CINXE.COM
Search | Refworld
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><meta name="description" content="Refworld is the leading global law and policy database on refugee law, statelessness and internal displacement, providing access to content from UNHCR and external sources." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.refworld.org/search" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.refworld.org/search" /> <meta name="referrer" content="origin" /> <meta name="rights" content="漏2024 Refworld. All rights reserved." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Refworld" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.refworld.org/search" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Search | Refworld" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Refworld is the leading global law and policy database on refugee law, statelessness and internal displacement, providing access to content from UNHCR and external sources." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.refworld.org/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/share-image.png" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://www.refworld.org/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/share-image.png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Refworld is the leading global law and policy database on refugee law, statelessness and internal displacement, providing access to content from UNHCR and external sources." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Search | Refworld" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.refworld.org, https://www.refworld.org/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/share-image.png" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "WebSite", "name": "Refworld", "url": "https://www.refworld.org/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": { "@type": "EntryPoint", "urlTemplate": "https://www.refworld.org/search?keywords={search_term_string}" }, "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Refworld - UNHCR\u0027s Global Law and Policy Database", "url": "https://www.refworld.org/", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.refworld.org/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/logo.png" } } } ] }</script> <link href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/favicon.svg" rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" /> <link href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/favicon.png" rel="icon" type="image/png" /> <link href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/apple-touch-icon.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/touch-icon-iphone.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/touch-icon-ipad.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/touch-icon-iphone-retina.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/touch-icon-ipad-retina.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Search | Refworld</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_VP34SxrCPoeC9-iuM-5efX_zeiuGYqjJqVw8f58ULrY.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=unhcr_rw&include=eJx1jlEOhDAIRC9k7ZEaUKzdRTGAq95-NTab-LE_EN4AM3aY0xQRjJp1HjuNKOLmCkswP5is4syCwE_2wSV0wqI_wPgESO6kLLnMlYykYlx60hsk3f5YXsrTdWDI8Sotl_md4AV7XTUC7cZ4t-C0e3DJmSkgS_cOXFBBj-YUrtPY67oAt3Vs7rsES0kDndHAqU8mrPVj80uYEFSLxEFmh41MJvoC14N-kw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_s4CP9B75S5oiGpKZLIq-5z1MHx7elKo9siUueqdNwBY.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=unhcr_rw&include=eJx1jlEOhDAIRC9k7ZEaUKzdRTGAq95-NTab-LE_EN4AM3aY0xQRjJp1HjuNKOLmCkswP5is4syCwE_2wSV0wqI_wPgESO6kLLnMlYykYlx60hsk3f5YXsrTdWDI8Sotl_md4AV7XTUC7cZ4t-C0e3DJmSkgS_cOXFBBj-YUrtPY67oAt3Vs7rsES0kDndHAqU8mrPVj80uYEFSLxEFmh41MJvoC14N-kw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_BVw6hgwDb_CfswHWtqv1cZRQCv5ZnvW4mlXGHZNbLyM.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=unhcr_rw&include=eJx1jlEOhDAIRC9k7ZEaUKzdRTGAq95-NTab-LE_EN4AM3aY0xQRjJp1HjuNKOLmCkswP5is4syCwE_2wSV0wqI_wPgESO6kLLnMlYykYlx60hsk3f5YXsrTdWDI8Sotl_md4AV7XTUC7cZ4t-C0e3DJmSkgS_cOXFBBj-YUrtPY67oAt3Vs7rsES0kDndHAqU8mrPVj80uYEFSLxEFmh41MJvoC14N-kw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_unj3aGc8__3Y2ECdkJhqAi55bKrZUJ_IoiK1mj4qTMg.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=unhcr_rw&include=eJx1jlEOhDAIRC9k7ZEaUKzdRTGAq95-NTab-LE_EN4AM3aY0xQRjJp1HjuNKOLmCkswP5is4syCwE_2wSV0wqI_wPgESO6kLLnMlYykYlx60hsk3f5YXsrTdWDI8Sotl_md4AV7XTUC7cZ4t-C0e3DJmSkgS_cOXFBBj-YUrtPY67oAt3Vs7rsES0kDndHAqU8mrPVj80uYEFSLxEFmh41MJvoC14N-kw" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"search","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en","currentQuery":{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxlkF2ShCAMhC8EciQqYETWQKwQ1_H2izXMwzovKfprqvMTmLWpwO4DiGR2C1eFExsXNOFpJuIAZJtelGv69jvdmsGX3g83y7EDTUOahSC5u0y39PADL5OYE6HX7qRennr6_lRMQ5C4etizX3BGAcXZNyZxb8e0qykWF6ChOeoaxQVURSFOuQ6yCBQ8WbahVxRulHvcAC2XvTctWI9BfsNuIxNL-wAK_4CX85l7ozvCQ4x8VB30PeiY12q_kFVOfUkbiONmKQcBuf4AKYChnA","theme":"unhcr_rw","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_environment":false},"tagIds":["GTM-KZK9ZP"]},"gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"unhcr_publisher":"UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)","facets_vocabularies":{"collection":{"vocabulary_description":"Each document on Refworld is part of a \u0027collection\u0027. More information about the scope of the collections can be found in the navigation menu under \u0027collections\u0027. This filter is linked with the document type filter: e.g. when selecting \u0027case law collection\u0027, the document type filter will show you which document types are available under this collection.","terms":[]},"countries":{"vocabulary_description":"This filter allows you to narrow or widen your search based on a country. This list includes UN Member States, UNGA Non-Member States as Observers, non-Member States, non-self-governing territories and various (overseas) territories, regions, departments or municipalities that are part of a State or are associated with a State.