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aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平经历" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平经历"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平经历</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平经历-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平经历子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平经历-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-名號" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名號"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>名號</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名號-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-故里" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#故里"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>故里</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-故里-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-思想淵源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#思想淵源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>思想淵源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-思想淵源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-哲學思想" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哲學思想"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>哲學思想</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-哲學思想-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关哲學思想子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-哲學思想-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-處世論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#處世論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>處世論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-處世論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-體道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>體道</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>政治哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文学贡献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文学贡献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>文学贡献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文学贡献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-信仰形象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信仰形象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>信仰形象</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-信仰形象-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关信仰形象子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-信仰形象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-來由" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#來由"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>來由</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-來由-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學與歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學與歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>文學與歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學與歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影視形象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影視形象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>影視形象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影視形象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>研究書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>另見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">庄子</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。69种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="جوانغ زي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوانغ زي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%B2%D9%89" title="جوانج زى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوانج زى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87juan_Tsz%C4%B1" title="Çjuan Tszı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çjuan Tszı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Чжуан-цзы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чжуан-цзы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8A" title="Джуандзъ – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джуандзъ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀྲོའང་ཙེ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀྲོའང་ཙེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%8Fng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Cŏng-cṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cŏng-cṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuang-c%27" title="Čuang-c' – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čuang-c'" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%96%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ζουάνγκ Ζου – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζουάνγκ Ζου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zhuang Zhou" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cuangzio" title="Ĝuangzio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝuangzio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ژوانگزی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژوانگزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchouang-tseu" title="Tchouang-tseu – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchouang-tseu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zi" title="Zhuang Zi – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zhuang Zi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%93%D7%96%D7%94" title="ג'ואנג דזה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ואנג דזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zhuang Zhou" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csuang_Csou" title="Csuang Csou – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csuang Csou" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%91%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Ժուան Ցզի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժուան Ցզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu%C4%81ngz%C7%90" title="Zhuāngzǐ – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zhuāngzǐ" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%98%E5%AD%90" title="荘子 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="荘子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EC%9E%90" title="장자 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancius" title="Sancius – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sancius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Tzu" title="Chuang Tzu – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chuang Tzu" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEuangdzi" title="Džuangdzi – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džuangdzi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEuandzi" title="Džuandzi – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džuandzi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang-Tzu" title="Chuang-Tzu – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Chuang-Tzu" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zi" title="Zhuang Zi – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zhuang Zi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi_(filos%C3%B2f)" title="Zhuangzi (filosòf) – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zhuangzi (filosòf)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੁਆਂਗਜ਼ੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੁਆਂਗਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi_(filozof)" title="Zhuangzi (filozof) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zhuangzi (filozof)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zi" title="Zhuang Zi – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Zhuang Zi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88" title="چوانگ تزو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چوانگ تزو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang-Tzu" title="Chuang-Tzu – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chuang-Tzu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Чжуан-цзы – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чжуан-цзы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang-zi" title="Zhuang-zi – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Zhuang-zi" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Zhuang Zhou" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zhuang Zhou" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Tzu" title="Chuang Tzu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chuang Tzu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cuang-c%E2%80%99" title="Čuang-c’ – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čuang-c’" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEuang_D%C5%BEov" title="Džuang Džov – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Džuang Džov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%A6%D0%B5" title="Чуанг Це – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чуанг Це" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_Zi" title="Zhuang Zi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zhuang Zi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuwang-ce" title="Cuwang-ce – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cuwang-ce" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80" title="சுவாங்சீ – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுவாங்சீ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="จวงจื่อ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จวงจื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%86%D0%B7%D0%B8_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84)" title="Чжуан-цзи (філософ) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чжуан-цзи (філософ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88" title="چوانگ تزو – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چوانگ تزو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trang_T%E1%BB%AD" title="Trang Tử – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trang Tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zhuangzi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="庄子 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="庄子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canghswj" title="Canghswj – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Canghswj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" title="莊子 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="莊子" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chong-ch%C3%BA" title="Chong-chú – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chong-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" title="莊子 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莊子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47739#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E8%8E%8A%E5%91%A8" hreflang="zh"><span>维基文库</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47739" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此條目介紹的是思想家<b>莊周</b>其人。关于莊周及弟子後學的著作，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">莊子 (書)</a></b>」。