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Folake Olanipekun</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Bosede Folake Olanipekun"> <meta name="keywords" content="Bosede Folake Olanipekun"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Bosede Folake Olanipekun"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Bosede Folake Olanipekun</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Effect of Pretreatment and Drying Method on Selected Quality Parameters of Dried Bell Pepper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toyosi%20Yewande%20Tunde-Akintunde">Toyosi Yewande Tunde-Akintunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20Oluwatoyin%20Ogunlakin"> Grace Oluwatoyin Ogunlakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosede%20Folake%20Olanipekun"> Bosede Folake Olanipekun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peppers are excellent sources of nutrients but its high moisture content makes it susceptible to spoilage. Drying, a common processing method, results in a reduction of these nutrients in the final product. Pre-treatment of pepper before drying can be used to reduce the level of degradation of nutrients. Thus this study investigated the effect of pre-treatment (hot water blanching and soaking in brine-sodium chloride) and drying methods (oven, microwave and sun) on selected quality parameters (proximate composition, capsaicin, reducing sugar and phenolic content, pH, total solid (TS), Titratable acidity (TA), water absorption capacity (WAC) and colour) of pepper. The protein and moisture content value ranged from 9.09 to 10.23% and 5.63 to 8.48% respectively. Sun dried samples had the highest value while oven dried samples had the lowest. Brine treated samples had higher protein but lower moisture content than blanched samples. Capsaicin, reducing sugar and phenolic content values ranged from 0.68 to 0.87 mg/dm3; 3.18 to 3.79 µg/ml; and 40.67 to 84.01 mg GAE/100 g d.m respectively. The sun dried samples had higher values while the lowest values were from microwave dried samples. The brine treated samples had higher values in capsaicin while the blanched samples had higher reducing sugar and phenolic contents. The values of L, a* and b* for the dried pepper varied from 58.76 to 63.13; 7.09 to 7.34; and 11.79 to 12.36 respectively. Oven dried samples had the lowest values for a*, while its L values were the highest. The L and a* values for brine treated samples were higher than blanched samples. The pre-treatment and drying method considered resulted in different values of the quality parameters considered which indicates that drying and pre-treatment has an effect on the quality of the final dried pepper samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bell%20pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20drying" title=" microwave drying"> microwave drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oven%20drying" title=" oven drying"> oven drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20drying" title=" sun drying"> sun drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28237/effect-of-pretreatment-and-drying-method-on-selected-quality-parameters-of-dried-bell-pepper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Inverse Polynomial Numerical Scheme for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunrinde%20Roseline%20Bosede">Ogunrinde Roseline Bosede</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development, analysis and implementation of an inverse polynomial numerical method which is well suitable for solving initial value problems in first order ordinary differential equations with applications to sample problems. We also present some basic concepts and fundamental theories which are vital to the analysis of the scheme. We analyzed the consistency, convergence, and stability properties of the scheme. Numerical experiments were carried out and the results compared with the theoretical or exact solution and the algorithm was later coded using MATLAB programming language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20equations" title="differential equations">differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical" title=" numerical"> numerical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial" title=" polynomial"> polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20value%20problem" title=" initial value problem"> initial value problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20equation" title=" differential equation"> differential equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23505/inverse-polynomial-numerical-scheme-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Modern Era Applications of Mathematics and Computer Science</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunrinde%20Roseline%20Bosede">Ogunrinde Roseline Bosede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunrinde%20Rowland%20Rotimi"> Ogunrinde Rowland Rotimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Just as the development of ideas of early mathematics was essentially motivated by social needs, the invention of the computer was equally inspired by social needs. The early years of the twenty-first century have been remarkable in advances in mathematical and computer sciences. Mathematical and computer sciences work are fast becoming an increasingly integral and essential components of a growing catalogues of areas of interests in biology, business, military, medicine, social sciences, advanced design, advanced materials, climate, banking and finance, and many other fields of disciplines. This paper seeks to highlight the trend and impacts of the duo in the technological