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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relations_entre_la_Chine_et_l%27%C3%89thiopie" title="Relations entre la Chine et l'Éthiopie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Relations entre la Chine et l'Éthiopie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangantakar_Sin_da_Habasha" title="Dangantakar Sin da Habasha – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dangantakar Sin da Habasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubungan_Etiopia_dengan_Tiongkok" title="Hubungan Etiopia dengan Tiongkok – 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Sino-Ethiopian relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopia_People%27s_Republic_of_China_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Ethiopia and People's Republic of China"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Ethiopia and People's Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ethiopia_People%27s_Republic_of_China_Locator.png/250px-Ethiopia_People%27s_Republic_of_China_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ethiopia_People%27s_Republic_of_China_Locator.png/375px-Ethiopia_People%27s_Republic_of_China_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ethiopia_People%27s_Republic_of_China_Locator.png/500px-Ethiopia_People%27s_Republic_of_China_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="433" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>People's Republic of China–Ethiopia relations</b> were established in 1970. <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China's bilateral relationship with Ethiopia is one of its most prioritized in Africa and China believes Ethiopia is particularly significant in peace and security within east Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 109">: 109 </span></sup> Relations are longstanding, with Chinese direct investment (FDI) in Ethiopia reaching US$4 billion and <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_trade" title="Bilateral trade">bilateral trade</a> growing to $5.4 billion by 2016-2018.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not precisely known when China and Ethiopia first made direct contact. The sinologist A. Hermann believed that a live rhinoceros that arrived at the court of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ping_of_Han" title="Emperor Ping of Han">Emperor Ping</a> from the country of the "Agazi" or "Agazin" between AD 1 and 6 came from the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>. Ethiopian expert <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Pankhurst (academic)">Richard Pankhurst</a> is certain that by the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) "the Chinese were certainly acquainted with the Horn of Africa." From that period onwards, China traded with not only Ethiopia and the Horn, but with the peoples of the Eastern African coast, obtaining elephants' tusks, rhinoceros horns, pearls, the musk of the <a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">civet cat</a>, ambergis, and slaves. Starting in the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> the Chinese began to increasingly trade directly with Africans, which is attested not only in contemporary documents, but from archeological finds of Chinese coins and porcelain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this early commercial contact, neither side showed much interest in diplomatic activity with one another until the twentieth century. China was one of only five governments which refused to recognize <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Italy's conquest of Ethiopia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations were poor during the <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> era, when Ethiopia was allied with the western powers in the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Chinese support for the <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Eritrean People's Liberation Front">Eritrean People's Liberation Front</a> contributed to tension between the countries from 1967. </p><p>The two countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1970<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 347">: 347 </span></sup> when the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong agreed to recognize Eritrea as Ethiopian, in exchange for Haile Selassie's recognition of Taiwan (controlled by the Republic of China) as Chinese, although Ethiopia was among the signatories of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a> in 1951, in which the <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a> remains undetermined after 1952. In 1971 Ethiopia voted in favour to change the representation of a China by admitting the Beijing government expelling the unlawful representatives based in Taipei. Relations improved for a short period after the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian revolution</a> of 1974, but became strained as the Ethiopian military junta developed increasingly close ties with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Democratic_Front" title="Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front">Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front</a> took power in 1991, relations have steadily improved, with increasing diplomatic contacts and growing trade and Chinese investment in the Ethiopian economy.<sup id="cite_ref-gamora_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamora-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a part of China's diplomacy, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) conducted significant party-to-party relations with the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 111">: 111 </span></sup> The EPRDF's disintegration in 2019 disrupted China's knowledge and understanding of the domestic situation in Ethiopia.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 111">: 111 </span></sup> Although the CCP has also conducted party-to-party relations with the <a href="/wiki/Prosperity_Party" title="Prosperity Party">Prosperity Party</a>, as of 2023 it has yet to reach the same level of relations it had with the EPRDF and the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Tigray People's Liberation Front">Tigray People's Liberation Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 112">: 112 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_contacts_and_treaties">Official contacts and treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Official contacts and treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1964-04_1964%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1964-04_1964%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96.jpg/220px-1964-04_1964%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1964-04_1964%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96.jpg/330px-1964-04_1964%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1964-04_1964%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96.jpg/440px-1964-04_1964%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> in 1964</figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese premier <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> visited Ethiopia in January 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-gamora_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamora-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie visited <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in October 1971, where he was received by <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qian_Qichen" title="Qian Qichen">Qian Qichen</a>, China's vice-premier and minister of foreign affairs, visited Ethiopia in July 1989, January 1991 and January 1994. Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> visited in May 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-chinaorg_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinaorg-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2001, the Ethiopian deputy foreign minister visited Beijing, where he expressed support for the "<a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a>" policy in the dispute with <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2003, Chinese premier <a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a> visited Ethiopia to attend the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Forum_on_China%E2%80%93Africa_Cooperation" title="Forum on China–Africa Cooperation">Forum on China–Africa Cooperation</a>. In December 2004, the heads of the Ethiopian and Chinese legislatures met in Beijing and in a joint statement said that the two counties wish to expand all aspects of cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2007, China's Assistant Minister of Commerce Wang Chao visited <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> and signed a debt relief agreement worth US$18.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2008, the Chinese minister of construction met his counterpart in Addis Ababa, and reemphasized the commitment of the two governments to cooperation. The Ethiopian minister welcomed the involvement of Chinese construction companies in improving Ethiopian infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> visited Ethiopia where he met senior Ethiopian officials and political leaders including President <a href="/wiki/Girma_Wolde-Giorgis" title="Girma Wolde-Giorgis">Girma Wolde-Giorgis</a> and discussed ways to strengthen economic cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agreements between the two countries include Agreement for Economic and Technological Cooperation (1971, 1988 and 2002); Trade Agreement (1971, 1976); Trade Protocol (1984,1986,1988); Agreement for Trade, Economic and Technological Cooperation (1996) and Agreement for Mutual Promotion and Protection of Investment (1988).<sup id="cite_ref-chinaorg_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinaorg-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2009 the two countries signed an agreement to eliminate double taxation, expected to boost trade and investment.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ethiopia and China signed a military cooperation agreement in 2005 which covers military training, technology exchange, and joint peacekeeping missions.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 239">: 239 </span></sup> As part this military cooperation agreement, Ethiopian field-grade officers routinely receive training in China.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 239">: 239 </span></sup> </p><p>China has an <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> treaty with Ethiopia.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 188">: 188 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_relations">Economic relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economic relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ethiopian_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG/220px-Ethiopian_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ethiopian_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG/330px-Ethiopian_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ethiopian_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG/440px-Ethiopian_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Ethiopian Embassy in Beijing</figcaption></figure> <p>The economic relationship is multi-faceted. Between 2000 and 2014, China provided over $12 billion in loan finance (usually tied to infrastructure projects undertaken by Chinese firms).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There is growing Chinese investment in the Ethiopian economy, while imports of cheap consumer goods from China ($3.4 billion in 2015) greatly exceeding exports from Ethiopia to China ($380 million in 2015).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Chinese appear to be interested in Ethiopia for political reasons (among African countries, its governance and developmental orientation is closest to that of China, and it hosts the African Union headquarters), and as a business partner. Ethiopia's focus on infrastructure has created numerous opportunities for Chinese construction firms. Ethiopia is also a significant market for Chinese exports that will expand as Ethiopia's rapid economic growth continues. For Ethiopia, Chinese finance provides critical support for the government's legitimacy, as electricity, transport, and employment opportunities continue to expand, stimulating economic growth and helping promote exports to other countries. China's "business is business" approach is welcome by comparison to western aid providers who often link their contributions to changes in the Ethiopian legal and political structure.<sup id="cite_ref-gamora_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamora-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_aid">Direct aid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Direct aid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinese aid to Ethiopia has included dispatch of medical teams and teachers, and educational scholarships for Ethiopian students studying in China.<sup id="cite_ref-chinaorg_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinaorg-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Ethiopian President <a href="/wiki/Mulatu_Teshome" title="Mulatu Teshome">Mulatu Teshome</a> was educated in China.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China's aid program funded the construction of a vocational school in Ethiopia. Although the plan was to use Chinese vocational instructions, the school eventually switched to German instructors, with students learning skills including engineering, automobile, architecture and construction.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2009, the Chinese ambassador assisted in laying the foundation stone for the Tirunesh Dibaba Beijing Hospital, planned as a modern hospital 6000 square meters in size with 100 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese government is funding construction and will provide medical instruments and equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital is named after Ethiopian runner <a href="/wiki/Tirunesh_Dibaba" title="Tirunesh Dibaba">Tirunesh Dibaba</a>, who won two gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Beijing_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Beijing Olympics">2008 Beijing Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital was completed in November 2011 and handed over to the Ethiopian government. Fifteen Chinese medical personnel were sent to help their Ethiopian counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure_Loans">Infrastructure Loans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Infrastructure Loans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinese government has also provided significant loans to Ethiopia, most of which are <a href="/wiki/Loan#Concessional" title="Loan">concessional</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 229">: 229 </span></sup> These are nearly all tied to construction projects to be undertaken by Chinese enterprises such as the Addis Ababa ring road opened in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Chinese-built projects are financed by the Ethiopian government. In 2002, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Sino_Hydro_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino Hydro Corporation">Sino Hydro Corporation</a> started work on the estimated US$224 million Tekeze hydroelectric project with a 607-foot dam on the <a href="/wiki/Tekez%C3%A9_River" title="Tekezé River">Tekezé River</a> due for completion in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After delays due in part to problems with massive landslides, the project was completed for a final cost of US$365 million in July 2009 and should deliver 300 megawatts of power.