关于在香港被译为“庄子”的日本动漫画《龙珠》系列角色，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%9B" title="布尔玛">布尔玛</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">莊周</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%8E%84%E9%96%80%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%96_%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%E7%8E%84%E9%96%80%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%96_%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90.jpg/250px-%E7%8E%84%E9%96%80%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%96_%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%E7%8E%84%E9%96%80%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%96_%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90.jpg/375px-%E7%8E%84%E9%96%80%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%96_%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%E7%8E%84%E9%96%80%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%96_%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90.jpg/500px-%E7%8E%84%E9%96%80%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%96_%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1556" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">玄門十子圖(元·華祖立)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">約前369年<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="宋國">宋國</a>蒙（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省">河南省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%98%E5%B8%82" title="商丘市">商丘市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%9B%AD%E5%8C%BA" title="梁园区">梁园区</a>蒙墙寺村）</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">約前286年<br /><span class="deathplace">未知</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时代</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國時代">戰國時代</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地区</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">学派</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="nowrap">著名思想</span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">以<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>為實體的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="本体论 (哲学)">本體論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%89%A9%E9%BD%8A%E4%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="萬物齊一">萬物齊一</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border: none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left;"><div>受影响于</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border: none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left;"><div>影响于</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="2" style="float: right; clear: right; border: 2px solid black; background: white; padding: 4px; font-size: 95%; margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: white; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tao.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yin Yang"><img alt="Yin Yang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/30px-Tao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/45px-Tao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/60px-Tao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="497" /></a></span><br /> <p><span style="font-size:large;"></span>系列條目 </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #A9A9A9;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="道家思想"><span style="color:white;">道家思想</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7" title="德">德</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #A9A9A9;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道家人物（页面不存在）"><span style="color:white;">道家人物</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="皇德">皇德</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D" title="三皇五帝">三皇五帝</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%88%90%E5%AD%90" title="广成子">广成子</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%B9" title="伊尹">伊尹</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC" title="姜太公">太公望</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B9%E5%96%9C" title="尹喜">尹喜</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90" title="文子">文子</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">庄子</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90" title="列子">列子</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E6%B7%B5" title="環淵">環淵</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9C%B1" title="杨朱">杨朱</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E7%9F%B3%E5%85%AC" title="黄石公">黄石公</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E8%89%AF" title="张良">张良</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%89" title="刘安">刘安</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #A9A9A9;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道家典籍（页面不存在）"><span style="color:white;">道家典籍</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="老子 (書)">老子</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">莊子</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90%E3%80%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="《列子》">列子</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)" title="文子 (书籍)">文子</a>》<br />《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%9B%E7%B6%93" title="黃帝四經">黃帝書</a>》<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #A9A9A9;text-align:center"><span style="color:white;">相關條目</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="諸子百家">諸子百家</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%AE%B6" title="兵家">兵家</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" title="黄老道">黃老</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%A6" title="玄学">玄学</a> <a 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style="border:3px solid var(--border-color-notice); width:16.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#292929">道教</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakua_with_frame.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pakua_with_frame.svg/100px-Pakua_with_frame.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pakua_with_frame.svg/150px-Pakua_with_frame.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pakua_with_frame.svg/200px-Pakua_with_frame.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 教義和要素</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BA_(%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6)" title="无为 (道家)">無爲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9D%99" title="清静">清静</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%99" class="mw-redirect" title="逍遙">逍遙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (道教)">三寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (道教)">修道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E8%A7%A3" title="尸解">羽化飛昇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%80" title="守一">守一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神仙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="真人">真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="氣 (中國)">炁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%A5%B5" title="太極">太極</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%A6" title="八卦">八卦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E7%A9%80" title="辟穀">辟穀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="内丹术">内丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="外丹术">外丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="道教戒律">道誡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E7%B1%99" title="符籙">符籙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%95" title="雷法">法術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E9%86%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="齋醮">科儀</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 人物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B9%E5%96%9C" title="尹喜">关尹子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90" title="文子">文子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90" title="列子">列子</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">庄子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E8%B0%B7%E5%AD%90" title="鬼谷子">鬼谷子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%A7%92" title="張角">張角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" title="张道陵">张道陵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E4%BC%AF%E9%98%B3" title="魏伯阳">魏伯阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E9%80%8A" title="许逊">许逊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E8%8F%AF%E5%AD%98" title="魏華存">魏華存</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%AA" title="葛洪">葛洪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%87%E8%B0%A6%E4%B9%8B" title="寇谦之">寇谦之</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E4%BF%AE%E9%9D%99" title="陆修静">陆修静</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%BC%98%E6%99%AF" title="陶弘景">陶弘景</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%98%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="李弘真君">李弘真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">孙思邈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%96%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%9F" title="五祖七真">五祖七真</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%8A%9F" title="陈抟">陈抟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8D%BF" title="王文卿">王文卿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%BF%E7%A5%AF" title="司马承祯">司马承祯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E4%B8%80%E6%98%8E" title="刘一明">刘一明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E5%85%83%E8%8A%82" title="邵元节">邵元节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%9A%E4%BC%AF%E7%A7%80" title="褚伯秀">褚伯秀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%99%AF%E5%85%83_(%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B)" title="陳景元 (北宋)">陈景元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%87%8D%E9%99%BD" title="王重陽">王重陽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%A4%84%E6%9C%BA" title="丘处机">丘处机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%B0" title="张三丰">张三丰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%92%84%E5%AE%81" title="陈撄宁">陈撄宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%83%E8%B4%A4" title="竹林七贤">竹林七贤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="道教人物列表">道教人物列表</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 