advancements being witnessed in our today's world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer" title="computer">computer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impacts" title=" impacts"> impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20society" title=" modern society"> modern society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28517/modern-era-applications-of-mathematics-and-computer-science" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Corporate Governance and Firms` Performance: Evidence from Quoted Firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunwole%20Cecilia%20Oluwakemi">Ogunwole Cecilia Oluwakemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahid%20Damilola%20Olanipekun"> Wahid Damilola Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omoyele%20Olufemi%20Samuel"> Omoyele Olufemi Samuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Ayomitunde%20Aderemi"> Timothy Ayomitunde Aderemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issues relating to corporate governance in both locally and internationally managed firms cannot be overemphasized because the lack of efficient corporate governance could orchestrate serious problems in any organization. Against this backdrop, this study examines the nexus between corporate governance and performance of firms from 2012 to 2020, using the case study of the Nigerian stock exchange. Consequently, data was collected from forty (40) listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study employed a fixed effect technique of estimation to address the objective of the study. It was discovered from the study that the influence of corporate governance components such as gender diversity, board independence and managerial ownership led to a significant positive impact on the performance of the firms under the investigation. In view of the above finding, this study makes the following recommendations for the policymakers in Nigeria that anytime the goal of the policymakers is the improvement of performance of the listed firms in the Nigerian stock exchange, board independence and a balance in the inclusion of male and female among the board of directors should be encouraged in these firms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate" title="corporate">corporate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firms" title=" firms"> firms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock" title=" stock"> stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange" title=" exchange"> exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145199/corporate-governance-and-firms-performance-evidence-from-quoted-firms-on-the-nigerian-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Application of Envelope Spectrum Analysis and Spectral Kurtosis to Diagnose Debris Fault in Bearing Using Acoustic Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Ogbemudia%20Omoregbee">Henry Ogbemudia Omoregbee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Usunobun%20Olanipekun"> Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Debris fault diagnosis based on acoustic signals in rolling element bearing running at low speed and high radial loads are more of low amplitudes, particularly in the case of debris faults whose signals necessitate high sensitivity analyses. As the rollers in the bearing roll over debris trapped in grease used to lubricate the bearings, the envelope signal created by amplitude demodulation carries additional diagnostic information that is not available through ordinary spectrum analysis of the raw signal. The kurtosis value obtained for three different scenarios (debris induced, outer crack induced, and a normal good bearing) couldn't be used to easily identify whether the used bearings were defective or not. It was established in this work that the envelope spectrum analysis detected the fault signature and its harmonics induced in the debris bearings when bandpass filtering of the raw signal with the frequency band specified by kurtogram and spectral kurtosis was made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20bearings" title="rolling bearings">rolling bearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20element%20bearing%20noise" title=" rolling element bearing noise"> rolling element bearing noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandpass%20filtering" title=" bandpass filtering"> bandpass filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envelope%20spectrum%20analysis" title=" envelope spectrum analysis"> envelope spectrum analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20kurtosis" title=" spectral kurtosis"> spectral kurtosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169008/application-of-envelope-spectrum-analysis-and-spectral-kurtosis-to-diagnose-debris-fault-in-bearing-using-acoustic-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Quality Attributes of Pigeon Pea Used in Bread Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20F.%20Olanipekun">B. F. Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20J.%20Oyelade"> O. J. Oyelade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20O.