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2009, Ethiopia signed further agreements with China for the Sino Hydro Corporation to build 2,150 megawatts of hydro-electric capacity with the Gibe IV (<a href="/wiki/Omo_River_(Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Omo River (Ethiopia)">Omo River</a>) and Halele Werabesa dams, in a deal worth US$2.67 billion. China will cover 85% of the project costs through preferential buyer's credit and concessionary loans.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The environmentalist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Leakey" title="Richard Leakey">Richard Leakey</a> has expressed concerns about the possible impact of the Omo river dams on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Turkana" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Export-Import Bank of China funded a railway from Addis Ababa to landlocked Ethiopia's main port in neighboring Djibouti, completed in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investment_and_trade">Investment and trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Investment and trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/240px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/360px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg/480px-Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ethiopia is a particularly emphasized place where Chinese companies should "<a href="/wiki/Go_Out_policy" title="Go Out policy">go out</a>" to, with Chinese top leadership describing Ethiopia as a "bridge" between the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> and Africa's development, as well as "a pilot country for <a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93China_economic_relations" title="Africa–China economic relations">China-Africa</a> production capacity cooperation."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 222–223">: 222–223 </span></sup> Chinese firms investing in Ethiopia are generally <a href="/wiki/Greenfield_project#Greenfield_investment" title="Greenfield project">greenfield investors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 233">: 233 </span></sup> </p><p>By 2009, direct Chinese investment in Ethiopia had reached US$900 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ethiopol_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethiopol-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Exports from Ethiopia to China have grown from negligible levels before 2000 to around US$130 million in 2006, primarily in raw materials such as sesame seeds and partially finished leather. Meanwhile, exports from China to Ethiopia have grown from under US$50 million in 1996 to US$430 million in 2006, including low-priced clothing, machinery and electronics equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-gamora_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamora-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ethiopian government has encouraged imports, purchasing Chinese equipment and supplying it to local construction and manufacturing firms on a lease-to-buy basis.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade continues to grow rapidly. By 2015 bilateral trade had grown to $3.8 billion, with Ethiopian exports encouraged through special quota and tariff arrangements on many goods.<sup id="cite_ref-ethiopol_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethiopol-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a paper prepared for the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, economist Tegegne Gebre Egziabher of Addis Ababa University notes that in the short term, cheap Chinese imports may have damaged local producers. However, the longer term benefit may be to stimulate improvements in efficiency and quality. Chinese investment in local infrastructure may assist towards this outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sinopec" title="Sinopec">Sinopec</a> is a part owner of the joint venture POLY-GCL Petroleum, which as of 2023 is developing a $4 billion natural gas project in Ethiopia and which will include a pipeline to the Djiboutian coast and an export terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 165">: 165 </span></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/David_H._Shinn" title="David H. Shinn">David H. Shinn</a> and academic Joshua Eisenman, the project underscore China's commitment to expanding its import of liquified natural gas from African countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 165">: 165 </span></sup> </p><p>Currency swap 2024 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_cooperation">Space cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Space cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The China Academy of Space Technology and Ethiopian engineers partnered to develop a remote-sensing microsatellite for Ethiopia, which China launched from the <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center">Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 304">: 304 </span></sup> China provided a grant covering 75% of the project, financing training for Ethiopian engineers and the microsatellite itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 304">: 304 </span></sup> Ethiopia funded the construction of ground station facilities for the project.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 304">: 304 </span></sup> Ethiopia uses the satellite for environmental protection, weather forecasting, crop monitoring, natural resources applications, and earth observatory tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 304">: 304 </span></sup> </p><p>China launched a second satellite for Ethiopia in 2020, this one a <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> satellite for natural disaster monitoring.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 304">: 304 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Abole_incident">The Abole incident</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Abole incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Abole_oil_field_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abole oil field raid">Abole oil field raid</a></div> <p>In April 2007 fighters from the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_National_Liberation_Front" title="Ogaden National Liberation Front">Ogaden National Liberation Front</a>, a group of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a> seeking independence from Ethiopia attacked workers at an exploratory oilfield in <a href="/wiki/Abole" title="Abole">Abole</a>, a small town about 120 km south of <a href="/wiki/Jijiga" title="Jijiga">Jijiga</a> in eastern Ethiopia. They killed about 65 Ethiopian and nine Chinese workers, and kidnapped another seven Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oilfield is run by a subsidiary of the government-owned <a href="/wiki/China_Petroleum_and_Chemical_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation">China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation</a> (Sinopec). A Sinopec spokesperson said that the incident would not discourage the firm from further exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese Foreign Ministry avoided discussing the attackers' motives beyond stating that they were attempting to sabotage China's relationship with Ethiopia.