\r\n","terms":[]},"document_source":{"vocabulary_description":"This filter allows you to narrow or widen your search based on the document source \/ publisher of the document. This filter is linked to the document source classification filter, which allows you to narrow down the list by selecting a category of document sources, e.g. \u0027judicial bodies\u0027. ","terms":{"Academic and Research Institutions (other)":{"term_description":"This document source is used for sporadic publications from academic or research institutions with which there is not necessarily a publishing contract in place but have consented to the publication of the document on Refworld."}}},"document_type":{"vocabulary_description":"This filter can be used to narrow or widen your search based on the type of document you are looking for. Note that each document has been tagged with 1 document type only. Note that some documents could fit under multiple document types, so sometimes you may need to check several possibilities. \r\nThis filter is also linked to the collection filter, which may help to narrow down the options available. ","terms":{"Legal and Protection Policy Research Series":{"term_description":"As the guardian of the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol, UNHCR has an interest in making its legal and protection policy research findings available to decision-makers, academics, lawyers, judges, NGOs and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe Department of International Protection, through its Protection Policy and Legal Advice Section, has started a series of legal research and protection policy papers. Comments are welcome \u2013 please email them to Protection Policy and Legal Advice (PPLA): HQPR02@unhcr.org.\r\n\r\nIf you have written a paper in the refugee law area in English and are interested in making it available on this website, please submit it via email for consideration to the Protection Policy and Legal Advice (PPLA: HQPR02@unhcr.org), together with a brief outline of your educational and professional experience."}}},"judicial_body":{"terms":[]},"region":{"terms":[]},"topic":{"vocabulary_description":"You have the option to browse documents by topics covering a specific subject area. These include aspects of international refugee law, international humanitarian and human rights law, specific groups, durable solutions, and domestic legal regimes.","terms":[]},"languages":{"vocabulary_description":"This filter allows you to search for documents in other languages, if available. The title and other data in the search results will show in English first. When you click on the link, you can select the language of the document in the language dropdown under \u0027document view\u0027. ","terms":[]},"legal_instruments":{"vocabulary_description":"When selecting a legal instrument from this filter, your search will be narrowed to those documents that refer (explicitly and extensively) to this particular instrument. ","terms":[]},"population_group":{"terms":[]},"religious_group":{"terms":[]},"persons_of_concern":{"vocabulary_description":"This filter allows you to narrow or widen your search based on the different groups under UNHCR\u0027s mandate.","terms":[]},"country_classifications":{"vocabulary_description":"Please note: this filter applies only to the document type \u0027case law\u0027 and is linked to the country filter. It allows you to search for case law based on the \u0027country of origin\u0027; the \u0027country of asylum\u0027, i.e. the country where the case is brought before a court or tribunal; and \u0027third country\u0027 in case you want to know more about for example transit countries that are relevant for the proceedings. ","terms":[]}},"document_source_categories":["United Nations","\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439","Naciones Unidas","Inter-Governmental Organizations","\u041c\u0435\u0436\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438","Organizaciones intergubernamentales","Non-Governmental Organizations","\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438","Organizaciones no gubernamentales","Judicial Bodies","\u0421\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b","\u00d3rganos judiciales","Regional Organizations","\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438","Organizaciones regionales","Governmental Organizations","\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438","Organizaciones gubernamentales","Academic and Research Institutions","\u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b","Instituciones acad\u00e9micas o de investigaci\u00f3n","Red de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Migraci\u00f3n","Other Document Source","Otras fuentes de documentos"],"facets_hierarchy_document_type":"{\u0022Annual \\\/ Sessional Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022Annual Protection Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022Comments on International \\\/ Regional Legislation\u0022:\u0022Comments on Legislation\u0022,\u0022Comments on National Legislation\u0022:\u0022Comments on Legislation\u0022,\u0022Conference Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022Confidential Comments\u0022:\u0022Submissions to Human Rights Mechanisms\u0022,\u0022Constituent Instruments\u0022:\u0022International \\\/ Regional Legal Instruments\u0022,\u0022Country Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022Decrees \\\/ Circulars \\\/ Regulations\u0022:\u0022National\\\/domestic legal instruments\u0022,\u0022Fact Finding Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022General