%20Osemobor"> C. O. Osemobor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pigeon pea is a very good source of protein and micronutrient, but it is being underutilized in Nigeria because of several constraints. This research considered the effect of different processing methods on the quality attributes of pigeon pea used in bread production towards enhancing its utility. Pigeon pea was obtained at a local market and processed into the flour using three processing methods: soaking, sprouting and roasting and were used to bake bread in different proportions. Chemical composition and sensory attributes of the breads were thereafter determined. The highest values of protein and ash contents were obtained from 20 % substitution of sprouted pigeon pea in wheat flour and may be attributable to complex biochemical changes occurring during hydration, to invariably lead to protein constituent being broken down. Hydrolytic activities of the enzymes from the sprouted sample resulted in improvement in the constituent of total protein probably due to reduction in the carbohydrate content. Sensory qualities analyses showed that bread produced with soaked and roasted pigeon pea flours at 5 and 10% inclusion, respectively were mostly accepted than other blends, and products with sprouted pigeon pea flour were least accepted. The findings of this research suggest that supplementing wheat flour with sprouted pigeon peas have more nutritional potentials. However, with sensory analysis indices, the soaked and roasted pigeon peas up to 10% are majorly accepted, and also can improve the nutritional status. Overall, this will be very beneficial to population dependent on plant protein in order to combat malnutrition problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigeon%20pea" title="pigeon pea">pigeon pea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing" title=" processing"> processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malnutrition" title=" malnutrition"> malnutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72199/effect-of-different-processing-methods-on-the-quality-attributes-of-pigeon-pea-used-in-bread-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Commuters Trip Purpose Decision Tree Based Model of Makurdi Metropolis, Nigeria and Strategic Digital City Project</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Okechukwu%20Nwafor">Emmanuel Okechukwu Nwafor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Folake%20Olubunmi%20Akintayo"> Folake Olubunmi Akintayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Alcides%20Rezende"> Denis Alcides Rezende</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decision tree models are versatile and interpretable machine learning algorithms widely used for both classification and regression tasks, which can be related to cities, whether physical or digital. The aim of this research is to assess how well decision tree algorithms can predict trip purposes in Makurdi, Nigeria, while also exploring their connection to the strategic digital city initiative. The research methodology involves formalizing household demographic and trips information datasets obtained from extensive survey process. Modelling and Prediction were achieved using Python Programming Language and the evaluation metrics like R-squared and mean absolute error were used to assess the decision tree algorithm's performance. The results indicate that the model performed well, with accuracies of 84% and 68%, and low MAE values of 0.188 and 0.314, on training and validation data, respectively. This suggests the model can be relied upon for future prediction. The conclusion reiterates that This model will assist decision-makers, including urban planners, transportation engineers, government officials, and commuters, in making informed decisions on transportation planning and management within the framework of a strategic digital city. Its application will enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and overall quality of transportation services in Makurdi, Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree%20algorithm" title="decision tree algorithm">decision tree algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trip%20purpose" title=" trip purpose"> trip purpose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transport" title=" intelligent transport"> intelligent transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20digital%20city" title=" strategic digital city"> strategic digital city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20pattern" title=" travel pattern"> travel pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20transport" title=" sustainable transport"> sustainable transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191019/commuters-trip-purpose-decision-tree-based-model-of-makurdi-metropolis-nigeria-and-strategic-digital-city-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Preservative Potentials of Piper Guineense on Roma Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Fruit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20O.%20Babarinde">Grace O. Babarinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adegoke%20O.Gabriel"> Adegoke O.Gabriel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahman%20Akinoso"> Rahman Akinoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adekanye%20Bosede%20R."