神仙</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85" title="三清">三清</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BE%A1" title="四御">四御</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="元始天尊">元始天尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="靈寶天尊">靈寶天尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B" title="太上老君">道德天尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="玉皇上帝">皇天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%9C%9F" title="后土">后土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%BE%AE%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="紫微大帝">紫微</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="天皇大帝">勾陳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E4%BB%99%E7%BF%81" title="南極仙翁">南極長生大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B9%99%E6%95%91%E8%8B%A6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="太乙救苦天尊">太乙救苦天尊</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A5%B5" title="無極">先天</a>尊神</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="西王母">西王母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" title="东王公">东王公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A6%99%E7%8E%89%E5%A5%B3" title="玄妙玉女">聖母元君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%97%E5%A7%A5%E5%85%83%E5%90%9B" title="斗姥元君">斗姥元君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%98%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="三官大帝">三官大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E5%85%83%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混元五方上帝（页面不存在）">混元五方上帝</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B2%BE%E5%AD%90" title="赤精子">赤精子</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%B2%BE%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水精子（页面不存在）">水精子</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%BB%83%E8%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中黃老（页面不存在）">中黃老</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" title="东王公">东王公</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="西王母">西王母</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="五方上帝">五方五老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="玄天上帝">玄天上帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%A9%E6%87%89%E5%85%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%81%B2%E6%99%AE%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="九天應元雷聲普化天尊">雷聲普化天尊</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>天地山川百神</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="九皇大帝">九皇大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="太陽星君">太陽星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B4%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="太阴星君">太阴星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="北斗星君">北斗星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%97%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="南斗星君">南斗星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%B2#太歲信仰" title="太歲">太歲星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E6%98%9F" title="魁星">魁斗星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B6%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="五嶽大帝">五嶽大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E7%8E%8B" title="龙王">四海龍王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BB%99%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%8B" title="水仙尊王">水仙尊王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%AF%8D" title="電母">金光聖母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%AC" title="雷公">雷公</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%96%93" title="陰間">冥府</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%86%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="酆都大帝">酆都大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B6%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="東嶽大帝">東嶽大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%AE%BF%E9%96%BB%E7%BE%85" title="十殿閻羅">十殿閻君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E9%AC%BC%E5%B8%9D" title="五方鬼帝">五方鬼帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E5%8F%B8" title="陰陽司">陰陽司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%98_(%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87)" title="判官 (神祇)">判官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%9C%E9%81%8A%E7%A5%9E" title="日夜遊神">日夜遊神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%99%BD%E7%84%A1%E5%B8%B8" title="黑白無常">黑白無常</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>聖賢<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">仙真</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%8F%A4" title="盘古">盘古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%A8%B2" title="女娲">女娲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2" title="伏羲">伏羲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C" title="神农">神农</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D" title="黄帝">黄帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E4%BB%99" title="八仙">八仙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E6%B4%9E%E5%AE%BE" title="吕洞宾">純陽祖師</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%B3" title="九天玄女">九天玄女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%8A%E5%B1%B1%E8%80%81%E6%AF%8D" title="骊山老母">骊山老母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%8A%B1%E4%BB%99%E5%AD%90" title="百花仙子">百花仙子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E5%A7%91" title="麻姑">虛寂沖應真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8C%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="三茅真君">三茅真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%88%9D%E5%B9%B3" title="黄初平">黃大仙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E8%88%AA%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="慈航真人">慈航真人</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>護法太保</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%9D%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="李靖 (神话人物)">托塔李天王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92" title="哪吒">中壇元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E%E7%A5%9E" title="二郎神">二郎真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E9%A6%97" title="鍾馗">驅魔真君鍾馗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD" title="关羽">關聖帝君</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E7%BE%BD%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="關羽信仰">關羽信仰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="四大元帥">四大元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%A4%AA%E4%BF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫太保（页面不存在）">溫元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康元帥（页面不存在）">康元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="华光大帝">馬天君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%90%9B" title="王天君">王靈官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A3%87%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="玄壇真君">玄壇真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5" title="田都元帥">田都元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%87%9F%E7%A5%9E%E5%B0%87" title="五營神將">五營神將</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="法主真君">法主真君</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>民間俗神</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%BF%E5%A3%BD" title="福祿壽">福祿壽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96" title="媽祖">天上聖母</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="台灣媽祖信仰">台灣媽祖信仰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E9%9C%9E%E5%85%83%E5%90%9B" title="碧霞元君">泰山娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B6%E5%90%9B" title="灶君">灶君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E7%A5%9E" title="財神">財神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E7%A5%9E" title="门神">门神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D" title="城隍">城隍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%BB" title="境主">境主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC" title="土地公">福德正神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%8B%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA" title="月下老人">月老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%90%9B" title="文昌帝君">文昌帝君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">天醫真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%AF" title="包拯">包公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="保生大帝">保生大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%85%83%E5%85%89" title="陳元光">開漳聖王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%BE%A4%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%8B" title="廣澤尊王">廣澤尊王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%8B" title="青山灵安尊王">靈安尊王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="三山國王">三山國王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%8E%8B" title="古公三王">古公三王</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="九龍三公（页面不存在）">九龍三公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%A6%E7%8E%8B%E7%88%BA" title="西秦王爺">西秦王爺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E8%81%96" title="洪聖">洪聖大王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E5%85%AC" title="車公">車公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E7%88%BA" title="虎爺">虎爺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%87%E5%A5%B3" title="织女">七星娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%8A%B1%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98" title="金花娘娘">金花娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="臨水夫人">臨水夫人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%BB%E7%94%9F%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98" title="註生娘娘">註生娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%90%9B" title="武夷君">武夷真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%8F%AD" title="鲁班">巧聖先師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E9%A3%9E" title="岳飞">岳武穆王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="太公望">姜太公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E4%BB%99" title="張仙">張仙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4%E7%A5%96%E5%B8%AB" title="清水祖師">清水祖師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%98%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="李弘真君">李弘真君</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A3%E4%BC%AF%E8%8F%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="董伯華（页面不存在）">董公祖師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%BA%9C%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2" title="五府千歲">五府千歲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2" title="五年千歲">五年千歲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="五福大帝">五福王爺</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道教神祇列表（页面不存在）">道教神祇列表</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 宗派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>早期 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" title="黄老道">黄老道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a></li></ul></li> <li>成型期 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%93_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="太平道 (宗教)">太平道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E9%81%93" title="五斗米道">五斗米道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88" title="张天师">张天师</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天师道</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>古三派 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E8%A7%82%E9%81%93" title="楼观道">楼观道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%A7%8B%E6%B4%BE" title="文始派">文始道/隱仙派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="華山派">華山道</a></li></ul></li> <li>诸宗派 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%AE%9D%E6%B4%BE" title="灵宝派">灵宝派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E6%B4%BE" title="东华派">东华派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%BE" title="上清派">上清派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E5%B1%B1%E5%AE%97" title="茅山宗">茅山宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E7%9A%82%E5%AE%97" title="閣皂宗">閣皂宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="重玄宗">重玄派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BF%83%E6%B4%BE" title="天心派">天心派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%9C%84%E6%B4%BE" title="神霄派">神霄派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%AE%E6%B4%BE" title="清微派">清微派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93" title="净明道">净明道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="閭山派">閭山派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%BA%B5%E6%B4%BE" title="普庵派">普庵派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="太一教">太一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="大道教">真大道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%BE" title="龙门派">龙门派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%97_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="南宗 (道教)">金丹南宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%95%99" title="玄教">玄教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BB%99%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天仙派（页面不存在）">天仙派</a></li></ul></li> <li>各地道教 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99#中國大陆" title="道教">中国大陆道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="香港道教">香港道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="台灣道教">台灣道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="新加坡道教">新加坡道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="日本道教">日本道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="越南道教">越南道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮道教">朝鲜半岛道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99#東南亞" title="道教">东南亚道教</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 典籍</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E7%BB%8F" title="道经">道经</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F" title="道藏">道藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%BB%8F" title="易经">易经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="老子 (書)">道德經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">南華經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D)" title="列子 (古籍)">沖虛經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)" title="文子 (书籍)">通玄經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E5%B0%B9%E5%AD%90" title="关尹子">文始經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南內篇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%B4%E7%AC%A6%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝阴符经">陰符經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%BA%AD%E7%BB%8F" title="黄庭经">黄庭经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E5%8F%82%E5%90%8C%E5%A5%91" title="周易参同契">參同契</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B6%93" title="太平經">太平經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%9F%E7%9C%9F%E7%AF%87" title="悟真篇">悟真篇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E4%BA%94%E7%AC%A6%E7%B6%93" title="靈寶五符經">靈寶五符經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B6%BD%E7%9C%9F%E5%BD%A2%E5%9C%96" title="五嶽真形圖">五嶽真形圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E6%96%87" title="三皇文">三皇文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%BB%8F" title="度人经">靈寶度人經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%9E%E7%9C%9F%E7%BB%8F" title="大洞真经">大洞真经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%98%87%E7%B6%93" title="西昇經">西昇經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B%E8%AA%AA%E5%B8%B8%E6%B8%85%E9%9D%9C%E7%B6%93" title="太上老君說常清靜經">清静經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%8A%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%A0%E5%8F%A5" title="老子河上公章句">老子河上公章句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%8D%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="心印经">心印经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%99%9A%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2%E7%B6%93" title="早晚功課經">功課經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E6%84%9F%E6%87%89%E7%AF%87" title="太上感應篇">感應篇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%8E%84%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E5%AE%9A%E8%A7%80%E7%B6%93" title="洞玄靈寶定觀經">定觀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B%E5%85%A7%E8%A7%80%E7%B6%93" title="太上老君內觀經">內觀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E6%81%AF%E7%B6%93" title="胎息經">胎息經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E6%9C%AC%E5%91%BD%E5%BB%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%9C%9F%E7%B6%93" title="北斗本命延生真經">北斗經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%A9%E6%87%89%E5%85%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%81%B2%E6%99%AE%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%89%E6%A8%9E%E5%AF%B6%E7%B6%93" title="九天應元雷聲普化天尊玉樞寶經">玉樞經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%8A%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E9%9B%86%E7%B6%93" title="高上玉皇本行集經">玉皇經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%98%E7%B6%93" title="三官經">三官經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B1%E6%9C%B4%E5%AD%90" title="抱朴子">抱朴子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E7%B6%B1%E8%AB%96" title="玄綱論">玄綱論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%A6" title="化书">化书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%AC%88%E4%B8%83%E7%AD%BE" title="云笈七签">云笈七签</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E6%9E%A2" title="道教义枢">道教义枢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E6%9B%B8" title="善書">善書</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 洞天福地</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E4%BA%AC%E5%B1%B1" title="玉京山">玉京山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E5%B1%B1_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="昆仑山 (神话)">崑崙山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E8%90%8A%E5%B1%B1" title="蓬萊山">蓬萊山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="洞天">洞天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6" title="十洲三島">十洲三島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="十大洞天">十大洞天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%B0%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="三十六小洞天">三十六小洞天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%B0" title="七十二福地">七十二福地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="道教名山">道教名山</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1" title="武当山">武当山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%9F%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="青城山">青城山</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%B0" title="洞天福地">洞天福地</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="洞天">洞天</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 其他</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="中國道教史">歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="中國道教音樂">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="宫观">宫观</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="道教全国重点宫观">道教全国重点宫观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E8%A7%82" title="白云观">白云观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E8%A7%82%E5%8F%B0" title="楼观台">楼观台</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9B%86" title="道曆">道曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国道教协会">中国道教协会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国道教学院">中国道教学院</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Portal:道教">道教主題</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Template:道教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:道教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:道教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>莊子</b>（约前369年—前286年）<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<b>莊</b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%8F" title="氏">氏</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="名字">名</a><b>周</b>，一说<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a><b>子休</b>，約與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90" title="孟子">孟子</a>同時，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="宋国">宋國</a>蒙人，曾任漆園吏。為中國<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國時代">戰國</a>中期著名<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%AE%B6" title="思想家">思想家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="哲學家">哲學家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="作家">文學家</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a>学派的代表人物，<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>思想的繼承和發展者，後世將他與老子並稱為「老莊」。西元742年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%9D_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="天宝 (唐朝)">天寶</a>初，詔封莊周為南華真人，稱其著書《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">莊子</a>》為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">南華經</a><sup id="cite_ref-南華_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-南華-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="四庫全書">四庫全書</a>之中歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95#子" title="四部分類法">子部</a>道家類。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%97" title="宋徽宗">宋徽宗</a>時，追封為「微妙元通真君」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平经历"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3.E7.BB.8F.E5.8E.86"></span>生平经历</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平经历"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="名號"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E8.99.9F"></span>名號</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：名號"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="司马迁">司马迁</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>·老莊申韓列传》载：“莊子者，蒙人也，名周。周尝为蒙漆园吏，与<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%83%A0%E7%8E%8B" title="魏惠王">梁惠王</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="齊宣王">齐宣王</a>同时。其学无所不闚，然其要本归於老子之言。故其著书十馀万言，大抵率寓言也。……其言洸洋自恣以適己，故自王公大人不能器之。” </p><p>根据以上记载，庄子名周。《知北游》中说“周、遍、咸，三者异名同实，其指一也！”这可能是庄子对自己名字的特地解释。又有说庄子字「子休」，见于《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E4%B8%96%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%80" title="警世通言">警世通言</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但司马迁没有记载，《庄子》中也没有相关证据，恐怕不确。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="故里"><span id=".E6.95.85.E9.87.8C"></span>故里</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：故里"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《史記》記載：「莊子者，蒙人也，名周」。”战国先后一百多诸侯国中并无蒙国，故庄子“蒙人”的稱謂應應為地名。「蒙」為何處，主要有三种具有代表性的看法：<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>今河南商丘西北民权县。古代學者支持者甚多，該說影響最大。西汉<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" title="刘向">刘向</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A5%E9%8C%84" title="別錄">别录</a>》、东晋郭缘生《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%B0%E5%BE%81%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="述征记（页面不存在）">述征记</a>》、三国（吳）韦昭《国语注》、唐成玄英《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90%E7%96%8F%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庄子疏序（页面不存在）">庄子疏序</a>》、宋乐史《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%AF%B0%E5%AE%87%E8%AE%B0" title="太平寰宇记">太平寰宇记</a>》、清蒋廷锡《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BB%8A%E9%87%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尚书地理今释（页面不存在）">尚书地理今释</a>》、清段长基《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="历代疆域表（页面不存在）">历代疆域表</a>》、清顾祖禹《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%B9%E8%88%86%E7%BA%AA%E8%A6%81" title="读史方舆纪要">读史方舆纪要</a>》等均持此说。現當代學者中，郭沫若、王力、杨宽、翦伯赞等皆从此说。2016年1月，国家旅游局將商丘市民权县“庄子文化旅游景区”批准为国家AAA级旅游景区。</li> <li>今山东东明县。唐代张守节《史记正义》引初唐魏王李泰撰《括地志》“曹州·冤朐县”下：“漆园故城在曹州冤朐县北十七里，庄周为漆园吏，即此。”。唐代杜佑《通典·州郡》亦载：冤句有漆园，庄周为吏之所。北宋乐史撰《太平寰宇记》卷十三“冤句县”下：“漆园城在县北五十里，庄周为吏之所，旧置监，今漆园城北有庄周钓台。”明代李贤等撰《明一统志》卷二十三记：“漆园城，曹县西北五十里，庄周为漆园吏，即此。”《山东通志》《曹州府志》等皆据上说，认为漆园城在故冤句北七十里（或曰“十七里”为“七十里”之误），庄周为蒙漆园吏。</li> <li>今安徽蒙城县。北宋时期蒙城县令王兢始作庄子祠，苏轼应王兢之邀于元丰元年写了《庄子祠堂记》（今存殘碑186字）一文，認定莊子故里在安徽蒙城。朱熹在《朱子语类》中说：“庄子生于蒙，在淮西间。”“庄子自是楚人”。近现代學者中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4" title="王国维">王国维</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E5%8F%8B%E5%85%B0" title="冯友兰">冯友兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="刘大杰">刘大杰</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%99%E4%BB%A5%E6%A5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孙以楷（页面不存在）">孙以楷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%81" title="常征">常征</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E8%8C%B9%E5%86%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夏茹冰（页面不存在）">夏茹冰</a>等均主安徽蒙城县说，多有考證。