Comments\\\/Recommendations\u0022:\u0022International \\\/ Regional Legal Instruments\u0022,\u0022IOM\\\/FOMs\u0022:\u0022Operational Policy and Guidance\u0022,\u0022Legal and Protection Policy Research Series\u0022:\u0022Research\u0022,\u0022Legislation\u0022:\u0022National\\\/domestic legal instruments\u0022,\u0022Memos\u0022:\u0022Operational Policy and Guidance\u0022,\u0022Mission Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022New Issues in Refugee Research Series\u0022:\u0022Research\u0022,\u0022Operational Guidance\u0022:\u0022Operational Policy and Guidance\u0022,\u0022Other Legal Instruments\u0022:\u0022International \\\/ Regional Legal Instruments\u0022,\u0022Presidential Statements\u0022:\u0022Speeches \\\/ Statements\u0022,\u0022Regional Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022Regulations \\\/ Directives \\\/ Decisions\u0022:\u0022International \\\/ Regional Legal Instruments\u0022,\u0022Resolutions \\\/ Recommendations \\\/ Declarations \\\/ Decisions\u0022:\u0022International \\\/ Regional Legal Instruments\u0022,\u0022Statements\u0022:\u0022Speeches \\\/ Statements\u0022,\u0022States Parties Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022Thematic Reports\u0022:\u0022Reports\u0022,\u0022Treaties \\\/ Agreements\u0022:\u0022International \\\/ Regional Legal Instruments\u0022,\u0022UPR Submissions\u0022:\u0022Submissions to Human Rights Mechanisms\u0022}","data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"0","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"0","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":null,"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"8dc57ff544b5b844f4d9d0473b88d0977ecc631cfc7148005160809d8c6ada94"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_7f17kAexe4BTXn90MtpZdSqYeZGuDI9EbHehHkPtnxA.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=unhcr_rw&include=eJxtjtEKwzAIRX8oaz5JbGrTbDYGY1g_f00ojI69COdcvdjyFtTPIlZNsTxq0FSsujZ8ZJmR7xL0_df7mvbCBDvl9t3sBBiCtGxuZYy-j4lTfgE-8XB0WAe_aCvI04UuisSzzM6DaPsdMf7yNKoqoYYNsCRYaSFFowWq8PnaSD7GPVwC"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?smh225"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?smh225"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_Pyb2iSgiIKvkPiq8hW8kOCG5S7Y_0vsbFHWR0N_G-70.js?scope=header&delta=3&language=en&theme=unhcr_rw&include=eJxtjtEKwzAIRX8oaz5JbGrTbDYGY1g_f00ojI69COdcvdjyFtTPIlZNsTxq0FSsujZ8ZJmR7xL0_df7mvbCBDvl9t3sBBiCtGxuZYy-j4lTfgE-8XB0WAe_aCvI04UuisSzzM6DaPsdMf7yNKoqoYYNsCRYaSFFowWq8PnaSD7GPVwC"></script> </head> <body class="layout-no-sidebars search-page path-search"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KZK9ZP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" sandbox ></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="navbar-light bg-white navbar-expand-xl px-0" id="navbar-main" id="navbar" role="banner"> <div class="d-xl-none header-top"> <div class="container"> <section class="region region-header-top"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-unhcr-rw-footer-menu" class="settings-tray-editable block block-menu navigation menu--footer" data-drupal-settingstray="editable" id="block-unhcr-rw-footer--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-unhcr-rw-footer-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul block="block-unhcr-rw-footer" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav grid-container row"> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link dropdown-toggle">column 1</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">Core Instruments</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--2" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/constinstr/unga/1950/en/72586" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72586">1950 UNHCR Statute</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1951/en/39821" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39821">1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1954/en/32744" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32744">1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1961/en/20424" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/20424">1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1967/en/41400" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41400">1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/oau/1969/en/13572" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13572">1969 OAU Refugee Convention</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/resolution/rri/1984/en/64184" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64184">1984 Cartagena Declaration</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/otherinstr/unchr/1998/en/31759" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31759">1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/au/2009/en/70509" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70509">2009 AU Kampala Convention on Internal Displacement</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/2018/en/124198" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/124198">2018 Global Compact on Refugees</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Regulations%20/%20Directives%20/%20Decisions" class=" "> EU Acquis </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded active dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link active dropdown-toggle">column 2</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--3" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded active dropdown"> <a href="" class="active dropdown-toggle">UNHCR Documents</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--4" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item active"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name[]=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name[]=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class=" active "> Comments on Legislation </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?ss_document_type_name[]=Conclusions%20on%20International%20Protection%20%28ExCom%29&sort=score&order=desc" class=" "> Conclusions on International Protection (ExCom) </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name[]=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Country/Situation%20Specific%20Policy%20%26%20Guidance" class=" "> Country Guidance </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name[]=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Court%20Interventions%20/%20Amicus%20Curiae" class=" "> Court Interventions </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2019/en/123881" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/123881">Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Refugee Status Determination</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2014/en/122573" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/122573">Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?ss_document_type_name[]=Notes%20on%20International%20Protection&sort=score&order=desc" class=" "> Notes on International Protection </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link dropdown-toggle">column 3</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--5" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">Country of Origin Information</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--6" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.ecoi.net/" target="_blank">Ecoi.net</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">Refworld Tools</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--7" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230517142442/https://www.refworld.org/" target="_blank">Legacy Refworld</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?ss_document_type_name[]=News%20%26%20Updates&sort=score&order=desc" class=" "> News & Updates </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/unhcr/unhcr-protection-manual" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Protection Manual</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/refworld-newsletter">Refworld Newsletter</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link dropdown-toggle">column 4</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--8" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">UNHCR Sites</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--9" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://acsg-portal.org/">Asylum Capacity Support Group</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/unhcr-data">Data Portal</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://globalcompactrefugees.org/">Global Compact</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://rimap.unhcr.org/idp-law-policy-dashboard">IDP Law and Policy Dashboard</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://rimap.unhcr.org/refugee-treaty-legislation-dashboard" target="_blank">Refugee Treaty & Legislation Dashboard (RTLD)</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/universal-periodic-review-dashboard" target="_blank">Universal Periodic Review Dashboard</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/">UNHCR.org</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="language-switcher-language-url settings-tray-editable block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface" id="block-languageswitcher-2" role="navigation" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div class="content"> <nav class="links nav links-inline"> <ul> <li><span class="d-none d-sm-block font-weight-bold">Change site:</span></li><li><span hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search" class="en nav-link is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name%5B0%5D=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name%5B0%5D=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name%5B1%5D=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">English</a></span></li><li><span hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search" class="es nav-link"><a href="/es/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name%5B0%5D=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name%5B0%5D=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name%5B1%5D=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">Espa帽ol</a></span></li><li><span hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search" class="ru nav-link"><a href="/ru/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name%5B0%5D=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name%5B0%5D=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name%5B1%5D=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class="language-link" hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">袪褍褋褋泻懈泄</a></span></li></ul> </nav> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-middle"> <div class="navbar-left"> <section class="region region-navigation"> <div id="block-homepageh1" class="visually-hidden settings-tray-editable block block-block-content block-block-content57443e91-f9bb-41b5-b8b3-f7c369fbde21" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h1>Refworld</h1> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="navbar-brand"> <img src="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/logo.svg" alt="Home" class="img-fluid d-none d-xl-block align-top logo"/> <img src="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/logos/mobile-logo.svg" alt="Home" class="img-fluid d-xl-none align-top mobile-logo"/> </a> </section> </div> <div class="navbar-right d-none d-xl-block"> <section class="region region-header-right"> <div class="language-switcher-language-url settings-tray-editable