> Adekanye Bosede R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health risks associated with the use of synthetic chemicals to control post-harvest losses in fruit calls for use of natural biodegradable compounds. The potential of Piper guineense as postharvest preservative for Roma tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was investigated. Freshly harvested red tomato (200 g) was dipped into five concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% w/v) of P. guineense aqueous extract, while untreated fruits served as control. The samples were stored under refrigeration and analysed at 5-day interval for physico-chemical properties. P. guineense essential oil (EO) was characterised using GC-MS and its tomato preservative potential was evaluated. Percentage weight loss (PWL) in extract-treated tomato ranged from 0.0-0.68% compared to control (0.3-19.97%) during storage. Values obtained for firmness ranged from 8.23-16.88 N and 8.4 N in extract-treated and control. pH reduced from 5.4 to 4.5 and 3.7 in extract-treated and untreated samples, respectively. Highest value of Total Soluble Solid (1.8 °Brix) and maximum retention of Ascorbic acid (13.0 mg/100 g) were observed in 4% P. guineense-treated samples. Predominant P. guineense EO components were zingiberene (9.9%), linalool (10.7%), β-caryophyllene (12.6%), 1, 5-Heptadiene, 6-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-l-yl) (16.4%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (23.7%). Tomatoes treated with EO had lower PWL (5.2%) and higher firmness (14.2 N) than controls (15.3% and 11.9 N) respectively. The result indicates that P. guineense can be incorporated in to post harvest technology of Roma tomato fruit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title="aqueous extract">aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piper%20guineense" title=" piper guineense"> piper guineense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roma%20tomato" title=" Roma tomato"> Roma tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20condition" title=" storage condition"> storage condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26166/preservative-potentials-of-piper-guineense-on-roma-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-fruit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use among Mauritian Adolescents: Analysis of 2017 WHO Global School-Based Student Health Survey </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyanujesu%20Adereti">Iyanujesu Adereti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tajudeen%20Basiru"> Tajudeen Basiru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodamola%20Olanipekun"> Ayodamola Olanipekun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Substance abuse among adolescents is of public health concern globally. Despite being the most abused by adolescents, there are limited studies on the prevalence of alcohol use and cigarette smoking among adolescents in Mauritius. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol use and associated correlates among school-going adolescents in Mauritius. Methodology: Data obtained from 2017 WHO Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) survey of 3,012 school-going adolescents in Mauritius was analyzed using STATA. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain prevalence. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Results: Prevalence of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking were 26.0% and 17.1%, respectively. Smoking and alcohol use was more prevalent among males, younger adolescents, and those in higher school grades (p-value <.000). In multivariable logistic regression, male gender was associated with a higher risk of cigarette smoking (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) [95%Confidence Interval (CI)]= 1.51[1.06-2.14]) but lower risk of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 0.69[0.53-0.90]) while older age (mid and late adolescence) and parental smoking were found to be associated with increased risk of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 1.94[1.34-2.99] and 1.36[1.05-1.78] respectively). Marijuana use, truancy, being in a fight and suicide ideation were associated with increased odds of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 3.82[3.39-6.09]; 2.15[1.62-2.87]; 1.83[1.34-2.49] and 1.93[1.38-2.69] respectively) and cigarette smoking (aOR[95%CI]= 17.28[10.4 - 28.51]; 1.73[1.21-2. 49]; 1.67[1.14-2.45] and 2.17[1.43-3.28] respectively) while involvement in sexual activity was associated with reduced risk of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 0.50[0.37-0.68]) and cigarette smoking (aOR[95%CI]= 0.47[0.33-0.69]). Parental support and parental monitoring were uniquely associated with lower risk of cigarette smoking (aOR[95%CI]= 0.69[0.47-0.99] and 0.62[0.43-0.91] respectively). Conclusion: The high prevalence of alcohol use and cigarette smoking in this study shows the need for the government of Mauritius to enhance policies that will help address this issue putting into accounts the various risk and protective factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent%20health" title="adolescent health">adolescent health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol%20use" title=" alcohol use"> alcohol use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cigarette%20smoking" title=" cigarette smoking"> cigarette smoking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20school-based%20student%20health%20survey" title=" global school-based student health survey"> global school-based student health survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135757/cigarette-smoking-and-alcohol-use-among-mauritian-adolescents-analysis-of-2017-who-global-school-based-student-health-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Knowledge and Use of Computer Application Packages by Office Managers/Secretaries in Higher Institutions in Ogun State Nigeria: Implication on Performance Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlotte%20Bose%20Iro-Idoro">Charlotte Bose Iro-Idoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebisi%20Folake%20Osore"> Adebisi Folake Osore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tajudeen%20Adisa%20Jimoh"> Tajudeen Adisa Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All changes in the office environment were and are still driven by advances in technology. The impact of computers on office work has resulted in numerous changes in office