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>庄子的生活年代，一般认为是前369年—前286年。庄子逝世的那年，宋国灭亡<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。也有认为庄子活得更长的，《庄子》中有<sup id="cite_ref-則陽_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-則陽-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>“旧国旧都，望之畅然”，显然宋亡以后才称呼“旧国旧都”。 </p><p>庄子属道家，从《庄子》很容易得出这个结论。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="司马迁">司马迁</a>说庄子著书十万餘言，而今本《庄子》仅33篇6万5千多字，分内篇、外篇、杂篇三部分。《汉书·艺文志》载“《庄子》五十二篇”，可能是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="晋代">晋代</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E8%B1%A1" title="郭象">郭象</a>注《庄子》删去了。以前一般认为《庄子》全部为庄子所著。从<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代">宋代</a>起，竟成问题，认为内篇为庄子本人所著，而外篇和杂篇是<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a>弟子託名。总的来说，《庄子》一书除了《杂篇·说剑》类似<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B5%E6%A8%AA%E5%AE%B6" title="纵横家">纵横家</a>所著以外，其思想还是统一的。庄子写书风格独特，自己称（《杂篇·寓言》）以不拘一格的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80" title="寓言">寓言</a>写作。 </p><p>庄子除做过漆园吏以外，没有擔任過其他官職。据《外篇·秋水》记载，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%A8%81%E7%8E%8B" title="楚威王">楚威王</a>曾派人邀请莊周為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD" title="楚国">楚国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B0%E7%9B%B8" title="宰相">宰相</a>。莊子以宁为泥中嬉戏的活<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9C%E9%B1%89%E7%9B%AE" title="龜鱉目">烏龟</a>，也不願意为庙堂之上，受人敬拜，用以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E5%8D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="卜卦">卜卦</a>之龜殼为由，拒绝了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%A8%81%E7%8E%8B" title="楚威王">楚威王</a>的邀请（泥中之龜）。他一生淡泊名利，主张修身养性，清静<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BA_(%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6)" title="无为 (道家)">无为</a>，順應自然，追求精神<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%99" class="mw-redirect" title="逍遙">逍遙</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E5%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無待（页面不存在）">無待</a>。一直过着深居简出的隐居生活。和<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%96%BD" title="惠施">惠施</a>交好。 </p><p>对于莊子的行为，有些人认为这是真正的逍遥，也有人认为是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%A4%E4%B8%96%E5%AB%89%E4%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="愤世嫉俗">愤世嫉俗</a>的表现，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="清代">清代</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E6%96%87%E8%8B%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡文英（页面不存在）">胡文英</a>在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90%E7%8B%AC%E8%A7%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莊子独见（页面不存在）">莊子独见</a>》持此观点，他说：“人只知<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">三闾</a>之哀怨，而不知漆园之哀怨有甚于三闾也。盖三闾之哀怨在一国，而漆园之哀在天下；三闾之哀怨在一时，而漆园之哀怨在万世。” </p><p>庄子还被认为是最早的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a>者<sup id="cite_ref-MurrayRothbard_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MurrayRothbard-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="思想淵源"><span id=".E6.80.9D.E6.83.B3.E6.B7.B5.E6.BA.90"></span>思想淵源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：思想淵源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世以“<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%BA%84" class="mw-redirect" title="老庄">老庄</a>”并称，庄子和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>都是道家的代表人物。当然庄子的思想是承继于<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>的。相同点主要在“道法自然”的观点中，庄子说“天有大美而不言……是故至人无为，大圣不作，观于天地之谓也。”<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>还有就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BA_(%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6)" title="无为 (道家)">无为</a>、反对<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="战争">战争</a>等观点。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E7%94%9F_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="養生 (道教)">养生</a>观点上，虽然老庄都谈养生，但庄子更为重视，《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A9%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="让王（页面不存在）">让王</a>》中有“两臂重于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B" title="天下">天下</a>”。 </p><p>但老庄之间还是有区别的。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E" title="韩非">韩非</a>援引《老子》。而庄子抛弃了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家</a>援引老子思想中讲权术的一面。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%A4%AA%E7%82%8E" title="章太炎">章太炎</a>的《论诸子学》中有“其术似与老子相同，其心乃于老子绝异。故《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E7%AF%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天下篇（页面不存在）">天下篇</a>》历叙诸家，己与<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E5%B0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="关尹">关尹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E8%81%83" class="mw-redirect" title="老聃">老聃</a>裂分为二。其褒之以‘至极’，尊之以‘博大真人’者，以其自然之说，为己所取法也。其裂分为二者，不欲以老子之权术自污也。” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="哲學思想"><span id=".E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8.E6.80.9D.E6.83.B3"></span>哲學思想</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：哲學思想"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="處世論"><span id=".E8.99.95.E4.B8.96.E8.AB.96"></span>處世論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：處世論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhuangzi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zhuangzi.png/200px-Zhuangzi.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zhuangzi.png/300px-Zhuangzi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zhuangzi.png/400px-Zhuangzi.png 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption>莊子</figcaption></figure> <p>莊子認為人活在世上须旷达处之泰然，如「游于羿之彀中，中央者，中地也；然而不中者，命也」<sup id="cite_ref-德充符_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-德充符-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="羿">羿</a>,「古之善射者，夫利害相攻则天下皆羿也」<sup id="cite_ref-德充符_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-德充符-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，彀指利害得失，「故免乎弓矢之害者，自以為巧，欣然多己，及至不免，則自恨其謬而志傷神辱，斯未能達命之情者也」<sup id="cite_ref-德充符_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-德充符-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，中与不中而「知不可奈何而安之若命，唯有德者能之」<sup id="cite_ref-德充符_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-德充符-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。對於君主的殘暴，莊子是一再強調的，「回聞衛君，其年壯，其行獨；輕用其國，而不見其過；輕用民死，死者以國量乎澤若蕉，民其無如矣。」<sup id="cite_ref-人間世_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人間世-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。所以莊子不願去做官，因為他認為伴君如伴<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">虎</a>，只能「順」。「汝不知夫養虎者乎！不敢以生物與之，為其殺之之怒也；不敢以全物與之，為其決之之怒；時其饑飽，達其怒心。虎之與人異類而媚養己者，順也；故其殺者，逆也。」還要防止馬屁拍到馬腳上，「夫愛馬者，以筐盛矢，以蜄盛溺。適有蚊虻仆緣，而拊之不時，則缺銜毀首碎胸。」<sup id="cite_ref-人間世_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人間世-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>伴君之難，可見一斑。莊子認為人生應該追求自由。 </p><p>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>相類似的，莊子也認為人生有悲的一面。《齊物論》中有「一受其成形，不忘以待盡。與物相刃相靡，其行盡如馳，而莫之能止，不亦悲乎！終身役役而不見其成功，苶然疲役而不知其所歸，可不哀邪！人謂之不死，奚益！其形化，其心與之然，可不謂大哀乎？人之生也，固若是芒乎？其我獨芒，而人亦有不芒者乎？」莊子認為如果能做到「齊物」，那麼他便能達到「逍遙」的境界。這是莊子哲學中另一個重要概念，這是個體精神解放的境界，即無<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B%E7%9B%BE" title="矛盾">矛盾</a>地生存於世界之中。莊子並不否認矛盾，只是強調主觀上對矛盾的擺脫。莊子用「<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%82%BA_(%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6)" class="mw-redirect" title="無為 (道家)">無為</a>」來解釋這一術語，與老子不同，這裏「無為」是指心靈不被外物所拖累的自由自在，無拘無束的狀態。這種狀態，也被稱為「無待」，意為沒有相對的東西。這時，人們拋棄了功名利祿的追求欲望，「乘天地之正，而禦六氣之辯，以遊無窮」。這句被普遍認為《逍遙遊》一篇主旨，同時也是《莊子》一書的主旨。這是一種心與「道」合一的境界。 </p><p>莊子假稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>之言，稱一般人都是虛偽的，比大自然還難預料，大自然有日夜四季的變換，但是人大多外表忠厚，但是內心卻深藏著其他情感。有的人表面謹慎內心放縱；有的人外表是長者而內心是小人；有的人表面圓滑而內心剛直；有的人表面堅定而內心散漫；有的人表面柔弱而內心兇悍。當他們追求正義的時候，猶如飢渴求食，當他們拋棄正義，就好像被燙到一樣立刻縮手。「凡人心險于山川，難于知天。天猶有春秋冬夏旦暮之期，人者厚貌深情。故有貌愿而益，有長若不肖，有慎狷而達，有堅而縵，有緩而悍。故其就義若渴者，其去義若熱。」<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他批評儒家「以仁義攖人之心」，這樣會導致「天下脊脊大亂」<sup id="cite_ref-#4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>」。而君主的專制統治和對知識的愛好，只會使人心更加敗壞，乃至孩子殺害父親，臣子殺害君王，白天搶劫、挖洞侵入他人屋宅而劫財「民之於利甚勤，子有殺父，臣有殺君，正晝為盜，日中穴阫。」<sup id="cite_ref-庚桑楚_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-庚桑楚-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>， </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B2%99%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA)" title="流沙河 (文人)">流沙河</a>認為，莊子的為人主要有四點，「一曰立場，站在環中。二曰方法，信奉無為。三曰理想，追慕澤雉。四曰修養，緊守心齋。」<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>所謂環中，就是不持有任何立場。《內篇·齊物論》中有「得其環中，以應無窮」，《雜篇·則陽》中有「得其環中以隨成」。無為在《莊子》中經常出現，莊子認為無論治國還是做人，都要無為。但無為頗難解釋，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B2%99%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA)" title="流沙河 (文人)">流沙河</a>認為是「偽」或是「人為」的意思。「澤雉十步一啄，百步一飲，不蘄畜乎樊中」<sup id="cite_ref-養生主_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-養生主-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是追求<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="自由">自由</a>。「若一志，無聽之以耳而聽之以心，無聽之以心而聽之以氣！聽止於耳，心止於符。氣也者，虛而待物者也。唯道集虛。虛者，心齋也。」<sup id="cite_ref-人間世_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人間世-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，所謂心齋就是要排除心中的種種雜念。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="體道"><span id=".E9.AB.94.E9.81.93"></span>體道</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：體道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>莊子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲學</a>思想可被歸納為以<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>為實體的<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義">唯心主義</a>（通說是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%82%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="主观唯心主义">主觀唯心主義</a>，有人說是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%82%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="客观唯心主义">客觀唯心主義</a>，還有爭論）、「萬物齊一」的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="本体论 (哲学)">本體論</a>。對於莊子，「夫道，有情有信，無為無形；可傳而不可授，可得而不可見；自本自根，未有天地，自古已固成」<sup id="cite_ref-大宗師_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大宗師-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，「道」雖無形，但獨立於萬物而存在；「天地與我並生，萬物與我為一」<sup id="cite_ref-齊物論_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-齊物論-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，「道」，其存在雖先於萬物，但其在萬物之中無所不在。這是一種認為宇宙萬物起源於「道」，並且萬物皆觀。 </p><p>在莊子哲学中，万物是一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="形而上">形而上</a>的存在的部分，他将该存在称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%BB" title="生主">生主</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-養生主_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-養生主-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这个存在“存在而无实体”，即“有情无形”。它是一切人类行为、情感的“真正主宰者”。因它驱使万物而不受万物驱使，故它是唯一超然于万物的。因为所有其他万物都处于驱使、受驱使的循环之中。唯独它不然。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>人类作为生主的一部分，将自己投入主观中，使自己无法与该形而上的存在一致。人类希求生主以外的事物，希望成为其他的事物。从而被外物所驱使，成为了受驱使的，从而破坏了生主的超然性<sup id="cite_ref-齊物論_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-齊物論-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。生主既与万物同时存在，庄子认为作为生主的一部分，人类应当从绝对的分别中抽离出来，并认识到一切的分别都是主观的、虚幻的，这样才可以脱离受外物驱使奴役的境地，保养生主。“道”是宇宙的本体，是一个无限的概念。