block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface" id="block-languageswitcher" role="navigation" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div class="content"> <nav class="links nav links-inline"> <ul> <li><span class="d-none d-sm-block font-weight-bold">Change site:</span></li><li><span hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search" class="en nav-link is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name%5B0%5D=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name%5B0%5D=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name%5B1%5D=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">English</a></span></li><li><span hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search" class="es nav-link"><a href="/es/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name%5B0%5D=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name%5B0%5D=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name%5B1%5D=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">Espa帽ol</a></span></li><li><span hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search" class="ru nav-link"><a href="/ru/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name%5B0%5D=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name%5B0%5D=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name%5B1%5D=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class="language-link" hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-query="{"order":"desc","sm_document_source_name":["UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)"],"sort":"score","ss_document_type_name":["Comments on International \/ Regional Legislation","Comments on National Legislation"]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">袪褍褋褋泻懈泄</a></span></li></ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="settings-tray-editable block block-menu navigation menu--account menu--header-links mt-0" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/user/login" class="btn btn-secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login<span class="caret-toggle" tabindex=0></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/user/register" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/register">SIGN UP</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> <button class="navbar-toggler d-flex d-xl-none flex-column align-items-center" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="bars"></span> <span class="bars-title">Menu</span> </button> </div> <div class="navbar-main-menu"> <div class="bg-edge2edge main-menu-region"> <div class="container"> <div id="navbar-collapse" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <button class="close-menu d-block d-xl-none" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"></button> <div class="navbar-nav"> <section class="region region-navigation-collapsible"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-unhcr-rw-main-menu-menu" class="settings-tray-editable block block-menu navigation menu--main" data-drupal-settingstray="editable" id="block-unhcr-rw-main-menu--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-unhcr-rw-main-menu-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul id="block-unhcr-rw-main-menu" block="block-unhcr-rw-main-menu" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav-link" tabindex="-1">About Refworld</span> <button class="caret-toggle-side d-flex d-xl-none" aria-label=Toggle></button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="0"> <button class="close-submenu d-flex d-xl-none"> <div class="back-menu">Back</div> </button> <button class="close-menu d-block d-xl-none" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label=Toggle navigation></button> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/about-refworld/history" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/147074">History</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/about-refworld/mission-scope" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/181">Mission & Scope</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/about-refworld/acknowledgements" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/182">Acknowledgements</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/about-refworld/contact-us" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/183">Contact us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav-link" tabindex="-1">Browse by</span> <button class="caret-toggle-side d-flex d-xl-none" aria-label=Toggle></button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="0"> <button class="close-submenu d-flex d-xl-none"> <div class="back-menu">Back</div> </button> <button class="close-menu d-block d-xl-none" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label=Toggle navigation></button> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/browse/country" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/107">Country</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/browse/document-source" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/162">Document Source</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/browse/documents-type" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/168">Document Type</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/browse/keywords" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105">Keyword</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/browse/thematic-areas" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Thematic Area</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav-link" tabindex="-1">Collections</span> <button class="caret-toggle-side d-flex d-xl-none" aria-label=Toggle></button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="0"> <button class="close-submenu d-flex d-xl-none"> <div class="back-menu">Back</div> </button> <button class="close-menu d-block d-xl-none" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label=Toggle