activities, procedures and the expectations from office managers and secretaries. This study investigated the level of knowledge and use of computer office application packages by secretaries and office managers in higher educational institutions in Ogun State and the implications of these on their performance enhancement. The study is an ex post facto research and adopted the survey design for the collection of data. Two hypotheses were formulated, and a questionnaire was developed and tested at 0.05 level of significance. All office managers and secretaries in the service of higher educational institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria formed the population of the study. The study was limited to federal institutions and a total of 120 office managers/secretaries were selected to form the sample such that 40 office managers/secretaries were randomly selected from each of the three Federal higher institutions in the State, that is Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro and Federal College of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Analysis of data and hypotheses tests were carried out with frequency counts, percentage and T-Test. The result indicated varying levels of awareness on office application tools with limited knowledge and use of computer application packages by office managers/secretaries. The results also showed that good knowledge and high use of office application tools enhance performance of office managers/secretaries. The study recommended that there should be maximum institutional resources and support and personal development on the part of the office managers to ensure update knowledge and maximal use of office application tools by office managers/secretaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application%20packages" title="application packages">application packages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer" title=" computer"> computer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20managers" title=" office managers"> office managers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20enhancement" title=" performance enhancement"> performance enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90868/knowledge-and-use-of-computer-application-packages-by-office-managerssecretaries-in-higher-institutions-in-ogun-state-nigeria-implication-on-performance-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Use of Correlation Difference for the Prediction of Leakage in Pipeline Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Usunobun%20Olanipekun">Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Ogbemudia%20Omoregbee"> Henry Ogbemudia Omoregbee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anomalies such as water pipeline and hydraulic or petrochemical pipeline network leakages and bursts have significant implications for economic conditions and the environment. In order to ensure pipeline systems are reliable, they must be efficiently controlled. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become a powerful network with critical infrastructure monitoring systems for water, oil and gas pipelines. The loss of water, oil and gas is inevitable and is strongly linked to financial costs and environmental problems, and its avoidance often leads to saving of economic resources. Substantial repair costs and the loss of precious natural resources are part of the financial impact of leaking pipes. Pipeline systems experts have implemented various methodologies in recent decades to identify and locate leakages in water, oil and gas supply networks. These methodologies include, among others, the use of acoustic sensors, measurements, abrupt statistical analysis etc. The issue of leak quantification is to estimate, given some observations about that network, the size and location of one or more leaks in a water pipeline network. In detecting background leakage, however, there is a greater uncertainty in using these methodologies since their output is not so reliable. In this work, we are presenting a scalable concept and simulation where a pressure-driven model (PDM) was used to determine water pipeline leakage in a system network. These pressure data were collected with the use of acoustic sensors located at various node points after a predetermined distance apart. We were able to determine with the use of correlation difference to determine the leakage point locally introduced at a predetermined point between two consecutive nodes, causing a substantial pressure difference between in a pipeline network. After de-noising the signal from the sensors at the nodes, we successfully obtained the exact point where we introduced the local leakage using the correlation difference model we developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20detection" title="leakage detection">leakage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20signals" title=" acoustic signals"> acoustic signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20network" title=" pipeline network"> pipeline network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks%20%28WSNs%29" title=" wireless sensor networks (WSNs)"> wireless sensor networks (WSNs)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172959/the-use-of-correlation-difference-for-the-prediction-of-leakage-in-pipeline-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in Cultivable Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Different Ecological Niches in the Eastern Cape, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20A.%20Adefisoye">Martins A. Adefisoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mpaka%20Lindelwa"> Mpaka Lindelwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadare%20Folake"> Fadare Folake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20I.