由“道”而产生了天地万物，“道”本身是万物之源。 “夫道有情有信，无为无形，可传而不可受，可得而不可见，自本自根，未有天地，自古以固存，神鬼神帝，生天生地。”<sup id="cite_ref-大宗師_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大宗師-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人如果得 “道”，即获得了无限和自由。 </p><p>这种本于自然的人性论与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="伦理">伦理</a>观，为后世提供了另一种生存方式和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%82" class="mw-redirect" title="价值观">价值观</a>念的可能性。莊子的哲学提倡破除「肉身我」与「认知我」，追求超然物外的审美态度，于事于物不着痕迹。<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽">陰陽</a>本指事物兩種相互對立的方面，「一陰一陽之謂道」<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="莊子">莊子</a>將之定義為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="氣">氣</a>所包含的矛盾對立要素，「陰陽，氣之大者也」<sup id="cite_ref-則陽_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-則陽-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>庄子“道通为一”<sup id="cite_ref-齊物論_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-齊物論-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的思想和近代<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%97%A5%E8%BF%9B" title="德日进">德日進</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>思想在把<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>看成一个有机整体的这一点上是相同的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政治哲學"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>政治哲學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：政治哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eine-Seite-aus-dem-Zhuangzi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Eine-Seite-aus-dem-Zhuangzi.jpg/240px-Eine-Seite-aus-dem-Zhuangzi.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Eine-Seite-aus-dem-Zhuangzi.jpg/360px-Eine-Seite-aus-dem-Zhuangzi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Eine-Seite-aus-dem-Zhuangzi.jpg/480px-Eine-Seite-aus-dem-Zhuangzi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="1826" /></a><figcaption>四庫全書中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">莊子 (書)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>庄子和儒墨有一点很大的不同，<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="墨家">墨家</a>推崇<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="圣人">圣人</a>，而道家则反对推崇圣贤。<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>说：“不尚贤，使民不争。不贵难得之货，使民不为盗。”，“绝圣弃智，民利百倍；绝仁弃义，民复孝慈；绝巧弃利，盗贼无有。”<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>庄子说“圣人生而大盗起”<sup id="cite_ref-#5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。庄子认为圣人的主义学说不过是“窃国大盗”的工具罢了。其中的典型例子就是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E5%92%8C" title="田和">田成子</a>，篡奪了<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="齊國">齊國</a>的政權。“田成子一旦杀其君而盗其国，所盗者岂独其国邪？并与其圣知之法而盗之……窃齐国，并与其圣知之法一守其盗贼之身。”<sup id="cite_ref-#5_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>对于圣人，庄子借用<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9C%E8%B7%96" title="盜跖">盜跖</a>之口批评“<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D" title="黄帝">黄帝</a>尚不能全德……<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A7" title="尧">尧</a>不慈，<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9C" title="舜">舜</a>不孝，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%B9" title="禹">禹</a>偏枯，<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%B9%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="商湯">汤</a>放其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%A1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="夏桀">主</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">武王</a>伐<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="纣">纣</a>。”，说<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>是“<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BD" title="鲁国">鲁</a>之巧伪人”<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。庄子还说“凶德有五，中德为首”<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，所谓“中德”就是有心为德，有心为德就要虚伪，“日出多伪，士民安取不伪。”<sup id="cite_ref-則陽_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-則陽-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，会导致天下大乱。庄子还对圣人学说的积极性怀疑，认为圣人可以使一人变好，也使三人变坏。另外，庄子反对儒家的等级观念，庄子认为“道通为一”<sup id="cite_ref-齊物論_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-齊物論-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，认为道在万物，万物平等。 </p><p>对治国，庄子反对儒家的以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="礼法">礼法</a>治国和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家</a>的以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>治国。庄子认为<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E7%BE%A9" title="仁義">仁義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="礼法">礼法</a>违背<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7" title="人性">人性</a>，使百姓「失其樸」<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。对于刑罚治国，“昔者尧治天下，不赏而民劝，不罚而民畏。今子赏罚而民且不仁德自此衰，刑自此立，后世之乱自此始矣。”<sup id="cite_ref-#6_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#6-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。庄子反对儒家和法家的治国方法的核心，是以知治国。庄子认为知是“争之器”<sup id="cite_ref-人間世_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人間世-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而且知往往会被大盗所利用，所谓“盗亦有道”便是如此。对于以知治国，庄子说“大乱之本，必生于尧舜之间，其末存乎千世之后。千世之后，其必有人与人相食者也。”<sup id="cite_ref-庚桑楚_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-庚桑楚-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>所以，庄子与老子一样，主张<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BA_(%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6)" title="无为 (道家)">无为</a>治国，任其自然，认为“绝圣弃知而天下大治”<sup id="cite_ref-#4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>要“无容私”，“汝游心于淡，合气与漠，顺物自然而无容私焉，而天下治矣。”<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。庄子在《庄子》中描写过他心中的“至德之世”，“不尚贤，不使能，上如标枝，民如野鹿。端正而不知以为义，相爱而不知以为仁，实而不知以为忠，当而不知以为信，蠢动而相使，不以为赐。是故行而无迹，事而无传。”<sup id="cite_ref-#6_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#6-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文学贡献"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E8.B4.A1.E7.8C.AE"></span>文学贡献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：文学贡献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhuangzi-Butterfly-Dream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Zhuangzi-Butterfly-Dream.jpg/240px-Zhuangzi-Butterfly-Dream.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Zhuangzi-Butterfly-Dream.jpg/360px-Zhuangzi-Butterfly-Dream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Zhuangzi-Butterfly-Dream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>莊周梦蝶</figcaption></figure> <p>老子认为“道可道非常道”<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，庄子也认为道不可言。但道不可言，又不得不言，所以庄子采用的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80" title="寓言">寓言</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B5%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巵言（页面不存在）">巵言</a>的方法，“寓言十九，重言十七，巵言日出，和以天倪。”<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这种方式让莊子的思想像水一般，不会惧怕后人的肢解。同时让他的观点不会被历史湮没。不同的时期拜读，会得更新的意义。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%91%A8%E6%A2%A6%E8%9D%B6" title="庄周梦蝶">庄周梦蝶</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C%E5%BC%80%E7%AA%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混沌开窍（页面不存在）">混沌开窍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%96%E4%B8%81%E8%A7%A3%E7%89%9B" title="庖丁解牛">庖丁解牛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A0%E6%96%BD%E7%9B%B8%E6%A2%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惠施相梁（页面不存在）">惠施相梁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%B3%E8%9E%82%E6%8D%95%E8%9D%89" title="螳螂捕蝉">螳螂捕蝉</a>等都是其出色的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80" title="寓言">寓言</a>。莊子的文字，想像高妙，天馬行空，流暢通達，堪称<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中国文学史">中国文学史</a>上的一宛奇葩，将<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6" title="先秦">先秦</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87" title="散文">散文</a>推向了一个新的高峰。 </p><p>相对老子而言，莊子的思想倾向于对<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术">艺术</a>及自由的追求。从<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%91%A8%E6%A2%A6%E8%9D%B6" title="庄周梦蝶">庄周梦蝶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%A0%E6%A2%81%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%AF" title="濠梁之辯">濠梁之辯</a>（子非鱼安知鱼之乐）等事情可见。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="信仰形象"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E4.BB.B0.E5.BD.A2.E8.B1.A1"></span>信仰形象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：信仰形象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="來由"><span id=".E4.BE.86.E7.94.B1"></span>來由</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：來由"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%9D_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="天宝 (唐朝)">天寶</a>（742年—756年）初年，詔封莊周為南華真人，稱其著書《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">莊子</a>》為《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">南華經</a>》。不過，稱莊子為「南華」在<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>前就已如此。<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E7%8E%84%E8%8B%B1" title="成玄英">成玄英</a>《南華真經注疏序》中就稱莊子為「南華」，《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="隋書">隋書</a>·經籍志》記載梁曠著有《南華論》<sup id="cite_ref-南華_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-南華-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>約成於東晉末南朝初的《太極真人敷靈寶齋戒威儀諸經要訣》稱：「莊周者，太上南華仙人也，其前世學道時，願言：『我得道成仙，才智洞達，當出世化生人中，敷演《道德經五千文》，宣暢道意。』」，當時<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>流傳的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E7%B6%93" title="靈寶經">靈寶經</a>》中已稱莊子為南華仙人。 </p><p>至於為何用「南華」作為封號，歷來說法不一。一是認為傳說<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%91%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="莊周">莊周</a>曾隱居於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="曹州">曹州</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E7%8B%90%E5%8E%BF_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89)" title="离狐县 (西汉)">南華山</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>宣穎《南華經解》沿用，不過明代以前少有此說。若按《<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="真誥">真誥</a>》記載，莊子師「長桑公子」（又稱長桑真君，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E9%B5%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="扁鵲">扁鵲</a>之師）隱於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B6%E5%85%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="壶关县">抱犢山</a>，服北育火丹，白日升天，而非隱居在南華山<sup id="cite_ref-南華_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-南華-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一說，則來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>道士<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%99%AF%E5%85%83_(%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B)" title="陳景元 (北宋)">陳景元</a>。在《南華真經章句音義》中，陳景元主張「南華」是「義取<b>離明英華</b>，發揮道妙」之義。在《南華真經義海纂微》中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%9A%E4%BC%AF%E7%A7%80" title="褚伯秀">褚伯秀</a>認為，南華同南極、東華之類，均為上天職任仙真的封號，難以究其義理由來。<sup id="cite_ref-南華_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-南華-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>按道教《要修科儀戒律鈔》引用《上清洞真智慧觀身大戒文》稱「當念東遊青林東華，當念西遊安養西華，當念北遊碧羅北華，當念南遊太丹南華」，將「太丹南華」與「青林東華」、「安養西華」、「碧羅北華」並舉，太丹南華可能是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="天堂">天堂</a>南方的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%A2%83" class="mw-disambig" title="仙境">仙境</a>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="三国演义">三国演义</a>》第一回中，南华老仙赠书《太平要術》给<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="张角">张角</a>。書載：南華老仙，碧眼童顏，手執藜杖，以天書三卷授之曰：「此名太平要術。汝得之，當代天宣化，普救世人；若萌異心，必獲惡報。」