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Chinese team was dispatched to investigate what had happened and look into ways of improving safety in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China">Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Foreign relations of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-African_relations" title="Sino-African relations">Sino-African relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ethiopia" title="Chinese people in Ethiopia">Chinese people in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AU_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="AU Conference Center and Office Complex">AU Conference Center and Office Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa%E2%80%93Djibouti_Railway" title="Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway">Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Light_Rail" title="Addis Ababa Light Rail">Addis Ababa Light Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa%E2%80%93Adama_Expressway" title="Addis Ababa–Adama Expressway">Addis Ababa–Adama Expressway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090601182926/http://www.ethiopiaemb.org.cn/index.pl">"Embassy of Ethiopia in P.R.China"</a>. Embassy of Ethiopia in P.R.China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethiopiaemb.org.cn/index.pl">the original</a> on 2009-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+Ethiopia+in+P.R.China&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Ethiopia+in+P.R.China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethiopiaemb.org.cn%2Findex.pl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://et.china-embassy.org/eng/">"Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Ethiopia"</a>. People's Republic of China<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+in+Ethiopia&rft.pub=People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fet.china-embassy.org%2Feng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShinnEisenman2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Shinn" title="David H. Shinn">Shinn, David H.</a>; Eisenman, Joshua (2023). <i>China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21001-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21001-0"><bdi>978-0-231-21001-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Relations+with+Africa%3A+a+New+Era+of+Strategic+Engagement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-231-21001-0&rft.aulast=Shinn&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Eisenman%2C+Joshua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.focac.org/eng/zfgx_4/jmhz/t1591162.htm">Ethiopia licenses 1,294 Chinese investment projects in 2017/18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831160116/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-08/31/c_137434265.htm">Ethiopia licenses 1,294 Chinese investment projects in 2017/18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220912192104/https://www.ena.et/en/2018/08/31/chinese-fdi-in-ethiopia-reached-4-billion-usd/">"Chinese FDI in Ethiopia Reached 4 billion USD"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ena.et/en/2018/08/31/chinese-fdi-in-ethiopia-reached-4-billion-usd/">the original</a> on 2022-09-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+FDI+in+Ethiopia+Reached+4+billion+USD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ena.et%2Fen%2F2018%2F08%2F31%2Fchinese-fdi-in-ethiopia-reached-4-billion-usd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/chinese-projects-in-ethiopia-worth-over-4bln-official/">Chinese projects in Ethiopia worth over $4bln</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pankhurst discusses this in much more extensive detail in his book, <i>An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia</i> (London: Lalibela House, 1961), "Chapter 30: Chinese Trade"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haile Selassie I, <i>My Life and Ethiopia's Progress, Haile Sellassie I, King of Kings of Ethiopia: Addis Abeba, 1966 E.C.</i> translated by Ezekiel Gebissa, et alia, (Chicago: Frontline Books, 1999), vol. 2 pp. 22f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamora-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamora_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamora_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamora_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamora_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093032/http://www.afrology.com/pol/pdf/gamora.pdf">"Ethiopia and China Political and Economic Relations: Challenges and prospects after 1991"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Gedion Gamora. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrology.com/pol/pdf/gamora.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia+and+China+Political+and+Economic+Relations%3A+Challenges+and+prospects+after+1991&rft.pub=Gedion+Gamora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrology.com%2Fpol%2Fpdf%2Fgamora.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0723.html">"Haile Selassie of Ethiopia Dies at 83"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. August 28, 1975<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Haile+Selassie+of+Ethiopia+Dies+at+83&rft.date=1975-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0723.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinaorg-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinaorg_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinaorg_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinaorg_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183534.htm">"Ethiopia"</a>. China Internet Information Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia&rft.pub=China+Internet+Information+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Ffeatures%2Ffocac%2F183534.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225141716/http://english1.people.com.cn/english/200106/11/eng20010611_72383.html">"Ethiopia-China Ties to Be Further Strengthened: Ethiopian Deputy FM"</a>. People's Daily Online. June 11, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english1.people.com.cn/english/200106/11/eng20010611_72383.html">the original</a> on February 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia-China+Ties+to+Be+Further+Strengthened%3A+Ethiopian+Deputy+FM&rft.pub=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.date=2001-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish1.people.com.cn%2Fenglish%2F200106%2F11%2Feng20010611_72383.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200412/22/eng20041222_168213.html">"China, Ethiopia vow to expand all-round partnership"</a>. People's Daily Online. December 22, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%2C+Ethiopia+vow+to+expand+all-round+partnership&rft.pub=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.date=2004-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F200412%2F22%2Feng20041222_168213.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/eng/zxxx/t324405.htm">"Ethiopia, China sign debt relief agreement"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China. 2007-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia%2C+China+to+broaden+areas+of+cooperation&rft.pub=China+daily&rft.date=2008-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2008-02%2F28%2Fcontent_6491206.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106162657/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/10/content_10338036.htm">"Top legislator: China attaches great importance to ties with Ethiopia"</a>. China View. 2008-11-10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/10/content_10338036.htm">the original</a> on November 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+legislator%3A+China+attaches+great+importance+to+ties+with+Ethiopia&rft.pub=China+View&rft.date=2008-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2008-11%2F10%2Fcontent_10338036.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theafricamonitor.com/news/ethiopian/november2008/111108/china.htm">"China's ties with Ethiopia on a higher level: China's top legislator"</a>. The Africa Monitor. November 11, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%27s+ties+with+Ethiopia+on+a+higher+level%3A+China%27s+top+legislator&rft.pub=The+Africa+Monitor&rft.date=2008-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theafricamonitor.com%2Fnews%2Fethiopian%2Fnovember2008%2F111108%2Fchina.