navigation></button> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/collections/legal-instruments" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76">Legal Instruments</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/collections/case-law" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/185">Case law</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/collections/policy-and-guidance" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/186">Policy & Guidance</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/collections/research-and-reports" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/187">Research & Reports</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav-link" tabindex="-1">UNHCR</span> <button class="caret-toggle-side d-flex d-xl-none" aria-label=Toggle></button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="0"> <button class="close-submenu d-flex d-xl-none"> <div class="back-menu">Back</div> </button> <button class="close-menu d-block d-xl-none" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label=Toggle navigation></button> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/unhcr/mandate" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/188">Mandate</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/unhcr/unhcr-protection-manual" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Protection Manual</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="/unhcr/publications" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/147067">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> <div class="d-block d-xl-none navbar-right"> <section class="row region region-navigation-collapsible-right"> <div class="settings-tray-editable block block-menu navigation menu--account menu--header-links mt-0" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/user/login" class="btn btn-secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login<span class="caret-toggle" tabindex=0></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/user/register" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/register">SIGN UP</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="d-none d-print-block header-print page-header mt-4 mb-3"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <img class="logo pull-left d-none d-print-inline-block" src="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/logo-print.png" alt="Refworld"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sites-block-region d-none"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-sm-12"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <section class="main-content col col-sm-12" id="content" role="main"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div id="block-unhcr-rw-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <noscript> We鈥檙e sorry, some parts of the refworld.org website don鈥檛 work properly without JavaScript enabled. </noscript> <div id="fs-root" data-federated-search-app-config="{"proxyIsDisabled":false,"url":"https://www.refworld.org/search-api-federated-solr/search","userpass":"","hiddenSearchFields":["sm_site_name"],"showEmptySearchResults":1,"rows":10,"paginationButtons":5,"autocomplete":false}"> <p class="fs-element-invisible mt-5" aria-hidden="true"> We鈥檙e sorry, some parts of the refworld.org website don鈥檛 work properly without JavaScript enabled. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-searchtips" class="settings-tray-editable block block-block-content block-block-content1c3dc2ee-3339-472e-8ea6-3856a518b00f" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="modal fade" id="searchTips" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="searchTipsTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3 class="modal-title" id="searchTipsTitle">Search tips</h3> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">脳</span> </button> <div class="modal-description"> <p> If you are looking for a specific term or document, searching can help you find it quickly. When you search in Refworld, you enter one or more search terms about the item into the basic search box, and you receive search results that match those words. Searching also offers sophisticated options that allow you to narrow your search in a variety of ways, with the most powerful options reserved for the advanced search page. </p> <p> Be as specific as you can when searching for documents, use specific words instead of general ones. Enter words that you think will appear in the documents you want. Refworld indexes all of the words in every document. </p> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="section"> <div class="section-content"> <p> Refworld's powerful search capabilities will often give you what you're looking for straight away. However, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the options that follow: </p> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <h5 class="section-title">Standard search</h5> <span class="section-label">international protection</span> </div> <div class="section-content"> <p> Will return documents containing both the words international and protection (not necessarily together). </p> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <h5 class="section-title">Assisted search</h5> <span class="section-label">bidoon citizenship</span> </div> <div class="section-content"> <ul> <li> By default Refworld uses assisted search to match spelling and other variations. Thus you do not need to know all a word's spellings in order to get maximum relevant results. In the example, as well as bidoon, results with bedoon, bidun, bedoun etc. will also be returned. </li> <li> This is particularly useful when there are related names that are completely different. For instance, the Choc贸 people of Colombia are also known as Embera and Wounan. Assisted search means that a search for choc贸 will also include results with embera and wounan (and vice-versa). </li> <li> To override this feature use ~ in front of keywords. In the example, ~bidoon will not include results with bedoon, bidun, bedoun etc. </li> <li> Assisted search also encompasses UK/US spelling variations (e.g. honour/honor), apostrophes (e.g. sharia/shar'ia) and many common hyphenations (e.g. subclan/sub-clan). </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <h5 class="section-title">Exact word or phrase search</h5> <span class="section-label">"complementary protection"</span> </div> <div class="section-content"> <p>Use quotes to search for an exact word or phrase.