<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%A7%92" title="張角">角</a>拜問姓名。老人曰：「吾乃南華老仙也。」言訖，化陣清風而去。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文學與歷史"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E8.88.87.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>文學與歷史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：文學與歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>據<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E" title="韩非">韓非</a>列傳》記载：「莊子者，蒙人也，名周」。有说莊子<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a>「子休」，見於成玄英《莊子注疏》的序文及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="小說">小說</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E4%B8%96%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%80" title="警世通言">警世通言</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但此說僅載於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="小說">小說</a>，不見於《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a>》，《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">莊子</a>》中也缺乏相關證據。 </p><p>雖然<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="小說">小說</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85" title="作者">作者</a>和道教徒取材於莊周隱居<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8F%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="南華山">南華山</a>的典故，但基本上，南華老仙的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="故事">故事</a>，仍屬<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85" title="作者">作者</a>構想、創作的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="角色">人物</a>和情節，不應將之誤解為史實，或歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史">歷史</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影視形象"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E8.A6.96.E5.BD.A2.E8.B1.A1"></span>影視形象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：影視形象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1913年香港首部無聲電影《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90%E8%A9%A6%E5%A6%BB_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="莊子試妻 (電影)">莊子試妻</a>》：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7" title="黎北海">黎北海</a> 飾</li></ul> <ul><li>2012年中国大陆电视剧《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A7%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%8B%E7%BA%B5%E6%A8%AA" title="大秦帝国之纵横">大秦帝国之纵横</a>》：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%86%9B" title="朱军">朱军</a> 饰</li></ul> <ul><li>2020年中国大陆电视纪录片《中国》第一季：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%BF%E4%B8%80%E6%AD%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耿一正（页面不存在）">耿一正</a> 饰</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">東漢時為避明帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="汉明帝">劉莊</a>諱，改莊为嚴</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-南華-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-南華_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-南華_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-南華_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-南華_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">熊湘. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_detail.aspx?id=48807396">莊子名「南華」考論</a>. 浙江樹人大學學報. 2014 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-11-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107065423/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_detail.aspx?id=48807396">存档</a>于2017-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&rft.atitle=%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90%E5%90%8D%E3%80%8C%E5%8D%97%E8%8F%AF%E3%80%8D%E8%80%83%E8%AB%96&rft.au=%E7%86%8A%E6%B9%98&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E6%A8%B9%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nssd.org%2Farticles%2Farticle_detail.aspx%3Fid%3D48807396&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《警世通言·庄子休鼓盆成大道》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張偉偉,王翔宇.“莊子故里之爭”研究現狀綜述[J].洛陽師范學院學報,2010,29(01):191-193.DOI:10.16594/j.cnki.41-1302/g4.2010.01.016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">易小斌.莊子生卒年代及其故里故國考辨[J].湘南學院學報,2021,42(03):55-59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="司马迁">司马迁</a>. <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="链接至维基文库" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7015" class="extiw" title="s:zh:史記/卷015">史记·六国年表</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（中文）</span>. <q>三十八。齐灭宋。</q></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%5B%5BFile%3AWikisource-logo.svg%7C12px%7Clink%3D%7Calt%3D%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%87%B3%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%7C%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%5D%5D%26nbsp%3B%5B%5Bs%3Azh%3A%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98%2F%E5%8D%B7015%7C-%7BR%7C%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0%C2%B7%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%7D-%5D%5D&rft.jtitle=%5B%5B%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%5D%5D&rft.aulast=%5B%5B%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5B%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81%5D%5D&rfr_id=info:sid/zh.wikipedia.org:%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-則陽-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-則陽_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-則陽_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-則陽_7-2"><sup><b>7.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="莊子">莊子</a>·則陽》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MurrayRothbard-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MurrayRothbard_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="穆瑞·罗斯巴德">Murray Rothbard</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/9_2/9_2_3.pdf">Concepts of the role of intellectuals in social change toward laissez faire</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060614112407/http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/9_2/9_2_3.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）[J].The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 1990, 9(2):45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《外篇·知北游》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-德充符-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-德充符_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-德充符_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-德充符_10-2"><sup><b>10.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-德充符_10-3"><sup><b>10.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《庄子•德充符》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-人間世-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-人間世_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-人間世_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-人間世_11-2"><sup><b>11.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-人間世_11-3"><sup><b>11.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《莊子•人間世》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《雜篇·列禦寇》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#4_13-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#4_13-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《外篇·在宥》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-庚桑楚-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-庚桑楚_14-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-庚桑楚_14-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="莊子">莊子</a>·庚桑楚》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">流沙河，《莊先生的故事》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-養生主-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-養生主_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-養生主_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《莊子·養生主》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-大宗師-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-大宗師_17-0"><sup><b>17.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大宗師_17-1"><sup><b>17.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《莊子·大宗師》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-齊物論-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-齊物論_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-齊物論_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-齊物論_18-2"><sup><b>18.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-齊物論_18-3"><sup><b>18.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《莊子·齊物論》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陆西星《南华副墨·虚字集》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="周易">周易</a>·繫辭傳》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《道德经》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#5-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#5_22-0"><sup><b>22.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#5_22-1"><sup><b>22.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《外篇·胠箧》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《杂篇·盗跖》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《杂篇·列御寇》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《外篇·天运》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#6-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#6_26-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#6_26-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《外篇·天地》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《内篇·应帝王》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《老子·第一章》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《杂篇·寓言》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E4%B8%96%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%80" title="警世通言">警世通言</a>·莊子休鼓盆成大道》：「楚威王聞莊生之賢，遣使持黃金百鎰，文錦千端，安車駟馬，聘為上相。莊生歎道：「犧牛身被文繡，口食芻菽，見耕牛力作辛苦，自誇其榮。及其迎入太廟，刀俎在前，欲為耕牛而不可得也！」遂卻之不受。挈妻歸宋，隱於曹州之南華山。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《曲海總目提要·蝴蝶夢》：「又按廣輿記山東兗州府流寓人物內。莊周蒙人。楚威王遣使聘以爲相。周嘆曰。子不見犧牛乎。衣以文繡。食以芻牧。及其入太廟。欲爲孤豚而不可得。遂隱曹州之南華山。因名其經曰南華。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《警世通言·莊子休鼓盆成大道》</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究書目"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>研究書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：研究書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>吳光明：《莊子》（臺北：東大圖書公司，1988）。</li> <li>黃華珍：《莊子音義研究》（北京：中華書局，1999）。</li> <li>Robert E. Allinson著，周熾成譯：《向往心靈轉化的莊子：內篇分析》（南京：江蘇人民人版社，2004）。</li> <li>池田知久著，王啟發等譯：《道家思想的新研究——以〈莊子〉為中心》（鄭州：中州古籍出版社，2009）。</li> <li>福永光司著，陳冠學譯：《莊子：古代中國的存在主義》（台北：三民書局，1969）。