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Ethiopia+relations" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.ethiopianreporter.com/content/view/1116/1/">"Ethiopia, China sign accord to abolish double taxation"</a>. 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ethiopia&#124;link=Ethiopia_Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Foreign relations of Ethiopia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Djibouti–Ethiopia relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Egypt–Ethiopia relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Eritrea–Ethiopia relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Ethiopia–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Ethiopia–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somaliland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Somaliland relations">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Ethiopia–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Ethiopia"><img alt="Emblem of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/70px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/105px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/140px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Brazil–Ethiopia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Canada–Ethiopia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Cuba–Ethiopia relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Ethiopia–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ethiopia–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ethiopia–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Ethiopia–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Ethiopia–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Ethiopia–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ethiopia–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Denmark–Ethiopia relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93France_relations" title="Ethiopia–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Ethiopia–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="Ethiopia–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Ethiopia–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="Ethiopia–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Ethiopia–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Ethiopia–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Ethiopia–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Ethiopia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Ethiopia">in Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Foreign_relations_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Template:Foreign relations of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Template 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style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Algeria–China relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Angola–China relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Benin–China relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Botswana–China relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burkina Faso–China relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burundi–China relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cameroon–China relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cape Verde–China relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Central African Republic–China relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chad–China relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Comoros_relations" title="China–Comoros relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Djibouti_relations" title="China–Djibouti relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Egypt_relations" title="China–Egypt relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Equatorial_Guinea_relations" title="China–Equatorial Guinea relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Eritrea_relations" title="China–Eritrea relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gabon_relations" title="China–Gabon relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gambia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Gambia relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ghana_relations" title="China–Ghana relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea_relations" title="China–Guinea relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations" title="China–Guinea-Bissau relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="China–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="China–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="China–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="China–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="China–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="China–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="China–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="China–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="China–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="China–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="China–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="China–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="China–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="China–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="China–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="China–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="China–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="China–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="China–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="China–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="China–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="China–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="China–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="China–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="China–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="China–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="China–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="China–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="China–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="China–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–China relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Argentina–China relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–China relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Barbados–China relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bolivia–China relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brazil–China relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chile–China relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="China–Colombia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Costa_Rica_relations" title="China–Costa Rica relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cuba_relations" title="China–Cuba relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Dominican_Republic_relations" title="China–Dominican Republic relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ecuador_relations" title="China–Ecuador relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93El_Salvador_relations" title="China–El Salvador relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Grenada_relations" title="China–Grenada relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="China–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Honduras_relations" title="China–Honduras relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="China–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="China–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="China–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="China–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="China–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="China–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="China–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="China–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="China–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Afghanistan–China relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Armenia–China relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Azerbaijan–China relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bangladesh–China relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bhutan–China relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brunei–China relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cambodia–China relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93East_Timor_relations" title="China–East Timor relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Georgia_relations" title="China–Georgia relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="China–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="China–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="China–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="China–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="China–Japan relations">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="History of China–Japan relations">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="China–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="China–Kyrgyzstan relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="China–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="China–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="China–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="China–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="China–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="China–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="China–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="China–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="China–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="China–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="China–South Korea relations">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="China–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="China–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="China–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="China–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="China–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="China–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="China–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Vietnam under Chinese rule">Northern Domination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="China–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Albania–China relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Austria–China relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belarus–China relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belgium–China relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bulgaria–China relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Croatia_relations" title="China–Croatia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations" title="China–Cyprus relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="China–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="China–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="China–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93France_relations" title="China–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="China–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="China–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iceland_relations" title="China–Iceland relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="China–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="China–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="China–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="China–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="China–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="China–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="China–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="China–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="China–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="China–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="China–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="China–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93San_Marino_relations" title="China–San Marino relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="China–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="China–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="China–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="China–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="China–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="China–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="China–Holy See relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Australia–China relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Fiji_relations" title="China–Fiji relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations" title="China–Kiribati relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="China–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="China–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="China–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niue_relations" title="China–Niue relations">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="China–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="China–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="China–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="China–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="China–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_relations" title="Sino-Soviet relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="China–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCIM_Economic_Corridor" title="BCIM Economic Corridor">BCIM Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-African_relations" title="Sino-African relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Caribbean_relations" title="Sino-Caribbean relations">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations" title="Sino-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Third_World_relations" title="Sino-Third World relations">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_China" title="Arctic policy of China">Arctic policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:China_and_the_Antarctic" title="Category:China and the Antarctic">China and the Antarctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign Minister</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_peaceful_rise" title="China's peaceful rise">China's peaceful rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dates_of_establishment_of_diplomatic_relations_with_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China">Dates of diplomatic recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_China" title="Foreign policy of China">Foreign policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China">Foreign Relations Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-dash_line" title="Nine-dash line">Nine-dash line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_diplomacy" title="Stadium diplomacy">Stadium diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_Pearls_(Indian_Ocean)" title="String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)">String of Pearls</a></li> <li>Major historical splits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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