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <h5 class="section-title">Wildcard search</h5> <span class="section-label">kar*jong spokes*</span> </div> <div class="section-content"> <p>Use an asterisk * within or after a query term to search for spelling variations or word forms. Note: there must be a minimum of two starting characters before the asterisk.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <h5 class="section-title">Exclude a word</h5> <span class="section-label">herat -taliban</span> </div> <div class="section-content"> <p>A dash before any query term will exclude that term from search results. In this example search will match herat and exclude results with taliban. To exclude multiple words, use brackets and separate terms with commas, e.g. -(taliban,isaf).</p> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <h5 class="section-title">Search for either word</h5> <span class="section-label">(fergana,ferghana)</span> </div> <div class="section-content"> <p>To search for documents where one word or another is present, enter keywords in parentheses separated by commas. In this example search will match either fergana or ferghana.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="section-header"> <h5 class="section-title">Proximity search</h5> <span class="section-label">"case law"~2</span> </div> <div class="section-content"> <p>To perform a proximity search, add the tilde character ~ and a numeric value to the end of a search phrase. For example, to search for a "case" and "law" within 2 words of each other in a document, search for: "case law"~2</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrapper bg-secondary"> <footer class="container" role="contentinfo" aria-label="info"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-wrapper col-12"> <section class="row region region-footer"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-2-menu" id="block-footer-2" class="settings-tray-editable block col-12 block-menu navigation menu--footer" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-footer-2-menu">Footer</h2> <ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav grid-container row"> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link dropdown-toggle">column 1</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--10" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">Core Instruments</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--11" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/constinstr/unga/1950/en/72586" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72586">1950 UNHCR Statute</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1951/en/39821" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39821">1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1954/en/32744" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32744">1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1961/en/20424" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/20424">1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/1967/en/41400" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41400">1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/oau/1969/en/13572" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13572">1969 OAU Refugee Convention</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/resolution/rri/1984/en/64184" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64184">1984 Cartagena Declaration</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/otherinstr/unchr/1998/en/31759" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31759">1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/au/2009/en/70509" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70509">2009 AU Kampala Convention on Internal Displacement</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/legal/agreements/unga/2018/en/124198" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/124198">2018 Global Compact on Refugees</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Regulations%20/%20Directives%20/%20Decisions" class=" "> EU Acquis </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded active dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link active dropdown-toggle">column 2</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--12" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded active dropdown"> <a href="" class="active dropdown-toggle">UNHCR Documents</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--13" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item active"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name[]=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Comments%20on%20International%20/%20Regional%20Legislation&ss_document_type_name[]=Comments%20on%20National%20Legislation" class=" active "> Comments on Legislation </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?ss_document_type_name[]=Conclusions%20on%20International%20Protection%20%28ExCom%29&sort=score&order=desc" class=" "> Conclusions on International Protection (ExCom) </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name[]=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Country/Situation%20Specific%20Policy%20%26%20Guidance" class=" "> Country