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另見"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A6.8B"></span>另見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：另見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史記</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi">莊子</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060914165237/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），斯坦福哲学百科全书条目</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/z/zhuangzi.htm">莊子</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="农家">农家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%A6" title="汉学">汉学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" title="黄老道">黄老道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="墨家">墨家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%98%8E%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="宋明理学">宋明理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%A6" title="玄学">玄学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="新儒家">新儒家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="新道家">新道家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B5%E6%A8%AA%E5%AE%B6" title="纵横家">纵横家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AE%B6" title="名家">名家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3%E5%AE%B6" title="阴阳家">阴阳家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9C%B1%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%B4" title="杨朱学说">楊朱學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" title="诸子百家">诸子百家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E6%B5%81" title="三教合流">三教合流</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cfce99;;width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国哲学家列表">哲学家</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%AD%A6" title="孙武">孙子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AD%90" title="墨子">墨子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9C%B1" title="杨朱">杨朱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">庄子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90" title="孟子">孟子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8A%E5%AD%90" title="告子">告子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E8%A1%8C" title="许行">许行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%99%E9%BE%99" title="公孙龙">公孙龙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B9%E8%A1%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="邹衍">邹衍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%AD%90" title="荀子">荀子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%AD%90" title="韩非子">韩非子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E9%9B%8D" title="邵雍">邵雍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9" title="朱熹">朱熹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E4%B9%9D%E6%B8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="陆九渊">陆九渊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%88%E4%BB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="王守仁">王守仁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%AE%97%E7%BE%B2" title="黄宗羲">黄宗羲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%AB%E4%B9%8B" title="王夫之">王夫之</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cfce99;;width:1%;text-align:left;">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7" title="德">德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法 (哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fa (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法 (哲学)（页面不存在）">法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Fa (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fa (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BC%E7%88%B1" title="兼爱">兼爱</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="敬 (哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jing (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%AC_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敬 (哲学)（页面不存在）">敬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jing_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Jing (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jing (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%9D%90_(%E5%86%A5%E6%83%B3)" title="靜坐 (冥想)">静坐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="礼 (哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Li (Confucianism)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BC_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="礼 (哲学)（页面不存在）">礼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_(Confucianism)" class="extiw" title="en:Li (Confucianism)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Li (Confucianism)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%86_(%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6)" title="天理 (儒家)">理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%91%BD" title="天命">天命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="氣 (中國)">气</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA" title="情绪">情</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81" title="仁">仁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="精神">神</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="思 (哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Si (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%9D_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="思 (哲学)（页面不存在）">思</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Si (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Si (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="体 (哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ti (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%93_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="体 (哲学)（页面不存在）">体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Ti (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ti (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" title="天">天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BA_(%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6)" title="无为 (道家)">无为</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D" title="孝">孝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="心 (哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Xin (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心 (哲学)（页面不存在）">心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xin_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Xin (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Xin (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然 (哲学)（页面不存在）">性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9" title="義">義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="体 (哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ti (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%93_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="体 (哲学)（页面不存在）">用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Ti (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ti (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%8D" title="正名">正名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" title="自然">自然</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cfce99;;width:1%;text-align:left;">思辨</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天人之辨（页面不存在）">天人之辨</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">天道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81" title="仁">人道</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A9%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="義利之辨（页面不存在）">義利之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A6%BD%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人禽之辨（页面不存在）">人禽之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%8F%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="夷夏之辨">夷夏之辨</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%A4%B7%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F" title="華夷秩序">華夷秩序</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E9%9C%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王霸之辨（页面不存在）">王霸之辨</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%81%93_(%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3)" class="mw-redirect" title="王道 (儒家思想)">王道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E9%81%93" title="霸道">霸道</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儒法之辨（页面不存在）">儒法之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%92%E5%A2%A8%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儒墨之辨（页面不存在）">儒墨之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AF%A6%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="名實之辨">名實之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%AB%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本末之辨（页面不存在）">本末之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E7%84%A1%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有無之辨（页面不存在）">有無之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8D%E6%80%A7%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="才性之辨（页面不存在）">才性之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%80%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="言意之辨（页面不存在）">言意之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古今之辨（页面不存在）">古今之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%96%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中外之辨（页面不存在）">中外之辨</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="国学">国学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="西学">西学</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="體用之辨（页面不存在）">體用之辨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E8%81%96%E5%A4%96%E7%8E%8B%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內聖外王之辨（页面不存在）">內聖外王之辨</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%96%E7%8E%8B" title="内圣外王">內聖外王</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cfce99;;width:1%;text-align:left;">主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a></li> <li><a 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47739#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/72809/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90112301">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000163078">智利</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1121768">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11887919x">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11887919x">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523851106706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metadata.ncl.edu.tw/blstkmc/blst2ndtp?PAGE=authorDetail&authCode=AC000520121">台湾</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118520768">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Zhuang zi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV092086">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259728505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14313847">比利时</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81055210">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjfhwn2rh1hcv">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000120916&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00624932">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700357&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36730195">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.nlc.cn/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=000163481">中国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record86972">希腊</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a 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href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/163750">梵蒂冈</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01916266?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/705170ce-d87e-43fc-98db-fd1328bd28c2">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.calis.edu.cn/aopac/ajsp/detail.jsp?actionfrom=1&actl=CAL++n2004447427">CALIS</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.dila.edu.tw/person/?fromInner=A002718">DILA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118520768.html?language=en">德意志传记</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.library.sh.cn/entity/person/683cm0yhyv7vv177.html">SHL</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/443649">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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J.-C.) 莊, 周 (0370-0300 av. 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