%20Okoh"> Anthony I. Okoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evolution and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance from one ecosystem to another has been responsible for wide-scale epidemic and endemic spreads of multi-drug resistance pathogens. This study assessed the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in different environmental samples, including river water, hospital effluents, abattoir wastewater, animal rectal swabs and faecal droppings, soil, and vegetables, using standard microbiological procedure. The identity of the isolates were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF) while the isolates were profiled for resistance against a panel of 16 antibiotics using disc diffusion (DD) test, and the occurrence of resistance genes (ARG) was determined by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Enterobacteriaceae counts in the samples range as follows: river water 4.0 × 101 – 2.0 × 104 cfu/100 ml, hospital effluents 1.5 × 103 – 3.0 × 107 cfu/100 ml, municipal wastewater 2.3 × 103 – 9.2 × 104 cfu/100 ml, faecal droppings 3.0 × 105 – 9.5 × 106 cfu/g, animal rectal swabs 3.0 × 102 – 2.9 × 107 cfu/ml, soil 0 – 1.2 × 105 cfu/g and vegetables 0 – 2.2 × 107 cfu/g. Of the 700 randomly selected presumptive isolates subjected to MALDI-TOF analysis, 129 (18.4%), 68 (9.7%), 67 (9.5%), 41 (5.9%) were E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Citrobacter spp. respectively while the remaining isolates belong to other genera not targeted in the study. The DD test shows resistance ranging between 91.6% (175/191) for cefuroxime and (15.2%, 29/191) for imipenem The predominant multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes (MARP), (GM-AUG-AP-CTX-CXM-CIP-NOR-NI-C-NA-TS-T-DXT) occurred in 9 Klebsiella isolates. The multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) the isolates (range 0.17–1.0) generally showed >95% had MARI above the 0.2 thresholds, suggesting that most of the isolates originate from high-risk environments with high antibiotic use and high selective pressure for the emergence of resistance. The associated ARG in the isolates include: bla TEM 61.9 (65), bla SHV 1.9 (2), bla OXA 8.6 (9), CTX-M-2 8.6 (9), CTX-M-9 6.7 (7), sul 2 26.7 (28), tet A 16.2 (17), tet M 17.1 (18), aadA 59.1 (62), strA 34.3 (36), aac(3)A 19.1 (20), (aa2)A 7.6 (8), and aph(3)-1A 10.5 (11). The results underscore the need for preventative measures to curb the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae to protect public health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterobacteriaceae" title="enterobacteriaceae">enterobacteriaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic-resistance" title=" antibiotic-resistance"> antibiotic-resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MALDI-TOF" title=" MALDI-TOF"> MALDI-TOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20genes" title=" resistance genes"> resistance genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MARP" title=" MARP"> MARP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MARI" title=" MARI"> MARI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110886/characterization-of-antibiotic-resistance-in-cultivable-enterobacteriaceae-isolates-from-different-ecological-niches-in-the-eastern-cape-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Human Capital Development, Foreign Direct Investment and Industrialization in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ese%20Urhie">Ese Urhie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosede%20Olopade"> Bosede Olopade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muyiwa%20Oladosun"> Muyiwa Oladosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Okodua"> Henry Okodua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past three and half decades, aside from the fact that the contribution of the industrial sector to gross domestic product in Nigeria has nose-dived, its performance has also been highly unstable. Investment funds needed to develop the industrial sector usually come from both internal and external sources. The internal sources include surplus generated within the industrial sector and surplus diverted from other sectors of the economy. It has been observed that due to the small size of the industrial sector in developing countries, very limited funds could be raised for further investment. External sources of funds which many currently industrialized and some ‘newly industrializing countries’ have benefited from including direct and indirect investment by foreign capitalists; foreign aid and loans; and investments by nationals living abroad. Foreign direct investment inflow in Nigeria has been declining since 2009 in both absolute and relative terms. High level of human capital has been identified as one of the crucial factors that explain the miraculous growth of the ‘Asian Tigers’. Its low level has also been identified as the major cause for the low level of FDI flow to Nigeria in particular and Africa in general. There has been positive, but slow improvement in human capital indicators in Nigeria in the past three decades. In spite of this, foreign direct investment inflow has not only been low; it has declined drastically in recent years. i) Why has the improvement in human capital in Nigeria failed to attract more FDI inflow? ii) To what extent does the level of human capital influence FDI inflow in Nigeria? iii) Is there a threshold of human capital stock that guarantees sustained inflow of FDI? iv) Does the quality of human capital