-5) in five UK hospitals. The primary outcome was LOS. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for LOS. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> Data from 402 of 412 patients, of whom 199 (49·5 per cent) were allocated to chewing gum, were available for analysis. Some 40 per cent of patients in both groups had laparoscopic surgery, and all study sites used enhanced recovery programmes. Median (i.q.r.) LOS was 7 (5-11) days in both groups (P = 0·962); the hazard ratio for use of gum was 0·94 (95 per cent c.i. 0·77 to 1·15; P = 0·557). Participants allocated to gum had worse quality of life, measured using the EuroQoL 5D-3L, than controls at 6 and 12 weeks after operation (but not on day 4). They also had more complications graded III or above according to the Dindo-Demartines-Clavien classification (16 versus 6 in the group that received standard care) and deaths (11 versus 0), but none was classed as related to gum. No other differences were observed. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> Chewing gum did not alter the return of bowel function or LOS after colorectal resection. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Registration number: </strong> ISRCTN55784442 (http://www.controlled-trials.com). </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> © 2016 The Authors. BJS published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJS Society Ltd. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2568/5084762/c703596263ee/BJS-103-962-g001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="709" data-image-height="385" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC5084762" data-figure-id="bjs10194-fig-0001"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2568/5084762/88ef4bbf8642/BJS-103-962-g001.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="709"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="385"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CONSORT diagram for the trial.… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CONSORT diagram for the trial. *Did not undergo colorectal resection (7 patients), participating… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">CONSORT diagram for the trial. *Did not undergo colorectal resection (7 patients), participating in another trial (1), had been operated on as an emergency (1), or deemed unsuitable based on intraoperative problems and subsequent intensive therapy unit admission (1). †On at least one occasion according to chewing gum log. ‡Chewing gum log showed that: gum had been received but there was no information on whether or not it had been chewed (4); gum had not been received (4, 1 of whom had not been given gum in error); no information on whether or not gum had been received or chewed (15). §Chewing gum provided in error. ¶Questionnaire on use of gum in standard care group indicated that gum had been chewed at least once during days 1–5 after surgery</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" 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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 1: 71–80. - <a class="reference-link" href="/15017498/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="15017498" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <div class="actions-bar"> <button class="show-all" ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link" aria-controls="top-references-list-1" data-next-page-url="/27146793/references/" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="show_more" > Show all 27 references </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Publication types </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Multicenter Study" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Multicenter Study </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Multicenter Study"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Multicenter+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Multicenter+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Multicenter Study"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Multicenter Study"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Multicenter+Study" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Multicenter Study"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Multicenter Study"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Multicenter Study"[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Randomized Controlled Trial" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Randomized Controlled Trial </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Randomized Controlled Trial"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Randomized+Controlled+Trial%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" 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class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Aged"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Chewing Gum*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Chewing Gum* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Chewing Gum*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Chewing+Gum%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Chewing+Gum%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Chewing Gum"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Chewing Gum*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Chewing+Gum" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Chewing Gum*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Chewing Gum"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Chewing Gum"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Colectomy*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Colectomy* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Colectomy*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Colectomy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Colectomy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Colectomy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Colectomy*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Colectomy" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Colectomy*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Colectomy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Colectomy"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Defecation" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Defecation </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Defecation"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Defecation%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Defecation%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Defecation"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Defecation"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Defecation" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Defecation"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Defecation"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Defecation"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Female </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female" data-ga-category="search_mesh" 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href="/?term=%22Flatulence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Flatulence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Flatulence"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Flatulence"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Flatulence" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Flatulence"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Flatulence"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Flatulence"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Gastrointestinal Motility" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Gastrointestinal Motility </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Gastrointestinal Motility"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Gastrointestinal+Motility%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Gastrointestinal+Motility%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Gastrointestinal Motility"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Gastrointestinal Motility"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Gastrointestinal+Motility" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Gastrointestinal Motility"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Gastrointestinal Motility"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Gastrointestinal Motility"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Ileus / prevention & control*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Ileus / prevention & control* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Ileus / prevention & control*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Ileus%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Ileus%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Ileus/prevention and control"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Ileus / prevention & control*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Ileus" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Ileus / prevention & control*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Ileus/prevention and control"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Ileus/prevention and control"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Length+of+Stay%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Length+of+Stay%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Length of Stay/statistics and numerical data"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Length+of+Stay" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Length of Stay/statistics and numerical data"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Length of Stay/statistics and numerical data"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Postoperative Care*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Postoperative Care* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Postoperative Care*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Postoperative+Care%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Postoperative+Care%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Postoperative Care"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Postoperative Care*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" 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Postoperative Complications / classification"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Postoperative+Complications%2Fclassification%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Postoperative+Complications%2Fclassification%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Postoperative Complications/classification"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Postoperative Complications / classification"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Postoperative+Complications" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Postoperative Complications / classification"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link 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Randomized clinical trial of postoperative chewing gum versus standard care after colorectal resection - PubMed