CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135066acb736d3b',cH: 'O8kOINKWHNB2RGgdsWHS6UDBBUfxY1LFh6KzeKeVjBE-1739787419-1.2.1.1-hZ5yzb6kgtvhI7rNomc.EW_GaF4Mm7wKjx._uR2XO5UB._BPukTe1ctEp_p1WCop',cUPMDTk: "\/11601\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=zYQNbFH0QhdaCK6JTMD0Amc2nNGCKZ_emfsgr0BoQY4-1739787419-1.0.1.1-XosthsonTnp.VYl_dq1kwkqnXD1R2PZ6DgxdpTCNkoE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787419',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/11601\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=zYQNbFH0QhdaCK6JTMD0Amc2nNGCKZ_emfsgr0BoQY4-1739787419-1.0.1.1-XosthsonTnp.VYl_dq1kwkqnXD1R2PZ6DgxdpTCNkoE",md: "BnedGX1uFTCZT6u1z9rzebJa_0RiZ99_dwnkuh7vP.Q-1739787419-1.2.1.1-y0x1z0NFfnJ9Ve5o6N6b8JUFG9M8yiDg4BECXDrqdG0YkJ8ABHIbmA3IiO9IXy3KsFy62slvLukt2ObOWrvjz482reKGMxG3TiEiTSOyiIqsk7oRGNxZ.w5rxqzjzQ_KMzBljENTdIkyfV5LeSvjjvMwbMcE6wTMSXS6XzDq4gzDR0KyXbD9v_yNoiuPCnuGGEW22UjiDK7xlF5HA6xhAwUMCYHtKX02s0xVreDzbZ7actru40.2MgrpO9Kxclo.BuVObHqrOn8ZEXGcYxIKTT1Kq1cQoMl6drVyEGy17KF3iL3axuH2f4AFWgIf7C0VZZAETeAmC7dSKVKMWMpf9dSy96jqFVXplqy2oqGk1cn8qtk1oxZ7Q8YSswjRcFeiVrZX2__Tqd8BX5K6S7j8n4akSVbJpIfBuj.wdHusqPCz.ITigwgeuqbbm_0tiH3jtkXFte45uGeA7pSQl4MSFerTGzwZVt8ewa39n.Vk9HFN1Yz7hhTAOepBualz_e__EAcPh7rA1PBgf9PZ2MIHGpMUF9zP_Vq0YksScKbqhYDUFeccB2Dp8vZlk6YSBNtJybSuAQ3ot9ccJ_5r_3wf1o6fxFfOiwSFwwQD3J6.KZ5ROOA2WvGSC84cgxf8bTCsiakdrso7SAXOwksDTOYDt1H9U7N7264mJKi.eIF6RXqyoodkS4lIk1VeyI4YvMWd6t5IJns35rxyv0W0ppYaVkcJFoud76GyZ_iT58iNp3gHtG8E5kYQ3ZJA80VisMYdUSZDGGVpSZ0W0LqHcxxreBY1Bg.pMSBo58jFELHpNHIckK2GnW8kdPlWL3xNShmB0scPTeGDLDzA8bvCENuEY949kf80zBTJdVcZZUBL1oIngIfpOEGsSZrmXJ0Q_z_Aq63P7.I_aqRHvAXe0N_.DlJW9NBXECSoTyTdetw45dmicP5oK6gwxHWK1OjHc.lqkMaY3mDOnzoB2qFGQi0qlc1u52oaoECAKq6Bg65FHBN5YXFlRMm4KHJXD4LeMuu76GSvJ0ZU780GB62xunWPyf_SbND61ynDK06hIZqMOBP5CsgqO.aGvtUpJnpKm0.77pGoyS7r7Rw3gwgQNNzj5r2fx9cMB.l0d90vbbLddUqFPNhLMui4WeR99lVT9jW0yG05CsQfEf5IxkY9vleGffb1qCMwa1sWDegb6MITBFstl64c9ZrhKv9vRSa75xZtZI5H7eukljAxv8ACuiLJdDPEjNYhgLms2NrKNxp.tvpaK0n1DNnC18ZvuQnrKlv65it4z0B6ZIyyEPm3KxcAAZ.AWJdfFaSrNDIGLMbWzH4Cwuu7n1.COEmFgH_DQ_JsIXuziHlxl4KtInAYBmAA.3C4vOoj3T9zUmWikOJcqN9oSAocl8at3zzVuyxQO7fxBRalwh1G7DOzH7L_pOMM.sZPs4uYOj.AuJaG8FI6ngzanW8gfPq0NSzzxfQdJ853MaNPmMYolLTsU6oq.03oauM1iveAT3gboPQzBKHIblE1ZgkoCQ5ByI46.noM8cLzjnRv6TG_gpw4g.Gy_3l_OJHK_Y8kkwtYLgt5FifQP7C8CQPA25AN.8ONqA9eK6oIvO8seKjjgi9Natfd4ng06tfbBD9MS0b9S1_ZRamNReiA8ocGW2TCv8jJAggHCg3vHnmX.viBg1_sMt53FUvfejEs_Mx9AE507fcvHyF1FbR_e5FipiEyAHyyk1W1xr3keIYov1mrMrCl2Wnfzv.t3wli4Zkxgc5dZjnqeNJcUtk2019TahQSMwLlFPUC_IADzzjxErD25atLLL1c4GlUZJo6AbgjsS9khrnNlLt_vQOcu57iRkmIg5OODth7M9e3IYgUo9Lhz4Zzd7GNKW0XRDbO1cjU2lZom9EufI0x2aA",mdrd: "tUIv5ydydPzTdUnt1yaS.9Fzk67KrFvds82N9j5foFw-1739787419-1.2.1.1-FnXciUm3sgQeD3U3jagG24XqHydoCn.GpPMsXYHibgvDN1JnDtAnVJ64Y54jHA7Ep03nPyxn7xMMsGYNXmNJp6YcsaGrZG2L9aa0S2pNONY1C2hrFbhUFv7MQ9WFNsNTNDjMxN5ityof5RIQXiqqYgNYeB.d_Qkwjz5dsDlky_YTO9WfvCeZNp5GiAt3hvUlEDpA.bW8f5C5KNk6guOzbsjHwijDo3diKx0dHq6VKdpTvU8IkA2E6GHOw9UsoKPyY26VpEBOA7uxa1.Po1rudft5PgNm4VhXi7jg_82HaURcjJa4OvB0xsVpt5YVYqYR56Hyygsu.9YzxTWv5QErZaGwttXdW48_BQu9evGqkGjaAcbUTTaJmqJZouDX1Kbh9U7eMsd2msLUX_r8zxWkX45ekKxDyZqODpCg75v.Q.SQHD1vIrix6WjVUfEmyWL_uftMCQcn8psufa3NjV83OAh5ERhSipTETdBkv6DAR.hxnWa6shhDtOs1nbyswUHYVhZpAIqbojt4Qq1Oj7x8A8z28C5szYQBFCh5iJZzk_GDtvv_7XjO.b7PnzR.XvH3RbvCRUCikp5OVGhdApY0wai.Hrsi6OMqTS6O_tRDdu9.VnVPyKK5qmIJOc_0nPPTlHLKc7vGmLB2ARqozM8bdJCSb__b9EeFX8BKo1lmQkriVPz9BLJ6AoJQRmbiwEcBzYhhNWdfB7aaJe0r9QUMDWflUymX.rRmwImlLQvJd5Pmj0NKw.0BvWjel1ulk82bR2Y97rtBKm1dVZm7bXzlEUici0y0SK0aqCKNFDb9BEDxNOEWq0v9DPV.47fGIS8bshn_Tara2UyP_N1OVoqWwEyfZwhSZeXnaYvJXPpWVZizArsTNT4AwkSTAjECBy6zefqNCuhjutVPXGxd2k3GszxryGupJ5NFop8wYcNXzhkhPfGAq9lSAhH3magG9x8BfylqUXvdd8QsWrNNmVVZJTo7OSLVyV6rmjdJd.xLRz0YtUy0NVv32Ys1KbOgcVf53rKquoDmtpW4adjU_ueTDhgXBHqeMeK_iIf0EgduywgwPvIKFsIEFdNeTPDjaO7TTKNGHk0C.DvNmOK_xSBZHI8pw0nzT_kNyHOeC9aXoBISPjlt1.2jN5pdNnd.R0fpPdlt79SwhyVYaWqnt.dKxRv_ZG9jAp3SIsjV24NscvJO8EBWBqvju7dXAmWBpbkCUb.Q7677f0wYaWnbGtiXXn7R6BtXQ9ACzKNMd6.E4biqWtyv6ptoodx0gdhc1P9DkHk.8cnsT5gjfZEQFpVebbo7MEKEQiTQieO.TTyQSMXN6iLN2JvJ1C_nYck3ca7q__6LY6kP4jBKhwDEEjANiCdw5FeA_W6m.leXQPw9cxV7TPdvVuM_cPaHRxBQRmCl6jLxOIZNWuZqNPTna3e67yTau9JptSrXHKlIiRUQcmIG6zQGJEAVwMSvNhucWJko3fU2oM.myjB5Fr6XYlAfQLphZlGLiE3cu_BPkMj0ulJ8a1uy3CYR7hT41qFj_.AUUCSq5OK.J4WSO6gv.310okUSKZLiuns.HdcISiXQ5DH9x5L9GhfXFQAXclI41dKu0Zv7II5kWaXzF8kR_tNJWsDq54pz0QI4mQU5Qvn8OWkGTUQ_qEgTp3tiqE6JlHPNchxPEHAyuvlWlfk.FWOjZYz5S4HgIU9bc_7K5jIwenRm7TcbkAsTmi961GFuPpBkToNJZdvwD3I2gwPRmZ.kMfhypn41PSKsjBGQxNU7m10OJrJyGfk5tuU4V1IMIySSWUy5owM7tnTipB0bwKr_WUo9daeg_d3IHvX5T9NRd1_wfbSagA6BJ4c_HPRUhPWRXerovlIkItP_yygLhVJmz2_5Fcu6P04nSsXA.b6sKR.bl1xlZA3rHdqVG_oQG7DU9CqA7SpBk1_7N2bSaTU5OUmnbpm8dgCR8BmDnQbCUZiZQV2r2sdaWmG5VVqQMcdZaQsLvGDr5.QV68YWGpmJUQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135066acb736d3b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/11601\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=zYQNbFH0QhdaCK6JTMD0Amc2nNGCKZ_emfsgr0BoQY4-1739787419-1.0.1.1-XosthsonTnp.VYl_dq1kwkqnXD1R2PZ6DgxdpTCNkoE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>