matter? v) Does the influence of other (negative) factors outweigh the benefits of human capital? Using time series secondary data, a system of equations is employed to evaluate the effect of human capital on FDI inflow in Nigeria on one hand and the effect of FDI on the level of industrialization on the other. A weak relationship between human capital and FDI is expected, while a strong relationship between FDI and industrial growth is expected from the result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title="human capital">human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20direct%20investment" title=" foreign direct investment"> foreign direct investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialization" title=" industrialization"> industrialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20domestic%20product" title=" gross domestic product"> gross domestic product</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80736/human-capital-development-foreign-direct-investment-and-industrialization-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Assessment of Serum Osteopontin, Osteoprotegerin and Bone-Specific Alp as Markers of Bone Turnover in Patients with Disorders of Thyroid Function in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwabori%20Emmanuel%20Olukoyejo">Oluwabori Emmanuel Olukoyejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogra%20Victor%20Ogra"> Ogra Victor Ogra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosede%20Amodu"> Bosede Amodu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tewogbade%20Adeoye%20Adedeji"> Tewogbade Adeoye Adedeji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Disorders of thyroid function are the second most common endocrine disorders worldwide, with a direct relationship with metabolic bone diseases. These metabolic bone complications are often subtle but manifest as bone pains and an increased risk of fractures. The gold standard for diagnosis, Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), is limited in this environment due to unavailability, cumbersomeness and cost. However, bone biomarkers have shown prospects in assessing alterations in bone remodeling, which has not been studied in this environment. Aim: This study evaluates serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone-specific ALP), osteopontin and osteoprotegerin biomarkers of bone turnover in patients with disorders of thyroid function. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out over a period of one and a half years. Forty patients with thyroid dysfunctions, aged 20 to 50 years, and thirty-eight age and sex-matched healthy euthyroid controls were included in this study. Patients were further stratified into hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups. Bone-specific ALP, osteopontin, and osteoprotegerin, alongside serum total calcium, ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate, were assayed for all patients and controls. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic and medical history. Then, 5 ml of blood was collected in a plain bottle and serum was harvested following clotting and centrifugation. Serum samples were assayed for B-ALP, osteopontin, and osteoprotegerin using the ELISA technique. Total calcium and ionized calcium were assayed using an ion-selective electrode, while the inorganic phosphate was assayed with automated photometry. Results: The hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patient groups had significantly increased median serum B-ALP (30.40 and 26.50) ng/ml and significantly lower median OPG (0.80 and 0.80) ng/ml than the controls (10.81 and 1.30) ng/ml respectively, p < 0.05. However, serum osteopontin in the hyperthyroid group was significantly higher and significantly lower in the hypothyroid group when compared with the controls (11.00 and 2.10 vs 3.70) ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05. Both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups had significantly higher mean serum total calcium, ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate than the controls (2.49 ± 0.28, 1.27 ± 0.14 and 1.33 ± 0.33) mmol/l and (2.41 ± 0.04, 1.20 ± 0.04 and 1.15 ± 0.16) mmol/l vs (2.27 ± 0.11, 1.17 ± 0.06 and 1.08 ± 0.16) mmol/l respectively, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Patients with disorders of thyroid function have metabolic imbalances of all the studied bone markers, suggesting a higher bone turnover. The routine bone markers will be an invaluable tool for monitoring bone health in patients with thyroid dysfunctions, while the less readily available markers can be introduced as supplementary tools. Moreover, bone-specific ALP, osteopontin and osteoprotegerin were found to be the strongest independent predictors of metabolic bone markers’ derangements in patients with thyroid dysfunctions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20bone%20diseases" title="metabolic bone diseases">metabolic bone diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20turnover" title=" bone turnover"> bone turnover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperthyroid" title=" hyperthyroid"> hyperthyroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypothyroid" title=" hypothyroid"> hypothyroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euthyroid" title=" euthyroid"> euthyroid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188759/assessment-of-serum-osteopontin-osteoprotegerin-and-bone-specific-alp-as-markers-of-bone-turnover-in-patients-with-disorders-of-thyroid-function-in-nigeria-sub-saharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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