Guidance </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?order=desc&sm_document_source_name[]=UN%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20%28UNHCR%29&sort=score&ss_document_type_name[]=Court%20Interventions%20/%20Amicus%20Curiae" class=" "> Court Interventions </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2019/en/123881" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/123881">Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Refugee Status Determination</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2014/en/122573" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/122573">Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?ss_document_type_name[]=Notes%20on%20International%20Protection&sort=score&order=desc" class=" "> Notes on International Protection </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link dropdown-toggle">column 3</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--14" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">Country of Origin Information</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--15" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.ecoi.net/" target="_blank">Ecoi.net</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">Refworld Tools</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--16" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230517142442/https://www.refworld.org/" target="_blank">Legacy Refworld</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/search?ss_document_type_name[]=News%20%26%20Updates&sort=score&order=desc" class=" "> News & Updates </a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/unhcr/unhcr-protection-manual" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Protection Manual</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/refworld-newsletter">Refworld Newsletter</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item grid-item col-lg-3 col-12 menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="separator nav-link dropdown-toggle">column 4</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--17" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle">UNHCR Sites</a> <i class="link-description"></i> <a id="arrow--18" class="toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu menu position-relative"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://acsg-portal.org/">Asylum Capacity Support Group</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/what-we-do/reports-and-publications/unhcr-data">Data Portal</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://globalcompactrefugees.org/">Global Compact</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://rimap.unhcr.org/idp-law-policy-dashboard">IDP Law and Policy Dashboard</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://rimap.unhcr.org/refugee-treaty-legislation-dashboard" target="_blank">Refugee Treaty & Legislation Dashboard (RTLD)</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/universal-periodic-review-dashboard" target="_blank">Universal Periodic Review Dashboard</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/">UNHCR.org</a> <i class="link-description"></i> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row footer-bottom"> <div class="footer-left-wrapper col-lg-4 col-12"> <section class="row region region-footer-left-bottom"> <div id="block-unhcrlogo" class="unhcr-logo settings-tray-editable block block-block-content block-block-content9d9ea8a1-3df3-4144-831b-8eac1d59d2c2" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/"> <img alt="UNHCR Logo" src="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/logos/white-logo.svg" class="img-fluid d-none d-xl-block align-top logo"> <img alt="UNHCR Logo" src="/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/images/logos/mobile-white-logo.svg" class="img-fluid d-xl-none align-top mobile-logo"> </a></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="footer-right-wrapper col-lg-8 col-md-12"> <section class="row region region-footer-right-bottom"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footerbottom-menu--2" class="settings-tray-editable block block-menu navigation menu--footer-bottom" data-drupal-settingstray="editable" id="block-footerbottom--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-footerbottom-menu--2">Footer bottom</h2> <ul class="clearfix nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/form/contact" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/contact">Contact</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/help-centre" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/82">Help</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/privacy" class="nav-link">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/disclaimer" class="nav-link">Terms of Use</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="block-copyright" class="copyright settings-tray-editable block block-block-content block-block-contentb858d97d-eaa5-4cfe-af6f-b92c21bbca95" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="copy-right"> 漏 UNHCR 2001-2024 </div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_5NfD4_01tDV1qaTDfsx7IVASLJLYSbm93FgFOxw2szE.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=unhcr_rw&include=eJxtjtEKwzAIRX8oaz5JbGrTbDYGY1g_f00ojI69COdcvdjyFtTPIlZNsTxq0FSsujZ8ZJmR7xL0_df7mvbCBDvl9t3sBBiCtGxuZYy-j4lTfgE-8XB0WAe_aCvI04UuisSzzM6DaPsdMf7yNKoqoYYNsCRYaSFFowWq8PnaSD7GPVwC"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/unhcr_search/react/main/js/runtime-main.9cb93041.js?v=3.x"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/unhcr_search/react/main/js/2.56f9b426.chunk.js?v=3.x"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/unhcr_search/react/main/js/main.dbbd97c0.chunk.js?v=3.x"></script> </body> </html>